europe and middle east around 800 ad how arabs and turks ruled region treated conquered people...
TRANSCRIPT
Golden Age of Islam800s to 1400s
Chapter 10-Sec 3
Europe and Middle East around 800 AD
How Arabs and Turks Ruled Region
• Treated conquered people respectfully• Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians were
called “People of the Book”• Non-Muslims paid tax for military
exemption• Allowed non-Muslims to be important
scholars and members of bureaucracy
How could cultural tolerance lead to advancements in math and science?
Which factor helps explain the scientific and literary achievements of the Muslims during their Golden Age (A.D. 800-1300)?
• 1. expansion of trans-Atlantic trade • 2. innovations introduced by the Europeans
during the Renaissance • 3. cultural diversity accepted by many
Islamic governments • 4. legal equality of all people in the Islamic
empire
How can learning be linked to geography/geographic location?• Trade routes (land and coastline)• Merchant contact• Religious pilgrimage
Science and Math
• Arabic numerals (1,2,3…)• al-Khwarizmi…invents algebra (Al Jabr)-
quadratic equations• Trigonometry• Hospitals/pharmacies*• Medical books• Disinfection w/alcohol
#4 Why does this matter to scientists?
House of Wisdom
• First university• Opthamology/optics• spyglass• Astrolabe/compass from China
Leads to a Golden Age Across the Empire
• Time of peace and safe for mix of cultures• Damascus, Baghdad, Granada, Cordoba
huge cities!• 4 social classes:
–Muslims by birth–Muslims by conversions–People of the Book–POW slaves…Janissaries
Without the Arabs/Turks…no Renaissance!• Crusades (1300s) opens trade again with
Asia (Mideast)• Knowledge had been preserved by Arab
and Turkish world after Fall of Rome• Europeans learn and are inspired!
#1: Based on this map, where are the trade “hubs”? What would account for this?
Contributions…Economics
• Banking system organized• The dinar* -official paper currency• Letters of credit, sakks/“checks”, offered by
banks…exchanged for cash at banks• Cosmopolitan blend of culture, religion, $
Scholarship
• Encouraged in the Quran• “Acquire knowledge…it enables possessor to
distinguish between right and wrong; lights way to heaven; guides to happiness; an armor against enemies” Prophet Muhammad
• Muslim world preserved learning• 800’s Baghdad opens House of Wisdom:
academy, library, translation center• Worked on translating texts from Greece,
India, Persia into Arabic
Advancements
• Persian scholar al-Razi compiles medical encyclopedia/smallpox treatment book
• Al-Khwarizmi invents al-jabr=algebra• Cartography• Early astronomical devices before telescope• Astrolabe• Calligraphy as text and art• Literature…1,001 Arabian Nights
Gibraltar-Muslim Spain
• Named for Berber general named Jabal Tariq
• An entire peninsula and waterway is named after him
• Jabal Tariq = Gibraltar
Muslim Spain
• Known as Moors• Called Spain al-Andalus (Andalusia!)• Granada is the jewel city!• Battled the Franks battle Moors near
Paris (Battle of Tours) in 732• Halted spread of Islam to Europe
Al-Hambra Palace in Granada, Spain
Moorish Culture
Isabella, Ferdinand, and Columbus chilling at Al-Hambra Palace
After the Reconquista/Spanish Inquisition
• King-new wife every night and execute next morning
• Sheherazade great story-teller…• The King became so entranced by
Sheherazade's stories that he wanted to hear the conclusion of each one.
• Night after night Sheherazade would leave him in suspense, postponing her execution for 1,001 nights until he pardoned her!
• Ali Baba and the 40 Thieves (open sesame)• Aladdin• Seven Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor
Muslim View of the Ideal Man ~800AD
• “The ideal man should be from East Persia, Muslim in faith, Arabic in language, Iraqi education, Hebrew in astuteness, Christian in conduct, a Greek in science, Indian in interpretation, and lastly a Sufi in spiritual life”
• What does this quote imply about their culture?
4 Muslim Empires
• Arab • Spanish-Moorish –al-
Andalus(Andalusian) • Ottoman Turkish• Mughal in India
Topkapi Palace
