error correction

Eman Mohamed Abdel Kader

ERROR CORRECTION


A mistake A mistake is a “slip of tongue’’.

Learner knows the correct form but has temporarily forgotten it.

Tired Not concentrating Carelessness

•

A mistake or an error


An error is made when a learner does not know that he is incorrect.

Learners knowledge is not complete and is still developing.

An Error


Why teachers correct errorsStudents wants to be understood.

Students expect to be corrected by the teacher.

Students want to improve and feel confident.

Students don’t know they are making mistakes.


causes Writing errors causes Speaking errors

Spelling errors pronunciation

grammar errors grammar

Vocabulary errors

vocabulary

punctuation Word order

Write a list Of typical errors Which students make and their causes


Types of Errors

Speaking Errors

Writing Errors


CAUSES OF ERRORS L1 interference Overgeneralization of rules from L2

Teacher or material induced


1- Teachers shows student that there is a mistake.(Show incorrectness)

2- If the student can not correct him/her self, the teacher helps by using alternative techniques

Two stages of error correction


Criteria for error correction

Comprehensibility )understanding)Frequency lesson focusLearner’s (age,level,sensitivity )


It depends on the kind of activity and its aim.

1-Immediately in accuracy activities.2-Delayed in fluency activities.

When to correct


Accuracy vs Fluency


Different activities


Who can correct the errors?

SELF CORRECTION

PEER CORRECTION

TEACHER CORRECTION


Thinking about his use of languageRemembering how to avoid the error

SELF CORRECTION:

Keeping all the class involvedLearning from each other Reducing teacher domination


Ways of immediate correction

Facial Expressions

gestures visual reminders

a question repeating

Hintingechoing


1- Questions intonations and clues2- Self correction3- Peer correction4- Expansion5- Drilling correct forms

Techniques for Correcting spoken errors:


Drilling correct forms: addressing an error made by many

students not drawing attention to the student who

made the error

Expansion: Expands on an incomplete or partially correct answer.Student was correct in some aspectsProvides additional relevant information


The system that shows the main points teacher will be correcting as well as the symbols he/she uses. It must be shared with the students.

CORRECTION SCHEME OR PLAN


1- self correction

2- Peer correction

3- Teacher correction ( correction scheme)

4- Collective correction of common mistakes

Techniques for Correcting written errors


TIPS FOR DELAYED CORRECTIONSMonitor students and make notes Classify mistakes into different categoriesWrite errors on the board for students to

correctAll students make an error notebook


written error Spoken errors

1-Correction scheme 1-Questions intonations and clues

2-Peer correction 2-Self correction

3-Teacher correction 3-Peer correction

4-Collective correction of common mistakes

4-Expansion

5-Drilling correct forms

Fill in the missing parts in the following table

Techniques for Correcting


Choose a lesson and try to apply some techniques for correcting spoken errors


Correct to build not to destroy

error correction

Education