Equipment

I-Yang Lee, Dave Morrissey, Robert Varner, and Carl Gross

Conclusions• Enough equipment in place to make good

use of the new science opportunities of the C70 cyclotron upgrade.

• A number of new equipment are under construction or being planned to be used at HRIBF.

• A few new equipment has been identified.

• Efficient beam pulsing is needed.

New equipment under construction

• 3Hen - neutron detector

• MTAS - total absorption spectrometer

• ORISS - isomer mass spectrometer

• S-ORRUBA – Si detector array

• Fusion-fission detector

• VANDLE – neutron spectrometer

• BaF2 upgrade – gamma-ray array

• S-Hercules – recoil detector

• GRETINA – gamma-ray tracking array

New equipment indentified

• SOLITAIRE : gas-filled solenoid

• HELIOS: solenoid

• Radioactive target

• CERDA : decay gamma-ray array

• Target making capabilities

Beam requirement

• Efficient beam pulsing : TOF for VANDLE, Hercules, etc.

Element Sn Ni Ge Cu Co Ga Mn Fe Al Ho Tb Dy Sr

Efficiency

Measured (%)

22 2.7 3.3 2.4 >20 9 0.9 40

Ionization schemes available (34 elements) (demonstrated at Mainz University, TIRUMF, HRIBF, JYFL)

Ionization possible (theory)

1H

2He

3Li

4Be

5B

6C

7N

8O

9F

10Ne

11Na

12Mg

13Al

14Si

15P

16S

17Cl

18Ar

19K

20Ca

21Sc

22Ti

23V

24Cr

25Mn

26Fe

27Co

28Ni

29Cu

30Zn

31Ga

32Ge

33As

34Se

35Br

36Kr

37Rb

38Sr

39Y

40Zr

41Nb

42Mo

43Tc

44Ru

45Rh

46Pd

47Ag

48Cd

49In

50Sn

51Sb

52Te

53I

54Xe

55Cs

56Ba

* 72Hf

73Ta

74W

75Re

76Os

77Ir

78Pt

79Au

80Hg

81Tl

82Pb

83Bi

84Po

85At

86Rn

87Fr

88Ra

** 104Rf

105Db

106Sg

107Bh

108Hs

109Mt

110Ds

111Rg

112Cn

113Uut

114Uuq

115Uup

116Uuh

117Uus

118Uuo

* 57La

58Ce

59Pr

60Nd

61Pm

62Sm

63Eu

64Gd

65Tb

66Dy

67Ho

68Er

69Tm

70Yb

71Lu

** 89Ac

90Th

91Pa

92U

93Np

94Pu

95Am

96Cm

97Bk

98Cf

99Es

100Fm

101Md

102No

103Lr

The most important piece of equipment- Radioactive Ion Beams with the HDU Upgrade

Laser ion source results at HRIBF

Co/Ni rejection ratio

= 10,000

In-beam spectroscopy

Equipment Topics existing new

Transfer reaction CLARION, Hyball GRETINA Coulomb excitation CLARION, Hyball GRETINA Coulomb excitation BaF2 PMT, electronics Unsafe Coulex, DI GRETINA High spin CLARION, Hyball, RMS GRETINA Isomer from DI CARDS, dual MCP Heavy nuclcei HERCULES SuperHercules, GRETINA g-factor RIV, RIF

CLARION, Hyball, Gammasphere

13 October 2009 Radford, Physics with GRETINA, APS/JPS Hawaii 2009

Plan to host GRETINA starting summer/fall 2012• Following first experimental campaign at MSU/NSCL Jan – Jun

2012?• Six-month campaign, focus of nuclear structure with neutron-

rich RIBs• Intend to enhance the HRIBF PAC with GRETINA-physics experts• Expect that, due to exciting physics reach, ~ 80% of the 6-

month campaign could be devoted to GRETINA experiments• Future GRETINA@HRIBF campaigns expected, but timescale

TBD• Locate at RMS target• Electronics & CPUs on

mezzanine above beam line• Est. site prep cost ~$450k

budgeted for FY10-11• Need to identify required

auxiliary detectors

GRETINA at the HRIBF

Hercules

Top MCP

Botom MCP

Foil witha circular hole

MagnetBox

Target

CloverGe

CloverGe

Scattered beamto beam-dumpBeam

PLFs at~10-30 deg.

W. Królas, IFJ PAN Kraków HRIBF Users Workshop, November 13-14, 2009

UT / Kraków Isomer-scope for experiments with RIBs

• radioactive beams of A ≈ 80 on 124Sn or 130Te target (~2 mg/cm2)

• MCP tagging on PLFs emitted at and around the grazing angle, 10-30 deg. – MCP efficiency ≥ 90%

• scattered beam ions produce no signal

• CARDS: 4 Clover Ge detectors in a close geometry to measure time stamped (-) isomeric decay events in 10-1000 ns range

M. Rajabali, this session

Top MCP

Bottom MCP

Target

Beam

BoxMagnet

PLFs at10-30 deg.

Scattered beamto beam-dump

Foil with a circular hole

Scattered beamto beam-dump

Double MCP:

CARDS:

BaF2 Upgrade

Replace aging photomultipliers (PMT)•Last PMT replacement in 2002Replace current CAMAC/FASTBUS electronics•Option 1 - Modern VME ADCs and TDCs •Simple replacement does not extend capabilities•Option 2- Digital electronics •Individual gates, “dual” gain, reduced module count, added capability for particle ID and timing (100 ps goal)

Giant Dipole Resonances •Properties of GDR as a function of nuclear temperature•Strength distribution in exotic nuclei•Isospin mixingCoulomb excitation •132Sn, 134Sn, 82Ge

Characteristics •Merged smaller arrays from ORNL (76), TAMU (56), and MSU (21)•~150 detectors arranged in a single wall, 37-packs, 19-packs•0.5-100 MeV photon energy detection•Fast/slow light comparison for pile-up and n-γ discrimination•Timing resolution on order of 200 ps

BaF2 @ MSU

BaF2 @ ATLAS

BaF2 @ HRIBF

Implanted radioactive targets for light ion spectroscopy •Build a beam line from RIB injector to the target position of the Enge•Implant beams into thin carbon foils (20 μg/cm2) at the target position of the Enge•Our proposed radioactive targets will be equivalent to 0.001 - 1 μg/cm2 in the 4 mm2 beam spot•Simultaneously bombard the implantation area with light ion beam from the tandem (no handling until

post-exp)•Measure transfer products with Enge at forward angles (<20°) and with silicon (20°-60°)•Goal is 1022 target-beam nuclei (1011 i/s x N ~ 1022 ~ 105 i/s x 1017 (CD2 100 μg/cm2)•Zr targets can be made by implanting more volatile Kr, Rb, and Sr beams•Upgrade yields over 170 isotopes with suitable intensity and half-lives to reach 1011 target nuclei

A Z N T1/2 (s) Yield (i/s) Atoms/4-mm2 * Eff. thick. (μg/cm2)*

121 50 719.74E+0

43.51E+09 3.03E+14 1.52E+00

123 50 731.12E+0

72.23E+10 1.93E+15 9.84E+00

125 50 758.33E+0

56.10E+10 5.27E+15 2.73E+01

126 50 763.16E+1

27.34E+10 6.34E+15 3.32E+01

127 50 777.56E+0

37.13E+10 8.62E+14 4.55E+00

128 50 783.54E+0

35.59E+10 3.17E+14 1.68E+00

129 50 791.34E+0

23.15E+10 6.75E+12 3.62E-02

130 50 802.23E+0

21.42E+10 5.07E+12 2.73E-02

131 50 815.60E+0

16.15E+09 5.51E+11 3.00E-03

132 50 823.97E+0

12.80E+09 1.78E+11 9.74E-04

Estimated target thickness for Sn isotopes

Experiments can be done nowwith 105 ions/s & 1017 deuterons

or 1022 beam-target nuclei

Reaction studies

Equipment Topics existing new

Fusion TOF-IC, gas-filled Enge

gas-filled spectrometer, neutron detectors, deflector, Wien fi lter, pulsed beams

Fusion SOLITAIRE : gas-filled solenoid QE, DI, fission Fusion-fission detector Transfer reaction ORRUBA S-ORRUBA Fusion, fusion-fission

Hercules, pulse beams

Neutron VANDLE, pulse beams Transfer reaction HELIOS, pulse beams

Fusion-fission detector•Detect and identify all binary reactions (fission, deep-inelastic, quasi-fission, scattering, etc) and if possible, evaporation residues

•Optimized for very exotic RIBs at low intensity (<50k ions/s) •Segmented-anode ionization chamber (IC) coupled with Si and CsI detectors

•IC dimensions (HxWxL) are 20 cm x 20 cm x 30 cm•Foil target located inside IC•Gas (CF4 ~ 40 Torr) of IC provides Z by energy loss•Si pixels and CsI (Anger Camera) provide energy and angular resolution (2°)

•Ion drift time and wires buried in anode structure provide additional position information

•Hit pattern and position suppresses beam-gas interactions•Isobar composition of beam from anodes upstream of target•Micro-channel plates provide time, triggers, beam counting, etc.•Expect 50% efficiency for binary reactions•Present system works mostly with inverse kinematic reactions and is sensitive to 1 mb cross-section for ERs; only 3-5% efficiency for fusion-fission and complicated by background

σCN = σcapture x PCNσER = σCN x WsurvivalFission barrier lower than

expected

ORRUBA Beamline

Oak Ridge Rutgers University Barrel Array (ORRUBA)•Transfer reactions such as inverse kinematics (d,p)•2 rings of 12 position sensitive ΔE-E telescopes (65 μm, 1000 μm)•Rings centered at 90° but can be repositioned•up to 432 channels of ASICs (Washington U. (St. Louis) electronics)

Beam line 35•Located next to the Enge Spectrograph•Intended to support ORRUBA and SIDAR, and perhaps the 1-meter scattering chamber•Partial funding from Center of Excellence for RIB Studies for Stewardship Science•Reduces demand on BL-21 which is a flexible beam line for general use and home to the large 1-m scattering chamber

Oak Ridge Rutgers University Oak Ridge Rutgers University

Barrel Array (ORRUBA)Barrel Array (ORRUBA)• ORRUBA gives ~80% coverage over the

range 47° →132°

• 2 rings – < 90°: 12 telescopes (1000m R + 65m NR)

– > 90°: 12 detectors (500m R)

• 324 channels total (288 front side, 36 back side)• HI beam

• Deuterated plastic targets

(d,p)

(p,p)

(d,d)

(C,C)

VANDLE (d,n) or decay experiments

Nov 13-14, 2009 HRIBF Workshop 1

165 keV

Versatile Array of Neutron Detectors at Low Energy

•2 size plastic scintillator bars•Small 60 x 3 x 3 cm bars for 150<En<2000 keV•Large 200 x 5 x 5 cm bars for 1<En<15 MeV

Efficiency measured at Ohio U. for one prototype small bar

Over 25% near 1 MeV

Can be arranged about 1 meter around target position, closer for small bars.

Topics Equipment   existing new

Properties at Closed Shells CARDS CERDA(78-Ni, beyond 132-Sn) CLARION GRETINA/GRETA

P_n values 3Hen , Vandle

Beta-Strength, Total Decay Energy MTAS / ORISS

Conversion Electron Spec. Segmented Si(Li)

Recoil lifetimes Plunger / Silicon CD

General Isobar Separator ORISS

Speculative Recirculator Storage Ring

Decay Studies

19

Beta-delayed neutron detector 3Hen•Nuclear structure•First detection of extremely neutron-rich nuclei•Isotopic abundances during r-process freeze-out•Nuclear reactor operation - β-delayed neutrons , isotopic abundances

•3He tubes preamps, HDPE structure, HV, and power supplies in-house•Require electronics (Pixie-16) which will be used for all decay spectroscopy work •Beta detection system

FF

GT

Competition between first-forbidden (FF) and Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions is observed through half-life and β-delayed neutron probabilities

ARRA funded ORNL Modular Total Absorption Spectrometer MTAS

~ 19 blocks hex shape, 20” long NaI(Tl)

photo-peakefficiency

total -efficiency

beta-strength function → nuclear structure

“decay heat” → nuclear reactors applications

ARRA funded Oak Ridge Isomer Separator and Spectrometer (ORISS)Tandem and OLTF → C70 and IRIS-2

ΔM/M ~ 1: 400,000 !!efficiency ~ 50%

50 pnA protons Multi-pass Time of Flightseparation for decay studies

OLTF

Compact Efficient Recoil Decay Array

• Joint UT/MSU/ORNL/Rutgers proposal.

• Beta, alpha, and proton decay studies are possible at rates as low as 1 particle per day.

• Array contains– A central planar Ge detector;– 16 clover detectors close-packed

around the central planar Ge detector.

• Ions are implanted into the central Ge detector and correlated with subsequent decays in space and time.

• Clover detectors arranged in two rings of eight around a central Ge DSSD for particle gated gamma-ray spectroscopy.

• High gamma-ray efficiency– ~25% at 1300 keV.– 55% at 100 keV

Topics Equipment   existing new

Direct Capture Reactions DRS

Decay Properties, P_n values CARDS 3Hen , Vandle of r-process nuclei, as far out as possible TOF mass values ~0.5 MeV ORISS

(d,n) reactions, e.g., 25-Al Vandle

(3-He,n) reactions 3He jet tgt, Vandle

Proton scattering Rxn’s LEDA/SIDAR/TUDA

Local Production of 7-Be, e.g. PossibleIsotope Production Facility

Nuclear Astrophysics

windowless gas cell to a gas jet target• Transfer reactions (3He,d), (3He,α), etc. on RIBs• Direct (α,p) cross-section measurements• Factor of 5 higher target densities (1019

atoms/cm2) • Localized target • (3He,d) populates single-particle states• (3He,p) and (3He,t) reactions• (3He,n) when coupled to VANDLE neutron

detector• (3He,α) reactions with n-rich beams e.g. 132Sn,

82Ge• (p,γ) with higher density targets• (d,p) with improved resolution

X-ray burst (α,p) and (p,γ) reactions for element synthesis

18Ne(α,p)21Na21Na(p,γ)22Mg22Mg(α,p)25Al25Al(p,γ)26Si26Si(α,p)29P29P(p,γ)30S30S(α,p)33Cl33Cl(p,γ)34Ar34Ar(α,p)37K37K(p,γ)38Ca Compressor

Gas purifierConcrete slabRoots blowerTurbo pumpGas nozzles and chambers

Application

Equipment Topics existing new

Surrogate reactions

Charge particle detectors Spin Spectrometer

C70 enhanced Applications

• Isotopes research– Little impact on the facility– Only beam time

• Surrogate reactions for applications– Charged particle detectors for reaction

product– Spin spectrometer useful to measure spin

distributions in compound system

Not enhanced by C70

• Tritium Beams– Charged particle detectors

• Normal and inverted kinematics• ORRUBA, ENGE spectrometer

– Tritium handling area• Preparation of sputter cones• Preparation of tritiated foils for targets• Use IRIS1 & 2 or new tritium injector line

• AMS– Detector is gas-filled Enge spectrometer, Bragg

counter• Artificial Joint Wear

– 7Be production

Conclusions• Enough equipment in place to make good

use of the new science opportunities of the C70 cyclotron upgrade.

• A number of new equipment are under construction or being planned to be used at HRIBF.

• A few new equipment has been identified.

• Efficient beam pulsing is needed.