essential questions what is an example of a vestigial organ? what scientist came up with an...
TRANSCRIPT
Essential Questions What is an example of a vestigial
organ? What scientist came up with an
alternate evolution theory? Name Linnaeus’s classification system
from largest to smallest
Warm Up Nov. 6 Three rules for binomial nomenclature. What is the difference between
artificial and natural selection?
Warm Up Nov. 6
Why do we not use common names?
Why Is it important to classify animals?
What is taxonomy?
Warm up Nov. 7 Give an example of a kingdom. What is the smallest category we
discussed? What is a taxon?
Warm up
Who generally has a higher metabolism, boys or girls?
What happens to your metabolism as you get older?
Give an example of how you could increase your metabolism.
Warm up Give two characteristics of the animal
kingdom. What does motile mean? How many kingdoms are there?
Warm up If an animal is in the same order, it
also has which other taxa in common? What is natural selection? Why do we use dichotomous keys?
Why Classify? Use to name organisms and group
them in a logical manner. Taxonomy
– The branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms
Assigning Scientific Names
Why common names are confusing.– Felis concolor has 4 common names
Mountain lion, a puma, a cougar, or a panther
– A common name can refer to 2 different species: example is buzzard – in the UK it refers to a hawk and in most of the US it refers to a vulture
Binomial nomenclature– Developed by Linnaeus– Two-word system to name organisms– Are always in Latin and Must be italicized
or underlined – The first word (genus) is capitalized but
the second word (descriptive term) is lowercase
Turdus migratorius (American Robin)
Linnaeus’s System of Classification
Taxon – each level within a naming system.(commonly memorized from largest to smallest)
King Philip Came Over For Granny’s Spaghetti
Species– Organisms that look alike– Successfully reproduce among
themselves Genus
– Group of closely related species Family
– Group of closely related genera
Order– Group of related families
Class– Group of related orders
Phylum/Divisions– Group of related classes
Kingdom– Group of related phyla
Essential Questions
What are the rules of Binomial Nomenclature?
What are the three domains? Why are common names
confusing?
Essential Questions
What is a species? What is the broadest classification in
Linneaus’s system? What is the acronym for the system?
Dichotomous Key Is a set of paired statements that can
be used to identify organisms You choose one statement from each
pair that best describes the organism At the end you will identify the name or
what group the organism belongs to
Essential Questions
What are the three domains? What class do we belong to? What information can you get
from Homo sapien?
Evolutionary Classification
Phylogeny– The evolutionary relationship among
organisms Cladogram
– A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms
Essention Questions What is a cladogram used for? If animals are in the same class, what
other groups do they belong to? What is a phylogeny?
The Tree of Life Evolves The six-kingdom system of
classification includes the kingdoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
The Three-Domain System
Domain – a more inclusive category than any other – larger than a kingdom
The 3 domains are:– Eukarya (include protists, fungi, plants,
and animals)– Bacteria (corresponds to Eubacteria)– Archaea (corresponds to Archaebacteria)
Essential Questions
What are two differences between plants and animals?
How does fungi get its nutrients? What does non-motile mean?
Warm Up What is an ecological footprint? What happened during the industrial
revolution? Give an example of mutualism.
Domain Bacteria Corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria Contains all unicellular, prokaryotic cells Have thick, rigid cell walls Either heterotroph or autotroph Some need oxygen while others are killed
by oxygen Example: Strepococcus, Escherichia coli
Domain Archaea Corresponds to kingdom Archaebacteria Contain all prokaryotic cells Live in some of the most extreme
environments– Volcanic hot springs, brine pools, black organic
mud devoid of oxygen Most can survive only in the absence of
oxygen Examples: Methanogens, halophiles
Domain Eukarya Consist of all organisms that have a
nucleus Organized into 4 kingdoms
– Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Protista– Members display the greatest variety– Most are unicellular but some are
multicellular– Either autotroph or heterotroph– Examples:
Amoeba, paramecium, giant kelp
Fungi
– A unicellular or multicellular heterotrophic eukaryote
– Absorbs nutrients obtained by decomposing dead organisms and wastes in the environment
– Examples: Mushrooms, which are multicellular Yeasts, which are unicellular
Plantae– Multicellular organisms that are
photosynthetic autotrophs– Nonmotile – cannot move from place to
place– Contain cell walls– Includes cone-bearing and flowering
plants, as well as mosses and ferns
Animalia– Multicellular consumers that eat and
digest other organisms for food– Animal cells have no cell wall– Most are motile for at least some part of
their life cycle– Incredible amount of diversity
Sponges, worms, insects, fish, mammals
– Many exist in nearly every part of the planet