ethics class8

7/31/2019 Ethics Class8

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Leader-Member Exchange theory

LMX Theory Because of time pressure,leaders establish a special relationshipwith a small group (In group)and are more

likely to get special previleges


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Charismatic Leadership

Key Characteristics of Charismatic leaders1. Self Confidence- They have complete confidence in their judgment and ability.

2. A vision- This is an idealized goal that proposes a future better than the status quo. The greater the disparitybetween idealized goal and the status quo, the more likely that followers will attribute extraordinary vision to theleader.

3. Ability to articulate the vision- They are able to clarify and state the vision in terms that are understandableto others. This articulation demonstrates an understanding of the followers needs and, hence acts as amotivating force.

4. Strong convictions about vision- Charismatic leaders are perceived as being strongly committed, and willingto take on high personal risk, incur high costs, and engage in self-sacrifice to achieve their vision.

5. Behavior that is out of the ordinary- Those with charisma engage in behavior that is perceived as beingnovel, unconventional, and counter to norms. When successful , these behaviors evoke surprise and admirationin followers.

6. Perceived as being a change agent- Charismatic leaders are perceived as agents of radical change rather than as caretakers of the status quo.

7. Environmental sensitivity- These leaders are able to make realistic assessments of the environmentalconstraints and resources needed to bring about change.


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Transactional Leadership

A transactional leader recognises what wewant to get from the work and tries toensure that we get it if our performance

merits it .Exchanges rewards & promisesfor our effort .He is responsive toimmediate self interest if they can be met

by getting the work done


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Transformational Leadership

They raise level of awareness,Level of consciousness about the significance andvalue of the designated outcomes and

ways to reach them.Get the followerstranscend their self interest for the sake of team , organisation & larger polity.

Alters our need level & expand our rangeof wants & needs .He is a Change agent .


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Transactional vs Transformational leaders

Characteristics of Transactional and transformational leaders

Transactional Leaders Contingent Reward: Contracts exchange of rewards for effort, promises rewards for good

performance, recognizes accomplishment Management by exception (active): Watches and searches for deviations from rules and

standards, takes corrective action. Management by exception (passive): Intervenes only if standards are not met Laissez faire: Abdicates responsibilities, avoids making decisions

Transformational Leaders Charisma : Provides vision and sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect trust.

Inspiration: Communicates high expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts, expresses importantpurposes in simple ways.

Intellectual Stimulations : Promotes intelligence, rationality, and careful problem solving. Individualized consideration: Gives personal attention, treats each employee individually,

coaches, advises.


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Relative Distribution of Managers Activities

Traditional Management(32%)

Routine Communication(29%)

Human resources(20%)

Networking(19%)


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Interpersonal Skills

4. Communicationsupportively

5. Gaining power and influences

7. Managementconflict

6. Motivating others

Gaining power Exercise influenceEmpowering others

CoachingCounselingListening

Identifying causesSelecting appropriate strategiesResolving confrontations

Diagnosing poor performanceCreating a motivating environmentRewarding accomplishment


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ROLE OF A LEADER

Implemetation Innovation Realization Structuring Improvisation

Visualisation


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Leadership Style

Behavioural Approcah Situational Approach


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Behavioural Approach

Power Orientation Leadership as continuum Employee-Production Orientation Likerts management system Management Grid

Tri-Dimensional Grid


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Situational Approach

Fiedlers Contigency model Hersey & Blanchards situational Model Path-Goal Model


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Power Orientation

Autocratic Participative Free-Rein

I fl T ti U d b L d11.4


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Influence Tactics Used by Leaders Setting a good example Assertiveness Reason and logic Ingratiation Bargaining Coalition formation Joking and kidding

Characteristics of Effective Leaders11.5


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Characteristics of Effective Leaders1. Driven, high achievers, passionate

2. Possess a strong desire to control others

3. Self-confident

4. Trustworthy and honest

5. Smart, knowledgeable, technically competent

6. Sensitive to peoples needs and feelings

7. Sense of humor

8. Emotionally intelligent

Behaviors of Effective Leaders11.6


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Behaviors of Effective Leaders Adapt to the situation

Provide stable performance

Demand high standards of performance

Provide emotional support

Give frequent feedback

Have a strong customer orientation

Recover quickly from setbacks

Play the role of servant leader

Th L d hi C i11.7


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The Leadership Continuum

Amount of Authority Held by the Leader

Amount of Authority Held by Group Members

AutocraticStyle

ParticipativeStyle

Free-ReinStyle

Consultative Consensus Democratic

Adapted from Exhibit 11.5

Qualities of Transformational and

11.8


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Qualities of Transformational andCharismatic Leaders

Inspir etrust

Masterfulcommunicators

Intellectuallystimulating

Provideinspiration

Possessa vision

Energy andaction

orientation

Help groupmembers

feel capable


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SPRITUALITY & MNAGEMENT

Inner experience of the individual when hesenses a beyond.

Religion has a moral component andspirituality does not

Spiritual experience may contradictindividual religion


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Attending a sermon Printing religeous slogans Job by religion Making work a form of service Consultant from east

Practising meditation


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PATH OF SPIRITUALITY

Compassion Right Livlihood Selfless service Meditative work Problem Pluralism

Ferrel & Grishams 3 Ethical


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Ferrel & Grisham s 3 Ethicaldecision making

Individual factors Organisational factors Opportunity for action


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SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP

FIVE ELEMENTS

Self awarenessSelf RegulationMotivation

EmpathySocial Skills


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Secularism refers to professional valuewhich totally ignores the difference of caste ,colour,religion ,culture etc

Main characteristics of secular


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Main characteristics of secular values

Material & cultural improvement Respect & search for all the truths Maximize profit without discriminating workforce

More favourable for the organisation & society Decision on brotherhood Unity of world

Cultural & material welfare of human beings

MANAGEMENT BY SECULARISM


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HAS FOLLOWING RESULTS Workers are demoralisedLabour-management conflicts are frequentHuman welfare is neglectedThere is accumulation of wealthSoul is lost

Earning more money becomes major objective

SPIRITUAL VALUES


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SPIRITUAL VALUES

Self respect ,respect for God ,belief ingiving than taking ,respect for elders

Work is worship Control over mind Belief in religion


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What it means to be human ? What really means by growth ? What values & power distributions are

necessary ?


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Spiritual intelligence is defined as havingan ability to behave with compassion &wisdom regardless of circustances andestablishing inner & outer peace .

Spirituality spells sanity ,stability &sustainability and collaboration .It alsoincludes accurate self assessment,confidence ,initiative ,optimism ,socialawareness .Art of living


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Leadership can be defined as the ability toinfluence people to accomplice certaingoal .

Leadership from Kautilya & Confucius Spirituality & stress prevetion Spirituality in transformational leadership


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THANK YOU

ethics class8

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