instant history photography morrissey

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Instant History Lesson: Photography Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

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Starting lesson (presentation) for grade 8s - photography (visual arts). Early history outlining the key historical points of WHO, WHEN, and WHAT.

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Page 1: Instant history photography morrissey

Instant History Lesson: Photography

Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 2: Instant history photography morrissey

PHOTOGRAPHY

pho·tog·ra·phy n

1. the art, hobby, or profession of taking photographs, and developing and printing the film or processing the digitized array image

2. the process of recording images by exposing light-sensitive film or array to light or other forms of radiation

PHOTO = light GRAPHY = writing

Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 3: Instant history photography morrissey

Instant History Lesson

When: timeline of events

Who: artists & scientists

What: equipment & art

Look for the key points made in colour!Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 4: Instant history photography morrissey

1490The Camera Obscura, (translated as “dark room”), dates back to the Chinese philosopher Mo-Ti in the 5th century BC.

Reinerus Gemma-Frisius 1544

First documentation of the camera obscura is by Leonardo DaVinci in his 1490 writings. The physics behind this technology is simple: light reflects off objects outside; light bounces off the objects and channels into a small hole; the light enters a dark room and projects the outside objects upside down on a wall inside.

Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 5: Instant history photography morrissey

1614

Angelo Sala, a Dutch scientist, experimented with “silver salts”.

He published results in 1614 that powdered silver nitrate turns as black as ink when exposed to sun.

1567-1637

Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 6: Instant history photography morrissey

1661

Many chemists contributed to the advancement of the early work of Angelo Sala. Robert Boyle, a founder of the Royal Society of Photography, reported in 1661 that silver chloride turned dark due to exposure, at first thought due to air. Boyle is known today for “Boyles Law” which states that “the volume of a gas at constant temperature is proportional to its pressure”.

1627-1691

Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 7: Instant history photography morrissey

1727

Johann Heinrich Schulze, a professor of anatomy, discovered in 1727 that “silver salts”, specifically a piece of chalk dipped in silver nitrate, turned black from white when exposed to the sun. The unexposed side remained white. He experimented creating crude photographic impressions, but eventually it all turned black due to exposure.

1687-1744Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 8: Instant history photography morrissey

1802

The first well-documented attempts to produce photos using light sensitive materials in a camera were those of Thomas Wedgwood. Assisted by Sir Humphrey Davy, Wedgwood started experiments in 1795 and described his work in an 1802 published paper entitled “An Account of a Method of Copying Paintings Upon Glass, and of Making Profiles, by the Agency of Light Upon Nitrate of Silver” Although he made remarkable progress, he failed in keeping the image permanent. He called the images “sun prints”.

1771-1805

Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 9: Instant history photography morrissey

1826The first successful picture is produced by Joseph Nicephore Niepce in 1826 required an 8 hour exposure time.

It was a photo of a view from the Niece family house in Gras, France. Niece calling his pictures “heliographs” or sun drawing.

1776-1833

Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 10: Instant history photography morrissey

1835William Henry Fox Talbot developed permanent paper negatives in 1835. He calls it ”calotype” process, which allows for multiple printings, based on a paper negative. It is of a lesser quality than the succeeding Daguerreotype. Even though the Daguerreotype enjoyed more success during the early days of photography, the calotype system was the true forerunner of today’s modern photography process.

1780-1877

Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 11: Instant history photography morrissey

1839Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre first exposed silver-coated copper plates to iodine, obtaining silver iodide. Then he exposed them to light for several minutes. After that he coated the plate with mercury vapor heated to 75

Celsius, to amalgamate the mercury with the silver, finally fixing the image in salt water. These ideas led to the famous Daguerreotype developed in 1839.

Niece and Daguerre go into a 10-year partnership after Daguerre discovers a method to shorten exposure time to a half hour. Niece dies four years later and Daguerre carries on to invent glass plates and discovers that an image can be made permanent by immersing it in salt.

1787-1851

Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 12: Instant history photography morrissey

1842

The cyanotype process was developed by Sir John Herschel in 1842. Herschel undertook many early experiments in photography. He and Talbot corresponded regularly. The calotype process became more popular around 1900. Photographers sometimes used it as a means of getting a quick initial print or 'blueprint' of their work, perhaps making it in a hotel bedroom on location, before returning to their studio to make their final print.

1832-1940

Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 13: Instant history photography morrissey

1879

In 1880 George Eastman begins to commercially manufacture dry plates following his emulsion-coating machine invention in 1879 enabling the mass-production of photographic dry plates. This is the beginning of the Kodak empire with the launch of the Eastman Dry Plate Company.

1854-1932

Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 14: Instant history photography morrissey

1888George Eastman then introduces the "Kodak" box Camera in 1888 for the amateur market. It is loaded with 100 exposures on a film roll for $25. It is simple to operate with a three step process. Once exposed, the camera and the film are sent back to the Eastman Dry Plate and Film Co. for developing.

1854-1932

Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 15: Instant history photography morrissey

1893

Thomas Edison commissions W. K. L. Dickson to invent a motion-picture camera in 1887. In 1893 Dickson produces the Kinetograph camera. This device ensured intermittent but regular motion of the film strip with a regularly perforated celluloid film strip to ensure precise synchronization between the film strip and the shutter.

1854-1932 1860-1935

Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

Page 16: Instant history photography morrissey

Photographs 1824-1890

Photogramc. 1824

Heliographc. 1826

Calotypec. 1860

Daguerretypec. 1860

Tintypec. 1860

Glass Platec. 1890

Early equipment, simple composition, limited subject matter.

Page 17: Instant history photography morrissey

Photographs 1899-1912

Kinescopec. 1899

Kodak Filmc. 1909

Kodak no. 3c. 1910

Filmc. 1912

Advancing equipment, composed compositions, expanding subject matter.

Page 18: Instant history photography morrissey

Photographs 1924-1986

Film with studio lightingc. 1924

Negative manipulationc. 1969

c. 1978 c. 1986

c. 1932

c. 1940

Varying equipment, creative compositions, entertaining subject matter.

Page 19: Instant history photography morrissey

Photographs 1988-2006

c. 1988

c. 2000 c. 2004 c. 2006

c. 1991 c. 1996

Advanced equipment, artistic compositions, limitless subject matter.

Page 20: Instant history photography morrissey

Now go make history!

Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts