environmental impact assessment scoping report...cables for the connection. cable sealing end (cse)...

Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping ReportHinkley Point C Connection Project

April 2013

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SCOPING REPORT

Hinkley Point C Connection project

National Grid Warwick Technology Park Gallows Hill Warwick CV34 6DA

April 2013

(Document Reference: 1979.280)

Hinkley Point C Connection Project

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Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Purpose of the Report ................................................................................................... 7 1.2 The Need for Environmental Impact Assessment ......................................................... 7 1.3 Contents of the Scoping Report .................................................................................... 8 2 MAIN ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED....................... ............................................... 11 2.2 Need for the Hinkley Point C Connection .................................................................... 11 2.3 Strategic Options ........................................................................................................ 12 2.4 Route Corridor Study .................................................................................................. 12 2.5 Stage 1 and 2 Consultation ......................................................................................... 13 2.6 Stage 3 Consultation ................................................................................................... 14 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ....... ........................... 17 3.1 Current Project Status and Next Stages ..................................................................... 17 3.2 Project Description ...................................................................................................... 17 3.3 Location of the Development ...................................................................................... 18 3.4 400kV Overhead Line ................................................................................................. 19 3.5 400kV Underground Cables ........................................................................................ 24 3.6 Cable Sealing End Compounds .................................................................................. 26 3.7 Removal of the Existing 132kV Overhead Line ........................................................... 28 3.8 400/132kV GSP Substation ........................................................................................ 30 3.9 New 132kV Overhead Line ......................................................................................... 31 3.10 Construction of a 400kV substation at Aust ................................................................ 33 3.12 132kV Underground Cables between Nailsea and Portishead ................................... 36 4 APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ....... .......................... 41 4.1 Proposed Approach to the Environmental Impact Assessment .................................. 41 4.2 Magnitude of Effect ..................................................................................................... 42 4.3 Mitigation..................................................................................................................... 44 4.4 Residual Effects .......................................................................................................... 44 5 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL ASSESSMENT ................... .......................................... 49 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 49 5.2 Data Sources and Policy Context ............................................................................... 49 5.3 Existing Environment .................................................................................................. 50 5.4 Characteristics of Potential Effects ............................................................................. 68 5.5 Proposed Approach and Method ................................................................................ 70 5.6 Assessing Significance of Effect ................................................................................. 80 5.7 Inter-Relationship of Effects ........................................................................................ 81 5.8 Cumulative Effects ...................................................................................................... 81 5.9 Digital Model and Photomontage ................................................................................ 82 5.10 Reporting .................................................................................................................... 82 6 BIODIVERSITY AND NATURE CONSERVATION .............. ...................................... 83 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 83 6.2 Data Sources and Policy Context ............................................................................... 83 6.3 Existing Environment .................................................................................................. 84 6.4 Characteristics of Potential Effects ............................................................................. 93 6.5 Proposed Approach and Method ................................................................................ 93 6.6 Assessing the Significance of Effects ....................................................................... 103 6.7 Inter-Relationship of Effects ...................................................................................... 105 6.8 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................................... 105 6.9 Habitats Regulations Assessments ........................................................................... 105


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6.10 Reporting .................................................................................................................. 106 7 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................... 107 7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 107 7.2 Data Sources and Policy Context ............................................................................. 108 7.3 Existing Environment (Known Historic Environment Resource) ................................ 110 7.4 Characteristics of Potential Effects of the Proposed Development ........................... 114 7.5 Proposed Approach and Method .............................................................................. 117 7.6 Assessing Significance of Effect ............................................................................... 125 7.7 Inter-relationship of Effects ....................................................................................... 130 7.8 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................................... 130 7.9 Reporting .................................................................................................................. 130 8 GEOLOGICAL CONSERVATION ........................... ................................................. 133 8.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 133 8.2 Data Sources and Policy Context ............................................................................. 133 8.3 Existing Environment ................................................................................................ 133 8.4 Characteristics of Potential Effects ........................................................................... 134 8.5 Proposed Approach and Method .............................................................................. 134 8.6 Assessing Significance of Effects ............................................................................. 136 8.7 Inter-relationship of Effects ....................................................................................... 137 8.8 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................................... 137 8.9 Reporting .................................................................................................................. 138 9 FLOOD RISK, WATER QUALITY AND RESOURCES ........... ................................. 139 9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 139 9.2 Data Sources and Policy Context ............................................................................. 139 9.3 Existing Environment ................................................................................................ 139 9.4 Characteristics of Potential Effects ........................................................................... 140 9.5 Proposed Approach and Method .............................................................................. 142 9.6 Assessing the Significance of Effects ....................................................................... 145 9.7 Inter-relationship of Effects ....................................................................................... 147 9.8 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................................... 147 9.9 Reporting .................................................................................................................. 147 10 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT ............................. ...................................................... 149 10.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 149 10.2 Data Sources and Policy Context ............................................................................. 149 10.3 Existing Environment ................................................................................................ 149 10.4 Characteristics of the Potential Effects ..................................................................... 160 10.5 Proposed Approach and Method .............................................................................. 161 10.6 Assessing Significance of Effects ............................................................................. 165 10.7 Inter-relationship of Effects ....................................................................................... 167 10.8 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................................... 167 11 AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS ......................... .................................................... 169 11.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 169 11.2 Data Sources and Policy Context ............................................................................. 169 11.3 Existing Environment ................................................................................................ 170 11.4 Characteristics of Potential Effects ........................................................................... 170 11.5 Proposed Approach and Method .............................................................................. 170 11.6 Assessing Significance of Effects ............................................................................. 173 11.7 Inter-relationship of Effects ....................................................................................... 175 11.8 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................................... 175 11.9 Reporting .................................................................................................................. 175


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12 NOISE AND VIBRATION ............................... .......................................................... 177 12.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 177 12.2 Data sources and Policy Context .............................................................................. 177 12.3 Existing environment ................................................................................................. 177 12.4 Characteristics of Potential Effects ........................................................................... 177 12.5 Proposed Approach and Method .............................................................................. 180 12.6 Assessing Significance of Effects ............................................................................. 182 12.7 Inter-relationship of Effects ....................................................................................... 183 12.8 Cumulative Impacts .................................................................................................. 183 12.9 Reporting .................................................................................................................. 183 13 SOCIO-ECONOMICS AND LAND USE ...................... ............................................. 185 13.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 185 13.2 Data Sources and Policy Context ............................................................................. 185 13.3 Existing Environment ................................................................................................ 185 13.4 Characteristics of Potential Effects ........................................................................... 194 13.5 Proposed Approach and Method .............................................................................. 196 13.6 Assessing Significance of Effects ............................................................................. 205 13.7 Inter-relationship of Effects ....................................................................................... 208 13.8 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................................... 208 13.9 Reporting .................................................................................................................. 208 14 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS AND ELECTRO MAGNETIC

COMPATABILITY ..................................... ............................................................... 211 14.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 211 14.2 Data Sources and Policy Context ............................................................................. 211 14.3 Existing environment ................................................................................................. 212 14.4 Characteristics of Potential Effects ........................................................................... 212 14.5 Proposed Approach and Method .............................................................................. 214 14.6 Assessing Significance of Effects ............................................................................. 215 14.7 Inter-relationship of Effects or indirect effects ........................................................... 215 14.8 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................................... 215 14.9 Reporting .................................................................................................................. 216 15 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS PROPOSED TO BE SCOPED OUT OF THE EIA .. 217 16 CONTENTS AND SCOPE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT . .................. 219 16.1 Structure of the Environmental Statement ................................................................ 219

APPENDICES (Presented in separate document)

Appendix A Notes of Landscape and Views Thematic Group Scoping Meetings Appendix B Notes of Ecology and Biodiversity Thematic Group Sc oping

Meetings Appendix C Ecological Target Notes Appendix D Notes of Historic Environment Thematic Group Scoping Meetings Appendix E Certificate of Conformity


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FIGURES (Presented in separate document)

Figure 1 Location Plan Figure 2 Red Line Boundary Figure 3 Development Proposals Figure 4 Removal of Existing Western Power Distribution 132k V Overhead

Line Figure 5 Generic Layout of Sandford 400/132kV GSP Substation Figure 6 Generic Layout of Aust 400kV Substation Figure 7 Environmental Constraints Figure 8 Typical Pylon Elevations Figure 9 Working Area of Suspension and Tension Pylons Figure 10 Cross Section of the Working Area of an Underground Cable Figure 11 Generic Layout of a Cable Sealing End Compound Figure 1 2 Landscape Character Areas Figure 1 3 Topography Figure 1 4 Init ial Visual Assessment Figure 1 5 Zone of Theoretical Visual Influence Figure 1 6 Ecological Desktop Records Figure 1 7 Ecological Designations Figure 1 8 Phase 1 Habitat Survey Figure 1 9 Phase 1 Habitat Survey Target Notes Figure 20 National Vegetation Classification Survey Locations Figure 21 Location of Vantage Points Figure 22 Winter Bird Survey Locations 2009 - 2012 Figure 23 Breeding Bird Visits 1 and 2 Figure 24 Dormouse Survey Locations Figure 25 2010 Bat Species Records – Annex II Bat Species Figure 26 2010 Bat Species Records – Pipestrelle Bat Species Figure 27 2010 Bat Species Records – Other Bat Species Figure 28 2012 Bat Species Records – Annex II Bat Species Figure 29 2010 Bat Species Records – Pipestrelle Bat Species Figure 30 2010 Bat Species Records – Other Bat Species Figure 31 Static Bat Recorder Locations and Results Figure 32 Initial Assessment of Trees for Bat Potential Figure 33 Heritage Designations Figure 34 Socio -Economic – LSOA and Wards


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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of the Report

1.1.1 National Grid Electricity Transmission plc (National Grid) is preparing an application for an Order to grant Development Consent (DCO) under Section 37 of the Planning Act 2008 to the Planning Inspectorate (PINS) to develop a new 400,000 volt (400kV) connection between Bridgwater, Somerset and Seabank Substation, north of Avonmouth. The proposed development is in the counties of Somerset, North Somerset, City of Bristol and South Gloucestershire in the southwest of England, as shown at Figure 1.

1.1.1. National Grid is proposing to use a combination of overhead line and underground cables for the connection. Cable sealing end (CSE) compounds are proposed at each interface point between the overhead and underground connections. The proposal includes the removal of the existing 132kV overhead line which is owned and operated by Western Power Distribution (WPD) between Bridgwater Substation and Avonmouth Substation. To replace the connection of the removed 132kV overhead line, National Gird is proposing to construct a new 400kV/132kV grid supply point (GSP) substation on a site to the west of Nye Road, Sandford, North Somerset and a 132kV overhead line connection of approximately 2km between the substation and an existing 132kV overhead line known as the ‘AT Route’. The proposal also includes the construction of a new 400kV substation at Aust in South Gloucestershire, modifications to the existing overhead lines in the vicinity of the proposed Hinkley Point C nuclear power station and the removal and undergrounding of approximately 8km of a 132kV overhead line known as the ‘W Route’ between the settlement of Nailsea and WPS’s existing Portishead substation. These proposals are referred to collectively throughout this report as ‘the proposed development.’ The proposed development will include temporary and permanent access tracks, temporary construction compounds and other associated works. Figure 2 illustrates the ‘red line boundary’, detailing the presently anticipated extent of development for which permission will be sought in the DCO. The extent of the red line boundary may be altered prior to the submission of the DCO application based on detailed design matters and representations received during consultation.

1.1.3 The DCO application will be accompanied by an Environmental Statement (ES) in accordance with the Infrastructure Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2009 (‘the 2009 EIA Regulations’), as amended by the Infrastructure Planning (EIA) (Amendment) Regulations 2012.

1.1.4 This report provides information regarding the proposed scope of the EIA to be reported in the ES and accompanies National Grid’s request to PINS for a Scoping Opinion under Regulation 8 (1) of the 2009 EIA Regulations.

1.2 The Need for Environmental Impact Assessment

1.2.1 The proposed development is a Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project (NSIP) as defined by the Planning Act 2008. The development falls within Schedule 2 of the 2009 EIA Regulations. National Grid has informed PINS of its intention to make an application for development consent and its intention to undertake an EIA due to the nature, size and location of the proposed development.


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1.3 Contents of the Scoping Report

1.3.1 This scoping report has been prepared in accordance with The Planning Inspectorate’s Advice Note 71. The following chapters in this scoping report include:

• Main alternatives considered – outlines the main alternatives considered and the reasons for selecting a preferred option;

• Characteristics of the proposed development – outlines the type of development proposed and the specific characteristics of the proposed development (assuming worst case e.g. maximum dimensions of a component);

• Approach to the Environmental Impact Assessment – outlines the need for an EIA, the proposed approach to the EIA and the key topics covered as part of this scoping exercise;

• Environmental topic scopes – outlines the existing environment supported by results of desktop studies where available; an indication of where significant effects are likely to arise; any designated nature conservation sites that are likely to be significantly affected by the proposed development; the guidance and best practice to be relied upon and whether this has been agreed with relevant bodies; the proposed method and approach to predict impacts and the significance criteria framework to be used; an indication of when mitigation will be proposed and types of mitigation where known; predicted residual impacts; and outlines how inter-relationships of effect and cumulative effects will be taken into account in the ES; and

• Contents of the Environmental Statement – outlines the structure of the proposed ES. Also outlines matters to be scoped out and provides full justification for matters scoped out.

1.3.2 In accordance with Advice Note 7 (page 4), the following drawings accompany this scoping report:

• Figure 1 - Location Plan – location of the proposed development; • Figure 2 - Red Line Boundary – the indicative boundary for the DCO application

including any permanent and temporary land take required; • Figure 3 – Development Proposals – part of the proposed development; • Figure 4 – Removal of Existing Western Power Distribution 132kV Overhead

Line – part of the proposed development; • Figure 5 – Generic Layout of Sandford 400/132kV GSP Substation • Figure 6 – Generic Layout of Aust 400kV Substation • Figure 7 – Environmental Constraints – planning constraints and designated

areas; • Figure 8 – Typical Pylon Elevations • Figure 9 – Working Area of Suspension and Tension Pylons • Figure 10 – Cross Section of the Working Area of an Underground Cable • Figure 11 – Generic Layout of a Cable Sealing End Compound • Figure 12 – Landscape Character Areas • Figure 13 – Topography

1 The Planning Inspectorate: Advice Note 7: Environmental Impact Assessment: Screening and Scoping: April 2012.


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• Figure 14 - Initial Visual Assessment • Figure 15 - Zone of Theoretical Visual Influence • Figure 16 - Ecological Desktop Records • Figure 17 - Ecological Designations • Figure 18 - Phase 1 Habitat Survey • Figure 19 - Phase 1 Habitat Survey Target Notes • Figure 20 - National Vegetation Classification Survey Locations • Figure 21 - Location of Vantage Points • Figure 22 - Winter Bird Survey Locations 2009 - 2012 • Figure 23 - Breeding Bird Visits 1 and 2 • Figure 24 - Dormouse Survey Locations • Figure 25 - 2010 Bat Species Records – Annex II Bat Species • Figure 26 - 2010 Bat Species Records – Pipestrelle Bat Species • Figure 27 - 2010 Bat Species Records – Other Bat Species • Figure 28 - 2012 Bat Species Records – Annex II Bat Species • Figure 29 - 2010 Bat Species Records – Pipestrelle Bat Species • Figure 30 - 2010 Bat Species Records – Other Bat Species • Figure 31 - Static Bat Recorder Locations and Results • Figure 32 - Initial Assessment of Trees for Bat Potential • Figure 33 - Heritage Designations • Figure 34 - Socio-Economic – LSOA and Wards

1.3.3 This information is unsuitable to collate onto one figure. Separate figures have been provided detailing the different components of the proposed development at a recognisable scale. Ordinance Survey grid references for the proposed development have been provided on the Figures.


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2 MAIN ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED

2.1.1 This section sets out the need for the Hinkley Point C Connection Project and sets out an outline of the alternatives considered that would meet the need for the project and the reasons for selecting the preferred option.

2.2 Need for the Hinkley Point C Connection

2.2.1 National Grid operates the high voltage electricity transmission system in Great Britain and owns the system in England and Wales. The system operates at 400kV and 275kV and connects electricity generators to substations where the high voltages are transformed to lower voltages. The power from these substations is then distributed to homes and businesses by local Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) whose network operates at a maximum of 132kV. The DNO in the South West England is Western Power Distribution (WPD).

2.2.2 The existing transmission system in South West England, South Wales and Gloucestershire is sufficient to comply with the National Electricity Transmission System Security and Quality of Supply Standard (NETS SQSS) for current levels of generation and demand. However, the electricity industry is undergoing unprecedented changes in the drive towards a low-carbon economy, which is seeing major investment in low-carbon generation. These new generation projects need connections to the transmission system.

2.2.3 In September 2007, National Grid received an application for the connection of a new nuclear power station at Hinkley Point, Somerset (Hinkley Point C) to the high voltage electricity transmission system. Under the terms of its transmission licence National Grid is obliged to make an offer of connection in response to each valid application made.

2.2.4 In assessing the transmission requirements relevant to South West England, South Wales and Gloucestershire, National Grid has identified that the existing transmission system will not be sufficient from 2019 to accommodate the planned connection of new power stations. By 2019 the region will require new transmission capacity in excess of 2300 MW to comply with the requirements of the NETS SQSS and up to 4000 MW by 2023.

2.2.5 Through the terms of its transmission licence and obligations in the Electricity Act 1989, National Grid is required to operate its transmission system in an efficient, co-ordinated and economical manner whilst having regard to the preservation of amenity2.

2 Schedule 9 to the Electricity Act 1989 requires National Grid to “have regard to the desirability of preserving natural beauty, of conserving flora, fauna, and geological or physiographical features of special interest and of protecting sites, buildings and objects of architectural, historic or archaeological interest: and shall do what [it] reasonably can to mitigate any effect which the proposals would have on the natural beauty of the countryside or on any such flora, fauna, features, sites, buildings or objects”.


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2.2.6 A detailed explanation of the need for the project is contained in National Grid document ‘Need Case for the South West and the South Wales and Gloucestershire Regions3 (October 2012) ‘.

2.3 Strategic Options

2.3.1 National Grid considered options for developing a new 400kV transmission connection in South West England. The options were evaluated at workshops involving representatives from National Grid’s internal specialist teams and its alliance partners. The results of the strategic optioneering exercise are presented in a separate report4 which was reviewed in 20115, and sets out the details of the main alternatives that were considered by National Grid and the reasons for selecting the preferred option.

2.3.2 The conclusion of the studies was that the option of constructing a new 400kV overhead line connection between Bridgwater and Seabank would best achieve a balance between National Grid's technical, economic and environmental obligations and should be taken forward as the preferred strategic option. This decision took account of National Grid's statutory obligations, its licence requirements and all other relevant considerations, including relevant National Policy Statements. However, National Grid recognised that due to amenity issues in some areas sections of the proposed connection may need to be placed underground and that these and other mitigation measures would be investigated going forward.

2.4 Route Corridor Study

2.4.1 Having identified that the preferred connection would be based on a new 400kV overhead line between Bridgwater and Seabank a Route Corridor Study (RCS) was commissioned from environmental consultants The Environment Partnership Limited (TEP) to identify possible route corridors between these locations and to assess how these corridors performed against National Grid's obligations set out in Sections 9 and 38 of the Electricity Act 1989. A detailed desk based assessment, supplemented with site visits, was used to generate potential route corridors which sought to avoid environmental constraints.

2.4.2 The RCS identified and compared potential route corridors, taking into account National Grid's commitments as set out in its Stakeholder, Community and Amenity policy6. In particular, it presented an assessment of the potential impacts of an overhead line connection in each corridor on environmental constraints within and

3 National Grid: Hinkley Point C Connection Project Need Case for the South West, South Wales and Gloucestershire Regions (October 2012) http://www.hinkleyconnection.co.uk/library.aspx

4 National Grid: Hinkley Point C Connection: Strategic Optioneering Report: December 2009 http://www.nationalgrid.com/NR/rdonlyres/B8E33312-3BA0-4A66-A51A-28932554A647/38744/HinckleyPointCStrategicoptioneeringreportv3.pdf

5 National Grid: Hinkley Point C Connection: Strategic Optioneering Report: August 2011 http://www.nationalgrid.com/NR/rdonlyres/A3CAB454-6019-409C-A8A6-397475CE4736/49290/StrategicOptioneeringReportAugust2011.pdf

6 National Grid plc: National Grid's commitments when undertaking works in the UK - our Stakeholder, Community and Amenity policy (February 2010).


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in the wider vicinity of the study area. The environmental constraints considered were:

• Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty; • World Heritage Sites; • Sites of Special Scientific Interest; • Special Protection Areas; • Special Areas of Conservation; • Ramsar sites; • National Nature Reserves; • Woodlands; • Scheduled Monuments; • Settlements, including conservation areas and listed buildings; • Registered Parks and Gardens; • Registered Battlefields; • Development Plan allocations for housing • Minerals sites; • Airfields; • Topography; • Landscape character, including impact on historic landscape; and • Views.

2.4.3 The RCS identified two broad corridors between Bridgwater and Seabank and concluded that Corridor 1 Option 1A was the least environmentally constrained corridor as it would result in the replacement of an existing 132kV overhead line with a higher voltage 400kV overhead line. The relatively wide corridor identified for much of the route would also allow an alignment to be identified which would seek to minimise the scale of change and effects on the environment. The RCS is separately reported7.

2.5 Stage 1 and 2 Consultation

2.5.1 The RCS formed the basis of an extensive consultation exercise. The consultation was informed by relevant government guidance, specifically Department of Communities and Local Government’s ‘Consultation on the Pre-Application Consultation and Application Procedures for Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects’8 . The approach to consultation was developed in consultation with Somerset County Council, West Somerset Council, North Somerset Council, Bristol City Council, South Gloucestershire Council and South Gloucestershire Council.

2.5.2 Public consultation on the route corridors commenced in October 2009. National Grid received over 8,000 individual pieces of feedback during the Stage 1 Consultation. All of the responses were taken into account and in September 2011 National Grid issued its Selection of Preferred Connection Report9 and announced

7 TEP: Route Corridor Study for Public Consultation (October 2009).

8 Department of Communities and Local Government: Planning Act 2008 Consultation on the Pre-Application Consultation and Application Procedures for Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (March 2009)

9 National Grid: Hinkley Point C Connection Project Selection of Preferred Connection Report (August 2011).


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that Corridor 1 Option 1A should form the basis for developing an overhead line between Bridgwater and Seabank with the following exceptions:

• Horsey to Woolavington (Corridor 2); • Tickenham Ridge to Portishead (Corridor 2); and • Avonmouth substation and Seabank substation (Corridor 1B/Corridor 2).

2.5.3 It was recognised that this option would involve the removal of the existing WPD 132kV overhead line between Bridgwater and Avonmouth substations and that a new 400kV/132kV substation and additional works to the 132kV distribution network may be required to maintain security of supply to the 132kV distribution network.

2.5.4 The Selection of Preferred Connection Report included a commitment that further studies would be undertaken to evaluate whether the undergrounding of sections of the proposed 400kV overhead line may be appropriate to mitigate the potential impacts of the scheme on sensitive locations, including within the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), and be subject to further consultation. The Selection of Preferred Corridor Report also included the commitment to undertake further studies to determine the extent and location of works required to maintain supplies on the 132kV distribution network, also to be subject to additional consultation.

2.6 Stage 3 Consultation

Distribution System Options Report and Substation S iting Study

2.6.1 After the announcement of the preferred route corridor in September 2011, National Grid undertook further studies to consider the various options for maintaining supplies to the distribution network. National Grid and WPD produced a Distribution System Options Report (DSOR)10. The Report concluded that an option which incorporates a new 400/132kV grid supply point (GSP) substation in the Churchill/Sandford area would be the most efficient, co-ordinated and economical option, whilst giving rise to fewer overall environmental effects than the other options considered and should be taken forward for further investigation. The Report proposed that detailed studies should be undertaken to identify potential locations for a new 400/132kV GSP substation in the area between Sandford and Churchill, but focused close to the corridor of the proposed 400kV connection to minimise the amount of additional infrastructure required.

2.6.2 In response to the findings of the DSOR a Substation Siting Study11 was produced to identify and assess options for siting the 400/132kV GSP substation in the Churchill/Sandford area of North Somerset. All options were assessed against the following criteria: technical implications; environmental effects; socio-economic impacts; and cost. This Study concluded that a new GSP substation in an area of search to the West of Nye Road to the north of Sandford represents the least

10 National Grid and Western Power Distribution: Hinkley Point C Connection Project Distribution System Options Report (December 2011).

11 TEP: Hinkley Point C Connection Project Churchill/Sandford Grid Supply Point Substation Siting Study (May 2012).


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environmentally constrained option primarily because it would minimise the extent of new 400kV connections and infrastructure required. The findings of these studies were subject to public consultation between 5th June and the 23rd July 2012.

Connection Options Report

2.6.3 Following the preferred route corridor announcement in September 2011, National Grid also undertook further studies to evaluate whether the use of underground cables instead of an overhead line could be justified for parts of the route. To assist in this process and to manage assessment and presentation of environmental information the linear connection was split into seven Study Areas.

2.6.4 To inform assessments, National Grid undertook additional investigations of a range of environmental topics. These studies have been informed by inputs from three Local Community Forums (South, Mendips and North) and three Thematic Groups (Landscape and Views, Ecology and Biodiversity and Historic Environment). National Grid also took into account representations received to its Stage 1 Consultation, when a large number of views were expressed which favoured undergrounding all or part of the route.

2.6.5 Within each of the study areas, National Grid identified a number of technically feasible overhead line alignments and an underground cables route. The Connection Options Report (COR)12 explains how National Grid took account of statutory duties, policy considerations, environmental, socio-economic, technical and cost issues in deciding how the connection should be installed (overhead or underground) and its appropriate alignment in each Study Area.

2.6.6 The COR concluded that underground cables should form the basis for developing a connection within the Mendip Hills AONB as it was considered that an overhead line would not positively contribute to the purpose of the AONB designation to ‘conserve and enhance natural beauty’. The COR also concluded that the benefits of undergrounding in this nationally designated landscape will ‘clearly outweigh any extra economic, social and environmental impacts’13. A CSE compound would be required outside the boundary of the AONB to facilitate the transition between overhead lines and underground cables.

2.6.7 In response to the findings of the COR a CSE siting study was undertaken to examine and assess the options for locating a new CSE compound to the north and south of the Mendip Hills AONB. Three potential CSE sites to the south and two to the north of the AONB were identified and were assessed against a range of criteria. This Study concluded that to the south of the Mendip Hills AONB Area B (Land adjacent to the M5 motorway south of the River Axe) was the least environmentally constrained area for a CSE compound due to the screening and sense of enclosure provided by the M5 motorway, the Hams Lane road bridge and trees along the north western boundary of the site. To the north of the AONB the

12 National Grid: Hinkley Point C Connection Project Connection Options Report (November 2012).

13 Department of Energy Climate Change: National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5) paragraph 2.8.9 (July 2011)


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Study concluded that connecting the underground cables directly into the proposed Sandford Substation would represent the least environmentally constrained option as it would remove the requirement for a separate CSE compound. The CSE Siting Study is separately reported14.

Connection Options Report Consultation

2.6.8 Consultation was undertaken between 6th November and 18th December 2012 to obtain comments from statutory bodies, other agencies, landowners and the general public on the COR.

2.6.9 All of the responses were taken into account and in March 2013 National Grid confirmed its “preferred alignment” where it proposes to build an overhead line and underground cables. A summary of the representations received during the consultation and National Grid’s response were presented in the COR – Consultation Feedback Report15. This report shows how National Grid has taken account of the issues raised during the consultation and details the process and the judgments made in arriving at the preferred alignment, using both overhead lines and underground cables.

2.6.10 In response to representations received, National Grid made changes to its proposals as compared to the draft alignment in the COR. These changes and the reasons for them are detailed in the Stage 3 Consultation Feedback Report which can be found on the Hinkley project website16. The most significant of the changes to the draft alignment is in Avonmouth where it was brought to National Grid’s attention that the draft route oversailed a site that experiences uncontrolled explosions. Routing a high voltage overhead line over this site has the potential to have serious safety issues which may affect the operation of a key transmission circuit on the National Grid network. As a result, an alternative overhead line route that avoids this site by exiting the Port to the south of King Road Avenue, routeing through an industrial area north of Avonmouth village and then adopting a route close to the M49 motorway has been developed and will be taken forward during the next stage in consultation.

2.6.11 The COR explains the reasons why the proposed development is the preferred option. The judgements made on the preferred option have taken account of advice in National Policy Statements EN-1 and EN-5. The preference to use underground cables for part of the connection and their alignment have been identified taking account of the landscape in which the proposed connection would be set, together with the additional cost and environmental and archaeological consequences of undergrounding.

14 National Grid: Hinkley Point C Connection project: Cable Sealing End Siting Study (October 2012).

15 National Grid: Hinkley Connection Project Connection Options Report: Consultation Feedback (March 2013)

16 http://www.hinkleyconnection.co.uk/library.aspx


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3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

3.1 Current Project Status and Next Stages

3.1.1 National Grid has confirmed its preferred alignment together with its preferred sites for CSE compounds and substations (the proposed development). For this scoping report the ‘Study Areas’ have been renamed as ‘Sections’ to avoid confusion with the term ‘study area’ in EIAs, which is typically used to define the area to be assessed. This Scoping Report assumes that the EIA will be based on these ‘Sections’ as set out below and shown at Figure 1 to manage assessment and presentation of environmental information.

• Section A – Puriton Ridge; • Section B – Somerset Levels and Moors South; • Section C – Mendip Hills; • Section D – Somerset Levels and Moors North; • Section E – Tickenham Ridge; • Section F – Portishead; and • Section G – Avonmouth. • Sandford Substation and Associated 132kV Connections; • Hinkley Point Line Entries; and • Aust Substation.

3.1.2 The findings of the EIA of the proposed development will be reported in an ES which will accompany the DCO application. Whilst the sections outlined above will be used to manage the assessment and presentation of environmental information the ES will provide an assessment of the impacts of the proposed development as a whole to enable a clear understanding of the physical extent of the potential impacts arising from the development.

3.2 Project Description

3.2.1 The proposed development (Figure 3) includes the following principal elements:

• Construction of a 400kV overhead line; • Installation of 400kV underground cables; • Construction of three 400kV CSE compounds; • The removal of an existing 132kV overhead line between Bridgwater Substation

and Avonmouth Substation (Figure 4); • Construction of a 400/132kV Grid Supply Point (GSP) substation on land

adjacent to Nye Road, North Somerset (Figure 5); • Construction of a 132kV overhead line between the proposed 400/132kV

substation and the existing AT Route overhead line; • Modifications to existing overhead lines in the vicinity of the proposed Hinkley

Point C Power Station; • Construction of a 400kV substation at Aust, South Gloucestershire (Figure 6); • Extension of the existing 400kV substation at Seabank; • Installation of 132kV underground cables between Nailsea and Portishead

Substation; and • Associated works, for example, temporary access roads, highway works,

construction compounds, work sites and ancillary works.


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3.2.2 The proposed connection will be between the existing Hinkley Point to Bridgwater overhead line (VQ Route) in Sedgemoor District Council, Somerset (OS Grid Reference 331940, 139657) and the existing 400kV Seabank substation in the City of Bristol (OS Grid Reference 353640, 182233). The proposed connection will be approximately 54.4km long and will comprise a 400kV overhead line and underground cables. Three CSE compounds are required at the points where the overhead lines connect to the underground cables and vice versa.

3.2.3 As part of the proposed development, an existing 132kV overhead line owned and operated by WPD will be removed between Bridgwater Substation and Avonmouth Substation. As a result of the removal of the 132kV overhead line, a new 400/132kV GSP substation is required on land adjacent to Nye Road to the north of Sandford, North Somerset. To maintain connections to the existing distribution network a 132kV overhead line connection is also required between the proposed substation and an existing 132kV AT Route overhead line.

3.2.4 To facilitate the connection of the proposed Hinkley Point C Power Station to the high voltage transmission network National Grid is proposing to construct a 400kV substation (Shurton Substation) within the boundary of the power station complex. This substation formed part of an application for an Order granting Development Consent by EDF Energy in November 2011 (currently under consideration by the Secretary of State). To connect the proposed Shurton substation to the transmission network the existing 400kV overhead lines in the vicinity of the power station complex will need to be diverted into the new substation and a new overhead line constructed between the proposed Shurton Substation and the existing Hinkley Substation (at Hinkley Point B power station).

3.2.5 As a result of the connection of new power stations in the South West, South Wales and Gloucestershire regions a new substation is required to resolve technical issues on the transmission system between South Wales and South Gloucestershire. The proposed substation would be sited adjacent to National Grid’s existing CSE compound at Aust, South Gloucestershire.

3.2.6 To facilitate connection of the 400kV circuits into Seabank National Grid is proposing to extend the existing substation compound and substation building to accommodate additional electrical plant and equipment.

3.2.7 To facilitate construction of the 400kV overhead line across Tickenham Ridge (Section E) a second 132kV overhead line owned and operated by WPD (the ‘W Route’) will be removed for approximately 8km from south west of Nailsea to Portishead substation. This overhead line forms an essential part of the WPD distribution network in North Somerset and would be replaced by 132kV underground cables.

3.3 Location of the Development

3.3.1 The proposed development is in south west England and crosses the administrative boundaries of the following district and county authorities:

• West Somerset District Council – Somerset County Council; • Sedgemoor District Council – Somerset County Council; • North Somerset Council; • Bristol City Council; and • South Gloucestershire Council.


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3.3.2 The area is predominantly rural, with much of the land comprising pastoral fields. Built development is largely focused along the Severn Estuary to the west of the proposed development and includes key settlements at Bridgwater, Burnham-on-Sea, Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon, Portishead and Avonmouth. Smaller towns and villages are dispersed widely throughout the area. There are hamlets and individual residential properties within or adjacent to the proposed development areas.

3.3.3 The area is defined by a series of prominent ridges which run east to west and include: the Puriton Ridge, north of Bridgwater; the Mendip Hills east of Weston-super-Mare and Tickenham Ridge north of Nailsea. There are expanses of low open ground between the ridges.

3.3.4 The main roads in the wider area include the M5 and M49 motorways and the A370, A38, A39 and the A369 which provide links to Bristol. The local road network comprises minor roads and narrow rural lanes which link smaller villages and individual properties and connect to the main roads.

3.3.5 Environmental designations within the development area are illustrated at Figure 7. The Mendip Hills AONB lies in the centre of the route and extends across the preferred alignment. The AONB is designated for its landscape and scenic importance although the Mendip Hills are also valued for the many industrial archaeological sites reflecting the lead, coal and cloth industries. The Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in the development area are Biddle Street, Yatton SSSI, Tickenham Nailsea and Kenn Moors SSSI and the River Avon SSSI (which forms part of the Severn Estuary Special Protection Area (SPA) and Ramsar site). There are many Listed Buildings within and adjacent the development area.

3.3.6 The internationally designated sites of the Severn Estuary (SPA, Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and Ramsar), Somerset Levels and Moors (SPA and Ramsar), the North Somerset and Mendip Bats SAC and the Mendip Limestone Grasslands SAC lie to the east and west of the proposed development.

3.3.7 The paragraphs below provide a brief description of each aspect of the proposed development and include a description of construction methods, operational and maintenance methods and decommissioning methods. The preferred design for the underground cables, overhead line, CSE compounds, substations and 132kV connections are to be confirmed based on environmental and technical studies and where appropriate, influenced by consultation. The description of the proposed development is based on current technology available to the project. National Grid will review the project proposals if new technology becomes available within the timescales leading up to the DCO application. The following information is provided to guide the environmental assessments although this is likely to be subject to some refinement before the DCO application is made. The scope of the environmental assessments for the EIA incorporate caveats to ensure any changes in the design of the proposed development can be captured in the environmental assessments.

3.4 400kV Overhead Line

Description

3.4.1 It is currently anticipated that the overhead line will comprise twin redwood conductors supported by either steel lattice pylons of an L12 design or the T pylon (see Figure 8). The likely approved design will have the following characteristics:


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• Suspension pylons (which support the overhead line in a straight line), tension pylons (which support the overhead line where the line changes direction) and terminal pylons (which support the overhead line when the line is connected to substations or underground cables via a CSE compound);

• Standard height for a tension, terminal and suspension pylon of approximately 47m for an L12 lattice pylon and 35m for a T pylon (pylon heights can vary according to environmental conditions e.g. taller to avoid navigable rivers);

• Typical base footprint of approximately 7m x 7m for an L12 design (total area enclosed by pylon base comprising four stub foundations) and 2m x 2m for a T pylon; and

• Typical span between pylons of approximately 360m (distance between pylon spans will vary according to the size of the pylon being built and the route).

Section A – Puriton Ridge

3.4.2 The proposed overhead line starts at the existing Hinkley Point and Bridgwater 275kV overhead line (VQ Route) (which will be uprated to 400kV operation) (OS Grid Ref 331940, 139657) and extends north to Woolavington Road. At the point of connection with the VQ Route two single circuit CSE compounds are required to allow a crossing of the electrical circuits. The route travels north crossing the Kings Sedgemoor Drain and A39 before traversing Puriton Ridge where it passes between gaps in woodlands.

Section B – Somerset Levels and Moors South

3.4.3 The proposed overhead line continues north from Woolavington Road, passing to the east of the former Royal Ordinance Factory (the proposed site of the Puriton Energy Park) before connecting to the existing Hinkley Point to Melksham overhead line (ZG Route). To the north of the ZG Route the overhead line crosses the Huntspill River and the linear settlements of Mark Causeway and Tarnock. In the northern part of Section B the overhead line connects into a CSE compound (the transition point between overhead line and underground cables) to the south of the River Axe and east of the M5 motorway. From this point the connection travels underground crossing the River Axe before entering the Mendip Hills AONB.

Section C – Mendip Hills

3.4.4 The proposed underground cables travel through the Mendip Hills using low lying land in the valley of the Lox Yeo River. In this area the cables cross the Lox Yeo River and the A371 before passing to the east of Banwell Wood and crossing the A368 at Sandford.

Section D – Somerset Levels and Moors North

3.4.5 The proposed underground cables continue north from the Mendip Hills for approximately 1km connecting directly into the proposed 400/132kV GSP substation north of Sandford. North of the substation the overhead line broadly follows the route of the 132kV existing overhead line passing to the west of the settlements of Yatton and Nailsea and crossing the A370, The River Yeo and the Biddle Street and Nailsea, Kenn and Tickenham Moors Sites of Special Scientific Interest.


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Section E – Tickenham Ridge

3.4.6 The proposed overhead line follows the only gap in the woodlands on Tickenham Ridge, crossing the end of Cadbury Camp Land on the top of the ridge. From here the overhead line descends the northern slope of the ridge passing to the west of Priors Wood before crossing the M5 motorway.

Section F – Portishead

3.4.7 To the north of the M5 motorway the proposed overhead line turns north-east and runs parallel to the motorway before crossing and following the A369.

3.4.8 National Grid has considered the technically feasible routes in Section F in light of representations received to the November consultation and still considers that the route identified offers the most appropriate solution for a connection in this section. However, recognising the issues raised by local people during the consultation, National Grid is proposing to consult on both its preferred route (the route described at paragraph 3.4.7) and an alternative route which passes to the east of Portishead and utilises the previously identified preferred route corridor as part of its formal consultation under s42/47 of the Planning Act. It is proposed that both routes will be assessed in the EIA.

Section G – Avonmouth

3.4.9 The proposed overhead line crosses the River Avon to the west of the existing 132kV overhead line and then follows the edge of Avonmouth village (travelling through the Avonmouth Docks complex) before heading through the centre of the industrial area before connecting into Seabank Substation (OS Grid Reference 353640, 182233).

Hinkley Point Line Entry Modifications

3.4.10 To the south of the proposed Hinkley Point C Power Station the existing Hinkley to Bridgwater (VQ Route) and Hinkley to Taunton (ZZ Route) overhead lines will be diverted in a north westerly direction to facilitate connection with the proposed Shurton Substation. These diversions will include the removal of six existing pylons and the construction of ten new pylons (five on each of the overhead lines). A new ‘interconnector’ overhead line will also be constructed to maintain connections and the transfer of supplies between the proposed Shurton Substation and the existing Hinkley Point Substation. This overhead line will include three new pylons two of which would be within Wick Moor (part of the Bridgwater Bay SSSI and the Severn Estuary SPA and Ramsar site).

Construction

3.4.11 Construction activities will begin with the preparation and installation of temporary access roads to each pylon site. The proposals for the temporary works are in draft at present and are evolving as the project progresses and further consultation with landowners and persons with an interest in the land is undertaken. The following information is provided to assist in defining the scope of assessments although this may be subject to some refinement before the DCO application is made.

3.4.12 Existing accesses from public highways may need to be widened, due to the size of the construction vehicles, or temporary new accesses may be required. Temporary access tracks will be required to the site of each pylon and may be required to


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possible scaffolding sites. For access on agricultural land temporary tracks will be installed, using crushed stone (MOT Type 1 or similar) with a reinforcing geotextile membrane to protect soils. Temporary access roads will be approximately 4m wide and 300mm-500mm deep.

3.4.13 Temporary tracks will continue along the length of the overhead line as far as possible so that construction traffic can run on dedicated routes and avoid the public highway. Temporary stone pads will also be required adjacent to each new pylon location for plant such as cranes and piling rigs, which will be used to construct the pylons. The size of the pad will depend on the size of the pylon base, and the type of foundation being installed but range from 40m x 40m for a standard pylon to 70m x 70m for a 90 degree deviation pylon (See Figure 9 show illustrative sizes of laydown of minimum and maximum footprint).

3.4.14 The working area at each pylon will include a security hut and welfare facility. Security at the site will be required 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

3.4.15 Some temporary scaffolding will be installed during the works as a safety measure to protect roads, railways, Public Rights of Way (PROWs) and distribution network overhead lines which are crossed by the new 400kV overhead line. Some distribution network overhead lines may be temporarily switched off or may be relocated or removed; scaffolding would not be needed in these cases.

3.4.16 The area around each pylon will be cleared and where appropriate fenced to keep the public and any livestock away from construction work. During the works gated entrances will be installed to restrict access to construction vehicles and personnel only. Outside working hours the areas will be locked and attended by a security guard.

3.4.17 The foundations of the pylons will be piled or excavated. Pre-mixed concrete will be delivered to site in wagons along with steelwork for the foundation frames and bases. The foundation comprises steelwork encased in concrete with ‘stubs’ appearing through the concrete above ground to which the pylon legs are attached.

3.4.18 The steelwork for the pylons will be delivered to site in pre-constructed sections or in numbered parts and will be bolted together on the ground. The pylon will be assembled in sections beginning with each leg being fastened to the stubs. The pylon is erected using a mobile crane which lifts the assembled steelwork into position. Linesmen bolt together the pylon, climbing to each part to help guide the next section into place and fasten the bolts. The number of pylon sections will vary according to the size of the pylon being built. The insulators will be fastened to the pylons in preparation for installing the conductors. Insulators are used to resist the flow of electricity. They prevent the electricity from the conductor reaching the pylon. This means the pylon can be accessed without always needing to disconnect the circuit.

3.4.19 The wires (conductors) of the overhead line will be delivered to site using lorries with the conductors wrapped around the drums. Tractors and other smaller vehicles will be used to transport the drums and other materials along the temporary access roads. The conductors will be installed usually in sections between tension pylons where the line changes direction. A pulling site will be established at one end of the section with the conductors running out from a tensioning site at the other end of the section.


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3.4.20 Pilot wires will be laid at ground level (and over temporary scaffolding protecting obstacles such as roads and railway lines) along the length of the section between the pulling site and the tension site. The pilot wires will be lifted and fed through running wheels on the cross arms of all the pylons in the middle of the section, and then fed around the pulling machine at the pulling site. The tensioning machine will keep the wires off the ground and prevent the conductors running freely when the pulling machine pulls the pilot wire. In rare cases when it is not possible to run the pilot wires from ground level, helicopters may be used to pull them through. When the conductor is fully ‘run out’, it will be fastened at its finished tension and height above ground by linesmen working from platforms on the pylons and suspended from the conductors. Additional fittings such as, spacers and dampers, will be fitted to the conductors. Spacers prevent the conductors from touching each other and dampers prevent oscillations in the overhead line.

3.4.21 Once the overhead line is constructed, the temporary access tracks and working areas at the pylon sites will be removed and the ground reinstated by removing stone and trackways. Soils will be restored to their previous condition. Other surfaces will be reinstated and widened access will be restored to their condition at the commencement of the works.

Maintenance

3.4.22 The overhead line will be subject to annual inspection from the ground or by helicopter. The inspection will identify if there are any visible faults or signs of wear and can also indicate if changes in plant or tree growth or development has occurred which may risk infringing safety clearances. Inspections will confirm when refurbishment is required.

3.4.23 The overhead line is made up of a variety of materials, from concrete and steel for the foundations, steelwork for the pylon and aluminium for the conductors. All these materials have an expected lifespan, which varies depending on how the overhead line is used and where it is located. Typically, pylons have a life expectancy of approximately 80 years, the conductors have a life expectancy of approximately 60 years and the insulators and fittings have a life span of approximately 40 years. Refurbishment work will be undertaken typically on one side of the pylon and then the other, so that one side can be kept ‘live’ and in use.

3.4.24 Refurbishment can involve:

• the replacement of all the conductors and earth wire; • the replacement of insulators and all the steelwork that holds the conductors

and insulators in place; and • painting or replacing the pylon steelwork.

3.4.25 During refurbishment there will be activity along the overhead line, especially at tension pylons where the conductor is installed and the old conductor taken down.

3.4.26 Vans will be used to carry workers in and out of site and trucks will be used to bring new materials and equipment to site and remove old equipment. Temporary works including access routes and scaffolding to protect roads will be required as for construction.

3.4.27 The lifespan of the overhead line may be longer than the anticipated 80 years, depending on its condition, refurbishments and the transmission network requirements.


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Decommissioning

3.4.28 If the connection is no longer required, the overhead line may be removed. Upon removal much of the material will be taken for recycling. Similar access will be required as outlined for construction.

3.4.29 Fittings, such as dampers and spacers, will be removed from the conductors. The conductors will be cut into manageable lengths or will be winched onto drums in a reverse process to that described for construction. The fittings will be removed from the pylons and lowered to the ground.

3.4.30 The pylon may be dismantled by crane, with sections cut and lowered to the ground for further dismantling and removal from site. Depending on the space available, it may be possible to cut the pylon legs and then pull the pylon to the ground using a tractor. The pylon can then be cut into sections on the ground. Unless there is a compelling need for removal of all the foundations, these will be removed to approximately 1m deep and subsoil and topsoil reinstated.

3.5 400kV Underground Cables

Description

3.5.1 The underground cables will be made of a copper core with cross linked polyethylene insulation. Two fibre optic cables will be laid with the electricity cables for monitoring and protection of system conditions

3.5.2 The cables will be laid within trenches. There will be up to 12 cables for the connection laid in four groups (four trenches) made up of three cables per group. There will be a gap of approximately 350mm between each of the three cables within the group, and a separation distance of approximately 3m between each of the groups. Depending on the cable manufacturer, joints in the cables will be required every 700m to 1km. At each cable joint either an above ground kiosk or a surface accessible Link Pit will be required, which will be used to monitor and occasionally test the underground cables. Each Link Pit would have the maximum dimensions of 4m long by 3m wide and 0.75m high. A kiosk is likely to have smaller dimensions than a Link Pit. A temporary access track will be required to access the kiosk when maintenance and repairs are required.

3.5.3 Underground cables will have to be routed deeper and wider where crossings are encountered which require a trenchless technique. These crossings can be completed via Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) or thrust boring. These techniques are likely to be used to avoid environmental constraints along the cables route including: the River Axe, the Old Yeo River and the Lox Yeo River.

3.5.4 The underground cables are proposed to be installed through Section C (Mendip Hills) and will commence at a CSE compound to the south of the River Axe in the northern extent of Section B. The cables will then extend through the valley of the Lox Yeo River in the Mendip Hills AONB into the southern extent of Section D where they will connect into the proposed 400/132kV GSP substation to the north of Sandford. The underground cables broadly follow the line of the existing 132kV overhead line but pass to the north and south of it along the route to avoid woodland, development and environmental features.


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Construction

3.5.5 Similar to the construction of the overhead line, underground cables construction activities begin with the establishment and preparation of the working area and the installation of the temporary haul road along the underground cable route and any temporary access tracks required to connect with the local road network. A temporary haul road will continue along the length of the underground cables as far as possible so that construction traffic can run on dedicated routes and avoid public highways. Post and wire fencing will be installed along both sides of the entire temporary haul road. The proposals for the temporary works are in draft at present and are evolving as the project progresses and further consultation with landowners and persons with an interest in the land is undertaken. The following information is provided to guide the assessments although this may be subject to some refinement before the DCO application is made.

3.5.6 Existing accesses from public highways may need to be widened, due to the size of the construction vehicles, or temporary new accesses may be required. For access on agricultural land temporary tracks of approximately 5m wide will be installed using crushed stone (MOT Type 1 or similar) and with a reinforcing geotextile membrane to protect soils.

3.5.7 Temporary contractor’s compounds and offices will be established along the alignment to house the staff, equipment and materials for the works. Temporary contractor’s compounds will be required to serve the development. Where possible, a site will be chosen which is accessible for heavy goods vehicles, has existing services and ideally has some hard-standing to avoid or reduce the need to import material to set up the compound. Both static and mobile security will be deployed to the work sites.

3.5.8 A working area approximately 65m wide will be created along the length of the underground cables route, protected by post and wire fencing (see Figure 9). Where there are ‘pinch points’ along the cable route the working area will be reduced. Within this working area vegetation will be cleared and topsoil will be stripped. The topsoil will be stored along the working area so that it can be put back once the installation of the underground cables is complete. Drainage improvement works will be implemented to ensure the site of the cables installation is free from risk of flooding.

3.5.9 The underground cables will be delivered to the working areas using lorries of approximately 38 tonnes with the cables wrapped around drums. Tractors and other smaller vehicles will be used to transport the cable drums and other materials along the temporary haul road. The underground cables will be pulled off the drums onto rollers within the trenches.

3.5.10 The underground cable trenches will be excavated up to approximately 1.8m deep and 2m wide. Timber panels will be used to reinforce the trench sides. Up to three cables will be laid in each of the trenches at a depth of approximately 1.1m on a bed of cement bound sand (CBS) and then surrounded by an additional layer of CBS, which will be delivered to site in concrete lorries. Fibre optic cables will be placed in the trenches with the cables to ensure the connection can be monitored from the above ground kiosks. Above the CBS, protective tiles will be laid to protect the cables from future excavation works. As an additional warning method, marker tape will be placed into each trench to warn that cables lay beneath.


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3.5.11 The underground cable joints will be undertaken on-site in controlled and clean conditions. Underground cable jointing is labour intensive and very technically demanding but essential to the effective operation of the cables. The finished joints are protected by a glass fibre box filled with resin or bitumen.

3.5.12 At the sections where HDD or thrust boring will be undertaken, the cables will be pulled through ducts that have been installed. Cable pulling rigs will be required to pull the cables through ducts.

3.5.13 Once the cables have been laid, reinstatement work will begin. The temporary haul road and any temporary access tracks are removed and the stored soil is replaced, with any surplus soil taken off site. The post and wire fencing will then be removed. Where possible, hedgerows will be replanted or replaced although trees cannot be planted on top of the cables. Where trees have been removed from the cables swathe and planting elsewhere has been agreed, this will be undertaken. The land will be reinstated to its previous condition and uses wherever possible.

Maintenance

3.5.14 The underground cables have above ground kiosks at the joints to monitor the cables. Monitoring is carried out via fibre optic cables installed with the underground cables. If any cable repairs are required, the area where the fault is will be accessed via temporary trackway and/or temporary access made up of crushed stone (MOT Type 1 or similar), a working area established and the ground excavated. If a cable needs to be replaced then the section of the cable (between two joints) will need to be removed and new joints constructed.

3.5.15 Underground cables have a life expectancy of approximately 40-50 years. After 40-50 years the cables will require replacing, assuming the connection is still required. If there is space a new cable route would be constructed alongside the existing to avoid excavation and removal of the old cables. If the old cables need to be removed then a similar method will be followed as installation.

Decommissioning

3.5.16 If the connection is no longer required, the underground cable will be decommissioned. Unless there is a compelling need for removal of the underground cables, they will remain buried in the ground.

3.5.17 If the underground cables were to be removed upon decommissioning, similar methods and access will be required as outlined for installation in paragraphs 3.5.5 to 3.5.13 above.

3.6 Cable Sealing End Compounds

Description

3.6.1 A CSE compound provides the point of connection between overhead lines and underground cables. Three CSE compounds are required for the proposed development at the interface points of the proposed overhead line and underground cables. The locations of the CSE compounds are shown at Figure 3.

3.6.2 CSE compounds 1 and 2 are single circuit compounds in the vicinity of the Bridgwater Tee in Section A (OS Grid Reference 331940, 139657). The CSE compounds are required to achieve a crossing of electrical circuits on the existing Hinkley to Bridgwater overhead line.


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3.6.3 CSE compound 3 is a double circuit compound to the south of the River Axe in Section B (OS Grid Reference 337306, 154519) and provides the interface point between the overhead line and proposed underground cables in Section C (Mendip Hills) (see Figure 10). To the north of Section C a separate CSE compound is not required at the transition between underground cables and overhead line as the cables will connect directly into the proposed 400/132kV GSP substation north of Sandford.

3.6.4 Each double circuit CSE compound will be approximately 70m x 40m and will comprise a terminal overhead line pylon with down-leads connecting to a gantry (approximately 13m high) which then connects to cable sealing ends and other electrical equipment. A small control room may be required in the compound. The compound would be surrounded by a 2.4m high palisade fence to protect the equipment. A permanent access road (single carriageway width with passing places) is required to the compound.

Construction

3.6.5 CSE compound construction activities begin with the preparation and installation of the access road to the CSE compound. A temporary construction compound of approximately 50m x 50m will be required adjacent to the site. The proposals for the CSE compounds and associated access roads are in draft at present and are evolving as the project progresses and further consultation with landowners and persons with an interest in the land is undertaken. The following information is provided to guide the assessments although this may be subject to some refinement before the DCO application is made.

3.6.6 The initial preparatory works will comprise stripping of topsoil and levelling out the sites to create a level platform for construction. Temporary perimeter fencing would then be installed to secure the area. Construction of foundations for the terminal pylon and some of the electrical equipment, including installing troughs for cables will then be completed. The foundations will be either standard concrete foundations or piled foundations. A stone pad for a mobile crane will be installed within the working area. The permanent site boundary palisade fence will be completed later in the construction programme. A series of copper earth tapes will be installed below the ground to create an “earth mat” to make the sealing end compound electrically safe. Security will be deployed to the sites throughout the construction phase.

3.6.7 Once the troughs are completed the underground cables will be channelled via the troughs onto the cable sealing end structures. The cable sealing end terminations, line gantries and other electrical equipment, such as earth switches, will be lowered onto their foundations and support structures by a mobile crane. The cable sealing ends require a clean and controlled environment whilst being installed. To create a clean environment, a scaffold structure is erected covered by weather-proof material whilst the terminations are being installed. The electrical installation will be completed with connections of the overhead line to the underground electrical cables via down-leads.

3.6.8 The temporary site installation facilities will be removed and, where required, temporary working areas will be restored to their original condition. Soil stripped away for levelling may be used to form bunds around the sealing end compounds where mitigation planting can be established.


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Maintenance

3.6.9 Infrequent visits will be made to the CSE compound to monitor the underground cables and carry out periodic maintenance and checks on the electrical equipment within the compound. When the CSE compound requires refurbishment and/or replacement works, vans will be used to carry workers in and out of site and trucks will be used to bring new materials and equipment to site and remove old equipment. Temporary scaffolding may be required to protect any infrastructure around the compound.

Decommissioning

3.6.10 The lifespan of a CSE compound is approximately 40 years. Any relays used for protection and control purposes in the small control building will typically have a life of 15 years. When the CSE compound’s useful life has expired the materials will be removed and taken for recycling. Similar methods and equipment will be required as outlined for construction in paragraphs 3.6.5 to 3.6.8. If required, a replacement CSE compound will be constructed.

3.7 Removal of the Existing 132kV Overhead Line

Description

3.7.1 The existing 132kV overhead line (known as the F Route) is supported by lattice steel pylons approximately 26m high and runs in a broadly south to north direction between Bridgwater substation and Portishead substation. At Portishead the overhead line becomes the G Route and travels in an easterly direction through the Royal Portbury Docks before travelling north and crossing the River Avon on tall pylons (circa 90m high). To the north of the River Avon the G Route oversails a number of residential properties and a school in Avonmouth Village before connecting into the existing 132/33kV Avonmouth substation. North of Avonmouth substation the G Route continues in a northerly direction crossing the M49 in two places before connecting in to Seabank substation.

3.7.2 As part of the proposed development, the existing 132kV overhead line will be removed between Bridgwater substation and Avonmouth substation. The existing 132kV overhead line from Avonmouth Substation to Seabank Substation will not be removed as it forms an essential part of WPD’s distribution network.

3.7.3 To facilitate construction of the 400kV overhead line across Tickenham Ridge (Section E) a second 132kV overhead line owned and operated by WPD (the ‘W Route’) will be removed for approximately 8km from south west of Nailsea to Portishead substation. This overhead line travels along the edge of the settlement of Nailsea (oversailing the gardens of several properties) before crossing Tickenham Ridge between gaps in woodlands. The overhead line descends the ridge to the west of Priors Wood parallel the F Route overhead line before crossing the M5 motorway and travelling in a northerly direction through the Portbury Ashlands nature reserve and connecting in to the existing Portishead Substation. This overhead line forms an essential part of the WPD distribution network in North Somerset and would be replaced by 132kV underground cables.

Construction

3.7.4 Construction activities will begin with the preparation and installation of temporary access roads to each existing pylon site. The proposals for the temporary works


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are in draft at present and are evolving as the project progresses and further consultation with landowners and persons with an interest in the land is undertaken. The following information is provided to guide the assessments although this is likely to be subject to some refinement before the DCO application is made.

3.7.5 Existing accesses from public highways may need to be widened, due to the size of the construction vehicles, or temporary new accesses may be required. Temporary access tracks will be required to the site of each existing pylon. For access on agricultural land temporary trackway may be laid or temporary tracks will be installed with a reinforcing semi-permeable membrane to protect soils.

3.7.6 A contractor’s compound and office will be established in the vicinity of the development to house the staff during the working day, as well as equipment and materials for the works. Where possible, a site will be chosen which is accessible for heavy goods vehicles, has existing services and ideally has some hardstanding to avoid or reduce the need to create a level base for the compound. The import of material will be required to provide hardstanding if suitable material is not already there.

3.7.7 Scaffolding will be temporarily installed during the works as a safety measure to protect roads, railway, PRoW and other existing distribution network overhead lines.

3.7.8 The area around each pylon will be cleared and where appropriate fenced to keep the public and any livestock away from construction work. During the works gated entrances will be installed to restrict access to construction vehicles and personnel only. Outside working hours the areas will be locked and attended by a security guard.

3.7.9 Fittings, such as dampers and spacers, will be removed from the conductors. The conductors will be cut into manageable lengths or will be winched onto drums in a reverse process to that described for the construction of pylons. The fittings will be removed from the pylons and lowered to the ground.

3.7.10 Where possible, the legs of the pylons will be cut and the pylon pulled to the ground using a tractor. The pylons may be dismantled by crane, with sections cut and lowered to the ground for further dismantling or removed from site if there is limited space. The pylons can then be cut into sections on the ground. Unless there is a compelling need for removal of all the foundations, these will be removed to approximately 1m deep and subsoil and topsoil reinstated.

3.7.11 Once the overhead line is removed, the temporary access tracks and working areas at the pylon sites will be removed and ground reinstated by removing stone and trackways. Soils will be restored to their previous condition. Other surfaces will be reinstated and widened accesses will be restored to their condition at the commencement of the works.

Maintenance and Decommissioning

3.7.12 As the 132kV will be removed, no maintenance or decommissioning phases will be involved for this aspect of the proposed development.


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3.8 400/132kV GSP Substation

Description

3.8.1 As a result of the removal of the existing 132kV overhead line between Bridgwater and Avonmouth a new 400/132kV Grid Supply Point (GSP) substation is required to land adjacent to Nye Road to the north of Sandford, North Somerset (OS Grid Reference 341637, 160522). A GSP substation is the electrical interface point between the high voltage transmission network (owned and operated by National Grid) and the Distribution Network Operator. Substations are a method of controlling power flows and voltages between the transmission system and distribution system. A transformer within a GSP substation will change (or “transform”) the level of a voltage from one value to another value. Transformers generally reduce a voltage from a higher level to a lower level. Due to the magnitude of Transmission Voltages (hundreds of thousands of volts), voltage reduction equipment is referred to as a Super Grid Transformer (SGT). Other components within the GSP will include Shunt Reactors, switchgear, steel support structures, welfare accommodation, ancillary buildings, backup diesel generator, oily water interceptor and a low voltage electricity supply connection.

3.8.2 The proposed GSP substation will contain two SGTs to reduce the voltage from the transmission system at 400kV to the 132kV required by WPD to allow onward distribution of the electricity to homes and businesses. The proposed GSP substation will also contain two Shunt Reactors to stabilise the voltage on the connection.

3.8.3 The proposed GSP substation will utilise 400kV Highly Integrated Switchgear (HIS) for outdoor use and 132kV air insulated switchgear (AIS). The 400kV equipment would be insulated by a gas called Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) the 132kV equipment would be insulated by the air. The maximum dimensions of the proposed substation will be 217m x 143m with a maximum height of electrical equipment of 13m.

3.8.4 The substation will be largely constructed on impermeable concrete surfaces, surrounded by areas of permeable stone chippings. The substation will be secured with an electrified palisade fence of approximately 4m high and will require a permanent access road from the public highway.

3.8.5 The detailed design of the proposed substation and its associated permanent access road are still preliminary and will be confirmed based on consultations, and environmental and technical studies. Therefore the EIA will assess the maximum footprint and height of equipment to ensure that the worst case scenario is considered in the assessments.

Construction

3.8.6 Construction activities generally begin with the preparation and installation of the permanent access road to the substation. The proposals for the access road are in draft form at present and are evolving as the project progresses and further consultation with landowners and persons with an interest in the land is undertaken. The following information is provided to guide the assessments although this may be subject to some refinement before the DCO application is made.


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3.8.7 A temporary construction compound area will be constructed nearby to the proposed substation that allows for the safe construction of the permanent operational substation high voltage compound. The area will be shared with the cable installation contractor to make best use of available land. The construction compound area will generally comprise temporary portacabin style accommodation units for the purposes of activities associated with the site, project and safety management of the construction site. Further temporary facilities will be provided for the statutory provision of welfare facilities for construction site workers. There will also be allocated regions for the delivery and storage of materials and the removal (where required) of excavated material and waste items.

3.8.8 The initial preparatory works will comprise the temporary removal of topsoil and the installation of a temporary stone capping within areas of the substation construction area to provide a clean and stable working platform. If possible, the permanent site boundary perimeter fencing will be completed early in the construction programme to secure the construction area. Electrification of the fence will take place as the substation is fitted out with lighting and power. Where required, excavations, piling and concrete foundations will be provided for the substation electrical equipment. A copper earth grid will be installed below the ground to create an “earth mat” to make the compound electrically safe. The substation support structures and electrical equipment will then be erected.

3.8.9 Prior to completion of the substation commissioning tests will be required, starting with testing the individual items of plant and culminating with testing the installed system as a whole. Following successful testing, the substation will be connected to the electricity transmission system.

Maintenance

3.8.10 The substation would be unmanned. Maintenance of the GSP substation would be undertaken approximately every 3 years, which involves electrical isolation of the appropriate equipment. Visual checks would be undertaken on a monthly inspection visit to the site. If the GSP substation requires refurbishment and/or replacement works, vehicles will be used to carry workers in and out of site and suitable vehicles will be used to bring new materials and equipment to site and remove old equipment.

Decommissioning

3.8.11 The lifespan of a substation is approximately 40 years. If its useful life has expired and it is to be removed, the equipment will be safely disconnected from the transmission system and carefully dismantled. Much of the material of the substation will be taken for recycling. Similar methods and equipment will be required as for construction.

3.9 New 132kV Overhead Line

3.9.1 As a result of the removal of the existing 132kV overhead line between Bridgwater and Avonmouth a new 400/132kV GSP substation is required to land adjacent to Nye Road to the north of Sandford, North Somerset (see section 3.3 above). To maintain connections to the existing distribution network a 132kV overhead line connection is also required between the proposed substation and an existing 132kV overhead line known as the ‘AT Route’.


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3.9.2 It is currently anticipated that the overhead line will comprise two single circuit trident wood pole overhead lines approximately 20m apart with an average height of 14m (heights can vary according to environmental conditions). The span between the structures is approximately 130m although this varies according to the size of the structure being built and the route.

3.9.1 The route would start to the north of the proposed 400/132kV substation and would then extend in a westerly direction to a point northwest of Hardmead Rhyne. At this point the route travels in a north westerly direction starting in the middle of the corridor before moving to its eastern edge at a point south of the Nye Drove (a small track and public right of way). The route continues in a north westerly direction to cross Rockers Rhyne and Havage Drove where it utilises the centre of the corridor to pass to the east of Box Bush Farm. The route finishes by connecting onto the existing AT Route overhead line on the western edge of the corridor. To achieve the transition from the trident wood poles to the existing steel lattice pylons, a ‘terminal’ pylon and a ‘terminal’ pole will be required.

3.9.2 In addition to the AT Route connection, short 132kV connections are also required between the proposed Sandford substation and an existing 132kV overhead line known as the ‘N Route’ and between the existing W and Y Route overhead lines and the existing 132kV Churchill substation.

Construction

3.9.3 Construction activities will begin with the preparation and installation of temporary access roads to each pole site. The proposals for the temporary works are in draft at present and are evolving as the project progresses and further consultation with landowners and persons with an interest in the land is undertaken. The following information is provided to assist in defining the scope of assessments although this may be subject to some refinement before the DCO application is made.

3.9.4 Existing accesses from public highways may need to be widened, due to the size of the construction vehicles, or temporary new accesses may be required. Temporary access tracks will be required to the site of each pole and may be required to possible scaffolding sites. For access on agricultural land temporary tracks will be installed, using crushed stone (MOT Type 1 or similar) with a reinforcing geotextile membrane to protect soils. Temporary access roads will be approximately 4m wide and 300mm-500mm deep. Temporary tracks will continue along the length of the overhead line as far as possible so that construction traffic can run on dedicated routes and avoid the public highway.

3.9.5 Temporary stone pads will also be required adjacent to each new wood pole location for plant which will be used to construct the wood poles. The size of the pad will depend on the wood pole design and the type of foundation being installed but will range from 20m x 10m to 25m x 15m.

3.9.6 The area around each wood pole will be cleared and where appropriate fenced to keep the public and any livestock away from construction work. During the works gated entrances will be installed to restrict access to construction vehicles and personnel only. Outside working hours the areas will be locked.

3.9.7 The wood poles and wires (conductors) of the overhead line will be delivered to site using lorries with the conductors wrapped around the drums. Tractors and other smaller vehicles will be used to transport the drums and other materials along the temporary access roads. The conductors will be installed usually in sections


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between tension poles where the line changes direction. A pulling site will be established at one end of the section with the conductors running out from a tensioning site at the other end of the section.

3.9.8 Once the overhead line is constructed, the temporary access tracks and working areas will be removed and the ground reinstated by removing stone and trackways. Soils will be restored to their previous condition. Other surfaces will be reinstated and widened access will be restored to their condition at the commencement of the works.

Maintenance

3.9.9 In general distribution overhead lines require very little maintenance. The overhead line will be subject to regular inspection from the ground. The inspection will identify if there are any visible faults or signs of wear and can also indicate if changes in plant or tree growth or development has occurred which may risk infringing safety clearances. Inspections will confirm when refurbishment is required.

3.9.10 The overhead line is made up of a variety of materials. Experience indicates that a new overhead line of this type would require refurbishment after 40 years.

3.9.11 Refurbishment can involve:

• the replacement of all the conductors and earth wire; • the replacement of insulators and all the steelwork that holds the conductors

and insulators in place; and • replacing the wood poles.

3.9.12 During refurbishment there will be activity along the overhead line, especially at tension poles where the conductor is installed and the old conductor taken down. Vans will be used to carry workers in and out of site and trucks will be used to bring new materials and equipment to site and remove old equipment. Temporary works including access routes and scaffolding to protect roads will be required as for construction.

3.9.13 The lifespan of the overhead line may be longer than the anticipated 80 years, depending on its condition, refurbishments and depending on the transmission network requirements.

Decommissioning

3.9.14 If the connection is no longer required, the overhead line may be removed. Upon removal much of the material will be taken for recycling. Similar access will be required as outlined for construction.

3.10 Construction of a 400kV substation at Aust

Description

3.10.1 Substations are a method of switching and controlling power flows and voltages on the high voltage transmission system. As a result of the connection of new power stations in the South West, South Wales and Gloucestershire regions a new substation is required to resolve technical issues on the transmission system between South Wales and South Gloucestershire. The proposed substation would be sited adjacent to National Grid’s existing CSE compound at Aust, South Gloucestershire (OS Grid Reference 357495, 190118) and will contain electrical


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switchgear, Gas Insulated Busbar (GIB), steel support structures and ancillary buildings.

3.10.2 The proposed substation will utilise 400kV HIS for outdoor use. The substation equipment will be insulated using a gas called Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6). The maximum dimensions of the proposed substation will be 100m x 150m with a maximum height of electrical equipment of 13m.

3.10.3 The majority of the substation will be surfaced with permeable stone chippings, impermeable concrete surfaces will be used for foundations and access. The substation will be secured with an electrified palisade fence of approximately 4m high and will require a permanent access road from the public highway.

3.10.4 The detailed design of the proposed substation and the existing access road are still preliminary and will be confirmed based on consultations, and environmental and technical studies. Therefore the EIA will assess the maximum footprint and height of equipment to ensure that the worst case scenario is considered in the assessments.

Construction

3.10.5 Construction activities will begin with the modification of the existing access road to the substation to allow temporary traffic control during construction. The proposals for the access road are in draft form at present and are evolving as the project progresses and further consultation with landowners and persons with an interest in the land is undertaken. The following information is provided to guide the assessments although this may be subject to some refinement before the DCO application is made.

3.10.6 A temporary construction compound area will be constructed adjacent to the proposed substation that allows for the safe construction of the permanent operational substation high voltage compound. The construction compound area will generally comprise temporary portacabin style accommodation units for the purposes of activities associated with the site, project and safety management of the construction site. Further temporary facilities will be provided for the statutory provision of welfare facilities for construction site workers. There will also be allocated regions for the delivery and storage of materials and the removal (where required) of excavated material and waste items.

3.10.7 The initial preparatory works will comprise the temporary removal of topsoil, profiling of the land and the installation of a temporary stone capping within areas of the substation construction area to provide a clean and stable working platform. If possible, the permanent site boundary perimeter fencing will be completed early in the construction programme to secure the construction area. Electrification of the fence will take place as the substation is fitted out with lighting and power. Where required, excavations, piling and concrete foundations will be provided for the substation electrical equipment. A below ground copper earth grid will be extended from the existing compound to ensure the compound is electrically safe. The substation support structures and electrical equipment will then be erected.



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Maintenance

3.10.9 The substation would be unmanned. Maintenance of the substation would be undertaken approximately every 3 years, which involves electrical isolation of the appropriate equipment. Visual checks would be undertaken on a monthly inspection visit to the site. If the substation requires refurbishment and/or replacement works, vehicles will be used to carry workers in and out of site and suitable vehicles will be used to bring new materials and equipment to site and remove old equipment.

Decommissioning


3.11 Extension of a 400kV substation at Seabank

Description

3.11.1 There is currently a 400kV Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) Substation at Seabank (OS Grid Reference 353640, 182233). The proposed extension to the existing Seabank substation includes extending the steel framed switchgear building and annex, electrical switchgear, Gas Insulated Busbar (GIB), steel support structures and ancillary buildings. The removal of a 400kV/132kV Super Grid Transformer for re-use will be required to enable the works.

3.11.2 The proposed substation will utilise 400kV GIS and Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS) for indoor and outdoor use. The GIS substation equipment will be insulated using Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6). The building will be extended by approximately 24m. The operational compound boundary will also be extended on the eastern side by 10m x 20m (200m2) and in the south eastern corner by 15m x 20m (300m2). The maximum height of the electrical equipment will be 13m.

3.11.3 The majority of the substation will be surfaced with permeable stone chippings, impermeable concrete surfaces will be used for foundations and access. The substation will be secured with an electrified palisade fence of approximately 4m high and use the existing access road from the public highway through the Seabank Power Station.

3.11.4 The detailed design of the proposed substation extension is still preliminary and will be confirmed based on consultations, and environmental and technical studies. Therefore the EIA will assess the maximum footprint and height of equipment to ensure that the worst case scenario is considered in the assessments.

Construction

3.11.5 A temporary construction compound area will be constructed adjacent to the existing substation that allows for the safe construction of the permanent operational substation high voltage compound. The construction compound area will generally comprise temporary portacabin style accommodation units for the purposes of activities associated with the site, project and safety management of the construction site. Further temporary facilities will be provided for the statutory


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provision of welfare facilities for construction site workers. There will also be allocated regions for the delivery and storage of materials and the removal (where required) of excavated material and waste items.

3.11.6 The initial preparatory works will comprise the extension of the substation fence line and enabling works for the new equipment. Where required, excavations, piling and concrete foundations will be provided for the substation electrical equipment. A below ground copper earth grid will be extended from the existing compound to ensure the compound is electrically safe. The substation support structures and electrical equipment will then be erected.


Maintenance

3.11.8 The substation will remain unmanned. Maintenance of the substation would be undertaken approximately every 3 years, which involves electrical isolation of the appropriate equipment. Visual checks would be undertaken on a monthly inspection visit to the site. If the substation requires refurbishment and/or replacement works, vehicles will be used to carry workers in and out of site and suitable vehicles will be used to bring new materials and equipment to site and remove old equipment.

Decommissioning


3.12 132kV Underground Cables between Nailsea and P ortishead

3.12.1 To facilitate construction of the 400kV overhead line in Section E (Tickenham Ridge) a second 132kV overhead line owned and operated by WPD (the W Route) will be removed for approximately 8km from a point south west of Nailsea to Portishead substation. This overhead line forms an essential part of the WPD distribution network in North Somerset and would need to be replaced by 132kV underground cables. The underground cables will commence at a cable sealing end platform pylon to the south west of the settlement of Nailsea in the northern extent of Section D. The cables will then extend in a northerly direction climbing Tickenham Ridge before descending the ridge, crossing he M5 motorway and continuing in a northerly direction to Portishead substation (in Section F). The underground cables broadly follow the line of the existing 132kV W Route overhead line but pass to the north and south of it along the route to avoid woodland, development and environmental features.

3.12.2 The 132kV underground cables will be made of a copper core with cross linked polyethylene insulation. Two fibre optic cables will be laid with the electricity cables for monitoring and protection of system conditions.


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3.12.3 The cables will be laid within trenches. There will be up to 6 cables for the connection laid in two groups (two trenches) made up of three cables per group. Depending on the cable manufacturer, joints in the cables will be required every 800m to 1.2km. At each cable joint either an above ground kiosk or a surface accessible Link Pit will be required, which will be used to monitor and occasionally test the underground cables. A temporary access track will be required to access the kiosk or link pit when maintenance and repairs are required.

3.12.4 Underground cables will have to be routed deeper and wider where crossings are encountered which require a trenchless technique. These crossings can be completed via Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) or thrust boring. These techniques are likely to be used to avoid environmental constraints along the cables route including: the Tickenham, Nailsea and Kenn Moors Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), blocks of woodland on Tickenham Ridge and the M5 motorway.

Construction

3.12.5 Similar to the construction of the overhead line, underground cables construction activities begin with the establishment and preparation of the working area and the installation of the temporary haul road along the underground cable route and any temporary access tracks required to connect with the local road network. A temporary haul road will continue along the length of the underground cables as far as possible so that construction traffic can run on dedicated routes and avoid public highways. Post and wire fencing will be installed along both sides of the entire temporary haul road. The proposals for the temporary works are in draft at present and are evolving as the project progresses and further consultation with landowners and persons with an interest in the land is undertaken. The following information is provided to guide the assessments although this may be subject to some refinement before the DCO application is made.

3.12.6 Existing accesses from public highways may need to be widened, due to the size of the construction vehicles, or temporary new accesses may be required. For access on agricultural land temporary tracks of approximately 5m wide will be installed using crushed stone (MOT Type 1 or similar) and with a reinforcing geotextile membrane to protect soils.

3.12.7 Temporary contractor’s compounds and offices will be established along the alignment to house the staff, equipment and materials for the works. Temporary contractor’s compounds will be required to serve the development. Where possible, a site will be chosen which is accessible for heavy goods vehicles, has existing services and ideally has some hard-standing to avoid or reduce the need to import material to set up the compound. Both static and mobile security will be deployed to the work sites.

3.12.8 A working area approximately 30m wide will be created along the length of the underground cables route, protected by post and wire fencing. Where there are ‘pinch points’ along the cable route the working area will be reduced. Within this working area vegetation will be cleared and topsoil will be stripped. The topsoil will be stored along the working area so that it can be put back once the installation of the underground cables is complete. Drainage improvement works will be implemented to ensure the site of the cables installation is free from risk of flooding.


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3.12.9 The underground cables will be delivered to the working areas using lorries of approximately 38 tonnes with the cables wrapped around drums. Tractors and other smaller vehicles will be used to transport the cable drums and other materials along the temporary haul road. The underground cables will be pulled off the drums onto rollers within the trenches.

3.12.10 The underground cable trenches will be excavated up to approximately 1.8m deep and 2m wide. Timber panels will be used to reinforce the trench sides. Up to three cables will be laid in each of the trenches at a depth of approximately 1.1m on a bed of cement bound sand (CBS) and then surrounded by an additional layer of CBS, which will be delivered to site in concrete lorries. Fibre optic cables will be placed in the trenches with the cables to ensure the connection can be monitored from the above ground kiosks. Above the CBS, protective tiles will be laid to protect the cables from future excavation works. As an additional warning method, marker tape will be placed into each trench to warn that cables lay beneath.

3.12.11 The underground cable joints will be undertaken on-site in controlled and clean conditions. Underground cable jointing is labour intensive and very technically demanding but essential to the effective operation of the cables. The finished joints are protected by a glass fibre box filled with resin or bitumen.

3.12.12 At the sections where HDD or thrust boring will be undertaken, the cables will be pulled through ducts that have been installed. Cable pulling rigs will be required to pull the cables through ducts.

3.12.13 Once the cables have been laid, reinstatement work will begin. The temporary haul road and any temporary access tracks are removed and the stored soil is replaced, with any surplus soil taken off site. The post and wire fencing will then be removed. Where possible, hedgerows will be replanted or replaced although trees cannot be planted on top of the cables. Where trees have been removed from the cables swathe and planting elsewhere has been agreed, this will be undertaken. The land will be reinstated to its previous condition and uses wherever possible.

Maintenance

3.12.14 The underground cables have above ground kiosks at the joints to monitor the cables. Monitoring is carried out via fibre optic cables installed with the underground cables. If any cable repairs are required, the area where the fault is will be accessed via temporary trackway and/or temporary access made up of crushed stone (MOT Type 1 or similar), a working area established and the ground excavated. If a cable needs to be replaced then the section of the cable (between two joints) will need to be removed and new joints constructed.

3.12.15 As with 400kV underground cables, 132kV underground cables have a life expectancy of approximately 40-50 years. After 40-50 years the cables will require replacing, assuming the connection is still required. If there is space a new cable route would be constructed alongside the existing to avoid excavation and removal of the old cables. If the old cables need to be removed then a similar method will be followed as installation.

Decommissioning

3.12.16 If the connection is no longer required, the underground cable will be decommissioned. Unless there is a compelling need for removal of the underground cables, they will remain buried in the ground.


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3.12.17 If the underground cables were to be removed upon decommissioning, similar methods and access will be required as outlined for installation in paragraphs 3.12.5 to 3.12.13 above.


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4 APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

4.1 Proposed Approach to the Environmental Impact A ssessment

4.1.1 This section of the scoping report outlines the proposed approach to the EIA. In accordance with the 2009 EIA Regulations, the assessments undertaken for the EIA will evaluate and identify the likely significant environmental effects arising from the proposed development. Significant environmental effects will be identified for the construction, operational and decommissioning phases of the Hinkley Point C Connection Project. Mitigation methods, residual effects, inter-relationship of effects and cumulative effects will also be identified for each environmental topic. This information will be presented in an ES.

4.1.2 The EIA will integrate environmental considerations into the design process of the proposed development so that potential effects can be considered and minimised at the earliest stages.

Approach to Identifying Significant Environmental E ffects

4.1.3 The assessment process to identify significant environmental effects will be undertaken by:

• Developing an understanding of the baseline environment; • Identifying environmental effects and evaluating their significance (generally by

evaluating magnitude of the effect and the sensitivity of the receptor); • Considering whether cumulative environmental effects will occur; • Designing mitigation methods to minimise or avoid adverse effects; and • Identifying residual effects.

4.1.4 The Institute of Environmental Management’s (IEMA) report on EIA in the UK17

advises that there are no scales or definitions of significance in EIA Regulations and that all effects should be reported. That approach will be followed in the ES.

Approach to Assessing the Significance of Environme ntal Effects

4.1.5 The determination of the significance of likely effects arising from the proposed development is an important stage in the EIA process. To assess the overall significance of an effect it is necessary to establish the magnitude of the effect occurring i.e. the changes to the existing baseline conditions as a result of the proposed development, and the sensitivity or importance of the receiving environment or receptor.

4.1.6 Each environmental topic assessment will identify its own method to assess significance of effects although each will be broadly based on the following criteria from IEMA’s The State of Environmental Impact Assessments in the UK.

17 Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment: The State of Environmental Impact Assessments in the UK: EIA significance evaluation matrix page 61: IEMA 2011


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4.2 Magnitude of Effect

4.2.1 The magnitude of potential effects (both beneficial and adverse) on environmental baseline conditions will be identified through the detailed consideration of the proposed development taking into account the following:

• Relevant legislation, policy or guidelines; • The degree to which the environment is potentially affected e.g. whether the

quality is enhanced or impaired; • The scale or degree of change from baseline conditions as a result of the

proposed development; • The duration of the effect e.g. whether it is temporary or permanent; and • The reversibility of the effect.

4.2.2 The following criteria provide a general definition for determining the magnitude of a particular effect:

• High Magnitude - Total loss or major alteration to key elements or features of the baseline conditions to the extent that post-development character or composition of baseline conditions will be fundamentally changed;

• Moderate Magnitude - Loss or alteration to one or more key elements or features of the baseline conditions to the extent that post-development character or composition of the baseline conditions will be materially changed;

• Low Magnitude - Minor shift away from baseline conditions. Changes arising will be detectable but not material; the underlying character or composition of the baseline conditions will be similar to the pre-development situation; and

• Negligible Magnitude - Very little change from baseline conditions. Change is barely distinguishable, approximating to a ‘no change’ situation.

Sensitivity of Receptor

4.2.3 The sensitivity of the receptor will be assessed with reference to the relative importance of existing environmental features on or near to the connection route (e.g. whether features are of national, regional or local importance) and by the sensitivity of receptors which would potentially be affected by the development. Sensitivity is not an absolute criterion, but one which needs to be considered in relation to characteristics of the proposed development and the anticipated effects.

4.2.4 Criteria for the determination of sensitivity (high, medium, or low) will be established based on legislation, statutory designation, guidance and professional judgment.

4.2.5 The following criteria provide a general definition for determining the sensitivity of receptors:

• Very High Sensitivity - The receptor has little or no ability to absorb change without fundamentally altering its present character, is of very high environmental value, or of international importance e.g. special qualities of a Special Protection Area or National Park;

• High Sensitivity - The receptor has low ability to absorb change without fundamentally altering its present character, is of high environmental value, or of national importance e.g. special qualities of a Site of Special Scientific Interest or AONBs;

• Moderate Sensitivity - The receptor has moderate capacity to absorb change without significantly altering its present character, has some environmental value, or is of regional importance. e.g. special qualities of a regionally important geological site;


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• Low Sensitivity - The receptor is tolerant of change without detriment to its character, is of low environmental value, or local importance e.g. qualities of a hedgerow or industrial areas; and

• Negligible Sensitivity - The receptor is resistant to change or is of little environmental value.

Significance of Effect

4.2.6 A combination of the magnitude of the likely effect and the sensitivity of the receiving environment will determine the overall significance of effects. The significance of the likely effects arising from the proposed development will be categorised throughout the ES as follows (unless stated otherwise):

• Major adverse; • Moderate adverse; • Minor adverse; • None; • Minor beneficial; • Moderate beneficial; and • Major beneficial.

Matrix for Assessing Significance of Effects 18

18 IEMA: The State of Environmental Impact Assessment Practice in the UK, June 2011.


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4.2.7 Effects identified and assessed in the EIA are considered to be significant if both impact magnitude and receptor sensitivity are high/large or medium/moderate. Additionally, effects are considered to be significant if impact magnitude is large and receptor sensitivity is low, or alternatively if receptor sensitivity is high and impact magnitude is small. This equates to major and moderate adverse/beneficial effects.

4.3 Mitigation

4.3.1 Where possible, for each adverse significant effect identified, mitigation will be proposed to avoid or to minimise the significance of the effect on the receptor in accordance with the 2009 EIA Regulations, Schedule 4, Part 1, paragraph 21.

4.4 Residual Effects

4.4.1 The overall significance of likely effects will take into account identified mitigation measures.

Construction, Operational and Decommissioning Effec ts

4.4.2 Potential effects will be separated into three types based on different phases of the proposed development as follows.

Construction Effects

4.4.3 Construction effects are effects that will occur during the construction phase of the proposed development. This will include effects resulting from the activities associated with installation of the overhead line, underground cables, CSE compounds and substations and the removal of 132kV overhead lines, including creation of temporary access tracks, temporary scaffolding and construction compound areas and work activities. Construction effects are temporary during the construction phase of the proposed development. Likely temporary effects during the construction phase of the proposed development will be described in the ES.

Operational Effects

4.4.4 Operational effects are effects that will occur as a result of the presence, operation and maintenance of the proposed development. Infrequent maintenance will be required throughout the lifespan of the infrastructure, which at times will involve the refurbishment and replacement of equipment. Some operational effects may be temporary, for instance, during the maintenance period of the proposed development, whereas other operational effects may occur throughout the life-span of the proposed development. Likely permanent and temporary effects during the operational phase of the proposed development will be described in the ES.

Decommissioning Effects

4.4.5 Decommissioning effects are effects that will occur during the decommissioning phase of the development only. This will include effects resulting from the activities associated with the removal of the proposed development once the development is no longer required. The effects are likely to be similar to those during the construction phase but could be temporary or permanent. Likely permanent and temporary effects during the decommissioning phase of the proposed development will be described in the ES.


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Inter-Relationship between Effects

4.4.6 The potential effects of the proposed development will be considered in terms of potential effects on each of the environmental topic areas. However, topic areas such as hydrology and biodiversity cannot always be considered in isolation since changes affecting one topic area can also have indirect (or secondary) implications for other topic areas. For example, if the proposed development could affect the quality of a watercourse, there is potential for flora and fauna to be subsequently affected.

Cumulative Effects

4.4.7 When considering cumulative effects, the ES will provide information on how the potential effects of the proposed development will combine and interact with the effects of other development.

4.4.8 Several developments in any given locality may have insignificant environmental impacts individually but together may have a cumulative significant effect.

4.4.9 Important factors which will be considered when identifying the proposed assessment of cumulative impacts are the ‘spatial’ boundary and the ‘time frame’ boundary. Cumulative impacts may well extend beyond the geographical site boundary of the project. It is unlikely that small development projects such as householder planning permissions will give rise to cumulative effects when considered with the Hinkley Point C Connection Project. There is greater likelihood that major projects could give rise to cumulative effects. National Infrastructure Planning ‘Advice Note Nine: Rochdale Envelope’19 advises that other major development should be identified through consultation with the local planning authorities and other relevant authorities on the basis of those that are:

• Under construction; • Permitted application(s), but not yet implemented; • Submitted application(s) not yet determined; • Projects on the PINS Programme of Projects; • Identified in the relevant Development Plan (and emerging Development Plans -

with appropriate weight being given as they move closer to adoption) recognising that much information on any relevant proposals will be limited; and

• Identified in other plans and programmes (as appropriate) which set the framework for future development consents/approvals, where such development is reasonably likely to come forward.

4.4.10 Consultation with the relevant authorities will be undertaken to identify projects which may give rise to cumulative effects. For each environmental topic, the spatial boundary for potential cumulative effects from other developments will be identified.

4.4.11 The ES will consider cumulative effects during the assessment of each environmental topic. This will include an assessment of cumulative effects between different projects, environmental topics within the same project and whether any insignificant effects from other developments could combine with the proposed development to create a significant impact on the environment.

19 National Infrastructure Planning: Advice Note Nine: Rochdale Envelope: Version 2: April 2012’


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Purpose and Approach to Scoping

4.4.12 Section 8 (1) of the 2009 EIA Regulations (as amended) states that ‘a person who proposes to make an application for an order granting development consent may ask the Commission to state in writing its opinion as to the information to be provided in the environmental statement’. This scoping report has been prepared to seek the opinion of the Secretary of State (and stakeholders) and includes the information proposed to be supplied in the ES.

4.4.13 This scoping report identifies the likely significant effects experienced by receptors (people and environmental resources) due to the proposed development. In accordance with Schedule 4 of the 2009 EIA Regulations, the environmental topics to be considered include:

• Population; • Fauna; • Flora; • Soil; • Water; • Air; • Climatic factors; • Material assets including architectural and archaeological heritage; • Landscape; and • The inter-relationship between the above factors.

4.4.14 Baseline studies considering the above environmental topics have been undertaken to help determine the preferred form and design of development including aspects of its location. Where this information is available, it is presented in the environmental topic chapters of this scoping chapter. The baseline information is informed by legislation, policy and guidance. Where there remain baseline assessments to be undertaken, this scoping report will describe the assessments proposed to be undertaken and these will be presented in the ES.

4.4.15 In this scoping report, conclusions are made about the likely significance of the effect on a receptor based upon professional judgement, baseline assessments and the project description.

4.4.16 In some cases, only a few significant effects will be identified, which will be discussed in the ES in greater depth. In other cases, potential effects identified will have little significance and will be briefly discussed in the ES to indicate that their possible relevance has been considered. Where applicable, effects that are not considered likely to be significant based on work already carried out and on available information will be ‘scoped out’ and will not require further assessment. The matters proposed to be scoped out are presented in Chapter 15 of this report.

4.4.17 In accordance with the 2009 EIA Regulations, National Grid has engaged with the affected local planning authorities, national agencies and others on the proposed scope of the EIA through a series of Thematic Group and ad-hoc meetings between October 2012 and March 2013 during which information and ideas were presented and debated. Each environmental topic outlines how the representations received during consultation have been applied to the scope of the EIA.

4.4.18 For each assessment topic in this scoping report the following information is provided:


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• Description of the existing environment – where applicable this section will describe the existing environment under the sub-headings of the Sections of the route and by the Substation sites. Alternatively, where the existing environment is similar across all Sections and Substation sites, the description of the existing environment will not be sub-divided;

• Characteristics of potential effects – the potential significant effects likely to occur as a result of the proposed development will be described for the construction, operational and decommissioning phases of the project;

• Proposed approach and method – this section will describe how the consultation undertaken has influenced the scope of the assessment. The proposed desk based assessments and site assessments to be undertaken in the EIA will also be described;

• Assessing significance of effects – where possible, the criteria for assessing significance of effects will be described in this section. This is generally determined by defining the magnitude of effects and the sensitivity of receptors;

• Mitigation and residual effects – this section will describe how mitigation and residual effects will be considered in the ES;

• Inter-relationships of effects – this section will describe how the effects from other environmental topics will be considered in the ES; and

• Cumulative effects – this section will describe how the effects from other developments will be considered in the ES.


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5 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL ASSESSMENT

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 This chapter sets out the proposed approach to assessing potential effects on landscape and views associated with the construction and operation of the proposed development.

5.1.2 Landscape assessment identifies the features which shape the character of the landscape and considers the effect the proposed development will have on the landscape. Visual assessment considers existing views and the effects the proposed development will have on these views. The assessments will identify and assess the effects of the construction and operation of the various elements of the proposed development which includes overhead lines, underground cables, cable sealing end compounds and substations.

Background

5.1.3 Between December 2011 and late 2012 desk study and field survey work was undertaken to gather landscape and visual baseline information to inform and assess potential connection options within the preferred route corridor between Bridgwater and Seabank and for the Hinkley Line Entries. The method for this preliminary work was discussed and agreed with the Landscape and Views Thematic Group during 2012 and the findings of the appraisal work are summarised and presented in the Connection Options Report, which identified a draft alignment for consultation. Further landscape and visual assessment field work will continue on the preferred connection design during 2013.

5.1.4 The route corridor was divided into Sections A to G for the appraisal work to break the 55km long route into 7 sections of relatively homogeneous landscape character. Further study areas were identified for the Hinkley Line Entries and Aust substation. The sections and study areas were defined in consultation with the Thematic Groups and are will continue to be used in the forthcoming assessment and reporting where relevant and useful.

5.1.5 A full description of the project is included in chapter 3. The landscape and visual assessment will consider the effects of the following elements of the development:

• The construction and operation of two sections of new 400kV overhead line between Bridgwater and south of the Mendip Hills and north of the Mendip Hills to Seabank;

• The construction and operation of a new 400kV underground cable section through the Mendip Hills;

• The removal of the existing 132kV Bridgwater to Avonmouth Overhead Line • The modification of the 400kV overhead line entries at Hinkley Point; • The construction and operation of a new substation at Sandford and associated

132kV connections; • Undergrounding the existing W Route 132kV overhead line; and • The construction and operation of a new substation at Aust.

5.2 Data Sources and Policy Context

5.2.1 A thorough desk-based review of relevant legislation and planning policy relating to electricity transmission and the landscape will be undertaken including:


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• The Holford Rules – Guideline for the Routeing of New High Voltage Overhead Transmission Lines;

• The Horlock Rules – Guidelines on the Siting and Design of National Grid Substations;

• National Grid’s Approach to the Design and Routeing of New Electricity Transmission Lines;

• National Policy Statements (EN-1 and EN-5); • National Planning Policy Framework; • Planning Policy relating to the area including: • Regional Planning Guidance (RPG 10) for the South West; • West Somerset Saved Local Plan 2006; • West Somerset Local Plan to 2032 (not yet adopted) • Hinkley Point C Supplementary Planning Document (Oct 2011) • Sedgemoor District Local Plan 1991-2011 • Sedgemoor Local Development Framework Core Strategy (Incorporating the

Recommended Changes of the Inspector, Shaping the Future of Sedgemoor 2006-27) (Adopted Sept 2011)

• North Somerset Replacement Local Plan 2007 (as saved 2010); • North Somerset Adopted Core Strategy April 2012; • Bristol 1997 Adopted Local Plan; • Bristol Development Framework Core Strategy (Adopted June 2011); • South Gloucestershire Joint Replacement Structure Plan (Adopted 2002)

(Saved Policies); • South Gloucestershire Local Plan (Adopted 2006); and • South Gloucestershire Core Strategy (not yet adopted). • Published national, regional and local landscape character assessments

including: • Countryside Character Volume 8: South West of England (Natural

England); • emerging National Character Area Profiles (Natural England); • the Countryside Commission’s ‘Mendip Hills AONB Landscape

Assessment’ (1998); • the Sedgemoor Landscape Assessment and Countryside Design

Summary, (Revised Edition 2003); • the North Somerset Landscape Character Assessment (2005); • and the South Gloucestershire Landscape Character Assessment (July

2005) • The Mendip Hills AONB Management Plan 2009 to 2014; • The Forest of Avon Plan 2002; • Criteria in The Hedgerows Regulations 1997; and • Ordnance Survey mapping and aerial photography.

5.3 Existing Environment

5.3.1 This section provides a description of the existing landscape character (see Figure 12) and views relevant to the proposed Bridgwater to Seabank connection; the Hinkley Line Entries; Aust substation; Sandford substation and associated 132kV connection; and the proposed WPD 132kV undergrounding.


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5.3.2 The new 400kV Bridgwater to Seabank connection would cross a landscape comprising the flat low lying Somerset Levels and Moors divided east to west by hills and ridges which include the Polden Hills, the Mendip Hills, and Tickenham Ridge. The Mendip Hills are designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). A map illustrating the topography of the connection route is presented at Figure 13.

5.3.3 The majority of the new 400kV connection will run approximately along or close to the route of the existing 132kV overhead line between Bridgwater and Avonmouth.

5.3.4 There are several existing overhead lines which already influence the existing landscape character and views.


Landscape Character

5.3.5 The Quantock Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) is approximately 10km south-west of Section A. The Quantock Hills stretch south-eastwards from the Bristol Channel as a 19km long ridge standing high above the surrounding agricultural plain. Views extend from the open moorland and heath covered ridge across the surrounding landscape.

5.3.6 Section A comprises the Somerset Levels and Moors national landscape character area, described as a broad area of flat low-lying farmland and wetland surrounded and divided by low hills and ridges characterised as the Mid Somerset Hills. There is a close visual association between these character areas with the hills and ridges forming a distinct and varied backdrop and skyline to the lower lying Levels and Moors with expansive views from the higher ground across the Levels and Moors.

5.3.7 The western most extent of the Polden Hills (part of the Mid Somerset Hills) is known as the Puriton Ridge, which is included in the northern part of Section A. Settlement is more common on the hills, ridges and islands above the lower lying Levels, and hedgerow, shrub and tree cover increases on the ridges and higher ground/islands.

5.3.8 Local landscape character areas within this Section include the Levels and the Polden Hills. The Levels are a largely flat landscape around 6mAOD. Field patterns are irregular and defined by sinuous drainage ditches or ‘rhynes’. ‘Islands’ of slightly higher drier ground include Chedzoy and Westonzoyland in the south-east of this area. The Polden Hills are a strong landscape feature with visual prominence from the lowland wetland landscape. The southern side of the Puriton Ridge (Polden Hills) has steeper slopes and hillocks and the northern side has shallower gradients that lead down to the Somerset Levels and Moors. Woodland is a feature of Puriton Ridge with much of the remaining land in agricultural use. Several settlements are situated along the ridge, particularly to the northern slopes.

Views

5.3.9 Puriton Ridge divides views in the area with receptors to the south of the ridge experiencing views to the southern side of the ridge and receptors to the north experiencing views to the northern side. From the top of Puriton Ridge near Home Covert long distance views are available south across the flat levels landscape, backgrounded by the Quantock Hills in the distance.


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5.3.10 Receptors with views south up Puriton Ridge are towards the top of the ridge which is partly wooded and partly sky backgrounded. From the ridge long distance views north are available across the flat Levels and Moors landscape (of Section B), with backgrounding provided by the Mendip Hills and Brent Knoll in the distance.

5.3.11 The main public views of the proposed development (cable sealing end compound in the south and the new 400kV overhead line) in this section are anticipated to be experienced by persons using public footpaths, cycle routes and recreation facilities. Some public footpaths run along the ridge and pass beneath the existing 132kV overhead line.

5.3.12 Long distance views east towards the proposed development are anticipated from parts of the River Parrett Trail to the west, a published long distance walking route that follows public rights of way along the River Parrett between Steart Point and Chedington. Views of the proposed development (as well as existing overhead lines) are anticipated from National Cycle Route 3 the West Country Way and National Cycle Route 33 the Stop Line Way, which run along the minor road network, along King Sedgemoor Drain and through Chedzoy, Bawdrip and Cossington.

5.3.13 Long distance views of Puriton Ridge and towards the proposed development are anticipated from recreation facilities to the west of the M5 motorway, including Sutton’s Pond Nature Reserve, Trinity Waters Fishery and Lower Lake Lodges. The existing 275kV overhead line is in close proximity and forms part of foreground views.

5.3.14 The main views from settlements in Section A are from the edge of Bridgwater, Puriton and Woolavington. Views from properties away from the settlement edge are often obscured by intervening built form and vegetation.

5.3.15 Views towards the proposed development from the villages of Knowle and Bawdrip in the east, and from the villages of Chedzoy and Bradney to the south will be considered, along with views from individual properties along the A39 and Horsey Lane to the south of Puriton Ridge, from properties around Knowle Inn and near Martlands Farm and from individual properties on Woolavington Road to the north of Puriton Ridge.

Section B – Somerset Levels & Moors South

Landscape Character

5.3.16 Section B extends for approximately 15km from Puriton Ridge in the south across the Somerset Levels and Moors to the Mendip Hills AONB in the north.

5.3.17 Like Section A, Section B comprises the Somerset Levels and Moors described as a broad area of flat low-lying farmland and wetland surrounded and divided by low hills and ridges characterised as the Mid Somerset Hills. There is a close visual association between these character areas with the hills and ridges forming a distinct and varied backdrop and skyline to the lower lying Levels and Moors with expansive views from the higher ground across the Levels and Moors.

5.3.18 Section B is within the Clay Moors and Levels local landscape character area, and the north is predominantly within the Levels character area. The Clay Moors comprise very low-lying farmland (predominantly pasture) generally between 3 and 5mAOD and characterised by a strong rectilinear pattern of ditches, ‘rhynes’ and canalised rivers or cuts, and straight drove roads. The Moors landscape is


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described as being generally open and remote with few trees except for occasional pollarded willows and waterside trees and hedgerows that shorten or enclose some views. The Levels are a largely flat landscape around 6mAOD. Field patterns are irregular and defined by sinuous drainage ditches or ‘rhynes’. ‘Islands’ of slightly higher drier ground include Burtle to the east.

5.3.19 Puriton Ridge, part of the Polden Hills forms a strong landscape feature south of Section B and is visually prominent from the lowland area. Further north the Clay Moors rise to form the Isle of Wedmore in the east, which rises to approximately 70mAOD and includes the settlement of Wedmore and other smaller or linear developments. Brent Knoll and Pawlett Hill rise dramatically out of the Levels and Moors. Brent Knoll in particular provides a reference point in the landscape.

5.3.20 There is a strong visual and historical association between the area’s hills and the low wetland landscape. Hedgerows and small woodlands are a feature of the higher ground.

5.3.21 The most northern part of Section B west of the M5 is characterised as the Bleadon Moor landscape character area, comprising a small area of land south of Weston-Super-Mare and the Mendip Hills. This character area includes flat lowland pastoral and arable farmland, with larger geometric fields to the east and around the margins of the Moor.

Views

5.3.22 The Polden Hills provide backgrounding in views south and the Mendip Hills provide backgrounding in views north. Within the flat Levels and Moors landscape Brent Knoll, the Isle of Wedmore and Pawlett Hill are characteristic features in views. In places Glastonbury Tor is visible in the distance to the southeast.

5.3.23 The main public views of the proposed development (the new 400kV overhead line, and the cable sealing end compound in the north) are anticipated to be experienced by persons using public rights of way (PROW) running along droves through the Levels and Moors; persons using cycle routes (including the National Cycle Route 33 the Stop Line Way that runs along the minor road network between Burnham-on-Sea and Cossington); and recreation facilities and caravan parks at Middlemoor Water Park, Merry Farm Caravan Park, Cripp’s Farm Caravan Park/Holiday Cottages and Fishing Lake, and Coombes Cider Mill Caravan Park.

5.3.24 The main settlements in Section B from where there are potential views of the proposed development include Woolavington and Puriton to the south; East Huntspill, Watchfield and Rooks Bridge to the west; Loxton and Webbington to the north (in Section C); and Biddisham and Mark to the east. The settlements of Rooks Bridge and Mark also include linear settlement along the B3139 and the A38 respectively which cross the proposed alignment and the existing 132kV overhead line.

5.3.25 There are views from individual properties, particularly where they are along the minor road network which runs beneath the existing 132kV overhead line and the proposed development.

5.3.26 Long distance panoramic views down towards the proposed development and along the existing 132kV overhead line are experienced by some elevated receptors on Brent Knoll and the Isle of Wedmore. Similar long distance panoramic views north are experienced by receptors on the Polden Hills (in Section A) and south from receptors in the Mendip Hills (in Section C).


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Section C – The Mendip Hills AONB

Landscape Character

5.3.27 Section C includes the western extent of the Mendip Hills AONB, which comprises a range of limestone hills which stretch eastwards from the Bristol Channel rising dramatically above the flat Somerset Levels and Moors. The Mendip Hills limestone ridge is broken up into prominent individual hills in the west including Bleadon Hill, Crook Peak and Wavering Down. These hills comprise open downland which contrasts with the small hedged fields at the foot of these slopes. Further east the Mendip Hills rise to an open limestone plateau with much of the area in pasture divided by dry stone walls with few hedges and trees. The Mendip slopes and valleys surrounding the plateau support a range of woodland and include agricultural land with hedgerow field boundaries. The valley bottoms include marshy land, some neutral unimproved meadows, damp woodland, and parkland trees within pasture fields or close to roads. Villages are concentrated at the foot of the plateau slopes and scattered farmsteads are found on the plateau and western slopes. The M5 motorway and A38 run through the Mendip Hills.

5.3.28 The Lox Yeo River Flood Plain and the Lox Yeo Rolling Valley Farmland local landscape character areas extend over lower lying land running through the Mendip Hills with Section C. The Lox Yeo River Flood Plain is a narrow area following the Lox Yeo River cutting through the Mendip Hills. The open flat landform contrasts with the valley sides rising to limestone ridges. It is a rural landscape with large open fields bounded by low managed hedges. Views are generally channelled along the valley and up the valley sides.

5.3.29 The Lox Yeo Rolling Valley Farmland encompasses the Lox Yeo River, which creates a broad valley between wooded limestone outcrops that create a backdrop and a feeling of partial enclosure. The area is described as a pastoral landscape with fields bound by thick hedges with hedgerow trees, and divided by a complex network of winding rural roads and deep sunken lanes. Settlement is concentrated to the east at Winscombe, which is an area of slightly raised ground, with dispersed farmsteads throughout along winding roads.

5.3.30 The Mendip Ridge landscape character area includes Bleadon Hill in the west, Banwell Hill to the north and Barton Hill and Hale Coombe to the south. This area is characterised by steep scarp slopes covered in broadleaved and mixed woodland, and open grassland plateaus.

5.3.31 The northern most part of Section C includes a small part of the River Yeo Rolling Valley Farmland local landscape character area, which is an extensive area of undulating lowland north of the Mendip Hills, described as a rural pastoral landscape with irregular medium sized fields divided by hedgerow with frequent hedgerow trees.

Views

5.3.32 Where the existing 132kV overhead line enters the Mendip Hills in the south at the Loxton Gap, the valley is defined by the higher ground of Crook Peak and Compton Hill to the east and Loxton Hill and Bleadon Hill to the west. These hills form the highest points in the west of the AONB and include popular viewpoints on Crook Peak and Bleadon Hill.


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5.3.33 From Crook Peak there are long distance panoramic views south across the Levels and Moors and views include the Bristol Channel and extend beyond the Polden Hills and take in the Quantock Hills AONB in the far distance. Brent Knoll and the Isle of Wedmore are a feature in these views. Similar views are available in places from the Loxton Gap. Views across Section C look down on the Lox Yeo Valley. Views north are across the Mendip Hills towards Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon and Tickenham Ridge. From Bleadon Hill, views extend across the Bristol Channel to Wales and south across the Levels and Moors of Section B. From the northern part of Banwell Hill and Sandford Hill there are long distance views across the Levels and Moors of Section D, backgrounded by Tickenham Ridge and Clevedon in the distance.

5.3.34 Within Section C receptors have views across the valley towards the existing 132kV overhead line. Intervening field trees in the valley and along the Lox Yeo River obscure views in places with the existing 132kV overhead line visible above and backgrounded by hills. Receptor views become more expansive as the landform rises up on either side of the valley with longer views of the existing 132kV overhead line experienced, although roadside hedgerows and garden vegetation filter and obscure views in places.

5.3.35 The main public views of the proposed development (the removal of the existing 132kV overhead line; the proposed 400kV underground cables; the proposed sealing end compound south of the AONB in Section B; and the proposed substation to the north of the AONB in Section D) are likely to be from parts of long distance footpaths including the Mendip Way and West Mendip Way; public footpaths including numerous footpaths through the valley and published footpaths on higher ground in the surrounding hills; cycle routes (including the Strawberry Line along the former Cheddar Valley Railway from Yatton to Cheddar, and the National Cycle Network Route 26 from Portishead to Portland Bill on the Dorset Coast) and tourist attractions in the area, including Banwell Castle and Banwell Tower on the top of Banwell Hill.

5.3.36 The main settlements in Section C from where there are potential views of the proposed development include Loxton and Webbington in the south, Christon, Barton and Yarberry in the centre of the valley, Winscombe in the west, Star and Shipham further west, and Sandford Batch in the north.

5.3.37 There are individual properties on either side of the valley on Barton Road, Christon Road and Banwell Road, in the valley on Max Mill Lane and on the north side of the valley, with views towards the proposed development with varying degrees of filtering and backgrounding.

Section D – Somerset Levels North

Landscape Character

5.3.38 Section D extends from the Mendip Hills AONB in the south towards Tickenham Ridge in Section E approximately 13km to the north.

5.3.39 North of the Mendip Hills high ground is characterised in the Bristol Avon Valleys and Ridges national landscape character area, and includes Tickenham Ridge to the north and high ground east of the Somerset Levels and Moors. There is a close visual association between the Somerset Levels and Moors with the hills and ridges which form a distinct and varied backdrop and skyline to the lower lying


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Moors. There are also expansive views from the higher ground across the Levels and Moors.

5.3.40 The Bristol, Avon Valleys and Ridges character area comprises a landscape with wooded scarps and downland ridges, which are high and open. The most extensive areas of woodland are between Congresbury and the Avon Gorge, and on the Failand Ridge. The Forest of Avon Plan (2002) identifies that woodland covers between 10% and 20% of land in the east and north of this section.

5.3.41 The most southern part of Section D is within the River Yeo Rolling Valley Farmland local landscape character area, described as an extensive area of gently undulating lowland enclosed in the east by wooded limestone ridges including the Mendip Ridge in the south and Cleeve Ridge in the north. This character area is a peaceful pastoral landscape with thick maintained hedgerows and frequent mature hedgerow trees. Further west there are cider orchards north of Sandford and grazing land north of Banwell. The rural valley character of the area in the east diminishes in the west, where land use is more diverse and there is settlement along the A368 and A371.

5.3.42 North of the River Yeo Rolling Valley Farmland the landscape is characterised as a Moors landscape. In the south is the Locking and Banwell Moors local landscape character area, the Kingston Seymour and Puxton Moors extends across the central part of this section, and the Kenn and Tickenham Moors is in the north.

5.3.43 The Locking and Banwell Moors is low-lying generally flat and predominantly pastoral land. The field pattern is generally regular and geometric, defined by hedgerow and reed-filled drainage ditches or ‘rhynes’ with numerous trees including pollarded willow and some poplar shelterbelts. The area east of the M5 is more remote and rural in character, settlement is sparse and the area is occasionally crossed by straight rural roads, accessible by foot only further east.

5.3.44 The earlier enclosure, presence of settlement and generally more irregular field pattern (partly defined by older sinuous drainage ditches) distinguishes the Kingston Seymour and Puxton Moors character area from other Moor landscapes that are predominantly pastoral, and remote in places.

5.3.45 The Kingston Seymour and Puxton Moors is semi-enclosed with trees and hedgerows framing views to the wooded limestone ridges. Hedgerows are intermittent. The M5 runs through the centre of this character area and is noted as having a visual and audible impact on the rural character of adjacent land.

5.3.46 The Kenn and Tickenham Moors character area in the north of the section is also a flat, low-lying, predominantly pastoral and remote landscape, although influenced by Nailsea in the east and settlement at the base of Tickenham Ridge in the north. The area also gently rises north-west to Clevedon. Moving traffic on the M5 motorway is noted as visible. Isolated remnants of ancient woodland are noted in this character area along with some small plantation woodlands. Tree cover including orchards is evident south of Kenn and north of Claverham Drove.

5.3.47 Higher ground to the east of the Moors comprises the Land Yeo and Kenn Rolling Valley Farmland local landscape character area, the Cleeve Ridge character area and the Nailsea Farmed Coal Measures. The Land Yeo and Kenn Rolling Valley Farmland includes two parcels of land running east west separated by the Land Yeo and Kenn Rivers Floodplain, and comprises a gently undulating rural pastoral landscape divided by an irregular and intact hedgerow pattern.


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5.3.48 Cleeve Ridge runs eastwards from Yatton and is a limestone ridge which rises from the rolling valley farmland to a flat limestone plateau providing a backdrop to the lower ground. At the summit of the ridge open elevated views contrast with enclosed views on narrow winding combes.

5.3.49 The northern part of Section D extends over the northern extent of the Nailsea Farmed Coal Measures landscape character area, described as a raised plateau or ‘island’ between 5m and 30mAOD rising from the Moors in the west and the river floodplain in the east. This predominately pastoral landscape is remote and intimate with small to medium scale fields divided by drystone walls and hedgerows, often overgrown. Farms and residential properties are dispersed or in small groups along narrow rural roads. The visible urban edge of Nailsea appears harsh in places and contrasts with the intimate character of the area.

Views

5.3.50 The Mendip Hills provide backgrounding in some views south and Tickenham Ridge provides backgrounding in some views north. Cleeve Ridge backgrounds most views east and extends from the Mendip Hills to Tickenham Ridge. To the west the Welsh Hills provide some backgrounding beyond the Bristol Channel. Within the flat Levels and Moors landscape the elevated settlement of Clevedon and Tickenham Church are features in views north to Tickenham Ridge, with the gap between Banwell Hill and Sandford Hill in the Mendip Hills visible in views south.

5.3.51 The main public views of the proposed development are anticipated to be experienced by persons using public rights of way along published walking routes including the Nailsea Round (including six additional shorter circular walks), and several public rights of way and a permissive route running along the River Yeo, Parish Brook and droves through the Levels and Moors. Cycle routes with potential views of the proposed development include the Strawberry Line from Sandford to Yatton, the National Cycle Network Route 26 along the Strawberry Line from Sandford to Yatton and north to Clevedon, and Regional Cycle Route 10 the Avon Cycleway.

5.3.52 There are also several recreation facilities and tourist attractions in Section D with potential views to the proposed development. These facilities and attractions include the Mendip Spring Golf and Country Club, Puxton Park Visitor Attraction, Cadbury Hill, Acorn Carp Fishery, Clevedon Craft Centre and the Hand Stadium and Arena. There are also tourist attractions in close proximity in Section E on the southern slopes of Tickenham Ridge including at Clevedon Court, Tickenham Golf Club, Cadbury Camp and Tyntesfield National Trust site.

5.3.53 The main settlements in Section D from where there are potential views of the proposed development include Banwell and Churchill Green to the south; East Rolstone, Puxton, Hewish and Kingston Seymour to the west; Brinsea, Congresbury, Yatton, North End and Claverham to the east; and Kenn, Clevedon, West End and Nailsea to the north. Views south are also available from the settlements of Tickenham and Stone-edge-Batch at the bottom of Tickenham Ridge in Section E.

5.3.54 There are private views from individual properties along the minor road network which runs in close proximity and beneath the existing Bridgwater to Avonmouth 132kV overhead line.


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5.3.55 There are long distance panoramic views from the elevated landforms of Cadbury Hill near Yatton and Dial Hill and Strawberry Hill in Clevedon down. Long distance panoramic views into Section D are also experienced from the Mendip Hills (in Section C in the south), Cleeve Ridge (to the east) and Tickenham Ridge (to the north in Section E).


Landscape Character

5.3.56 The majority of Section E is within the Bristol, Avon Valleys and Ridges character area comprising low-lying, shallow valleys that contrast with the limestone ridges and scarps. This landscape includes wooded scarps, and downland ridges which are high and open. Agricultural land is a mix of arable and pasture with a variable hedgerow pattern.

5.3.57 Section E includes land in the Tickenham Ridges and Combes, the Failand Settled Limestone Plateau and the Abbots Leigh Sandstone Uplands local landscape character areas.

5.3.58 The Tickenham Ridges and Combes character area covers the southern part of Section E, and refers to an elevated ridge that rises steeply to a substantial area of high ground south of Bristol. Tickenham Ridge provides a distinctive backdrop to the flat landscape in the south. Wide views over the open lowlands contrast with views enclosed by intricate wooded slopes within part of this character area. There are extensive areas of broad-leaved woodland including Ancient Woodland. Parkland is noted within large historic estates, e.g. Tyntesfield Registered Park and Garden and Clevedon Court Registered Park and Garden.

5.3.59 The western extent of the Failand Settled Limestone Plateau extends across high ground through the central part of Section E. This area is a level or gently shelved upland landscape with large regular open fields with variable hedgerows.

5.3.60 The northern part of Section E comprises the western extent of the Abbots Leigh Sandstone Uplands described as an undulating upland area that falls to the north. Wide views extend over the Bristol Channel and the urban areas of Bristol further east. The area is rural, mainly pasture with woodland. Section E is within the Forest of Avon.

5.3.61 Ancient woodlands are frequent, and include Prior’s Wood in this section. Woodland is generally easily accessible for walkers via a network of footpaths including along the steep combe valleys. Settlement comprises scattered farmsteads and a few villages, for example Portbury on lower ground in the north of this section.

Views

5.3.62 The ridge landform divides views in the area. Receptors to the south of the ridge experience views of the southern part of the ridge and out across the Levels and Moors of Section D and receptors to the north experience views of the northern slopes and out across Clapton Moor to Portishead in Section F with the docks of Portbury and Avonmouth in Section G visible beyond. Views north extend across the Bristol Channel with the Welsh Hills in the distance.

5.3.63 Views from the ridge are often obscured by mature woodland at the top of the ridge and on the northern slopes. There are views in gaps in woodland and from the M5


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motorway where receptors have views across the Gordano Valley to Portishead Ridge and Portishead with some views northeast to Portbury and Avonmouth docks.

5.3.64 The existing overhead line crossing Tickenham Ridge is visible from parts of this area and visual receptors include Public Rights of Way, cycleways and the settlements of Portishead and Portbury Wharf.

5.3.65 To the east of Tickenham Ridge the landform slopes down more gradually towards Portbury and the River Avon in Section G. Receptors have some views with others obscured or filtered by landform, mature woodland and hedgerows. Views north are generally long distance towards Portbury and Avonmouth docks, with the existing river crossing pylons and large dock structures and Seabank Power Station a feature of views.

5.3.66 The main public views of the proposed development are anticipated to be experienced from the long distance footpaths (including the Gordano Round, a waymarked published 26 mile long distance walk around the Gordano Valley including along Tickenham Ridge); numerous public rights of way on Tickenham Ridge and on the south of the ridge including a circular walk from Nailsea to Cadbury Camp on Tickenham Ridge. Cycle routes with potential views of the proposed development include National Cycle Route 334 Clifton Link between Portbury and Failand; and National Cycle Route 410 part of Regional Route 10 the Avon Cycleway running through Portbury.

5.3.67 Tourist attractions and recreation facilities with potential views of the proposed development include; Tickenham Golf Club on the southern slopes of the ridge; National Trust Sites at Clevedon Court and Tyntesfield Hall; Cadbury Camp, an Iron Age hill fort on the top of Tickenham Ridge; Noah’s Ark Zoo Farm on the northern slope of Tickenham Ridge; Gordano Rugby Football Club on Caswell Lane; and Oakham Treasures museum at Oakham Farm, south of Portbury.

5.3.68 The main views from settlements on the southern slope of Tickenham Ridge in Section E are from Wraxall, Stone-edge-Batch, Tickenham and the elevated parts of Clevedon. On the south of Tickenham Ridge there are views from individual properties along the B3128 Tickenham Hill, Cuckoo Lane, Whitehouse Lane, and Cadbury Camp Lane to the route corridor.

5.3.69 Long distance panoramic views extend down towards the proposed development in Section D and beyond to the Mendip Hills and Crook Peak (in Section C) from some private receptors on the elevated landforms of Dial Hill and Strawberry Hill in Clevedon and at Cadbury Camp.

5.3.70 On the northern slope of Tickenham Ridge settlements with potential views of the proposed development include Lower Failand on the slope of the ridge and Portbury adjacent the M5 motorway on the boundary of Section F.

5.3.71 There are also views from individual properties on Caswell Hill, Caswell Lane, Common Lane, Happerton Lane and the A369 on the boundary of Section G. Properties further east experience long distance views north to Portbury and Avonmouth docks and the tall pylons crossing the River Avon in Section G.


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Section F - Portishead

Landscape Character

5.3.72 The majority of Section F is within the Severn and Avon Vales national character area, which comprises the lower valleys of the River Severn and Avon described as a flat low-lying predominantly pastoral, vale landscape. Woodland is sparse and the landscape is generally open. Urban influences include Portishead and Portbury Wharf, industry at The Royal Portbury Dock and Avonmouth Docks, and the M5 motorway.

5.3.73 The Bristol, Avon Valleys and Ridges national character area extends over higher ground to the west and includes the central and western extent of Portishead, and part of the Gordano Valley on lower ground. The area comprises low-lying, shallow valleys that contrast with the limestone ridges and scarps. The Bristol, Avon Valleys and Ridges enclose the Severn and Avon Vales in the west and provides backgrounding to low-lying land.

5.3.74 Tickenham Ridge extends irregularly east west to the south of this section.

5.3.75 The most southern extent of Section F includes the Abbots Leigh Sandstone Uplands which extends west and east into the adjacent Section E. The wider area is described as an undulating upland area that falls to the north. The area is rural, mainly pasture with woodland. Settlement comprises scattered farmsteads and a few villages, for example Clapton in Gordano north of the M5.

5.3.76 The majority of Section F is within the Clapton Moor local landscape character area, which comprises Clapton Moor and the Gordano Valley enclosed by the steep slopes of limestone ridges to the north and south. The pastoral landscape of Clapton Moor is more varied compared to the Moors landscape south of Tickenham Ridge and includes greater woodland cover, marshy grassland, wet and mixed woodland and occasional arable field. The Forest of Avon Plan (2002) identifies that low-lying land within Section F comprises less than 10% of woodland cover.

5.3.77 The eastern extent of Section F includes part of the Portbury Settled Coastal Edge local landscape character area, and largely comprises car depots, large areas of hardstanding and tall mature tree planting around car storage areas. Other parts of the Portbury Settled Coastal Edge in this Section comprise flat low-lying pastoral land with areas of marshy ground.

Views

5.3.78 Views from Section F extend across the Bristol Channel, and include industrial activity at Portbury Dock and Avonmouth Dock. Industrial dockland activity provides a constantly changing scene of container ships docking, loading and unloading and cranes are visible along with wind turbines and tall buildings at Avonmouth Dock.

5.3.79 Portishead Ridge includes a prominent outcrop of limestone and sandstone forming the coastal edge between Portishead and Clevedon in the south-west. This higher ground includes steep wooded slopes, which provide a backdrop to the lower ground. There are extensive views over the Gordano Valley.

5.3.80 Tickenham Ridge in Section E backgrounds views south and Portishead Ridge backgrounds views north-west. To the east the flat landscape extends to the coast where there are views to Portbury Wharf and the Severn Estuary, with the Welsh


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Hills in the distance. Tickenham Ridge, Portishead Ridge and the elevated settlement of Portishead on the coast are characteristic features in views. Views extend north-east across the River Avon with the industrial dockland of Portbury Docks and Avonmouth Docks visible in Section G.

5.3.81 Portishead is partially on lower lying ground extending west onto the higher ground of Portishead Ridge. New housing on the edge of Portbury Wharf has extended the development edge further east. Portbury Wharf Nature Reserve including a network of recreational footpaths and public rights of way lies to the east of the settlement. Portishead substation is surrounded by this Nature Reserve and two existing 132kV overhead lines running into and out of the Portishead substation site in close proximity to the settlement edge.

5.3.82 To the west of this area there are long views along the Gordano Valley towards the 132kV overhead lines as they cross Tickenham Ridge and Clapton Moor. Distant views of the 132kV Bridgwater to Avonmouth extended river crossing pylons at the River Avon (in Section G) are also available across the section.

5.3.83 The main public views of the proposed development are anticipated to be experienced by persons using long distance footpaths (including the Gordano Round, a waymarked published 26 mile long distance walk around the Gordano Valley including four link routes of shorter circuits), numerous public rights of way and footpaths across Clapton Moor, Portbury Wharf Nature Reserve and Sheepway. Cycle routes in this area with potential views of the proposed development include National Cycle Network Route 26, National Cycle Route 334 Clifton Link and National Cycle Route 410 part of the Regional Route 10 The Avon Cycleway.

5.3.84 There are also potential views from recreation facilities at Portbury Wharf Nature Reserve and from East Wood and Merlin Park in Portishead. Views are influenced by existing overhead lines. A number of footpaths run through the nature reserve and under the existing overhead lines. Receptors have long views along the overhead lines across the section and beyond to Tickenham Ridge (in Section E) and the River Avon crossing (in Section G).

5.3.85 The elevated East Wood to the north of Portishead includes some long distance channelled views towards Tickenham Ridge (in Section E) and Portbury and Avonmouth Docks (in Section G). Merlin Park in Portishead Down is situated at the highest point in Portishead. Receptors have panoramic long distance views towards Tickenham Ridge above woodland at Weston Big Nature Reserve. Views include the existing 132kV overhead lines at the top of Tickenham Ridge with limited backgrounding.

5.3.86 The main settlements in with anticipated views towards the proposed development include Portishead, Portbury Wharf, the villages of Sheepway and Clapton in Gordano and Portbury in Section E. Further west in the Gordano Valley the villages of Walton in Gordano and Weston in Gordano have long distance views. Views are anticipated from individual properties along the minor road network.

Section G - Avonmouth

Landscape Character

5.3.87 Section G is dominated by dockland and industrial activity at The Royal Portbury Dock and at Avonmouth, including container ships, tall industrial buildings and tall


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vertical features such as cranes, wind turbines, motorways including the elevated section of the M5, and 132kV overhead lines in particular tall 132kV overhead lines crossing the River Avon.

5.3.88 Section G comprises the Severn and Avon Vales national landscape character area. The Bristol, Avon Valleys and Ridges national landscape character area lies to the east and south beyond the M5.

5.3.89 The Severn and Avon Vales character area comprises the lower valleys of the River Severn and Avon and is described as a flat low-lying predominantly pastoral vale landscape. Woodland is sparse and the landscape is generally open.

5.3.90 The Bristol, Avon Valleys and Ridges character area extends over Windmill Hill in the south and King’s Weston Hill, Coombe Hill and Spaniorum Hill to the east and south-east. Portishead Ridge is distant in the west. The Bristol, Avon Valleys and Ridges character area in the south and east provides a backdrop to low-lying ground in Section G, and includes wooded scarps and downland ridges which are high and open. Land outside the urban area in this section comprises less than 10% of woodland cover within the Forest of Avon.

5.3.91 The residential area of Avonmouth is north-east of the River Avon between a redundant railway line and the road network where the A4 and B4054 meet slip roads to the M5 and M49. There is a dense and extensive area of large and smaller scale industrial units north of this road with an area of fields divided by ditches and hedgerows beyond. This area also includes sewage works; large scale and smaller scale industrial units; large car storage areas; and large commercial and distribution units; industrial estates, Gas Works; and Seabank Power Station.

5.3.92 The area to the north-east of this section, beyond the railway line and across Hallen Marsh, has a more rural and remote character compared to industrial areas elsewhere in this section. South-east of this area beyond the M49 the small settlement of Hallen is in an area of farmland. East of Hallen the land rises steeply north-east to Spaniorum Hill. To the south of Hallen and the M5, settlement extends across low-lying land, which rises up to wooded hills including Kings Weston Hill and Coombe Hill.

5.3.93 The northern extent of Section G (beyond Seabank Power Station and including Hallen in the south-east) is within the Pilning Levels local landscape character area. The Pilning Levels are described as a largely flat, semi-enclosed to open agricultural landscape divided by ‘rhynes’, motorways and a railway line and is punctuated by large scale industry. This character area extends north-east and includes farmland divided by ditches and hedgerow in the east and chemical works and the Western Approach Distribution Park in the west and north. Industrial chemical works and distribution sheds are noted as prominent, along with the two Severn Bridges to the west. Several overhead lines crossing this area are also visible.

5.3.94 Land south-east of the Pilning Levels character area is characterised as the Severn Ridges, and includes Spaniorum Hill. This area is described as an extensive, complex landform of abrupt scarps and gentle ridges which rise from the lower Levels area.

Views

5.3.95 The two extended river crossing pylons (Bridgwater to Avonmouth 132kV overhead line) are visible to a large number of receptors in the section and in long distance


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views from further away on Tickenham Ridge (in Section E), Portishead and the Gordano Valley (in Section F).

5.3.96 Much of the development in the area is industrial. Businesses in Section G are generally within industrial estates and in large units with a small number of windows on a single facade. These industrial areas are flat with views limited by other industrial buildings and dock structures and existing 132kV overhead lines cross over some industrial areas in close proximity to units. Where views are possible Tickenham Ridge, King Weston Hill and Spaniorum Hill background views south and east. Views are possible in places towards Portishead and the Gordano Valley and vice versa.

5.3.97 The main public views of the proposed development are anticipated to be from long distance recreational routes including the waymarked 225 mile long Severn Way that runs south along the coast and turns inland south-east through this section (along Poplar Way West and Lawrence Weston Road) to Lawrence Weston and beyond; the River Avon Trail (23 mile route on the south bank of the River Avon towards Pill from Bath); and the Community Forest Path 45 mile route around Bristol. There are several public rights of way along the south bank of the River Avon and across Hallen Marsh and several cycle routes in the area including National Cycle Network Routes 26, 41 and 4 and Regional Route 10 The Avon Cycleway.

5.3.98 There are potential views of the proposed development from recreation facilities and public open spaces in Pill, Avonmouth and Lawrence Weston including North Bristol Park, Beachley Walk and Avonmouth Old Boys Rugby Football Club.

5.3.99 The main settlements in Section G are Easton in Gordano, Pill and Lower Failand to the south of the River Avon; Avonmouth including settlement on elevated ground, Shirehampton and Lawrence Weston to the east; Hallen; and Easter Compton and Severn Beach to the north.

5.3.100 The settlements of Avonmouth, Shirehampton and Lawrence Weston to the east of the M5 motorway on Kings Weston Hill overlook the River Avon and Avonmouth Docks. There are potential views of the proposed development in close proximity from a large number of properties at Avonmouth.

5.3.101 In the north-east of Section G individual properties near Hallen, situated at the foot of Spaniorum Hill on level ground, have potential views towards the proposed development with existing 132kV overhead lines present in views where they run parallel to the east of the M49 motorway. In the north of the area there are long distance views of the existing 132kV overhead lines and the 400kV overhead line as they cross the open marshes and connect to Seabank substation adjacent the power station.

5.3.102 There are potential long distance panoramic views towards the proposed development from the elevated landforms of King Weston Hill and Spaniorum Hill, and from the elevated Tickenham Ridge in the south and Portishead Ridge to the west. Long distance views extend across Avonmouth and Portbury Docks to the Severn Estuary, Severn Bridge and Welsh Hills beyond from these elevated landforms.

Hinkley Line Entries

5.3.103 Section H comprises marsh and agricultural land south of Hinkley Point Power Station on the West Somerset coast.


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5.3.104 Hinkley Point C landscape restoration proposals will likely include a Country Park/Nature Reserve south of the new power station site and west of proposed overhead line entries. Proposals will comprise new broad-leaved woodland on the slopes of new gently rolling hills. North of this woodland the character of the Holford valley and the prominence of Green Lane ridge in the north will be maintained. The valley floor is proposed to be raised and farmland divided by native hedgerows linking and replicating adjacent field patterns.

Landscape Character

5.3.105 Exmoor National Park is approximately 15km south-west of Section H and comprises gently rolling open hills contrasting with deep secluded wooded valleys or combes. The Quantock Hills AONB is approximately 5km south-west of Section H. The Quantock Hills stretch south-eastwards from the Bristol Channel as a 19km long ridge standing high above the surrounding agricultural plain, with extensive views across the surrounding landscape.

5.3.106 Section H is approximately 9.5km north-west of Bridgwater. The closest hamlets of Stolford and Wick are to the east and south of Hinkley Power Station respectively. Stockland Bristol is approximately 2km to the south-east, Shurton, Burton and Knighton approximately 1.5km to the south-west and Stogursey village approximately 2km to the south-west.

5.3.107 The eastern part of Section H is in the western extent of the Somerset Levels and Moors national character area and the western part in the Vale of Taunton and Quantock Fringes national character area.

5.3.108 The Somerset Levels and Moors character area refers to a broad area of flat low-lying farmland and wetland divided by wet ditches or deep, wide, wet ‘rhynes’. Woodland is relatively sparse and this area is largely treeless. Hinkley Point Power Station is noted as a dominant feature in the West Somerset Coast landscape. The Vale of Taunton and Quantock Fringes character area refers to low-lying fields surrounded by upland landscapes including the Quantock Hills. Along the coast, north of the A39, is a rolling, open windswept landscape with few scattered trees and small villages. The landscape is noted as comprising mixed farmland generally bound by thick hedgerows commonly on top of banks, and forming irregular, medium-sized fields. Woodland is noted as sparse and the distribution of hedgerow trees variable.

5.3.109 Hinkley Point Power Station is within the Eastern Lowlands local sub-character area (SCA). The proposed line entries are predominantly within the Wick Moor and Coast SCA. The Wall Common and Coast SCA is to the east and separated from Wick Moor by the Eastern Lowlands.

5.3.110 The Eastern Lowlands SCA surrounds Wick Moor and comprise low rolling hills to about 70m AOD. In the south-west the gently sloping landform rises to the Quantock Hills. Deciduous woodlands and copses are noted as scattered throughout the area. The area’s rolling landform, woodland and hedgerow screening affects the visual presence of Hinkley Point Power Station.

5.3.111 The Wick Moor and Coast SCA includes coastal marsh below 10mAOD, subject to flooding, used for grazing in the summer and not divided into fields. Scrubby vegetation exists along drainage ditches. The area is described as being open and bleak and visually dominated by Hinkley Point Power Station. The Wall Common


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and Coast SCA has similar characteristics to the Wick Moor and Coast SCA but is separated from Wick Moor by slightly higher land known as the Stolford ridge.

5.3.112 To the east the Wall Common and Coast SCA within West Somerset becomes the Estuarine Levels SCA in Sedgemoor. The Estuarine Levels refer to an open and windswept landscape surrounding the Parrett Estuary, comprising largely flat lowland areas slightly above the lower-lying Moors. To the south-east and south the Eastern Lowlands in West Somerset become the Stockland Hills in Sedgemoor. The Stockland Hills rise gently above the Levels and comprise a series of small hills. High ground includes Pinnacle Hill at 95 m AOD and the hill fort site of Cannington Park at 80m AOD.

Views

5.3.113 Hinkley Point Power Station forms a characteristic feature in views, and some views include existing overhead lines. The power station and mature woodland (to the south and east of the existing power station) provides backgrounding in views from the south. Farringdon Hill in the south provides local backgrounding, and the Quantock Hills provide distant backgrounding in views to the south and south-west.

5.3.114 Landform is flat and low-lying across Wick Moor and North Moor. Hinkley Point Power Station is on slightly higher ground. To the south of Wick Moor the land gently rises then falls south of a minor road towards a tree lined watercourse that provides partial filtering and screening in some views towards the proposed line entries. Land rises more steeply at Farringdon Hill. Farringdon Hill is anticipated to screen views north towards proposed line entries from Stogursey.

5.3.115 To the east the landform gently rises east of Wick Moor, south of Stolford and then falls to coastal marsh towards Wall Common and Steart. In the west the landform will be raised as part of the proposed Hinkley Point C Power Station works; however the character of the existing valley would be retained, comprising rising ground to Green Lane ridge, and rising ground to the south including hills planted with new woodland.

5.3.116 Public views of proposed line entries will include views from long distance recreational footpaths (including the West Somerset Coast Path); open access land on Wick Moor; numerous public rights of way across Wick Moor and the surrounding area, a permissive footpath (Hinkley Point Nature Trail) and a bridleway running north-east from Shurton to Wick Moor Drove and east along the minor road to Wick.

5.3.117 Residential properties with views towards proposed line entries include Head Weir House in the south; Doggetts and Newnham House in the south-west; a limited number of properties on the north-eastern and northern edge of Shurton; and a limited number of properties on the eastern edge of Burton and Knighton to the south-west. Hinkley Point C restoration proposals are anticipated to filter views north-east from Knighton, Burton and Shurton, particularly as proposed tree planting matures.

5.3.118 On higher ground to the south views towards the proposed line entries are anticipated from Gunter’s Grove at the foot of Farringdon Hill, from Wick Park Cottage on Farringdon Hill and from residential properties at the top of Farringdon Hill, north of Farringdon Hill Farm.

5.3.119 Views from the northern edge of Wick are filtered by intervening trees and shrubs or obscured by adjacent property. Views north are anticipated from a number of


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properties south, south-east and east of Wick, including Wick Pound Cottage, Wick Pound House, Wick Cottage, Thurleigh and Zipe Farm. Views are also anticipated north-west from Sunny Cottage and Idson Farm to the south-east and from properties at Stolford towards existing overhead lines and Hinkley Point Power Station beyond Wick Moor.

5.3.120 Long distance views towards the proposed line entries are anticipated from distant receptors including Upper Cock Farm, public rights of way and residential properties on the western edge of Stockland Bristol. Hinkley Point Power Station is visible in a number of long distance views including the Quantock Hills. Existing overhead lines are perceptible in some views, however they are backgrounded by Hinkley Point Power Station and become less discernible with distance.

Aust Substation

5.3.121 The proposed area for siting a substation at Aust is adjacent to the existing cable sealing end compound (CSEC) close to the Severn shoreline, north of the M48. The landscape character within the area and views of the proposed area for Aust substation are considered briefly below.

Landscape Character

5.3.122 The area falls within the Pilning Levels local landscape character area. The Pilning Levels character area is described as a largely flat, semi-enclosed to open mixed agricultural landscape divided by ‘rhynes’, linear transport routes and punctuated by large scale industry. An outlier forming prominent low hills is noted at Aust. Views are noted as extending towards the Severn Estuary, South Wales and the Forest of Dean in the distance. Slightly elevated vantage points are noted at Aust. The Severn Bridge is a key feature in this and adjacent landscapes, and contributes to the area’s regional identity.

5.3.123 The Severn Shoreline and Estuary local character area lies to the north and west of the proposed area for Aust substation. This character area encompasses the River Severn and is a flat open exposed linear landscape of salt marshes, tidal wetlands, mudflats and rock. The dominant feature of this area is the large expanse of the estuary and the changing tides. Aust Cliff is a prominent landform and geological feature south-west of the proposed area for Aust substation. A prominent sea wall runs along the length of the Estuary between the shoreline and the enclosed agricultural fields of the adjacent Levels and merges with Aust Cliff and outlier. The character of this area is noted as being variably affected by large scale infrastructure, which cross over this area (e.g. the Severn Bridge) and industrial development within the adjacent area.

5.3.124 The area adjacent the existing Aust CSEC is to the north of localised high ground rising to 47mAOD to the immediate south-east and to 35mAOD to the south-west. A sewage works lies immediately west beyond a minor road, and the Severn Estuary lies to the immediate north, beyond the Jubilee Way long distance footpath along the Severn Shoreline. Land to the east and south comprises farmland and irregular areas of woodland, individual farms and a number of public rights of way and a bridleway. The Severn View Services is sited to the south-west of the proposed substation area. This service station is adjacent the M48, which runs north-west south-east to and from the Severn Bridge. The M48 and junction 1 between the M48 and the A403 are on an embankment to the south and south-


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west of the proposed substation site. This motorway separates the settlement of Aust from the rest of the Aust substation area.

5.3.125 Existing electricity infrastructure in this section includes the Aust to Tockington Tee 400kV overhead line, Aust cable sealing end compound and the Whitson to Iron Action 275kV overhead line further south. Oldbury Power Station, comprising large scale industrial buildings, is on the Severn shoreline approximately 5.5km north-east. Three overhead lines run south-east and north-east of this power station.

Views

5.3.126 Public receptors with potential views of proposed substation at Aust are anticipated to include long distance recreational footpaths (including the Jubilee Way running north-east south-west along the Severn Shoreline immediately north of the proposed area for Aust substation); public rights of way, bridleways, the foot/cycle path along the Severn Bridge and the Severn View Services (including Motel). There are also potential views from across the estuary, including views from Offa’s Dyke long distance footpath and other public rights of way at Sedbury Cliffs, which will also require consideration.

5.3.127 Potential private receptors with views of the proposed area for Aust substation are anticipated to be limited as there are few residential receptors in the immediate area and there is screening by intervening landform and the M48 motorway on embankment with mature tree planting. Views from private receptors across the estuary (e.g. from Beachley and Sedbury) will require consideration.

Sandford Substation and Associated 132kV Connection s

Landscape Character

5.3.128 The proposed development at Sandford to the north of the Mendip Hills AONB is within the River Yeo Rolling Valley Farmland, the Locking and Banwell Moors, and the Kingston, Seymour and Puxton Moors landscape character areas.

5.3.129 It is a pastoral landscape with fields bound by low clipped hedgerows, with frequent scattered mature trees in hedgerows and within fields. More mature scrub and trees are present along larger drains and rhynes. There are individual farms and small groups of buildings often with mature trees and garden boundary hedges with clusters of residential properties at Rookery Farm, Nut Tree Farm and Nye Farm and around Box Bush Stables along Havage Drove and Puxton Lane.

Views

5.3.130 Views in this area are relatively open with mature trees filtering some views. Trees are generally restricted to hedgerows, along drains and in gardens. Views over long distances from areas of raised ground are possible from some roads, footpaths and properties in the wider area. The Mendip Hills form a backdrop in distant views.

5.3.131 There are few visual receptors close to the proposed development. Nye Road which becomes Drove Way is approximately 350m to the east, and Box Bush Lane and Puxton Road are approximately 250m to the west.

5.3.132 Rookery Farm East is in close proximity however the property is set within mature gardens. There are mature trees in the gardens of Nut Tree Farm and Nye Farm which in combination with other trees and hedgerows which provide filtering of views towards the proposed development.


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5.3.133 There are a cluster of properties at Box Bush Farm including associated agricultural buildings and mature trees in gardens. Properties along Puxton Road are generally enclosed by mature garden trees and woodland along the eastern side of Puxton Road and residents views towards the proposed development will be heavily filtered.

WPD 132kV Undergrounding

5.3.134 The proposed undergrounding of part of the WPD 132kV overhead line between a cable sealing end platform pylon south-west of Nailsea and Portishead substation would affect the northern extent of Section D, Tickenham Ridge in Section E, and Section F.

5.3.135 Brief descriptions of existing landscape character and views in Sections D, E and F are described in earlier sections. Landscape and visual assessment work specific to this element of the proposed development will consider existing landscape character and views relevant to the proposed cable sealing end compound and preferred underground cable route.

5.4 Characteristics of Potential Effects

Construction

5.4.1 The construction of the proposed 400kV overhead line, cable sealing end compounds and substations will result in adverse effects on landscape character and views which are likely to include the following:

• Direct loss or fragmentation of distinctive landscape elements during construction. For example, vegetation clearance to allow for temporary work areas, temporary or permanent accesses, or to establish permanent clearance beneath the overhead line.

• The adverse effect of the 400kV overhead line, cable sealing end compound and substation construction on the scale, quality and pattern of the existing landscape character and the effect on any adjacent landscape character areas;

• The adverse effect of the 400kV overhead line and cable sealing end compound construction on the setting of the AONB;

• Adverse effects on views will arise depending on the extent to which construction of the overhead line, cable sealing end compounds and substation (including all accesses, working areas and construction traffic using the wider road network) appear in views experienced by receptors such as residents, recreational users and others in the area including local workers.

5.4.2 The removal of the existing 132kV overhead line will result in short term adverse effects on landscape character and views whilst the work is carried out which is likely to include the following:

• Direct loss or fragmentation of distinctive landscape elements during construction. For example, vegetation clearance to allow for temporary work areas or temporary accesses.

• Adverse effects on views will arise depending on the extent to which removal of the overhead line (including all accesses, working areas and construction traffic using the wider road network) appears in views experienced by receptors such as residents, recreational users and others in the area including local workers.


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5.4.3 The construction of the proposed 400kV underground cables will result in adverse effects on landscape character and views which are likely to include the following:

• Direct loss or fragmentation of distinctive landscape elements during construction. For example, vegetation clearance to allow for the temporary working area and accesses.

• The direct adverse effect of the underground cable construction (including topsoil stripping, excavation, temporary access roads, site machinery, vehicles and workers) on the scale, quality and pattern of the existing landscape character;

• The adverse effect of the underground cable construction on any adjacent landscape character areas, affecting the scale, quality and pattern of the landscape character.

• Adverse effects on views will arise depending on the extent to which construction of the underground cable route (including all accesses, working areas and construction traffic using the wider road network) appear in views experienced by receptors such as residents, recreational users and others in the area including local workers.

Operation

5.4.4 During the operation of the proposed 400kV overhead line, cable sealing end compounds and substations the following adverse effects on landscape character and views are likely to arise:

• Direct loss or fragmentation of distinctive landscape elements during operation. For example, permanent tree clearance beneath the overhead line.

• The adverse effect of the 400kV overhead line, cable sealing end compounds and substations on the scale, quality and pattern of the existing landscape character and adjacent landscape character areas;

• The adverse effect of the 400kV overhead line and cable sealing end compounds on the setting of the AONB;

• Adverse effects on views will arise depending on the extent to which the overhead line, cable sealing end compounds and substations (including any permanent vehicles accesses and visiting workers) appear in views experienced by receptors such as residents, recreational users and others in the area including local workers.

5.4.5 The removal of the existing 132kV overhead line will result in beneficial effects on landscape character and views which are likely to include the following:

• The direct beneficial effect of overhead line removal on the scale, quality and pattern of the existing landscape character and the beneficial effect on any adjacent landscape character areas;

• Beneficial effects on views will arise depending on the extent to which the removal of the overhead line improves the views experienced by receptors such as residents, recreational users and others in the area including local workers.

5.4.6 During the operation of the 400kV underground cables effects on landscape character and views are anticipated to be broadly neutral, however:

• There would be permanent tree loss in the underground cables corridor; • There would be direct temporary adverse effects on the scale, quality and

pattern of the existing landscape character whilst the landscape above the underground cable route re-establishes;


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• Temporary adverse effects on views will be experienced by receptors such as residents, recreational users and others in the area including local workers, whilst the landscape above re-establishes.

Decommissioning

5.4.7 The decommissioning of the proposed 400kV overhead line, cable sealing end compounds and substation will result in very similar potential adverse effects on landscape character and views as those identified for the construction phase.

5.4.8 The decommissioning of the proposed 400kV underground cables will result in very similar potential adverse effects on landscape character and views as those identified for the construction phase.

5.5 Proposed Approach and Method

5.5.1 Since 2011 National Grid has engaged with consultees with an interest in landscape and views through a series of meetings (referred to as Landscape Thematic Group meetings). These meetings have included discussions on the landscape and visual appraisal work relevant to identifying a draft alignment (Notes of these meetings are presented at Appendix A).

5.5.2 As part of preparing the scoping report, National Grid provided statutory consultees with a copy of the draft method for review and comment. The representations received were taken into account when finalising the scope of the assessments. Organisations that were consulted include:

• Natural England; • West Somerset Council; • Sedgemoor District Council; • Somerset County Council; • North Somerset Council; • Bristol City Council; • South Gloucestershire Council; and • Mendip Hills AONB Unit.

5.5.3 Table 5.1 provides details of the discussions held, the representations received and where the representations have been incorporated into the scope of the assessments.

Table 5.1 Consultee Comments and Responses Representation

How Addressed in EIA

Queries regarding the use of the terms Sensitivity and Capacity.

National Grid is familiar with the LCA Topic Paper 6: Techniques and Criteria for judging Capacity and Sensitivity and are comfortable with the issue. The 3rd Edition of the LVIA Guidelines refers to the sensitivity of a landscape to particular type of development type we will review the wording in our scoping chapter to ensure that we are clear.

Query regarding the use of ZTV mapping. The initial ZTV was based on a bare ground model and did not factor in screening such as built form and vegetation. It was found to be of limited used in this particular instance.

Extensive site work was undertaken to gain a full


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Representation


appreciation of the baseline views. This has been used as the basis for defining the representative viewpoints and photomontage views.

Query regarding the sensitivity of workers.

Whilst this comment is noted, we are trying to ascribe the sensitivity of receptors appropriately in relation to each other. If all receptors were ascribed a high sensitivity this would detract from receptors who have a higher sensitivity (i.e. those using a national long distance trail where the sole purpose of using the route is for the appreciation of the countryside).

Query regarding the sensitivity of road users.

Query whether the term travellers would be more appropriate than motorists as it would also include passengers

We have considered this comment and think it is more appropriate to split into 2 categories: • Motorists using main roads: Low • Users of rural lanes and tourist routes: Medium (Exceptions to this will be raised in the assessment where considered appropriate). We have concerns regarding the use of the term travellers and will instead look to broaden the description to motorists and passengers.

How will locally important views be captured?

National Grid has sought to identify locally important views through the landscape Thematic Group meetings and Local Community Forums.

Query regarding the assessment of effects of night time lighting.

No lighting will be required along the overhead line and cable route during construction with all activities being undertaken in daylight hours. Some lighting may be required at the substations and reference to this will be included in the assessment.

Query regarding the position of the Cable Sealing End (CSE) Compound sites.

The areas put forward are considered appropriate for siting a CSE, which take into account effects on the setting of the AONB by utilising existing landform and vegetation in the landscape. They also take account of other environmental issues for example the ecological effects of extending the undergrounding through the levels.

Where public footpaths are referred to it would be helpful to have the number of the path added (where possible) in the final document to avoid any confusion.

Agree. This will be included in the ES.

Query regarding the use of published landscape assessments.

National, county and local level landscape character assessments have been and will continue to be used as the basis for the landscape character work.

This will be supplemented with field observations where differences or refinements are noted.

Suggestion that a more detailed descriptive table for considering sensitivity could be considered.

We have concerns with the example provided which includes factors such as numbers of properties and how much a PROW is used to define sensitivity. This is not something that we would use to define sensitivity.


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Representation


Consider using an additional ‘very high’ category

We have reviewed LI guidelines, IEMA guidance and the DMRB and consider that our definitions are in accordance with these guidelines. Whilst we amend our method to suit particular project requirements we also need to retain consistency across the projects we are working on.

Consider the use of a significance matrix The LI and IEMA have both moved away from the standard matrix approach. The latest IEMA report (The State of Environmental Impact Assessment Practice in the UK 2011) presents an EIA significance evaluation in a graph. We will consider the inclusion of this in the scoping report.

Comment relating to the duration of effects and what time periods will be assessed.

The assessment of the overhead line will be assessed at the year of construction. Where differences are anticipated at year 5 and year 15, this will be reported. Where planting is proposed around the CSE compound and substations as part of the proposed development the assessments will include a period following establishment.

This has been incorporated in to the scoping chapter.

What is the extent of the area considered for on and off site planting?

It is difficult to acquire land for planting (compulsory purchase would require demonstration that the development is totally unacceptable without the planting).

It is also a balance of what receptors want. For example if views are presently open then the change to a view could be that part of an overhead line is visible in the view. If planting was used in the foreground of the receptor it would filter views to the overhead line over time but this will also close the view obscuring longer distance views.

Recommend referring to the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges particularly in relation to the presentation of drawings and schedules of information for linear projects.

We have referred to the Design Manual for roads and Bridges Interim Advice note 135.10. The plans and schedules that we will prepare will have many similarities to Visual Effects Drawings (VED) and Visual Effects Schedules (VES).

Query regarding the use of the terms ‘study area’ and ‘sections’

This chapter has been updated to ensure the use of the term ‘study area’ and ‘section’ is appropriate and that they are clearly defined.

Clarification of sequential assessment approach requested

Views will be recorded along the length of identified long distance footpaths. A description will record changes to views as a receptor travels along a route. This will be visually recorded on a plan.

Will bridleways be considered in the assessment

All bridleways will be considered within the zone up to 1km from the proposed connection. Beyond this area they will be considered where identified as a representative view. We will review the text to ensure this is clear.


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Representation


What information has been used as the basis for defining the representative viewpoints

Extensive site work was undertaken in 2012 to gain an appreciation of the baseline views and this has been used as the basis for defining the representative viewpoints and photomontage views. Feedback from the Landscape and Historic Environment Thematic Groups has also been considered in the identification of representative views.

Queries on ZTV Methodology Any ZTV used in the Environmental Statement will include a full description of the process used to generate it on the drawing. We will use NextMap Britain 10m DTM Data to prepare any ZTV.

We would generate the ZTV to 10km with fading to the outer edges to indicate distance. Whilst an overhead line can be seen at a distance of 10km it does not form a prominent part of the view beyond 3km.

Query how locally important views will be captured

We have sought to identify locally important views through the landscape Thematic Group meetings and Community Forums

Query examples used in the Significance of Visual Effects tables

These are examples only. We will ensure that all of our assessment work is transparently presented so that it is clear how our judgements have been made. It is however a judgement based evaluation which is why we cite examples rather than including a matrix to calculate significance where exceptions are more difficult to define

No threshold of significance is identified IEMA do not advocate the identification of a threshold of significance, which is particularly noted in their 2011 report The State of Environmental Impact Assessment in the UK.

All effects are considered with different levels of significance ascribed.

What developments will be considered in the cumulative assessment?

Planning Inspectorate Advice Note 9 sets out that other major developments will need to be considered in assessing cumulative effects. • Major developments include: • those under construction; • permitted but not yet implemented; • submitted but not yet determined; • projects on the planning inspectorates

programme of projects; and • those identified in development plans and other

plans which are reasonably likely to come forward.

Limitations in the production of photomontage and modelling should be included in the scoping report.

Scoping chapter wording amended. In the ES detailed information explaining how the photographs have been taken and how they should be viewed will be included. Guidelines change, but we need to ensure that we use the most contemporary guidance.


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5.5.4 Consultation with the Landscape and Views Thematic Group will continue throughout the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

5.5.5 The assessment of landscape and visual effects will be undertaken by Chartered Landscape Architects from TEP who are experienced in landscape and visual assessment. The Landscape Institute (LI) and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA) have produced guidelines which have been used as a basis for establishing the method for this assessment ‘Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment – Second Edition’, Landscape Institute/Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment, 2002 (GLVIA). The LI and IEMA have recently consulted on the 3rd Edition and our method will be reviewed to ensure it is compliant with this best practice as it emerges.

5.5.6 The methods of assessment of effects on landscape and on views are described in turn below although it is acknowledged that there is a relationship between the perception of landscape character and the experience of viewers (receptors).

Method for Landscape Assessment

5.5.7 The desk and field survey will build on the work already undertaken to inform the earlier stages of this project. National, county and local level landscape character assessments will be used as the basis for the landscape assessment which will be supplemented with field observations where differences of refinements are noted. An evaluation will be made of the importance or value of key features and character, the condition or quality of the landscape and also its sensitivity to accommodate a particular development without significantly affecting its character.

5.5.8 Landscape value assessment considers the relative value that is attached to a landscape. Highly valued landscapes are typically identified by national level designations such as National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Landscapes of local value may be identified by designations in the local planning process such as Areas of Great Landscape Value and Special Landscape Areas although central government guidance advocates a ‘criteria-based’ approach to landscape protection and enhancement.

5.5.9 Landscape condition, or quality, is a factual description of the physical state of the landscape, and considers its intactness from visual and functional perspectives.

5.5.10 Landscape sensitivity considers the value and condition of the landscape and refers to the degree to which a landscape can accommodate change without suffering detrimental effects on its character. This varies with:

• existing land use; • the pattern and scale of the landscape; • visual enclosure/openness; • the scope for mitigation which would be in character with the existing landscape

(where appropriate); and • the value placed on the landscape.

5.5.11 The sensitivity of a landscape to accommodate change is dependent on the characteristics of the receiving landscape and the type and nature of the proposed development. For example, a larger scale landscape may be able to accommodate a large development more readily than an area with a smaller more complex landscape character. Landscape types also have varying sensitivity to the types of development they are able to accommodate.


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5.5.12 Magnitude considers the scale of change (i.e. whether it is high/medium/low); its nature (adverse or beneficial); and its duration (short, medium, long-term/permanent or temporary). More weight is usually given to effects that are greater in scale and permanent or long-term in duration.

Table 5.2 Magnitude of Effect on Landscape Character

Magnitude of Effect Typical Criteria

High

Major alteration to key features or characteristics in the existing landscape and/or the introduction of elements considered totally uncharacteristic. Typically this would be where there would be a great scale of change to the character of a landscape.

Moderate

Partial alteration to key features or characteristics of the existing landscape and/or the introduction of prominent elements. Typically this would be where there would be a perceivable scale of change to the character of a landscape.

Low

Minor alteration to key features and characteristics of the existing landscape and/or the introduction of features which may already be present in the landscape. Typically this would be where there is a low scale of change to the character of a landscape.

Negligible

A very minor alteration to key features or characteristics of the existing landscape. Typically this would be where the scale of change on the baseline landscape character would be barely perceptible.

5.5.13 The significance of the effect of a development on the landscape is not an absolute scale but is a judgement based on the magnitude of the anticipated effect (or scale of change) and the sensitivity of the landscape to accommodate a particular development.

5.5.14 The significance of effect also considers the nature of the effect. Change can be consistent with (neutral effect) or can enhance the landscape (beneficial effect). Conversely it may be at odds with or harmful to the landscape’s key features or character (adverse effect). The significance of landscape effects will be considered according to the criteria adapted from examples given in LI/IEMA (2002) and as presented in Table 7.2 below.

Table 5.3 Significance of Landscape Effects

Significance Definition

Major adverse

The proposed development would:

• be at complete variance with the landform, scale and pattern of the landscape;

• would permanently degrade, diminish or destroy the integrity of valued characteristic features and/or their setting

• would substantially damage a high quality, highly valued landscape.


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Significance Definition

Moderate adverse


• be at considerable variance with the landform, scale and pattern of the landscape;

• would degrade, diminish or destroy the integrity of some characteristic features and/or their setting

• would cause damage to the character of a valued landscape.

Minor adverse


• not quite fit into the landform, scale and pattern of the landscape;

• have an adverse effect on an area of recognised landscape character.

Neutral


• be in keeping with the scale, landform and pattern of the existing landscape;

• maintain the existing landscape quality.

Minor beneficial


• fit with the scale, landform and pattern of the landscape;

• enable the restoration of valued characteristic features partially lost through other land uses to improve the landscape quality and character.

Moderate beneficial


• fit well with the existing scale, landform and pattern of the landscape;

• improve the quality of the landscape through removal of damage caused by previous or existing land uses.

Major beneficial


• enhance and redefine the landscape character in a beneficial manner

• repair or restore landscape badly damaged or degraded through previous or existing land uses.

Method for Visual Assessment

5.5.15 The first stage in visual impact assessment is to establish the extent and nature of existing views in the study area from sensitive visual receptors. A significant amount of desk and field study has already been undertaken in 2012 to inform the earlier stages of the project and this will be used as the basis for defining the area from where the proposed overhead line is potentially visible and in identifying the receptors. This visual baseline information is presented on Figure 14.

5.5.16 Further detailed site assessment of the proposed development will involve visits to the area by car and on foot and views will be considered from publicly accessible locations. Where views from private properties are considered, the assessment will be based on the nearest publicly accessible viewpoint.


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5.5.17 The following parameters will be used as the basis for undertaking the field assessment of effects on views:

Up to 1km from the proposed overhead line alignment

5.5.18 All potential visual receptors within 1km of the proposed overhead line will be considered in the visual assessment. Where appropriate, settlements will be assessed from representative receptors usually on the edge of settlements nearest the proposed overhead line where views are greatest because views from properties within the settlements further from the overhead line generally are obscured by built form. Exceptions to this will be noted and assessed. Views along public footpaths and roads will be assessed sequentially.

1-3km from the proposed overhead line alignment

5.5.19 Between 1km and 3km from the proposed overhead line the baseline visual surveys carried out to date will be analysed to identify representative visual receptors. These viewpoints will be discussed with the Landscape and Views Thematic Group and will likely include a mix of publicly accessible views from Public Rights of Way, bridleways and roads and views from private property. It is anticipated that views along long distance footpath and cycle routes and tourist routes along roads will be assessed sequentially where changes to the view experienced by a receptor travelling along a route will be recorded.

Over 3km from the proposed overhead line alignment

5.5.20 Valued views will be assessed at distances of over 3km from the proposed overhead line. These viewpoints will be discussed during consultation with the Landscape Thematic Group.

5.5.21 A typical 400kV overhead line pylon can be seen up to distances of approximately 10km, however visibility diminishes with distance. From distances of over 3km it may be possible to discern an overhead line on a clear day however it would not form a prominent part of that view.

Assessment of the effects of the removal of the 132kV overhead line and effects of undergrounding

5.5.22 The assessment of the effects on views resulting from the removal of the existing 132kV overhead line and installation of the underground cables will follow the same approach described above for the new overhead line connection. It is not proposed that any change to views would be assessed at a distance of over 3km from the 132kV line.

Assessment of cable sealing end compounds and substations

5.5.23 The assessment of effects on views of the cable sealing end compounds and substation elements of the development will follow the same approach described above up to a distance of 3km. These elements of the project are site specific and will have more localised effects on landscape and views compared to the proposed overhead line.

Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) Mapping

5.5.24 ZTV mapping is used to determine the area over which a development can be theoretically seen. It does not take the place of site visits to determine the reality of


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visibility as it cannot take into account accurately the effects of localised screening such as hedgerows and it does not convey the nature, magnitude or significance of the effect. It is a useful tool to give a broad indication from where a proposed overhead line may be seen. ZTV maps are generated by computer from a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) representing the bare ground topography overlaid on a map base although significant areas of vegetation (woodlands) and built form (settlements) can be ascribed a height and added to understand how this affects visibility.

5.5.25 ZTV mapping of a potential overhead line connection has already been used to help inform the visual baseline surveys carried out in the field. Further ZTV mapping of the draft alignment is presented at Figure 15 and will be used as appropriate in the development of the project. For example ZTV mapping of the substation and cable sealing end compounds may assist in defining the visual extent of these particular elements.

Receptor Sensitivity

5.5.26 Visual receptors are those considered to potentially have a view of a proposed development. The sensitivity of visual receptors depends upon the location of viewpoint, the activity of the receptor, expectations of the view. For example the user of a footpath for the purposes of recreation and the enjoyment of the countryside is considered to be of higher sensitivity than a worker in their work place where the key focus is on work rather than views out from the workplace.

5.5.27 In visual assessment, lower storey views from residential properties are generally considered to be more sensitive than upper storey views, as these are the rooms in which residents spend more time experiencing the view. There are exceptions to this as some residences have living rooms on upper storeys and this will be taken into consideration if evident.

5.5.28 The land use planning system considers that public views are of greater value than views from private property. In this assessment, sensitivity will generally be assigned to receptors as shown below.

Table 5.4 Sensitivity of Receptors

Receptor Relative Sensitivity

Residential properties (Lower storeys and gardens) High

Residential properties (Upper storeys) Medium

Users of public rights of way and other recreation routes High

Public Open Space High

Users of Sports Pitches Low

Users of Golf Courses Medium

Workers in their work place Low

Workers on the land Medium

Motorists and passengers on main roads Low

Motorists and passengers on rural lanes and tourist routes Medium


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Receptor Relative Sensitivity

Rail Passengers Medium

Importance of View

5.5.29 The importance of the view is considered in the context of the value placed on a scene, alternatives available and the relative scenic quality of a view. Reference to a view in a guidebook or on a tourist map indicates a highly important view which can be experienced by many people. Locally important views will be identified through discussions with the Landscape Thematic Group and Community Forums

Magnitude of Effect

5.5.30 The magnitude of effect takes into account the nature and scale of a development and how it will affect an identified receptor. The following aspects will be taken into consideration in determining the magnitude of effect on a receptor.

Distance between the receptor and the overhead line/development

5.5.31 The distance between the receptor and the proposed development is important with the magnitude generally decreasing with distance.

Angle of View

5.5.32 The angle of view will be taken into consideration with changes to direct views largely considered to be of greater importance than changes in oblique or indirect views.

Proportion of view affected

5.5.33 The proportion of view affected is an important consideration, with a change to a large proportion generally having a greater effect than a change to a small proportion.

Filtering of the view

5.5.34 Any filtering of a view by vegetation, landform or built form will be taken into consideration as the filtering of even part of a development can reduce the scale of change on the view. Consideration will be given to the extent of filtering in ‘full leaf’ and during winter.

Topography and landform

5.5.35 Consideration will be given to whether the development is looked down to, looked up to or whether it is viewed on a level. Views up to a development are generally considered to be of greater magnitude due to the enhanced verticality of the structures than views down to a development where the apparent height appears reduced.

Backgrounding

5.5.36 With specific reference to new overhead line, the lattice structures of pylons and the conductors are more difficult to make out when viewed against a textured background than against an open sky background. Any backgrounding of a view


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by vegetation, landform or built form will be taken into consideration as backgrounding generally minimises the scale of change on the view as is acknowledged in the ‘Holford Rules’.

Degree of Change

5.5.37 Consideration will be given to the scale or degree of change from the present views experienced. For example the introduction of an overhead line into a view where similar structures are already present is more likely to result in a lower scale of change than the introduction of an overhead line into a view where there are no existing structures present.

5.5.38 Table 5.5 describes magnitude criteria for visual assessment which can be adverse or beneficial.

Table 5.5 Criteria for Assessment of Magnitude on Effects of View

Magnitude of Effect

Typical Criteria

High

High alteration to the existing view and/or the introduction of elements considered totally uncharacteristic in the view.

Typically this would be where a development would be seen in close proximity with a large proportion of the view affected with no/minimal filtering or backgrounding and there would be a great scale of change from the present situation.

Moderate

Partial alteration to the existing view and/or the introduction of prominent elements in the view.

Typically this would be where a development would be seen in views where a moderate proportion of the view is affected. There may be some screening or backgrounding which minimise the scale of change from the present situation.

Low

Low alteration to the existing view and/or the introduction of features which may already be present in views.

Typically this would be where a development would be seen in distant views; where only a small proportion of the view if affected; where the effect is reduced due to a high degree of filtering or backgrounding or where there is a low scale of change from the existing view.

Negligible

Very low alteration to the existing view.

Typically this would be where a development would be barely perceptible within a long distance panoramic view and or where a very small proportion of the view is affected. The scale of change from the existing view would be barely perceptible.

5.6 Assessing Significance of Effect

5.6.1 The assessment of the significance of visual effects is a judgement based on the sensitivity of the receptor, the importance of the view and the magnitude of the effect. Large-scale changes which introduce new, discordant or intrusive elements into the view of a sensitive receptor are considered to be more likely to be more significant than small changes or changes involving features already present in the view or changes in the views of less sensitive receptors. Changes in views from recognised and important viewpoints or amenity routes are likely to be more


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significant than changes affecting other less important paths, roads and private residences.

5.6.2 The significance of effects can be adverse or beneficial and will be considered in the context of the comparative scale in Table 5.6

Table 5.6 Significance of Visual Effects

Significance Typical Criteria

Major

An effect of major significance is generally recorded where a high magnitude of effect occurs to a highly sensitive receptor. For example where an unobstructed view of development would represent a large part of the view from a recreational footpath where views are presently open and of high scenic quality.

Moderate

An effect of moderate significance is generally recorded where a moderate magnitude of effect is experienced by a receptor of high or medium sensitivity. For example where part of a development is visible in a view from a private property, but where it does not comprise the whole view.

Minor

An effect of minor significance generally relates to a low magnitude of effect and often relates to a change in a distant view or a change in only a small part of a view, possibly because the view is already screened to a large extent.

Negligible An effect of negligible significance is where the change to a view will be barely perceptible from the view presently experienced.

Mitigation

5.6.3 Mitigation to address the adverse effects on landscape and views in relation to both below and above ground infrastructure will be considered in the assessment. These measures will include the design and micro-siting of infrastructure and temporary working areas, and on-site and off-site planting proposals to minimise landscape and visual effects. In addition, opportunities for landscape enhancement as a result of overhead line removal will be considered. Detailed mitigation proposals will be described in the Environmental Statement and will be factored into the assessment. The assessment of the development will be undertaken at the year of commission. Where differences are anticipated following the establishment of mitigation planting this will be reported.

5.7 Inter-Relationship of Effects

5.7.1 The landscape and visual assessment will consider any inter-relationship of effects from the proposed development between different aspects of the environment. It is anticipated that there is likely to be an inter-relationship between planting proposed to mitigate landscape and visual effects and biodiversity and nature conservation and historic environment effects. Mitigation proposals for biodiversity and nature conservation could also have an effect on landscape and views.

5.8 Cumulative Effects

5.8.1 The landscape and visual assessment will also include potential cumulative effects of the proposed development and other developments of a similar scale or nature (other overhead lines or energy infrastructure projects) proposed in the area. Planning Inspectorate Advice Note 9 sets out that other major developments will need to be considered in assessing cumulative effects and includes those under


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construction; permitted but not yet implemented; submitted but not yet determined; projects on the planning inspectorates programme of projects; and those identified in development plans and other plans which are reasonably likely to come forward.

5.9 Digital Model and Photomontage

5.9.1 A digital model of the landscape and the proposed development is under construction. This visualisation tool will be used in future consultation events and Thematic Group meetings as required.

5.9.2 Photomontages will be produced in accordance with Appendix 9 (Guidelines on photomontage and CAD) of the ‘Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment’ (Second Edition) 2002, as well as guidance contained in the Landscape Institute Advice Note 01/11 (Photography and Photomontage in Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment). The production of photomontages will also have regard to the guidance provided in ‘Visual Representations of Windfarms: Good Practice Guidance’ prepared for Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) March 2006, which the LI Advice Note 01/11 strongly advises (LI) members to follow where applicable in preference to any other guidance or methodology.

5.9.3 Photomontage viewpoints will be identified which are representative of views in the area and the location of these viewpoints and the timing of photographic surveys will be discussed with the Landscape Thematic Group.

5.10 Reporting

5.10.1 The landscape and visual assessment will be reported in a chapter of the Environmental Statement. The chapter will be supported by Figures, photographs and photomontage views as appropriate. The chapter will summarise landscape and visual effects and will refer to tables included in an Appendix which will detail the information recorded for each individual receptor or representative receptor.


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6 BIODIVERSITY AND NATURE CONSERVATION

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 This chapter sets out the proposed approach to the assessment of the likely significant effects of the proposed development on biodiversity and nature conservation interests. The Ecological Impact Assessment (EcIA) will identify and assess the likely effects of the construction, operation and decommissioning of the proposed overhead line, underground cables, sealing end compounds and substations.


Desktop Study

6.2.1 A desktop review of all existing relevant records and data will be undertaken. This will draw upon the data collated so far extracts of which are presented at Figure 16 and will be supplemented with a review of any additional data where available. Data sources that have been contacted to date are as follows:

• Somerset Environmental Record Centre (SERC); • Somerset Badger Group; • Somerset Mammal Group; • Somerset Bat Group; • North Somerset Council; • Bristol Regional Environmental Records Centre (BRERC); • Avon Wildlife Trust; • Avon Badger Group; • Avon Reptile and Amphibian Group; • Avon Bat Group; • Bristol & Gloucestershire Mammal Group; • Natural England; • RSPB; • Wildfowl and Wetland Trust (Welney WWT Reserve); and • Hawk and Owl Trust.

6.2.2 In addition to the organisations listed, other sources of information are being utilised including survey reports associated with current or historic planning applications, wildlife mitigation monitoring reports and published research papers associated with the area. A list of these documents will be included within the Environmental Statement.

Biodiversity Planning Context

6.2.3 As part of the assessment a review of legislation and planning policy relating to biodiversity will be undertaken. The Environmental Statement will include an explanation of how these provisions have been considered and addressed. The review will include reference to the following:

• National Policy Statements for Energy (EN-1) and Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5 - both July 2011);

• National Planning Policy Framework 2012 (Section 11:Conserving and Enhancing the Natural Environment);

• ODPM Circular O6/2005 : Biodiversity and Geological Conservation;


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• Natural England Standing Advice for Protected Species; • Species and habitats prioritised in the UK and County Biodiversity Action Plans

including the Avon Biodiversity Action Plan; • Saved Somerset & Exmoor National Park Joint Structure Plan (adopted April

2000) • Saved West Somerset District Local Plan (adopted April 2006) • Sedgemoor District Council’s Core Strategy (adopted 2011); • North Somerset Council Core Strategy (adopted 2012); • ‘saved’ policies from the North Somerset Replacement Local Plan (adopted

2007); • Bristol Core Strategy (adopted June 2011); • ‘saved’ policies from the Bristol Local Plan (adopted 1997); • ‘saved’ policies from the South Gloucestershire Local Plan (adopted 2006); • The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as amended); • The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended); and • The Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006.


6.3.1 The areas crossed by the proposed development have been divided into Sections (A to G, from south to north). The Sections have been defined in consultation with the Landscape and Views Thematic Group to assist in the assessment process. This approach is used across all the disciplines engaged in the Environmental Impact Assessment to ensure consistency. The Section boundaries are illustrated on Figure 1.

6.3.2 The landscape is dominated by improved and semi-improved pasture fields with areas of arable land. The field boundaries are predominantly comprised of species-poor hedgerows, which are often present in association with an extensive network of ditches (known locally as ‘rhynes’ or ‘rhines’).

6.3.3 Aquatic habitats are important features within the landscape. The majority of the Sections contain a range of such habitats which, in addition to the field ditch network, includes rivers, ponds, swamp and marshy grassland.

6.3.4 Woodland habitats are uncommon, with several of the Sections being either largely devoid of woodland or containing none at all. Section E (Tickenham Ridge) is the most wooded section along the route, containing a number of ancient semi-natural woodlands which partly fall within the corridor. These form a strong connective feature across the wider landscape.

6.3.5 The following tables summarise the international, national and local designations within the influence of the proposed development for each Section. Their locations and boundaries are illustrated on Figure 17.


Table 6.1 Designations located within potential influence of the proposed development in Section A.


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Name Details Distance from Proposed

Development International Designations

Somerset Levels and Moors SPA, Ramsar and SSSI

The Somerset Levels and Moors are in south-west England and are one of the largest and richest areas of traditionally managed wet grassland and fen habitats in lowland UK. Peat extraction in parts of the site has created areas of open water, fen and reedbed. The site attracts important numbers of wintering wildfowl and waders in winter.

4km north east

Severn Estuary SPA, Ramsar and SAC

The Estuary is designated for a variety of factors, which include coastal and intertidal habitats, migratory fish, invertebrates and internationally important populations of Annex 1 bird species, spring and autumn migratory bird species and wader and wildfowl assemblages.

3km west

Key: SPA (Special Protection Area); SAC (Special Area of Conservation) SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest.


Table 6.2 Designations located within potential influence of the proposed development in Section B.


Development International Designations Somerset Levels and Moors SPA, Ramsar and SSSI


2km east

Severn Estuary SPA, Ramsar and SAC


5km west

National Designations Huntspill River NNR The River supports otter populations and a

range of valuable grassland and woodland habitats. The site is also a Local Wildlife Site.

Crossed by proposed development

Crook Peak to Shute Shelve Hill SSSI

The SSSI is designated for its woodland, calcareous grassland, acidic dry dwarf shrub heath and cave habitats and is a component part of the Mendip Limestone Grasslands Special Area of Conservation (SAC). Greater Horseshoe Bats are a qualifying feature of the SAC

250m north east


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Development County and Local Designations Stoning Pound Field South & Stoning Pound Rhynes LWS

The site contains species-rich plant communities associated with the ‘rhynes’ and is used by otter.


Burrow Pit , Puriton LWS A lake with extensive reed beds, notable plant species and a breeding site for notable bird species.

150m west

Huntspill River LWS Otters use the river and its marginal vegetation. The site is also an NNR.


River Brue LWS The site supports otters and an otter holt has been identified within the designation.


River Axe LWS The site supports otters. Crossed by proposed development

Lox Yeo River SNCI The designation includes the river, its marginal vegetation and a range of fish species.

300m north west

Key: SPA (Special Protection Area); SAC (Special Area of Conservation) SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest; NNR (National Nature Reserve); LWS (Local Wildlife Site); SNCI (Site of Nature Conservation Importance).

Section C – Mendip Hills AONB

Table 6.3 Designations located within potential influence of proposed development in Section C.


Development International Designations Severn Estuary SPA, Ramsar and SAC


6km west



10km south east

National Designations Crook Peak to Shute Shelve Hill SSSI

The SSSI is designated for its woodland, calcareous grassland, acidic dry dwarf shrub heath and cave habitats and is a component part of the Mendip Limestone Grasslands Special Area of Conservation (SAC). Greater Horseshoe Bats are a qualifying feature of the SAC.

250m south east

Max Bog SSSI This SSSI contains nationally rare calcareous lowland mire and wet grassland habitats which

700m east


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Development supports a rare grass species. It is also and Avon Wildlife Trust reserve.

Banwell Ochre Caves SSSI

Designated for its caves, woodland, calcareous grassland and scrub habitats which support lesser and greater horseshoe bats. It is component site of the North Somerset and Mendip Bats SAC.

450m west

Banwell Caves SSSI This site is a known hibernacula for greater horseshoe bats and a component site of the North Somerset and Mendip Bats SAC.

2.5km west

County and Local Designations Lox Yeo River SNCI The designation includes the river, its marginal

vegetation and a range of fish species. Crossed by proposed development

Banwell Wood SNCI The designation includes a range of woodland types, unimproved grassland and a diverse range of flora and invertebrates. Banwell Ochre Caves SSSI falls within the SNCI boundaries.

50m west

Towerhead Brook and adjacent land SNCI

The designation includes the watercourse and adjacent habitats which support a diverse range of flora and invertebrates.


Cheddar Valley Railway Walk LNR

The site is designated primarily for recreational reasons.

100m east

Key: SPA (Special Protection Area); SAC (Special Area of Conservation) SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest; SNCI (Site of Nature Conservation Importance); LNR (Local Nature Reserve).


Table 6.4 Designations located within potential influence of proposed development in Section D.


Development International Designations Severn Estuary SPA, Ramsar, SAC


3.5km west



14.5km south


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Development North Somerset and Mendip Bats SAC

The site is designated for its semi-natural dry calcareous grasslands, Tilio-Acerion forests and cave systems which provide important hibernation habitat for lesser and greater horseshoe bats and maternity habitat for greater horseshoe bats.

3km east

National Designations Kings Wood and Urchins Wood SSSI

One of the largest areas of ancient woodland remaining in Avon and supports nationally important populations of greater horseshoe bat and dormice and is a component site of the North Somerset and Mendip Bats SAC.

3km east

Puxton Moor SSSI The site contains a network of ditches and rhynes which support a diverse range of aquatic plants and invertebrates.

100m west

Biddle Street, Yatton SSSI The site contains a network of ditches and rhynes which support a diverse range of aquatic plants and invertebrates.


Tickenham, Nailsea and Kenn Moors SSSI

The site contains a network of ditches and rhynes which support a diverse range of aquatic plants and invertebrates.


County and Local Designations Towerhead Brook and adjacent land SNCI

The designation includes the watercourse and adjacent habitats which support a diverse range of flora and invertebrates.


Cheddar Valley Railway Walk LNR

The site is designated primarily for recreational reasons.

250m east

Puxton Moor SSSI and Surrounding Rhynes SNCI

The designation includes unimproved and semi-improved neutral grassland ditches and notable plant and invertebrate species. Puxton Moor SSSI and an Avon Wildlife Trust nature reserve sit within the boundaries of this designation.


Rhynes South of Dolemoor Lane SNCI

This designation includes semi-improved neutral grassland and ditches and supports notable invertebrate species, particularly aquatic beetles

Proposed development touches western site boundary

Congresbury Yeo Adjacent Land and Rhynes SNCI

This designation includes a mix of aquatic, grassland and woodland habitats and supports a diverse range of notable ditch flora and invertebrates. Biddle Street Yatton SSSI is present within the boundaries of this designation.


Nailsea and Tickenham Moors SNCI

This designation includes marshy and semi-improved grassland with a diverse and notable aquatic plant and invertebrate community. Tickenham, Nailsea and Kenn Moors SSSI is present within the boundaries of this designation.


Key: SPA (Special Protection Area); SAC (Special Area of Conservation) SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest; SNCI (Site of Nature Conservation Importance); LNR (Local Nature Reserve).


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Table 6.5 Designations located within potential influence of proposed development in Section E.


Development International Designations Severn Estuary SPA, Ramsar, SAC


5km west

County and Local Designations Abbot’s Horn SNCI The site contains semi-natural broad-leaved

woodland including ash and hazel coppice 100m west

Tickenham Hill, Cadbury Camp and Chummock Wood Complex SNCI

The site contains ancient woodland, unimproved and semi-improved calcareous and neutral grassland which supports a range of botanical communities, invertebrates and birds.


Breach Wood (Wraxall & Failand) SNCI

The site contains ancient woodland with a diverse canopy and shrub layer

800m east

Birch Wood and Prior’s Wood SNCI

The site contains ancient woodland with a diverse ground flora and an area of neutral grassland which is also botanically diverse. A notable invertebrate community is also present. The majority of the site is an Avon Wildlife Trust reserve.

100m east

Key: SPA (Special Protection Area); SAC (Special Area of Conservation) SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest); SNCI (Site of Nature Conservation Importance).

Section F - Portishead

Table 6.6 Designations located within potential influence of proposed development in Section F. Name Details Distance from

Proposed Development

International Designations Severn Estuary SPA, Ramsar and SAC


1.8km north and west

National Designations Severn Estuary SSSI The Estuary is designated for a variety of

factors, which include coastal and intertidal habitats, migratory fish, invertebrates and internationally important populations of Annex 1 bird species, spring and autumn migratory bird species and wader and wildfowl assemblages.

1.8km north and west


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County and Local Designations Fields on Caswell Moor SNCI

The site contains marshy grassland and reedbed habitat supporting passerines and water vole.


Portbury Wharf Nature Reserve SNCI

The site contains a range of wetland habitats which supports overwintering and migrating wildfowl, diverse dragonfly populations and water voles. The SNCI falls within an Avon Wildlife Trust reserve

1km north west

Drove Rhyne and Adjacent Fields SNCI

The site contains swamp, ditches and semi-improved neutral grassland habitats.

Proposed development passes within designation boundary


Section G - Avonmouth

Table 6.7 Designations located within potential influence of proposed development in Section G.








County and Local Designations Drove Rhyne and Adjacent Fields SNCI

The site contains swamp, ditches and semi-improved neutral grassland habitats.

100m south west

Portbury Dock Wood SNCI The site contains semi-natural broad-leaved woodland with a diverse ground flora and notable bird community.

850m south west

Gloucester Road Railway Sidings SNCI

The site contains grassland and dense scrub habitats and supports valuable floral, invertebrate and bird communities


St Andrews Road Rhine SNCI

The site contains open water with reeds, scrub and planted shrubs and supports water vole and an interesting flora

450m north west

Hallen Marsh Junction SNCI

The site contains grassland, scrub, pools and reedbed habitat which supports water voles and a diverse dragonfly population.

1km north west

Avonmouth Sewage Works and Hoar Gout SNCI

The site contains lagoons (ranging from open water to willow scrub), ‘rhines’ and old meadows. The site supports wildfowl and wading birds, water vole and invertebrates

700m north west


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Development Lawrence Weston Road Rhines SNCI

The site contains ‘rhines’ and unimproved calcareous grassland which supports water vole and varied floral and dragonfly communities


Salt Rhine and Moorhouse SNCI

The site contains brackish ‘rhines’ and bankside habitats and supports water vole, along with botanical and invertebrate communities


Moorhouse Farm and Stuppill Rhines SNCI

The site contains ‘rhines’ with interesting floral and dragonfly communities.



Aust Substation

Table 6.8 Designations located within potential influence of proposed development at Aust




Immediately adjacent to the northern boundary of the proposed development site



Immediately adjacent to the northern boundary of the proposed development site

Aust Cliff SSSI This is a geological SSSI and will not be considered further in the Biodiversity and Nature Conservation chapter.

Approximately 85m to the west of the development site

County and Local Designations Severn Estuary SSSI (part of) Littleton Wharf to Whale Wharf SNCI

Intertidal habitats Immediately adjacent to the northern boundary of the proposed development site

Slip road to Aust Service Station SNCI

Road verge Approximately 30m to the east of the proposed development site at its nearest point

Littleton Brick Pits and fishing ponds SNCI and Avon Wildlife Trust Reserve

Reedbed close to the Severn Estuary, which is an important feeding and resting place for migrating birds.

1.5km to north east


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Development Severn Estuary SSSI (part of) Aust to New Passage SNCI

Intertidal habitats 400m to the south west of proposed development site


Table 6.9 Designations located within potential influence of proposed development at Hinkley Point





Exmoor and Quantock Oakwoods SAC

This site is designated in part for the presence of Barbastelle and Bechstein’s bats.

Over 5km




Bridgwater Bay SSSI and National Nature Reserve (NNR)

The reserve consists largely of intertidal mudflats with saltmarsh, sandflats and shingle ridges, some of which are vegetated. The Bristol Channel has the second largest tidal range in the world and this exposes huge mudflats and sand banks in the area.

The site has an important bird population with approximately 190 species recorded on the reserve. Large numbers of wintering waders and waterfowl visit the site and some species use the area as a stop-off on migration routes.

Within 400m to north

County and Local Designations Hinkley Point County Wildlife Site (CWS)

The site contains species-rich hedgerows, neutral and unimproved grassland with diverse floristic and butterfly communities. The scrub habitats also support an interesting bird assemblage.

100m south west

Species

6.3.6 A detailed desk-based study has been undertaken and a number of detailed species surveys have either been undertaken or will be programmed for 2013. During the surveys that have been undertaken to date, a range of protected and priority species have been recorded within, and adjacent to the Route Corridor.


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These include but are not limited to bats, badger, water vole, otter, amphibians, reptiles and a range of bird species.


6.4.1 The overall significance of the effects on biodiversity will depend on the spatial scale and reversibility of effects. The approach to be used in the Ecological Impact Assessment (EcIA) follows the current best practice guidance (Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management, 2006) which focus on describing effects and stating if they are significant or not on each particular receptor. Potential effects are follows:

• loss of habitats and species through permanent land take for overhead line pylons (the feet of the pylons), for cable sealing end compounds and for the two substations;

• loss of habitats and species through permanent habitat changes along the easement of the overhead line (largely tree loss relating to electrical safety clearances) and along the easement of the underground cable (relating to deep-rooting species interfering with the technology);

• impacts on and loss of habitats and species through temporary land take for construction (for example laydown and access areas and underground cable installation areas), including short to medium term affects arising from habitat changes within working easements and temporary disturbance of species during construction activities;

• impacts on designated international, national and local wildlife sites during construction, operation and decommissioning of the development;

• impacts on waders and wildfowl associated with the Severn Estuary SPA / Ramsar / SAC / SSSI and the Somerset Levels during construction, operation and decommissioning of the development; and

• impacts on bat species associated with the North Somerset and Mendip Bats SAC during construction, operation and decommissioning of the development.


6.5.1 Due to seasonal restrictions of ecological surveys and technical programming constraints, it is necessary to undertake field surveys prior to the finalisation of the connection design. This approach allows for survey findings to feed into detailed design decisions. Ecological field surveys commenced in 2009, the scope of surveys have gradually been refined and this is reflected in the methods detailed within this section. Broadly speaking early surveys covered all route corridor options but this was narrowed following the announcement of the preferred route corridor (referred to as the Route Corridor in this document). Following the announcement of a draft alignment current survey scopes were further refined.

6.5.2 A draft scoping chapter was sent to consultees for informal comments which have been taken into account when finalising the scope of the assessments. Groups that were consulted included:

• South Gloucestershire Council; • Bristol City Council; • Sedgemoor Council; • North Somerset Council; • West Somerset Council; • Somerset County Council;


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• Environment Agency; • Natural England; • Avon Wildlife Trust; and • RSPB.

6.5.3 Table 6.10 outlines the discussions held, the representations received and where the representations have been incorporated into the scope of the assessments. Detailed meeting notes from the scoping meeting are provided at Appendix B.

Table 6.10 Consultation Comments and Responses

Representation How Addressed in the EIA Important to note that the period of drying out is relevant to whether this is a negative or positive.

The index would only consider this a negative if dry during the breeding (egg laying, larvae development) season. This has been clarified in the text.

Suggest artificial egg laying substrates used to aid egg searches in some situations.

Noted and text has been updated to include this.

NG has stated that they will not be undertaking invertebrate surveys as they have sufficient information. We would appreciate access to that data.

While the draft scoping chapter discusses the use of existing data and habitat surveys to judge impacts on invertebrates it goes onto state that invertebrate surveys will be undertaken and makes a commitment to discuss the scope of those surveys with the consultees.

It is considered that further detailed survey work will be required to establish baseline conditions for undergrounding sections. Particularly important for FCS bat features of Mendip Bats SAC.

Survey plans for the proposed undergrounding area were circulated to the consultees and NG are awaiting specific feedback on this item.

Concern that the categorisation of impacts separates designated sites from the potential impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation.

This is not the case. As with SPA bird surveys, bat surveys are being undertaken outside the designation boundaries to allow assessment of potential impacts on SAC bats, from proposals (such as habitat loss and fragmentation) which are outside the SAC designation. This approach has been clarified in the text.

Impacts do not appear to consider mortality of animals during construction.

This is not the case and the wording has been amended to clarify this.

Concern that impacts do not consider collision risk through operation phase.

This is not the case and the wording has been amended to clarify this.

Require a clearer description of the international designations in relation to the project.

This has been incorporated into the existing environment section of the scoping chapter.

Need to provide details of the HRA.

A presentation was given to the Biodiversity Thematic Group and additional text has been added to the chapter.

There is no mention in the Scoping chapter of further consultation during the assessment process.

It has always been a commitment that consultation will continue during the development of the project and this is recorded in BTG minutes from the previous years. Additional text has been added to the chapter to clarify this.


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Representation How Addressed in the EIA There is a risk that the cumulative assessment may be insufficient if the applicant is unaware of proposed developments.

Information on consideration of other projects was provided within the draft chapter and during the February BTG NG confirmed that it has provided a ‘shape file’ of the draft route and an associated buffer to each of the local planning authorities along the length of the route. In turn NG is provided with weekly information on planning applications submitted. National Grid also liaises with the local planning authorities though the mechanism of Thematic Groups and the Joint Project Team and is informed in advance of any large scale or major development proposals likely to come forward

Although not mandatory, PINS guidance recommends that baseline information is included within the scoping report.

Information analysed and mapped at the time of submitting the EIA Scoping Report has been included.

How do the bird surveys relate to the likely need to collect data on qualifying interest feature birds to provide underpinning data for Habitats Regulations Assessment for the Severn Estuary European Marine Site?

The approach to HRA on the Hinkley project was presented at the February BTG meeting and it was confirmed that further detailed discussions are programmed for the coming BTG meetings. Survey findings will be issued to BTG members as they become available.

Paragraphs on reptile survey scope are somewhat contradictory.

Noted, the wording has been amended to provide clarification.

Ecological enhancement measures need to be addressed.

Mitigation and enhancement is already referenced in the chapter.

6.5.4 Consultation will continue through to submission of the DCO application.

Botanical Surveys

Habitat walkover

6.5.5 An initial habitat assessment of the Route Corridor was undertaken in 2011 to obtain an indication of the habitats present and to aid in the formulation of the survey scope for 2012. Mapping of habitats followed Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Phase 1 habitat survey methodology20. Target Notes were used to record plant species and detail any features of interest or any incidental species observations. This survey was undertaken outside of the optimum Phase 1 habitat survey period and was constrained by access, however it was not intended to replace the full Phase 1 habitat survey which was undertaken across the Route Corridor in the appropriate season once access had been obtained.

Extended Phase 1 habitat survey

6.5.6 An extended Phase 1 Habitat survey was undertaken along the entire Route Corridor and substation sites in 2012 during the optimum survey season. The survey was undertaken by experienced botanists in line with JNCC guidelines and included initial habitat assessments for protected and BAP priority species. The current extent of the habitat mapping is illustrated on Figure 18. Detailed target

20 JNCC (2010) Phase 1 Habitat Survey – a technique for environmental audit


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notes were recorded and are provided at Appendix C with accompanying Figure 19.

Woodland NVC

6.5.7 Woodlands identified within the Route Corridor from a combination of analysis of habitat survey data, Ordnance Survey maps and aerial imagery were subject to more detailed survey. The surveys were undertaken in spring 2012 by experienced botanists using National Vegetation Community (NVC) methods21. TABLEFIT software was used to assign NVC categories to selected woodlands. The location of the woodland (and grassland) NVC survey areas are illustrated on Figure 20.

Grassland NVC

6.5.8 Following the Phase 1 habitat survey, grasslands within the Route Corridor were selected for further detailed vegetation survey due to their potential habitat interest. The surveys were undertaken in summer 2012 by experienced botanists using National Vegetation Community (NVC) methods22. TABLEFIT software was used to assign NVC categories to selected grasslands. The location of the grassland (and woodland) NVC survey areas are illustrated on Figure 20.

Hedgerow assessments

6.5.9 Initial assessment during the Phase 1 habitat survey was made of hedgerows within the Route Corridor and substation sites to assess whether they had the potential to classify as ‘important’ under the Hedgerows Regulations23. Those hedgerows which held sufficient potential were then identified for further analysis which will be undertaken where impacts are likely.

Bird Surveys

Pre-Route Corridor selection

6.5.10 The following surveys were carried out at the Route Corridor Selection phase of the development:

• Winter bird survey (November 2009 to February 2010); • Detailed vantage point survey (October 2009 to April 2010); • Nocturnal vantage point surveys (January 2010 to March 2010); and • Detailed Nocturnal surveys (October 2010 to April 2011).

6.5.11 The winter bird survey, undertaken in 2009/2010 used a combination of transect and point count methods to survey protected sites designated for birds within or adjacent to the proposed route corridors. These designated sites included Tealham and Tadham Moors SSSI, Catcott, Edington and Chilton Moors SSSI, Kenn Church, Kenn Pier and Yew Tree Farm SSSI, Biddle Street Yatton SSSI and

21 National Vegetation Classification, field guide to woodland (JNCC, 2001)

22 British Plant Communities (Volumes 1 to 5) (Rodwell, 1991-2000)

23 Hedgerows Regulations 1997


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Puxton Moor SSSI. Three evenly-spaced survey visits were undertaken across the period November 2009 to February 2010.

6.5.12 The vantage point surveys were undertaken to identify flight patterns of various species of waders, wildfowl, herons and raptors within the study area across the period late October 2009 to mid April 2010. These species are known from consultation and literature review to be vulnerable to collision with aerial obstructions. Vantage point survey locations were strategically positioned to cover sections of Corridor crossing major rivers or located between important wildlife sites for birds. The vantage point survey methodology followed guidance set out by Scottish Natural Heritage24. The timing of vantage point visits was stratified to ensure that all parts of the day were covered, with emphasis on the early morning and late evening when birds were most likely to be moving across the study area. Observation periods varied in duration from 2 to 3 hours. A number of 3 hour nocturnal vantage point surveys were also undertaken during January, February and March on nights with a full moon. Bird flightlines were then analysed to determine collision risk for each species. The location of the vantage point surveys are illustrated in Figure 21.

6.5.13 Detailed nocturnal surveys were undertaken between October 2010 and April 2011 to observe nocturnal flight activity of golden plover and Bewick’s swan within parts of the study area between the Somerset Levels and Bridgwater Bay, and also to collect data on other waders and wildfowl species which may be active at night (including the dawn and dusk periods). A minimum of 39 hours of survey observation was undertaken at each vantage point apart from one location where 30 hours were undertaken. Surveyors used radios, night vision technology and sound recorders to enhance their ability to record nocturnal bird flight activity. The location of the nocturnal surveys are illustrated in Figure 21 (VP1, VP2 and VP3 including 3a, 3b and 3c).

Post-Route Corridor selection

6.5.14 The following surveys were carried out to assess the preferred Route Corridor:

• Winter bird survey (January to March 2012); • Breeding bird survey (April to June 2012); and • Winter bird survey (early October 2012 – ongoing).

6.5.15 During January to March 2012 a winter bird survey was undertaken covering sections of the Route Corridor not previously subjected to a formal bird survey. Surveys included a combination of point counts and transect routes to record waders, wildfowl and raptors within the preferred Route Corridor with a 250m buffer. Monthly visits were undertaken as well as nocturnal bird survey visits to those areas which possessed most habitat potential for waders and wildfowl. Survey areas are illustrated in Figure 22.

6.5.16 The survey undertaken in early 2012 included an assessment of land use and its suitability for supporting waders and wildfowl.

24 Scottish Natural Heritage (2005) Guidance: Survey methods for use in assessing the impacts of onshore windfarms on bird communities.


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6.5.17 A breeding bird survey (BBS) was undertaken along the entire Route Corridor in 2012. The survey was undertaken by experienced ornithologists in accordance with guidelines published jointly by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC), Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) and British Trust for Ornithology (BTO)25/26. This method employs a transect technique, combined with point counts where appropriate and is conducted during two morning visits (April to June). Numbers, species and activity of birds were all mapped during the survey. The findings of the surveys are illustrated in Figure 23.

6.5.18 An additional winter bird survey is currently being undertaken during 2012/2013. This survey includes monthly high tide counts of waders, wildfowl, raptors and groups of other Birds of Conservation Concern (BoCC) species within 250m of the proposed development.

Dormouse Surveys

6.5.19 Dormouse surveys were undertaken in 2012 in accordance with Natural England Guidance27. Habitat Inventory data sets, walkover habitat survey information, mapping data, aerial images and desktop records within 1km of the Route Corridor were used to identify potential areas of dormouse habitat.

6.5.20 Using the above data sources, four areas were identified for dormouse survey:

• South of Puriton - Some small woodland blocks are present within the Route Corridor and within the buffer zone. There are no known dormouse records in this area.

• Winscombe to Sandford - Some significant woodland blocks are present within the buffer zone. There are dormouse records within the 1km buffer and further afield in the east.

• East of Yatton - Although there are no woodlands or dormouse records within the Route Corridor or the buffer zone, there is a collection of dormouse records further afield in the east (associated with the Kings Wood and Brockley Wood areas). These records appear to be largely separated from the Route Corridor by the developments of Yatton and Congresbury, but as a precaution a selection of significant hedgerows/tree lines within the Route Corridor west of Yatton will be surveyed.

• Tickenham Ridge - Some significant woodland blocks are present within the buffer zone. There are dormouse records within the 1km buffer and further afield in the east and west.

6.5.21 To ensure no good quality dormouse habitat was missed through this initial assessment and to determine precise locations for nest tube survey, the Route

25 Bibby, C.J., et al. (2000) Bird Census Techniques 2nd ed. Academic Press, London

26 BTO Census Unit: Breeding Bird Survey Instructions

27 Dormouse Conservation Handbook (2006), 2nd Edition, Natural England 2006 and Interim Natural England Advice Note – Dormouse surveys for mitigation licensing (WML-G37 12/11)


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Corridor was assessed on the ground. A total of 28 different locations were surveyed and the survey locations are illustrated on Figure 24.

6.5.22 The Index of Probability table provided in the Dormouse Conservation Handbook was used to ensure that the period and intensity of survey met the standard to determine likely absence. Therefore, groups of 50 nest tubes were erected at 15-20m intervals during April/May 2012 and removed during October/November 2012 and nest tubes were checked at least every 2 months during the deployment period.

Bat Surveys

Activity surveys

6.5.23 Bat activity transect surveys using public rights of way were undertaken in 2010 across the Route Corridor options. Fourteen transect routes (12 walking, 1 driving and 1 part walking & part driving) totalling over 100km were covered. Each survey was repeated twice a month from June to October 2010.

6.5.24 All results were captured onto recording devices either: Minidiscs, direct onto built in data cards; or straight onto computer (as for Avisoft device). For road surveys only, High Speed Data Acquisition bat detectors were used to ensure maximum detection of bats (Avisoft USG116 & Pettersson D1000X). Otherwise, surveyors used Batbox Duet (heterodyne & frequency division) detectors or Avisoft USG116 & Pettersson D1000X (High Speed Data Acquisition). The surveyors also used a second Pettersson D240X (heterodyne & time expansion) bat detector or Anabat (frequency division) bat detectors.

6.5.25 Additional transect surveys were undertaken from June to October in 2012 to cover areas not already surveyed. Additional transect surveys were undertaken within potential substation sites. Survey methods and frequency followed those of the 2010 surveys. In line with Bat Conservation Trust (BCT) guidelines28 transect surveys were supplemented with static recording surveys. Static survey locations concentrated on areas of potential high impact and were selected based upon observations on habitat suitability that were made during the Phase 1 Habitat Survey. The static monitoring used high quality Batcorder bat detector systems, these are factory calibrated so each unit is exactly the same sensitivity to another and results can be automatically analysed.

6.5.26 The initial findings of the 2010 and 2012 survey transects are illustrated on Figures 25 to 30. The initial findings of the static detectors are illustrated on Figure 31 and the initial tree assessments on Figure 32.

Tree roost surveys

6.5.27 During winter 2012/2013 ground level bat assessments of individual trees were commenced along the draft alignment. The assessment is following the categorisation set out in the Bat Conservation Trust guidelines. To ensure the findings of the bat tree survey are available to inform the detailed design it is likely

28 Bat Conservation Trust (2012) Bat Surveys Good Practice Guidelines, 2nd Edition. Bat Conservation Trust, London.


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that the tree survey will be undertaken in stages, initially covering the draft alignment and then expanding to cover any refinements to the alignment and emerging working areas and access routes. Where trees identified for removal or branch pruning are categorised as either 1 of 1* under the BCT guidance, additional close inspection (using ladders, rope access or similar) will be carried out. Depending on the survey findings and predicted impacts roost emergence surveys may also be required.

Water vole Surveys

6.5.28 Any evidence of water vole identified during the 2012 habitat surveys was recorded. In addition water vole surveys were undertaken in Autumn 2012 concentrating on those areas that would be impacted by the proposed underground cable route and included rivers, streams and field ditches. These surveys will recommence during the 2013 survey season to include watercourses crossed by likely access routes associated with the draft alignment. Surveys follow guidance set out in the water vole conservation handbook29.

Otter Surveys

6.5.29 Any evidence of otter identified during the 2012 habitat surveys was recorded. In addition otter surveys were undertaken in Autumn 2012 concentrating on those areas that would be impacted by the proposed underground cable route and included rivers, streams and field ditches. These surveys will recommence during the 2013 survey season to include watercourses crossed by likely access routes associated with the proposed development. Surveys broadly follow the approach used in the national otter survey30 recording evidence of otter activity along watercourses within the footprint of and up to 50m either side of the development proposals.

Amphibian Surveys

6.5.30 Great crested newt surveys will be undertaken during Spring 2013 and will include both pond and ditch habitats and will broadly follow Natural England guidance31.

6.5.31 However, the standard Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) was developed for ponds and is based upon characteristics which cannot be applied readily to a ditch system due to its linear and interconnected nature. Therefore, a simplified HSI for ditches has been developed for this project using five ditch characteristics from the pond HSI. Values for each characteristic will simply be positive or negative. The only characteristic to have a weighting applied will be water permanence, as this will prevent successful breeding while other characteristics may only limit successful breeding. The scoring matrix to assess ditch suitability is presented in Table 6.11.

Table 6.11 Ditch Habitat Suitability Scoring Matrix

29 Strachan, R et al (2011) Water Vole Conservation Handbook. 3rd Edition.

30 Fifth Otter Survey of England 2009-2010, Technical Report, Environment Agency.

31 English Nature (2001) Great crested newt mitigation guidelines English Nature, Peterborough


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Characteristic Negative Measure Score Positive Measure Score

Permanence Dry or Dries annually

during breeding season -2

Wet (even water distribution >5cm deep)

+1

Vegetation No suitable egg laying

plants present -1

Suitable egg laying plants present

+1

Fish Present -1 Absent +1

Shade Shaded (>60% shaded,

1m from shore) -1

Not shaded (>40% open 1m from shore)

+1

Water quality Poor (e.g. evidence of

pollution or enrichment) -1

Moderate / Good (no evidence of pollution or

enrichment) +1

6.5.32 It is recognised that this scoring system does not replicate the standard pond HSI which was tested against a wide ranging pond dataset. The lack of published amphibian suitability data for ditches means this is not currently possible. However, this approach will provide a consistent and efficient characterisation of ditches in respect of amphibian breeding requirements.

6.5.33 Ditches found to have an overall positive or neutral score using the five Ditch Characteristics will be subject to a full GCN survey. Ditches found to have an overall negative score will be scoped out of subsequent surveys.

6.5.34 All waterbodies within the survey area (which are not scoped out following the HSI or Ditch scoring system) will be subject to a presence/likely absence survey. This will entail up to four survey visits.

6.5.35 The majority of the survey area comprises working areas for the overhead line and will result in only temporary impacts. The access route for the works is anticipated to average 4m wide, with temporary lay down areas requiring a larger footprint. It is anticipated that loss or damage of ponds will be avoidable in these areas. Ditch crossings will be required during construction, but these will be temporary culverts that will allow water flow to continue and will be removed on completion of works (where upgrades to existing ditch crossings are required these will likely remain).

6.5.36 Natural England licensing guidance advises that temporary impacts affecting 500m2 or less of habitats within 50m of a pond require only presence/absence survey in combination with HSI. Given that the average width of the temporary access track will be 4m, the habitat effects arising from the formation of this track within 50m of a waterbody (i.e. a maximum of 50m either side of a ditch) will not exceed this threshold.

6.5.37 Permanent habitat losses will occur as a result of the construction of the new substations and cable sealing end compounds (CSEC). The design of the substations and CSES has not yet been finalised, but it is assumed that they will exceed the thresholds for permanent habitat loss that trigger a requirement for a population size class assessment. Therefore, all waterbodies (ditches and ponds) where GCN are recorded during the presence/absence survey and that lie within


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250m of these areas will be subject to a population size class estimate survey. This will require a total of six survey visits.

6.5.38 These population size class estimate surveys will be extended to waterbodies within 250m of the underground cable alignment. Although the habitat impacts from the underground cable will be temporary, the increased working area (65m swathe) is likely to push works above the threshold for this type of survey.

6.5.39 Primary survey techniques at ponds will be torch survey, bottle trapping and egg searching. Health and safety considerations will preclude direct access to water in ditches. This limits survey techniques at ditches to torch survey, egg searches (using grapnels) and terrestrial searches. Where natural features are lacking artificial egg-laying substrates and refugia will be used to enhance survey efficiency. No other standard survey techniques can be applied for ditch surveys.

Reptile Surveys

6.5.40 The Phase 1 habitat surveys confirmed the suitability of habitats within the Route Corridor to support reptiles. Records of reptiles were received during the data search and reptiles were identified during the Phase 1 Habitat survey.

6.5.41 The potential for impacts on reptiles during the construction of the overhead line sections of the connection are small and avoidable using construction phase reasonable avoidance measures. However, there is an increased risk of impacts on reptiles during construction of underground sections and construction of cable sealing end compounds and the substation sites where working areas are larger and/or habitat losses are permanent. Therefore reptile surveys32 using artificial refuges and undertaking seven survey visits per site, will be undertaken within these areas where a habitat assessment identifies good quality reptile habitat. Reptile surveys will also be considered if any compounds or pylon locations are assessed to be in particularly sensitive locations and taking into account construction working methods. Once identified, the precise locations of these surveys will be presented to the Biodiversity Thematic Group.

Invertebrate Surveys

6.5.42 The potential for impacts on invertebrates during the construction of overhead line sections of the connection are small. Existing invertebrate records in association with habitat assessments are sufficient to judge impacts on and design mitigation for this group of species.

6.5.43 However, there is an increased risk of impacts on invertebrates during construction of underground sections and construction of cable sealing end compound and substations (and laydown areas). Therefore invertebrate surveys will be undertaken within these areas where a habitat assessment identifies high quality invertebrate habitat.

6.5.44 Invertebrate survey scope and methods are dependent on the target species or groups of species. In determining site specific survey details account will be taken

32 Froglife, Reptile Survey: an introduction to planning, conducting and interpreting surveys for snake and lizard conservation. Froglife Advice Sheet 10. Froglife, Halesworth (1999)


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of known records, habitat mix, landscape features and character of likely impacts. Survey methods will reflect standard guidance33and will include direct observation, sweep netting, hand searching, aquatic netting, beating and pitfall traps.

6.5.45 Potential working areas will be visited during a site visit in April 2013 at which time the detailed survey method will be produced and circulated to consultees for comment. This approach was presented to the Biodiversity Thematic Group in February 2013 along with the list of target invertebrate assemblages. It is initially anticipated that surveys will entail and early visit in May and late visit in.

6.6 Assessing the Significance of Effects

6.6.1 The overall significance of the effects on biodiversity will depend on the spatial scale and reversibility of effects. The approach to be used in Ecological Impact Assessment (EcIA) follows the contemporary guidelines from the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (IEEM) (July 2006) which focus on describing effects and stating if they are significant or not on each particular receptor.

Sensitivity of Receptors

6.6.2 IEEM Guidelines for the assessment of ecological impacts aim to establish a standard in the evaluation of the effects of potential development on wildlife receptors. IEEM guidelines require ecological receptors to be valued (or to have the potential to be valued) according to a geographical scale as follows:

• International: Internationally designated sites or candidate sites (e.g. Special Areas for Conservation (SAC), Special Protection Areas (SPA), Ramsar Site);

• National: Nationally designated site (e.g. Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), National Nature Reserve (NNR));

• County: Local Nature Reserves; County Wildlife Sites; ancient woodlands; habitats or species populations of importance for (Somerset, North Somerset, Bristol City and South Gloucestershire);

• Local: Significant ecological features such as old hedgerows, woodlands, ponds for the local area;

• Site: Features with ecological value of significance within the Site only; • Negligible: Areas of built development, active mineral extraction.


6.6.3 The value of an ecological receptor is then used to determine the legal, policy and development control consequences of a significant impact. A significant impact, in ecological terms, is defined in the IEEM guidelines as:

“an impact (adverse or positive) on the integrity of a defined site or ecosystem(s) and/or the conservation status of habitats or species within a given geographical area, including cumulative impacts.”

6.6.4 The Government Circular ODPM 2005/06 defines site integrity as:

33 Surveying terrestrial and freshwater invertebrates for conservation evaluation, Natural England Research Report NERR005, 2007


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“the coherence of its ecological structure and function, across its whole area, that enables it to sustain the habitat, complex of habitats and/or the levels of populations of species for which it was classified”.

6.6.5 The conservation status of a species is defined in Article 1(i) of the Habitats Directive as favourable when:

"population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats; and the natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is likely to be reduced in the foreseeable future; and there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its population on a long-term basis".

6.6.6 It should be noted that the values assigned to ecological receptors do not take account of the amenity or economic values of the ecological resources. Assigned ecological values are based purely on the innate value of the flora, fauna and habitats in terms of the conservation of genetic resources.

6.6.7 IEEM guidelines evaluate the effects of potential development on wildlife receptors. They also highlight the importance of considering the likelihood that a change/activity will occur as predicted, and also the degree of confidence in that impact assessment on ecological structure and function. The following four-point scale is proposed by IEEM to standardise the degree of certainty in a prediction is stated as follows:

• Certain/Near Certain : probability estimated at 95% chance or higher; • Probable : probability estimated at above 50% but below 95%; • Unlikely : probability estimated above 5% but below 50%; • Extremely Unlikely: probability estimated at less than 5%.

6.6.8 IEEM guidance states that the purpose of assigning a geographical value to receptors is to allow effects to be considered in relation to the receptor value, thereby determining whether the effect is significant or not.

6.6.9 Significant ecological effects are those that affect the integrity/conservation status of a defined receptor within the given geographical context/value. In line with IEEM guidelines, when describing changes/activities and impacts on ecosystem structure and function, reference will be made to the following parameters:

• Adverse or Beneficial : is the impact positive or negative? • Magnitude : refers to the size or “amount” of the impact. • Extent : the area over which the impact occurs. • Duration : The time for which the impact is expected to last prior to recovery or

replacement of the resource or feature. • Reversibility : an irreversible (permanent) impact is one from which recovery is

not possible within a reasonable timescale: a reversible (temporary) impact is one from which spontaneous recovery is possible or for which effective mitigation is possible.

• Timing/Frequency : some changes may only cause an impact if they happen to coincide with critical life-stages or seasons (e.g. bird nesting season).

Mitigation and Residual Effects

6.6.10 The approach adopted for this project follows the five-point strategy of: information gathering to inform potential for impacts; project design to avoid impacts; working


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approaches to mitigate impacts, implementing proposals to compensate impacts and considering options to enhance baseline conditions.

6.6.11 Mitigation measures to address negative effects on ecology include the micro-siting of infrastructure and temporary working areas, timing of works, methods of working including contractor awareness talks and on-site and off-site habitat creation proposals.

6.6.12 The residual impact expected following mitigation will be identified.

6.7 Inter-Relationship of Effects

6.7.1 The biodiversity assessment will consider the inter-relationship of effects from the proposed development, between different aspects of the environment. It is anticipated that there is likely to be an inter-relationship between planting proposed to mitigate for landscape and visual effects and historic environment effects. Mitigation proposals for landscape and visual effects and historic environment could also have an effect on landscape and views.


6.8.1 The ecology and biodiversity assessment will consider the cumulative effects of the various elements of the project and the potential effects of the proposed development in combination with other developments. Planning Inspectorate Advice Note 9 sets out that other major developments will need to be considered in assessing cumulative effects and includes those under construction; permitted but not yet implemented; submitted but not yet determined; projects on the planning inspectorates programme of projects; and those identified in development plans and other plans which are reasonably likely to come forward.

6.9 Habitats Regulations Assessments

6.9.1 There are a number of European designated sites have been identified within the potential influence of the development:

• The Severn Estuary SPA, Ramsar, SAC; • Somerset Levels and Moors SPA, Ramsar; • North Somerset and Mendip Bats SAC; • Mendip Limestone Grasslands SAC; • Mendip Woodland SAC; and • Exmoor and Quantocks Oakwoods SAC.

6.9.2 Although the preferred Route Corridor largely avoids these designations, effects on qualifying features (i.e. species) while they are outside the designation boundaries, could occur. For example, potential bird mortality from overhead line collisions on animals moving to or from a designation. As such there is potential for the development to impact on these European sites.

6.9.3 Under article 6(3) of the Habitats Directive (transposed into UK law by the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as amended)), an appropriate assessment is required where a plan or project is likely to have a significant effect upon a European site, individually or in combination with other projects. This requirement is carried forward into the guidance set out by PINS for Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) setting out that where necessary, a shadow Habitat Regulations Assessment will be submitted with the Development Consent Order (DCO) application.


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6.9.4 These European sites will be subject to HRA screening and if necessary appropriate assessment. As with the approach to Environmental Impact Assessment, the Habitats Regulation Assessments (HRA) process will be iterative with on-going evaluation of the impacts feeding into the design process. The approach to HRA was presented to the Biodiversity Thematic Group in February 2013. The scope and emerging findings of assessments will be presented to and discussed with Natural England and the biodiversity consultees throughout 2013 and prior to the submission of the DCO application. In line with PINS guidance the aim is to achieve a consensus of opinion on the findings of the shadow HRA prior to DCO submission.

6.10 Reporting

6.10.1 The results of the ecology and biodiversity impact assessment will be reported in a chapter of the ES supported by figures and technical appendices as appropriate to demonstrate the findings of the baseline surveys and the anticipated effects. Tables will be used to describe the scale and significance of effects on receptors.

6.10.2 The ES will describe all potential effects on biodiversity and state their significance on each particular receptor. In summary the assessment will be an iterative process comprising the following processes:

• Identification of the baseline environment and quality relevant to the development;

• Identification and evaluation of ecological receptors likely to be affected; • Identification of the activities associated with the development and the resultant

changes likely to affect valued ecological receptors; • Assessment as to whether these changes are likely to give rise to significant

ecological effects on the integrity of a defined site or ecosystem and/or the conservation status of habitats or species within the study area;

• Refinement of the project to incorporate ecological enhancement measures, mitigation measures to avoid or reduce negative effects and compensation measures for any residual significant adverse effects;

• Consideration of any cumulative effects; and • Statement of the residual effects and their significance.


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7 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 This chapter sets out the proposed approach to assessing the potential effects on the historic environment (‘heritage’) that would result from the construction, operation and decommissioning of the proposed development. Heritage ‘assets’ that may be affected include archaeological remains, built heritage, and the historic landscape. These assets include statutory designations as well as non-statutory designations and non-designated historic/ archaeological sites.

7.1.2 This chapter summarises the known heritage assets that may be affected by the proposed development, and the potential effects that may result for known and as-yet unknown heritage assets. It then provides details of the guidance and methodology that the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) will use to assess the magnitude and significance of any effects.

Terminology

7.1.3 This section outlines the approach that the EIA and Environmental Statement (ES) will use to satisfy the differences in terminology employed by UK heritage guidance (i.e. EN-1, the PPS5 Practice Guide, NPPF, and Conservation Principals) and the overarching policy provided by the European Union Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (85/337/EEC, as amended).

7.1.4 Archaeological sites, historic buildings/structures and historic landscape components, are referred to in UK heritage policy and guidance (i.e. EN-1, the PPS5 Practice Guide, NPPF, and Conservation Principals) as ‘assets’. This term will be used in general; however, any assets that may be affected by the proposed development will be referred to in the ES as ‘receptors’.

7.1.5 The importance of receptors (i.e. assets) is defined in the EIA Directive as ‘sensitivity’. The importance of assets is referred to in UK heritage policy and guidance as ‘significance’, which is the sum of different forms of ‘value’ or ‘interest’ (archaeological; architectural; artistic; aesthetic; communal; historic; evidential; traditional). The term ‘sensitivity’ is defined in UK heritage guidance as the ‘capacity to absorb change’ of an asset and its setting. When discussing the importance of heritage assets, the technical appendices of the ES will refer to their heritage significance, values, and sensitivity of setting. In the non-technical chapters of the ES, the term ‘sensitivity (significance)’ may be used to refer to the heritage significance of receptors.

7.1.6 The degree of benefit or damage that may occur to an asset is referred to in UK heritage policy and guidance as ‘substantial’ or ‘less than substantial’. These terms and the concepts underlying them will be used in the assessment. In accordance with the EIA Directive, the degree of benefit or damage resulting from construction, operation or decommissioning will be referred to in the non-technical chapters of the ES as the ‘magnitude of effect’, which may be positive or negative.

7.1.7 The overall effect, taking into consideration the importance of a receptor and the degree of benefit or damage, is defined in the EIA Directive as ‘significance’. In order to comply with this policy while avoiding confusion with UK heritage terminology, this assessment will be referred to as ‘significance of effect’.


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Assessment Objectives

7.1.8 The EIA objectives regarding the historic environment will be to:

• identify known and potential heritage assets that may be affected (i.e. receptors);

• assess the sensitivity (significance) of those receptors; • determine the effects, if any, of the proposed development on the sensitivity

(significance) of those receptors; • identify possible measures to mitigate any effects; and • determine the significance of the effect on the historic environment that the

proposed development would have, taking into account mitigation.


7.2.1 Appropriate identification, description and assessment of direct and indirect effects on heritage is a requirement of the European Union Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (85/337/EEC Article 3, as amended: 97/11/EC, 2003/35/EC). The EIA Directive also provides the overarching framework for all aspects of environmental impact assessment.

7.2.2 The United Kingdom is a signatory to Council of Europe Conventions that require ‘full consideration of archaeological sites and their settings’ as part of EIA (CoE 1992, Article 5), and ‘in the surroundings of monuments, within groups of buildings and within sites…to promote measures for the general enhancement of the environment’ (CoE 1985, Article 7).

7.2.3 The requirements for dealing with issues relating to the historic environment are defined through the UK’s legislative framework, including:

• the Electricity Act 1989 (Schedule 9); • the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (as amended);

the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979; and • criteria in the Hedgerows Regulations 1997 (Schedule 1, Part 2).

7.2.4 Government national policy regarding historic environment issues for this proposed development are addressed in the National Policy Statements for Energy (EN-1; DECC 2011a) and Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5; DECC 2011b). Paragraph 5.8.2 of EN1 defines ‘heritage assets’ as those elements of the historic environment that hold value to this and future generations due to their historic, archaeological, architectural or artistic interest. In accordance with EN-1, assessment will be undertaken to identify the ‘significance’ (i.e. heritage significance) of assets affected by the proposed development and the contribution of their setting to that significance. EN-1 paragraph 5.8.8 states: ‘…the applicant should provide a description of the significance of the heritage assets affected by the proposed development and the contribution of their setting to that significance. The level of detail should be proportionate to the importance of the heritage assets and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on the significance of the heritage asset.’

7.2.5 EN-1 cites as still current the Practice Guide (DCLG 2010b) accompanying Planning Policy Statement 5 (PPS5 which has been revoked). The Practice Guide draws on English Heritage’s Conservation Principals (2008) in describing how the ‘significance’ of a ‘heritage asset’ is derived from its value (based on various forms of ‘interest’), and how harm to that value affects the overall heritage significance. It


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also states that its methods are for guidance only, and that “alternative approaches may be equally acceptable” (ibid., p. 6).

7.2.6 The EIA will take account of planning policy regarding the historic environment addressed in the following documents:

• Regional Planning Guidance for the South West: RPG 10 (2001, policies EN3,

EN4); • South Gloucestershire Local Plan (2006, saved policies L10-13); • Bristol Adopted Local Plan (1997, saved policies NE09, B22); • Bristol Development Framework Core Strategy (2011, policy BCS22); • North Somerset Replacement Local Plan (2007, saved policies ECH3-6); • North Somerset Adopted Core Strategy (2012, policy CS5); • The Mendip Hills AONB Management Plan 2009 to 2014 (2008, policy H1); • West Somerset Local Plan (2006, saved policies AH/2-3, LB/1-3, CA/1-5); • Sedgemoor Local Development Framework Core Strategy 2006-27 (2011,

policy D17); and • Sedgemoor District Local Plan 1991-2011 (2005, saved policies HE1,3,4,6-

9,12).

7.2.7 The EIA will, in addition to the requirements of EN-1, take account of the requirements of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF, see para. 3; DCLG 2012). These relate to the treatment of assets themselves and their settings, both of which are material considerations in development management decision-making.

7.2.8 The EIA will also take account of the methodology outlined in the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB; HA 2007). The key elements of the DMRB regarding ‘Cultural Heritage’ are:

• Cultural Heritage includes buried archaeological remains (both known sites and

areas of archaeological potential), standing buildings and structures (Listed or otherwise) and historic landscapes. Cultural Heritage includes sites, buildings and landscapes of all periods up to the present day, including industrial sites, and structures of the later twentieth century (HA 2007, p. 2/1);

• there is a presumption in favour of the preservation in situ of Cultural Heritage assets; assets that are considered to be of ‘national importance’ will be avoided where possible (HA 2007, p. 2/3, para. 2.17);

• assessment must be tailored to the characteristics of the proposed development, and carried out at the appropriate level of detail (Scoping, Simple Assessment, and/or Detailed Assessment). (HA 2007, p. 3/1, para. 3.2); and

• assessment must feed into the design process at the appropriate stages and assist the designers, meet statutory requirements and assist the decision-maker, characterise and value the Cultural Heritage resource, and identify impacts, mitigation, mitigated impact and the significance of the effect of the proposed development (HA 2007, p. 3/1, para. 3.2).

7.2.9 The EIA will also be undertaken in accordance with the Institute for Archaeologists’ (IfA) Code of Conduct, standards and guidance, with other standards and guidance where appropriate, and with relevant guidance produced by English Heritage, namely:


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• Conservation Principals; Policy and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment (2008);

• The Setting of Heritage Assets (2011a); and • Seeing The History In The View – a method for assessing heritage significance

within views (2011b).

7.3 Existing Environment (Known Historic Environmen t Resource)

7.3.1 Studies undertaken to date have utilised data relating to designated and non-designated assets within a ‘buffer zone’ extending 250m from the edges of the preferred route corridor and associated development sites. In addition, all designated heritage assets within 10km of the preferred route corridor and associated development sites were considered. That data has been used to inform this Scoping Report (see Figure 33).

Bridgwater to Seabank Connection Route Corridor and ‘Buffer Zone’

7.3.2 Within the route corridor and 250m buffer zone for new overhead line and underground cables between Bridgwater and Seabank, there are:

• 690 non-designated assets; identified in the National Monuments Record (NMR)

and Historic Environment Records (HER) for Somerset, North Somerset, the City of Bristol and South Gloucestershire;

• six Scheduled Monuments; • five Conservation Areas; • two Grade I Listed Buildings; • three Grade II* Listed Buildings; and • 58 Grade II Listed Buildings.

7.3.3 Historic buildings and structures may be Listable due to their architectural or historic interest, more specifically their age and rarity, aesthetic merits, selectivity (i.e. representativeness of a particular type), or in the national interest (EH 2010a). Based on these criteria, the following ten non-designated historic buildings were identified in the Connection Options Report as possibly being of Listable quality:

• Knowle Hall, Bawdrip, which is a 19th century manor house and planned

landscape with an intact drive, although the parkland has been reapportioned as agricultural plots34;

• Tarnock Farmhouse, Rook’s Bridge, which dates to the 17th century; • Tossels Cottage, Woolavington, which dates to the 17th century; • Yeomans, East Huntspill, which dates to the early 18th century; • Brinsea Green Farmhouse, Brinsea, which has been rebuilt but originated in the

16th or early 17th century; • Brinsea Farm, Brinsea, which has at least 17th century origins, and is within an

area of Saxon and medieval settlement remains;

34 Note: National Grid has since been advised that this asset is considered by English Heritage to be unsuitable for Listing


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• the White Lion public house, Nailsea, which appears to be 18th century or earlier;

• Hale Farm Cottages, Stone Edge Batch, is reportedly 16th century and may have group value with a Listed Building (Tickenham House); and

• a stable and a dairy at Stone Edge Batch are both of late 17th or early 18th century origin and may have group value with a Listed Building (Batch Farmhouse).

7.3.4 Archaeological remains may be Schedulable in the ‘national interest’ (AMAA 1979), according to their period (i.e. characterisation thereof), rarity, the existence of associated documentation, their group value (with related contemporary assets), survival/condition, fragility/vulnerability, diversity (of attributes), or their potential for future research (EH 2010b). Based on these criteria, the following eight non-designated archaeological sites were identified in the Connection Options Report as possibly being of Schedulable quality:

• Crook Deserted Medieval Village (DMV) , which contains earthwork remains of

medieval settlement and evidence of Roman artefacts; • the shrunken settlement at Webbington, which includes earthwork remains; • the shrunken settlement at Southwick, which includes earthwork remains; • the DMV at Vole, which includes earthwork remains; • Cemetery Field, Sandford, which includes extensive buried remains of Roman

settlement; • the late 16th century Bishop’s Palace site, Towerhead, which includes

foundations in the orchard, traces of a causeway to the church, and reused material in the extant buildings;

• Tickenham Court DMV, which comprises below-ground remains and has group value with Listed Buildings; and

• a ‘Celtic’ field system beside the M5 near Portbury comprises earthwork banks and lynchets up to 2m high.

7.3.5 The route corridor has high potential for the survival of previously unrecorded buried archaeological remains, particularly dating from the Iron Age, Roman, medieval and post-medieval periods although earlier remains are also possible. The potential for archaeological remains to be present is high along much of the route corridor, including Puriton Ridge, the Mendip Hills and Tickenham Ridge. The Somerset and North Somerset Levels both contain areas known to be of high potential, and have potential for as-yet unknown remains to be present elsewhere, within masking alluvial deposits. The northern end of the route corridor has produced important archaeological remains, but is of lower potential than areas to the south due to its greater degrees of both previous investigation and truncation. Some areas throughout the route corridor may be of low archaeological potential due to previous disturbance by quarrying, industrial works, and some agricultural activities.

Hinkley Point Line Entries

7.3.6 Within 250m of the proposed modifications to line entries in the vicinity of the proposed power station at Hinkley Point, there are:

• 11 non-designated heritage assets; identified in the National Monuments

Record (NMR) and Historic Environment Record (HER) for Somerset; and


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• one Scheduled Monument.

7.3.7 None of the 11 non-designated assets were identified in ‘Changes to the Hinkley Point Transmission Line Entry Points: Technical and Environmental Appraisal’ (October 2012) as possibly being of equivalent heritage significance to designated assets (i.e. of potentially Listable/Schedulable quality).

7.3.8 The area around the Hinkley Point C line entries contains prehistoric, Roman and medieval settlements, as well as undated enclosures. Although the vicinity of the power station has been subject to several archaeological investigations, the potential for undiscovered archaeological remains to still be present is high.

Sandford Substation and associated AT Route 132kV C onnection

7.3.9 Within 250m of the proposed 400/132kV substation at Sandford, and 132kV overhead line connection between that substation and the AT Route overhead line, there are:


Record (NMR) and Historic Environment Record (HER) for North Somerset; and • one Scheduled Monument.

7.3.10 The preferred route corridor has high potential for the survival of previously unrecorded buried archaeological remains, including post-medieval or medieval farmsteads, Roman settlement activity and possible prehistoric barrows. There is moderate potential for encountering previously unknown archaeological remains at the substation site.

W Route 132kV Undergrounding

7.3.11 Within 250m of the proposed undergrounding of approximately 8km of the 132kV W Route between Nailsea and Portishead (both Blue and Green proposed routes), there are:


Record (NMR) and Historic Environment Record (HER) for North Somerset; • two Scheduled Monuments; • one Conservation Area; • two Grade I Listed Buildings; • three Grade II* Listed Buildings; and • 50 Grade II Listed Buildings.

Aust 400kV Substation, South Gloucestershire

7.3.12 Within 250m of the proposed new substation at Aust, there are:

• four non-designated heritage assets; identified in the Historic Environment Record (HER) for South Gloucestershire.

7.3.13 None of the four non-designated assets have been identified as possibly of equivalent heritage significance to designated assets (i.e. of potentially Listable/Schedulable quality).

7.3.14 The proposed substation site has low potential for the survival of previously unrecorded buried archaeological remains (adjacent evaluation in 2001 produced


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no significant results although evidence of Roman settlement and medieval agriculture has been located nearby).

Wider Area

7.3.15 In addition to the known heritage assets within the route corridor and buffer zone, designated heritage assets have been identified for a wider area, in order to determine those where potential effects on setting could occur. Designated heritage assets within buffers of 3km, 5km and 10km were identified (see Table 7.1).

Table 7.1 Designated heritage assets to be considered in the assessment

Designated Heritage Asset Distance

TOTAL 1km 2km 10km

Listed Buildings

Grade I 7 21 148 176

Grade II* 13 23 406 442

Grade II 154 391 – 545

Registered Parks & Gardens

Grade I 0 0 0 0

Grade II* 0 0 – 0

Grade II 0 2 – 2

Scheduled Monuments 14 30 257 301

Conservation Areas 4 10 – 14

Registered Battlefields 0 0 – 0

TOTAL 192 477 811 1480

7.3.16 The proposed development crosses a complex and varied historic landscape. The Somerset and North Somerset Levels are predominately composed of zones of anciently enclosed moorland that was modified during the post-medieval period, although zones of earlier field systems survive (particularly on the North Somerset Levels), as well as patches of parkland and (largely modern) townscapes. The Mendip Hills AONB and Tickenham Ridge are largely late medieval landscapes, but include various later zones such as parkland. The area around Portishead contains large zones of modern industrial and domestic development, but also post-medieval agricultural land and earlier apportionments along the coastal zone. The historic landscape around Hinkley Point Power Station includes an industrial zone, mud flats, and zones of anciently enclosed land modified during the post-medieval period. Aust is part of an open landscape along the Severn Estuary, containing industrial zones, tidal mudflats, and anciently enclosed warths modified in the post-medieval period. The proposed development areas also include numerous non-designated historic landscape elements such as field boundaries, lanes and hedges.

7.3.17 The proposed development crosses a landscape of palaeo-environmental importance. The Somerset and North Somerset Levels contain sequences of peat formation and transgression, including preserved botanical remains that can be used to reconstruct past landscapes. In addition these regions contain palaeo-landscapes that have yielded well-preserved archaeological remains, distributed according to the buried topography defined by underlying solid geological strata.


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7.4 Characteristics of Potential Effects of the Pro posed Development

7.4.1 The potential effects of the proposed development on the historic environment include:

• physical effects on buried archaeological remains; • physical effects on historic landscape elements; • visual effects on designated heritage receptors; • visual effects on non-designated receptors that are demonstrably of equivalent

heritage significance to designated assets; • visual effects on historic landscape character; and • effects of noise and dust.

Potential Construction Effects

7.4.2 During construction, there is the potential for negative effects on known and as-yet unknown buried archaeological remains and historic landscape features. Sources of these negative effects may include truncation, compaction, desiccation or other changes to hydrology, and disturbance by works traffic.

7.4.3 All below-ground works, including the construction of pylon bases, the underground cable working area, the construction of cable sealing end compounds and substations and any temporary working areas, such as access tracks, crane bases and compounds, could affect buried archaeological remains. Mitigation embedded in the design will be sought to avoid significant effects on buried archaeological remains identified as being of high heritage significance, but in common with any construction project of this type, there are likely to be multiple direct physical effects on buried archaeological remains.

7.4.4 Physical effects on the historic landscape would principally comprise loss of character through hedgerow removal, which may be partly mitigated by replanting.

7.4.5 The proposed development would have no effects on the physical fabric of designated or un-designated built heritage assets.

7.4.6 The construction of pylons, cable sealing end compounds and substations and the presence of heavy plant may have a temporary negative effect on the visual setting of multiple built heritage assets, historic landscape components and, to a lesser extent, archaeological remains. Temporary negative effects on the settings of heritage assets may also be caused by effects on noise and air quality from construction works and works traffic.

Potential Effects Resulting From Decommissioning of the Existing Overhead Line

7.4.7 During removal of pylons for the existing 132kV overhead line, there is potential for negative effects on known and as-yet unknown buried archaeological remains and historic landscape features. Sources of these negative effects may include truncation and compaction, and disturbance by works traffic.

7.4.8 All below-ground works, including the removal of pylon bases and construction of any temporary working areas such as access tracks, crane bases and compounds, could affect buried archaeological remains. Mitigation embedded in the design of temporary works areas will be sought to avoid significant effects on buried


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archaeological remains, but there are likely to be multiple direct physical effects on buried archaeological remains.

7.4.9 Physical effects on the historic landscape would principally comprise loss of character through hedgerow removal, which would be partly mitigated by replanting, or fully mitigated in areas where no new pylons or underground cabling is constructed to replace the decommissioned pylons.

7.4.10 The decommissioning of existing pylons and the presence of heavy plant may have a temporary negative effect on the visual setting of multiple built heritage assets, historic landscape components and, to a lesser extent, archaeological remains. Temporary negative effects on the settings of heritage assets may also be caused by effects on noise and air quality from decommissioning works and works traffic.

Potential Operational Effects

7.4.11 During the operational phase of the development, the overhead line, cable sealing end compounds and substation sites have the potential to affect the settings of heritage assets and historic landscape character. There may also be negative effects on the comprehensibility and appreciability of the historic landscape as a result of the presence of the overhead line.

7.4.12 In the event that repair to the development is required, those works would be considered to determine whether any disturbance would take place outside areas that have already been monitored and mitigated during construction. Wherever possible, all repair works will take place using the easement, access routes and pylon bases that were assessed for the construction phase, in which case no effects on buried archaeological remains are anticipated. If works are required outside those already disturbed areas, additional assessment and mitigation may be required.

Potential Decommissioning Effects

7.4.13 Negative effects on archaeological remains during the decommissioning phase of the project will be similar to those identified during the construction phase, although more limited due to the disturbance and mitigation that would already have taken place.

7.4.14 Decommissioning will result in a series of temporary negative effects on the setting of heritage assets. These effects would be indirect and time-limited to the period of decommissioning activities. Decommissioning would also result in the permanent removal of negative effects on the setting of heritage assets and the historic environment caused by construction. This would result from removal of the visual intrusion that overhead lines and pylons cause, as well as reinstatement of absent hedgerows where mitigation was not possible during the operational phase.

Study Areas for Assessment

7.4.15 Assessment will be carried out over study areas that encompass all locations where effects on the historic environment may result from the proposed development. Study areas will also be of sufficient breadth to determine the potential for effects on as-yet unidentified heritage assets.


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Archaeological Remains

7.4.16 Study of archaeological remains will first consider the possibility that any buried archaeological deposits could survive above construction impact depth at works sites. This assessment of potential will consider the existing ground conditions, the history of each area, and the impact depth of proposed works at each site.

7.4.17 Baseline data relating to non-designated assets will be gathered from study areas of 100m on either side of all locations where below-ground disturbance would take place.

7.4.18 Field reconnaissance survey would focus on an area encompassing 100m either side of any intrusive works location. This survey would focus primarily on archaeological remains but may also identify built heritage and historic landscape features.

7.4.19 Intrusive and non-intrusive field survey will in the first instance be restricted to areas within the footprint of the proposed development, although this could be extended by further assessment if initial results suggest this is desirable. The sample size for this survey will be determined following earlier assessment and consultation.

Built Heritage

7.4.20 The study area for built heritage assets will include all areas from which the proposed development is visible, or could receive indirect effects (e.g. works traffic). In the first instance, data collection will be restricted to the ‘Zone of Theoretical Visibility’. Initial data collection would take place to a maximum distance of:

• 10km for very high sensitivity (significance) assets (i.e. Grade I and II* Listed

Buildings, non-designated assets of demonstrably designatable heritage significance);

• 2km for high sensitivity (significance) assets (i.e. Grade II Listed Buildings); and • 1km for medium or low sensitivity (significance) assets (i.e. non-designated

assets not of designatable heritage significance).

7.4.21 Designated assets outside these areas may be included in the assessment if they have relationships with assets within it. These data collection areas may also be adjusted in response to multi-disciplinary assessment and to construction design (e.g. height and design of the pylons).

Historic Landscape

7.4.22 Assessment of the historic landscape character would in general take place to a maximum distance of:

• 10km for very high sensitivity (significance) assets (i.e. some exceptional

historic landscape character zones, Scheduled Monuments); • 2km for high sensitivity (significance) assets (i.e. Conservation Areas,

Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields, some historic landscape character zones);

• 1km for moderate sensitivity (significance) assets (i.e. notable historic landscape components, some historic landscape zones); and


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• 200m for low sensitivity (significance) assets (i.e. historic landscape elements such as extant historic hedgerows, some historic landscape zones).

7.4.23 The historic landscape assessment study area will take account of, but not necessarily be restricted to, the Zone of Theoretical Visibility. These data collection areas may also be adjusted in response to multi-disciplinary assessment and to construction design (e.g. height and design of the pylons).


Consultation

7.5.1 As part of preparing the scoping report and preparing the scope of the historic environment assessments for the EIA, National Grid met with statutory consultees and provided them with a copy of the draft method for review and comment. The representations received were taken into account when finalising the scope of the assessments. Organisations that were consulted include:

• English Heritage; • West Somerset Council; • Sedgemoor District Council; • Somerset County Council; • North Somerset Council; • Bristol City Council; and • South Gloucestershire Council.

7.5.2 Table 7.2 provides details of the discussions held, the representations received and where the representations have been incorporated into the scope of the assessments. Notes of the Historic Environment Thematic Group Scoping meetings are presented at Appendix D.


Representation How Addressed in the EIA In the final draft a check should be made for consistency of use of assessment terminology and significance criteria should be made across and within each of the EIA.

Terminology has been reconsidered to ensure it is both clear and compliant with EIA regulations and government heritage policies. Terminology is broadly consistent across disciplines: although significance criteria are defined differently, usage is defined in each chapter.


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Representation How Addressed in the EIA We question how any cumulative impacts are to be addressed? Including resulting from the proposed extensive restringing works? We suggest that the relationship of this work (or not) should be set out in the Scoping Document.

The cumulative impacts of the scheme will be assessed as part of the EIA and that this will be presented in the ES. In accordance with the PINS Advice Note 9 other major developments will need to be considered in assessing cumulative effects including:

• those under construction; • permitted but not yet implemented; • submitted but not yet determined; • projects on the PINS programme of projects; and • those identified in development plans and other plans

which are reasonably likely to come forward.

The developments to be considered in the Cumulative assessment are still being determined but will be discussed and agreed with LPAs as part of the ongoing development for the scheme and the EIA.

The general methodology is acceptable but there remain a number of substantive issues, lack of proper consultation with LPAs, lack of assessment of non-designated assets of designatable value, that need to be addressed.

General comment noted. Consultation will be possible once the Scoping Report has been agreed; until such time, consultation has taken place regarding Scoping. Known, non-designated assets of designatable value will be dealt with in the same manner as designated assets (see below).

Partly agree that the assessment should take account of the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB; HA 2007) and in accordance with the Institute for Archaeologists (IfA) standards, English Heritage guidance. (See Below).

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Scheme has potential to affect buried archaeology, historic landscape elements, visual aspects of designated and non-designated assets, visual aspects of historic landscape character, noise and dust.

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The EIA should be based on the DMRB.

The EIA will be conducted according to a bespoke assessment methodology, which has been detailed in the Scoping Report. This bespoke assessment is very similar to the DMRB in most respects (e.g. use of tables and matrices); however, the DMRB will not be followed in other respects. For example, the DMRB’s Scoping of heritage sub-disciplines as requiring different forms of assessment (Simple and Detailed) is inappropriate for this project, where effects will be of different magnitude in different areas.

No evidence supplied to support this statement concerning significance of undesignated assets.

The text has been updated to reflect this comment by summarising the policy background and the findings of the Connections Options Report.

Use of “undesignated” is incorrect; the term non-designated should be used.

Terminology has been altered throughout to reflect this.

The potential effect on buried archaeology needs defining e.g. de-watering, compression, removal etc.

Scoping chapter has been expanded to address the types of effect as per this comment.


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Representation How Addressed in the EIA The chapter is contrary concerning effects during decommissioning phase; repair may also involve works outside the area of previous disturbance.

Potential for works in undisturbed areas has been noted.

Field survey should not be restricted to footprint to enable micro movement of development to avoid significant buried remains (of designatable quality).

Text has been altered state that non-intrusive surveys may extend beyond the footprint if initial survey indicates it is desirable. Note that field assessment methodology will be subject to consultation regarding provision of WSIs.

10km should also apply to non-designated receptors of demonstrably designatable value.

Text altered to conform with comment Note that baseline data collection for non-designated receptors is unchanged National Grid has requested that consultees notify us of any such assets, but none has been suggested. National Grid has requested that consultees suggest a reasonable and proportionate methodology by which any such remains can be identified

Detail required concerning why some Scheduled Monuments are classed as high sensitivity while others at very high.

All Scheduled Monuments are to be classified as very high.

LiDAR should be included on list of data sources.

Text has been altered to conform with comment. LiDAR data is being obtained and will be assessed. Reference to this has been added to the Scoping Report.

Geophysical survey should not be limited as described, cable sealing end compound locations for example may be appropriate, or on higher areas above the Levels where settlement is likely, if not certain.

Text altered to include provision for additional geophysical survey at cable sealing end compound locations, and outside the proposed development footprint if initial results indicate a change to design may be desirable.

Palaeo-environmental sampling should take place during site investigation to enable potential mitigation without further field work, as observing boreholes undertaken for geotech reasons is unlikely to provide useful data (for instance, palaeo-environmental sampling requires sealed cores to be taken).

This has been noted in the Scoping Report, and is dealt with in more detail in the draft Specification for field assessment.

Intrusive survey should take place where required in order to assess the significance of buried assets (as required by NPPF).

This has been clarified in the Scoping Report.

Consultation with local authority archaeologists should take place to agree any further phases of investigation following initial desk based work e.g. the scope of geophysical survey following desk based work to accord with IfA guidance.

Details of consultation have been added to the Scoping Report, as well as the draft Specification for field assessment, which will be subject to consultation. Written Schemes of Investigation will also be subject to consultation.


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Representation How Addressed in the EIA No assessment of the effects on historic environment during decommissioning of existing pylons.

A section has been added regarding decommissioning of existing pylons.

Use of the information supplied by SCC concerning historic farmsteads etc.

This information will be used and has been referenced in the text.

That Standards and Guidance (IfA, DMRB, EH) should be followed including terminology and where the methodology departs from these it should be clearly stated and explained. Assessed effects (moderate, large adverse etc., should be qualified by whether this constitutes substantial/less than substantial harm, as required by NPPF.

See above re: terminology Further details of assessment methodology have been added to the Scoping Report.

The buried landscapes within the Levels should be understood in order to assess buried remains in their context so these should form part of the assessment.

This will be investigated by assessment of BGS borehole data and new data from a watching brief on geotechnical site investigation.

The scoping chapter is, on the whole, a sensible and appropriate approach to the subject that accords with the relevant guidance on methodology.

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one or several experts who have a wide understanding of the historic environment should deal with the historic environment topic and survey work.

This approach has been adopted. Details of further archaeological resources will be provided when they are engaged.

There are some confusing references to the Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG), 2010a, Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment (PPS5). Whilst this documents Guidance notes are still current we would not expect to see the main documents quoted or used as a reference.

The Scoping Report refers to PPS5 itself to point out that, unlike the guidance, it has been superseded. For clarity, PPS5 has been removed from the references.

This needs to take account of mitigation as an assessment stage in EIA, and to define effects from construction, operation and decommissioning. Your consultant will need to coordinate his assessment with other topics (e.g. ecology, landscape etc.) and so long as the terminology is as common and consistent as possible between topics, then adapting that terminology to meet the needs of EIA is quite reasonable.

Assessment has been planned and will be coordinated with input from other disciplines. See above regarding terminology.

Decommissioning will result in a series of temporary changes in setting to receptors.

This has been added to the Scoping Report.


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Representation How Addressed in the EIA The programme for field survey needs to be set out shortly, at least in outline. The rationale for each survey activity needs to be as well-informed as possible. This was obviously of concern to the LPA HER curators.

The programme is outside the scope of the Scoping Report. Programme has been discussed in outline with consultees at the Thematic Groups and will be more fully once a contractor has been engaged as part of WSI agreement.

The ZTV used for this should include vegetation and buildings and ideally indicate views at different times of the year. The study area for built heritage receptors ought to also take account of construction/operation noise contours.

The ZTV includes a coarse assumption of building height. Including vegetation screening as part of the ZTV is unfortunately not possible. As noted in the Scoping Report section on setting assessment, works traffic will be considered as part of the assessment.

The distances for Registered Parks and Gardens may need to be increased where specific structured views or vistas may be impacted by the proposals.

This is detailed in the section on setting assessment, which is in agreement with the comment.

7.5.3 Consultation would be carried out with the Local Planning Archaeologists and Conservation Officers, the National Trust and English Heritage primarily through the mechanism of Thematic Groups. Consultation would include discussion of the sensitivity (significance) of known assets and of potential archaeological remains, and the settings of monuments, buildings, archaeological sites and historic landscapes. Opportunities to find sensitive design solutions for negative effects on the historic environment, and the potential scope for mitigation, would be discussed with consultees as early as possible.

7.5.4 In addition to the Thematic Group Meetings, consultation will take place with Historic Environment Officers, Conservation Officers, the National Trust and English Heritage regarding effects on settings and views. Discussion will be invited at the earliest possible stage to establish general requirements for work. Consultee responses will be sought to determine the categories of assets that are most significant and have the least capacity to absorb change, to determine the level of analysis appropriate for different asset types, and to ensure that the volume of assessment undertaken is proportionate (EH 2011a, p. 18).

7.5.5 Consultation will also be carried out with Local Planning Archaeologists and English Heritage regarding the project design of intrusive and non-intrusive archaeological field assessment. Discussion will be invited at the earliest possible stage to establish general requirements for work. Consultee responses will also be requested regarding the specification and the Written Schemes of Investigation (WSIs) for all field assessment stages.

7.5.6 A programme of monitoring will be agreed with the consultees prior to commencement of any fieldwork. Throughout the process, including during report production, regular (at least weekly) short, written reports will be produced to keep the consultees informed of the project's progress.

7.5.7 The consultees will be informed at the earliest opportunity of any unexpected discoveries that may require a variation to the scope of works. There will be no substantial deviation from the approved WSI and project design without prior consultation, except on grounds of Health and Safety.


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Desk-Based Assessment

7.5.8 Desk-based assessment will be undertaken in accordance with IfA guidance (2011) to identify heritage assets that may be affected by the proposed development, and assist in predicting the potential for buried archaeological remains within the area affected. Data sources that will be used for the desk-based assessment will comprise:

• Somerset, North Somerset, City of Bristol and South Gloucestershire Historic

Environment Records (HERs); • National Monuments Record (NMR) and National Heritage List maintained by

English Heritage; • Aerial photographs maintained by the above, as well as modern vertical aerial

and satellite images; • Primary and secondary sources held by the relevant County Record Offices; • Historic mapping, primarily the Tithe Maps for Somerset and Gloucestershire,

and historic Ordnance Survey mapping series; • Defence of Britain project, as reported by the Archaeological Data Service; • the Historic Landscape Characterisations (HLCs) for Avon and for Somerset

and Exmoor National Park; • Conservation Area appraisals and landscape characterisations available; • published information concerning the archaeological and geo-archaeological

background of the area; • Borehole logs of previous works in the study area, available from the British

Geological Survey; • Information supplied by North Somerset Council concerning extensive urban

surveys; • information supplied by Somerset County Council concerning historic

farmsteads; and • Any LiDAR data available from National Grid, English Heritage or the HERs.

7.5.9 Selected published secondary sources relating to the history and archaeology of South-West England will be consulted, in order to characterise the nature and importance of site types in the region, and nationally if appropriate. This will aid assessment of known assets’ sensitivity (significance), and the potential for and character of as-yet unknown remains.

7.5.10 Further information regarding the age and character of historic buildings and historic building groups, and as-yet unidentified historic buildings that have not otherwise been located, will be determined using historic aerial photographs and historic cartographic research. Historic aerial photographs and maps will also be consulted to identify elements of the extant landscape that are historic character elements, and to help define historic landscape zones. Maps consulted will include historic Ordnance Survey maps and any available tithe maps or estate maps.

Field Reconnaissance Survey

7.5.11 An area encompassing 50m either side of the alignment together with the associated development sites will be visited by a suitably qualified and experienced archaeologist. The field survey will aim to identify surface evidence for any previously unrecorded heritage assets, the condition and nature of known heritage assets, land use and character as an indicator of potential for buried archaeological


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remains and past land use, and any health and safety or methodological constraints to further site surveys.

7.5.12 Site visits to assess the setting of historic buildings that may be affected by the proposed development will be undertaken, to identify details of their sensitivity (significance) and setting not available through desk-based assessment. The visits would assess the character and sensitivity (significance) of Listed and unlisted historic buildings, and the proposed development’s impact on their setting. Those historic buildings located during baseline data collection but identified in desk-based assessment as not affected by the proposed development would be excluded from this survey.

7.5.13 Assessment of historic landscape character through site survey would be required, to identify the condition of known zones and the presence of as-yet unidentified elements that may be impacted by the proposed development. Those historic landscape assets located during baseline data collection but identified in desk-based assessment as not affected by the proposed development would be excluded from this survey.

Archaeological Geophysical Survey

7.5.14 The 400kV and 132kV underground cable routes, the substation sites at Sandford and Aust, and the cable sealing end compounds will be surveyed using recorded magnetometer survey to identify anomalies potentially derived from buried archaeological remains. Magnetometer survey sample density shall be at least 0.25m by 1.0m. Further survey may take place outside the proposed development footprint if initial results indicate a change to design may be desirable.

7.5.15 Geophysical survey will not take place at pylon bases, access tracks, and any other works sites associated with the proposed development unless other forms of survey indicate potential for the presence of nationally important remains that would merit preservation in situ. Adequate time in the construction phase will be available to move these works, if it is necessary to avoid effects that are of large magnitude or which affect important archaeological remains.

Assessment of Palaeo-Environmental and Geo-Archaeol ogical Potential

7.5.16 Site investigation works undertaken for geotechnical purposes will be monitored by an appropriately qualified specialist to determine the potential for survival of palaeo-environmental deposits and remains of geo-archaeological potential. Where significant remains are encountered, and where the geotechnical methods employed allow for recovery of viable samples, palaeo-environmental sampling will take place during site investigation to enable potential mitigation without further field work.

Intrusive Archaeological Surveys

7.5.17 Where desk-based assessment and non-intrusive survey are insufficient to determine conclusively whether the proposed development could cause negative effects on archaeological remains at specific locations, a programme of intrusive survey will be carried out as part of the staged assessment process. For example, this may be because the geophysical survey locates data suggesting the presence either of nationally important remains, or of large volumes of remains, effects on which may not be possible of mitigation during the construction phase of development. In such circumstances, consultation will take place, following which it


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may be necessary to undertake limited trial trenching to investigate specific questions. Trial trenching may also take place if it is considered worthwhile to aid design and thus reduce negative effects.

7.5.18 In all other cases, intrusive survey will be avoided in favour of a combination of physical preservation and mitigation by investigation and recording during the construction phase.

Assessment of Potential Indirect and Setting Effect s

7.5.19 An initial assessment will be undertaken in line with English Heritage guidance (2011a), to identify heritage assets whose settings are likely to be affected. This assessment will summarily identify the extent of setting for all designated assets located during baseline data collection, which will be compared with the Zone of Theoretical Visibility to determine which assets would potentially be affected. Heritage assets that would receive negligible or no effect would be discounted from subsequent assessment.

7.5.20 Subsequent assessment would consider whether, how and to what degree setting makes a contribution to the sensitivity (significance) of those assets, and assess the potential effect of the proposed development on them. Detailed consideration of setting will be employed for any assets where setting is a major contributor to their sensitivity (significance); while this relates principally to built heritage and the historic landscape, it may also apply to archaeological remains.

7.5.21 The data collection areas will be extended up to 10km for designated heritage assets where a relationship with the wider landscape, long views, vistas, sightlines and intervisibility between assets contributes to sensitivity (significance), to ensure that the approach to assessment is inclusive. This method will include consideration of all Registered Parks and Gardens, Grade II* and Grade I Listed Buildings and any Scheduled Monuments where the criteria outlined above apply, up to 10km from the proposed development. Where the above criteria apply Conservation Areas or Grade II Listed Buildings will also be considered to this distance.

7.5.22 Site visits will be undertaken to assess whether, how and to what degree setting makes a contribution to the sensitivity (significance) of a heritage asset. These site visits will take place by car and on foot, and views will be considered from publicly accessible locations. Specifically, site visits will consider:

• character, integrity, appearance and the way in which these are appreciated; • relationships with other heritage assets, group value and shared settings; • reasons for designation, and degree to which those reasons contribute to

appreciation and sensitivity (significance) of the asset; • formal design, intended sight lines and vistas and intervisibility with other

heritage assets and natural features; • ‘key’ (principal/critical) views towards, from, across and within the heritage

asset; • topography/landscape situation; • asset scale: prominence/dominance; • predicted relative scale of proposed development; • landscape character, particularly unaltered settings; • degree of alteration within setting, and existing impacts; and • capacity to absorb change to setting.


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7.5.23 These attributes will be reported in the ES in tabular format for ease of comparison.

7.5.24 The assessment of the effect of the proposed development on the setting of designated heritage assets will compare the location, scale and appearance of the proposed development against the contribution made by setting to the sensitivity (significance) of the heritage assets affected. In addition non-visual effects on setting will be assessed, that is, any noise, dust, or vibration effects likely to occur during construction or operation.

7.5.25 The effects of the development on the historic landscape character will also be assessed, in conjunction with the assessment of landscape and views. The historic landscape around the proposed development would be studied though a combination of ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom up’ approaches (Rippon 2004, p. 25-6). The top-down assessment would employ published characterisations of designated assets (e.g. Conservation Areas and Registered Parks and Gardens), the Avon Historic Landscape Characterisation, and study of published landscape histories. The ‘bottom up’ approach would address data obtained from Historic Environment Records, historic maps and aerial photographs, and from observations made during site surveys.

Assessment of Views

7.5.26 Assessment of views in accordance with English Heritage guidance (2011b) will be carried out for key views where the setting of groups of high or very high sensitivity (significance) assets may be affected. Where appropriate, this will be supported by photomontages from the assets optimum viewing point.

7.5.27 Assessment of the magnitude of effects on views will consider the distance of separation between groups of assets and the proposed development, the proportion of view affected, screening by vegetation, topography or buildings, etc.

7.6 Assessing Significance of Effect

7.6.1 The significance of effect of the proposals on individual assets is determined by identifying the asset’s sensitivity (significance) and then assessing the magnitude of any effects that the proposed development would have on the values (i.e. the asset’s aesthetic interest, research potential, etc.) that contribute to that sensitivity (significance). The criteria for this assessment are detailed in Tables 1.2-1.5 below.

Assessing the Sensitivity (Significance) of Assets

7.6.2 Table 7.3 sets out the broad criteria for assessing assets’ sensitivity (significance):


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Table 7.3 Sensitivity (Significance) of assets

Sensitivity (Significance) Description Examples

Very High

Nationally or internationally significant heritage assets generally recognised through designation as being of exceptional interest and value.

World Heritage Sites Grade I & II* Listed Buildings Scheduled Monuments non-designated assets of equivalent heritage significance to the above categories

High

Nationally significant heritage assets generally recognised through designation as being of great interest and value.

Grade II Listed Buildings Grade I & II* Registered Parks and Gardens Conservation Areas Registered Historic Battlefields Protected Wreck Sites non-designated assets of equivalent heritage significance to the above categories

Moderate

Heritage assets recognised as being of special interest, generally designated.

Grade II Registered Parks and Gardens Conservation Areas Important historic townscapes or landscapes Non-designated assets of regional or national importance

Low

Assets that are of interest at a local level primarily for the contribution to the local historic environment.

locally listed and other historic buildings undesignated archaeological sites undesignated historic parks and gardens degraded designated assets that no longer warrant designation

Negligible

Elements of the historic environment which are of insufficient heritage significance to merit consideration in planning decisions and hence be classed as heritage assets.

Undesignated features with very limited or no historic value assets with very little or no surviving archaeological or historic interest highly degraded designated assets that no longer warrant designation

Assessing the Sensitivity of Assets’ Settings

7.6.3 Table 7.4 sets out the broad criteria for assessing assets’ sensitivity of setting:


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Table 7.4 Assessment of assets’ Sensitivity of Setting

Sensitivity of Setting Description Examples

High

Asset has setting characteristics that are fundamental in terms of: Intentional prominence resulting in landscape dominance, and an enduring perception of a historic landscape A previously unaltered cultural landscape with group value through intervisibility Landscape situation/constructed elements create intended views that are intrinsic to understanding/ appreciation Public accessibility and promotion

Hillforts churches with towers/steeples public castles and other visited Grade I & II* Listed Buildings grouped parkland features with deliberate vistas battlefields with deliberate sightlines

Medium

Asset has setting characteristics that are moderately significant in terms of: Prominence Group value A slightly altered cultural landscape Landscape situation/intentional sightlines/views (to or from) Public accessibility and promotion

private Grade I & II* Listed Buildings promoted Conservation Areas archaeological sites with distinct upstanding remains such as mottes open terrain (typically uplands) containing barrows etc.

Low

Asset’s setting has prominence, group value and/or intentional sightlines that make a minor contribution to its setting.

Grade II Listed Buildings isolated parkland features altered cultural landscapes archaeological sites with earthwork remains but low prominence and where setting is not related to visibility

Negligible

Asset exhibits slight or no prominence, group value, intentional sightlines or public accessibility, or is so damaged as not to merit inclusion in a higher grade.

Buried archaeological remains that are not indicated on the surface modernised landscapes

7.6.4 Sensitivity of setting is the capacity of an asset’s setting to absorb change without loss of sensitivity (significance). This assessment includes consideration of the setting’s characteristics and how they relate to the asset’s sensitivity (significance); however, it also takes into consideration the expected type of effect, as certain assets may be more or less sensitive to particular types of effect. For this reason, sensitivity of setting is used when considering the magnitude of any effects on setting.

Assessing the Magnitude of Effect

7.6.5 Table 7.5 sets out the broad criteria for assessing the magnitude of positive and negative effects:


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Table 7.5 Assessment of magnitude of effect

Magnitude of Effect Description of nature of change

High Negative

Substantial harm to, or loss of, an asset’s heritag e significance as a result of changes to its physical form or setting

This would include demolition, removal of physical attributes critical to an asset, loss of all archaeological interest or the transformation of an asset’s setting in a way that fundamentally compromises its ability to be understood or appreciated. The degree of change would be such that it could result in a designated asset being undesignated or having its level of designation lowered.

Moderate Negative

Less than substantial harm to an asset’s heritage significance as a result of changes to its physical form or setting This could include physical alterations that remove or alter some elements of heritage significance but do not substantially alter the overall heritage significance of the asset, notable alterations to the setting of an asset that affect our appreciation of it and its heritage significance, or the unrecorded loss of archaeological interest.

Low Negative

Limited harm to an asset’s heritage significance as a result of changes to its physical form or setting This could include physical changes that alter some elements of heritage significance but do not noticeably alter the overall heritage significance of the asset, or small-scale alterations to the setting of an asset that hardly affect its heritage significance.

Negligible Negative

Very minor harm to an asset’s heritage significance; b aseline conditions would be largely unaltered This could include very small physical damage to individual elements of an asset, or alterations to setting that are imperceptible and/or occasionally experienced, such as to hardly affect its heritage significance.

None No appreciable change to an asset’s heritage signif icance

Negligible Positive

Very minor improvement to an asset’s heritage signi ficance; baseline conditions would be largely unaltered This could include very small physical improvements to individual elements of an asset, or alterations to setting that are imperceptible and/or occasionally experienced, such as to hardly affect its heritage significance.

Low Positive

Limited improvement of an asset’s heritage significance as a result of changes to its physical form or setting This could include physical changes that reveal or conserve some elements of heritage significance but do not noticeable alter the overall heritage significance of the asset, or small-scale alterations to the setting of an asset that improve our ability to appreciate it.

Moderate Positive

Notable enhancement of an asset’s heritage signific ance as a result of changes to its physical form or setting This could include physical alterations that conserve or restore elements of heritage significance, notable alterations to the setting of an asset that improve our appreciation of it and its heritage significance, or changes in use that help safeguard an asset.

High Positive

Substantial enhancement of an asset’s heritage sign ificance as a result of changes to its physical form or setting This could include major changes that conserve or restore elements of high heritage significance, alterations to the setting of an asset that very substantially improve our appreciation of it and its heritage significance, or changes in use that safeguard an asset e.g. by taking it off the At Risk Register.


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Determining the Significance of Effect

7.6.6 The overall Significance of Effect is in each case determined through a combination of the sensitivity (significance) of the asset and the magnitude of the effect, as depicted in Table 7.6.

Table 7.6 Determining the Significance of Effect

Magnitude of Effect (Positive or Negative)

None Negligible Low Moderate High

Sen

sitiv

ity

(Sig

nific

ance

)

Very High Neutral Minor/ Moderate

Moderate Major Very Major

High Neutral Minor Minor/

Moderate Major Major

Moderate Neutral Minor Minor Moderate Major

Low Neutral Minor Minor Minor Moderate

Negligible Neutral Neutral Minor Minor Minor

7.6.7 Effects from a development could be classified as positive or negative. Effects classified as major or very major significance of effect would be considered equivalent to ‘substantial harm’ in EN1 terminology, while effects of minor or moderate significance would be considered equivalent to ‘less than substantial harm'.

7.6.8 Table 1.5 does not provide a formulaic assessment and professional judgement is used at all stages in the process.

Scope for Mitigation

7.6.9 Options for mitigation may include any or all of the following:

• minimising negative effects through design, including choice of works locations, materials used, colours etc.;

• enhancement of the historic environment and specific receptors through beneficial screening, re-planting, improved access or interpretation;

• preservation in situ of archaeological remains; • historic building investigation and recording; and • archaeological investigation and recording (i.e. excavation).

7.6.10 Consideration will be given to alteration of the layout and micro-siting of cabling and pylons, in order to reduce, if possible, any impacts on archaeological remains or the settings of heritage assets.

7.6.11 Mitigation would be specific to the asset and the effect of the development on that asset. For example, the permanent loss of historic hedgerow would be mitigated through minimising breaches of historically important hedgerows, archaeological recording during construction activities, and replanting. In the case of very important hedgerows, direct physical effects could be avoided by using a non-open cut technique to breach the hedgerow.


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7.6.12 Mitigation of effects on buried archaeological remains would be either through avoidance or investigation and recording to realise as much as possible the asset’s evidential interest.

7.6.13 Mitigation of effects on the setting of heritage assets would be either through avoidance or vegetation screening to reduce the magnitude of effect.

7.7 Inter-relationship of Effects

7.7.1 The effects on the historic environment could lead to effects on other environmental factors. The potential inter-relationship of effects would be considered during the assessment.


7.8.1 Cumulative effects for the construction and operational phases of the proposed development would be considered by assessing the effects of the proposed development when combined with other planned construction works and developments that could result in effects on the historic environment. Information concerning proposals for successive developments will be sought from Local Planning Authorities.

7.8.2 English Heritage setting guidance (2011a) states that “where the significance of a heritage asset has been compromised in the past by unsympathetic development affecting its setting… consideration still needs to be given to whether additional change will further detract from, or can enhance, the significance of the asset. Negative change could include severing the last link between an asset and its original setting”. The guidance describes cumulative change as the effect of “incremental small-scale changes” such as gradual loss of trees. Both of these concepts would also be considered as part of the assessment.

7.9 Reporting

7.9.1 The results of the assessments will be presented as technical appendices to the ES. A chapter will also be produced for the ES that will:

• summarise the historic environment baseline; • summarise the potential for survival of buried archaeological remains that would

be affected by the proposed development; • describe the sensitivity (significance) of assets affected by the proposed

development (i.e. receptors) and the contribution of their setting to that sensitivity (significance);

• identify mitigation embedded in design, and specify a mitigation strategy in order to reduce negative effects;

• assess the magnitude of effects on heritage receptors resulting from the proposed development, and the potential for buried archaeological remains to be affected (assessment of magnitude of effect both before and after mitigation would be carried out);

• identify residual effects, demonstrate the effectiveness of any mitigation measures, and assess the overall significance of effect on the historic environment resulting from the proposed development; and

• provide verified photomontages to support assessment of visual effects on the settings of heritage receptors.


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References European Council of Europe (CoE), 1985, Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe (The Grenada Convention) CoE, 1992, Convention for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage of Europe (The Valetta Convention) European Union Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (85/337/EEC Article 3, as amended: 97/11/EC, 2003/35/EC) UK Legislation Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act (AMAA) 1979 Electricity Act (Schedule 9) 1989 Hedgerow Regulations (Schedule 1, Part 2) 1997 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (as amended) UK Policy and Guidance DCLG, 2010, PPS5 Planning for the Historic Environment: Historic Environment Planning Practice Guide DCLG, 2012, National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC), 2011a National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1) DECC, 2011b, National Policy Statement for Energy Networks Infrastructure (EN-5) Regional Guidance and Policy Regional Planning Guidance for the South West: RPG 10 (2001, policies EN3, EN4) South Gloucestershire Local Plan (2006, saved policies L10-13) Bristol Adopted Local Plan (1997, saved policies NE09, B22) Bristol Development Framework Core Strategy (2011, policy BCS22) North Somerset Replacement Local Plan (2007, saved policies ECH3-6) North Somerset Adopted Core Strategy (2012, policy CS5) The Mendip Hills AONB Management Plan 2009 to 2014 (2008, policy H1) West Somerset Local Plan (2006, saved policies AH/2-3, LB/1-3, CA/1-5) Sedgemoor Local Development Framework Core Strategy 2006-27 (2011, policy D17) Sedgemoor District Local Plan 1991-2011 (2005, saved policies HE1,3,4,6-9,12) Other Heritage Guidance English Heritage (EH), 2008, Conservation Principals; Policy and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment English Heritage (EH), 2010a, Principles for Selection of Listed Buildings EH, 2010b, Scheduled Monuments EH, 2011a, The Setting of Heritage Assets EH, 2011b, Seeing the History in the View – a method for assessing heritage significance within views Highways Agency (HA) 2007, Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Volume 11, Section 3, Part 2, HA 208/07: Cultural Heritage Institute for Archaeologists (IfA), 2008a, Standard and Guidance for archaeological field evaluation (Revised) IfA, 2008b, Standard and Guidance for archaeological excavation (Revised) IfA, 2008b, Standard and Guidance for an archaeological watching brief (Revised) IfA, 2009 Standard and Guidance for archaeological field evaluation (Revised)


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IfA, 2010, Code of Conduct IfA, 2011a, Standard and Guidance for archaeological geophysical survey IfA, 2011b, Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment Rippon, S., 2004, Historic Landscape Analysis: deciphering the countryside, CBA Practical Handbook, 16 (York: CBA)


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8 GEOLOGICAL CONSERVATION

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 This chapter sets out the proposed approach to assessing the likely significant effects on the geological environment of the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the proposed development.

8.1.2 The proposed development has the potential for significant effects on soils, geology and hydrogeology and ground contamination through activities that will be undertaken primarily during the construction phase of the development but also during the operational lifespan and decommissioning phases. These effects could result from the disturbance of existing ground contamination, as well as the potential for the release of contaminants during the works.

8.1.3 For the purpose of the geological assessment the ‘study area’ will comprise the route of the proposed overhead line and underground cables and other land to be used for the proposed development together with the proposed substation sites, the area required for decommissioning of the adjacent 132kV overhead line and any ancillary developments.


8.2.1 Relevant policies and guidance such as those contained within the National Policy Statements EN-1 and EN-5, the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and Local Planning Policy will be reviewed. Technical aspects of methods will continue to be guided by industry principles.


8.3.1 Land use across the proposed development is dominated by arable farmland with occasional orchards and juvenile woodland. The route also passes through the Avonmouth area of Bristol which is a heavily industrial and has many contaminative uses.

8.3.2 A number of surface watercourses cross the proposed development, generally flowing from east to west. These include the Kings Sedgemoor Drain, the Huntspill River, the River Brue, the River Axe, the Lox Yeo River, the River Yeo and the River Avon. Sections of the route are also characterised by extensive interconnected networks of drainage ditches (rhynes) many of which are designated under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI’s).

8.3.3 Between Bridgwater Tee and the Mendip Hills, the geology comprises superficial Tidal Flat Deposits underlain by the Charmouth Mudstone Formation with the Lias Group outcropping in the far south of the route from East Huntspill. As the route crosses the Mendip Hills the geology consists of outcropping bedrock comprising Burrington Oolite Subgroup limestone, Black Rock Limestone Subgroup and Mercia Mudstone Group.

8.3.4 North of the Mendip Hills the route turns north east near to Kingston Bridge, crossing superficial Tidal Flat Deposits underlain by the Mercia Mudstone Group. As the route continues north east it crosses areas of superficial deposits of Peat and then Alluvium underlain by Triassic Rocks.


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8.3.5 As the route crosses the M5 motorway near to Portbury the geology consists of various types of outcropping bedrock. The bedrock includes Mercia Mudstone, Portishead Formation (sandstone), Avon group limestone, Avon Group mudstone and limestone, Blackrock Limestone Subgroup, Goblin Combe Oolite Formation, Clifton Down Mudstone Formation, South Wales Lower Coal Measures Formation and South Wales Middle Coal Measures Formation. The geology in the north of the study area comprises superficial Tidal Flat Deposits underlain by the Mercia Mudstone Group.

8.3.6 It is anticipated that there is potential for contaminated ground to be present in the study area associated with present day land uses including active landfilling, nearby sewerage works and agricultural operations. Previous land uses are as yet unknown and may further increase the likelihood of contaminated land to be present.


Construction, Operational and Decommissioning Phase Effects

8.4.1 The following effects on ground conditions, groundwater and surface watercourses, may occur during the construction, operational and decommissioning phases of the development if appropriate good practice and mitigation is not implemented:

• Disturbance of potentially contaminated ground which may be mobilised and

pose a potential risk to human health, geology and the soil; • Chemical and fuel spillages and leaks from plant and machinery and other

polluting substances (e.g. cement) stored on site; • Inappropriate disposal of foul water and site derived waste; • Creation of pathways for the migration of landfill gas and leachate (if present

within the landfilled area); • Groundwater flooding from a rise in groundwater levels; • Contamination of surface watercourses with silt-laden runoff; and • Direct effects on surface watercourses (such as the creation of preferential

pathways for the migration of contamination, chemical and fuel spills and leaks from plant and machinery), during the construction of crossings.


Consultation

8.5.1 As part of preparing the scoping report and preparing the scope of the geological conservation assessment for the EIA, National Grid provided relevant statutory consultees with a copy of the draft method for review and comment. The representations received were taken into account when finalising the scope of the assessments. Organisations that were consulted include:

• Environment Agency; • West Somerset Council; • Sedgemoor District Council; • Somerset County Council; • North Somerset Council; • Bristol City Council; and


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• South Gloucestershire Council.



Representation How Addressed i n the EIA It is recommended that consideration of the effects on subsurface water flows and drainage from foundations, be assessed.

This aspect will be covered in the ES in generic terms based upon anticipated ground conditions.

When discussing groundwater flooding, cross reference to the flood risk, water and resources chapter should be made.

Where groundwater flooding data is available this will be cross referenced with the flood risk, water and resources chapter.

The potential impacts on geological resources should also be considered.

This aspect will be covered within the Geological Conservation ES chapter utilising Local Authority data on potential mining and mineral sites, and consideration of designated geological sites.

The disposal of waste from construction, operation and decommissioning of the development should be assessed. Particular consideration should be given to the disposal and/or treatment of arising’s created by excavations within contaminated land.

This aspect will be covered in generic terms based upon anticipated ground conditions. However, precise treatment and disposal options are beyond the scope of the Geological Conservation chapter as this can only be considered once ground conditions are investigated and risk assessments undertaken to enable mitigation measures to be defined.

Desk Based Assessment

8.5.3 A desk-based geo-environmental study will be undertaken to collect baseline data for the study area utilising a 250m radius search buffer. The desk-based review will be undertaken using information from the following sources:

• Ordnance Survey mapping; • Landmark Envirocheck environmental database report, including historical

maps, designated geological sites, and public water supplies; • British Geological Survey maps; • EA website, including online Aquifer Designation and Groundwater Source

Protection Zone maps and hydrogeological maps; • EA Groundwater Vulnerability Maps; • Direct enquiries to the Local Authority Environmental Health Departments and

Environment Agency including locations of private water supplies.

Site Assessment

8.5.4 A site walkover survey will be undertaken to identify important geological features and evaluate the existing site setting, surface watercourses and hydrogeology and any potentially contaminative land.

8.5.5 Based on the findings of the desk based assessment and site walkover survey, it may be necessary to undertake intrusive and/or non-intrusive ground investigation works in areas of potentially contaminated ground with a view to clarifying mitigation measures.


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8.5.6 The assessment is proposed to be undertaken in accordance with European and national legislation including the Water Framework Directive, BS10175 (Code of Practice for the Investigation of Potentially Contaminated Sites) and Contaminated Land Report (CLR) 11 (Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contaminated) including the presentation of a Conceptual Model. In addition, the assessment will take account of national and local planning policies including the National Planning Policy Framework.

8.5.7 Potential effects in relation to ground contamination and land quality will be assessed using guidance given in the Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) document 552 ‘Contaminated Land Risk Assessment, A Guide to Good Practice’. The assessment of significance will be based on the risk assessment process and will take account of the different sensitivities of the identified receptors.

8.6 Assessing Significance of Effects

8.6.1 The significance of likely effects arising from the proposed development on ground conditions will be determined by identifying the magnitude of the effect and the sensitivity of the receptor.

Magnitude of Effect

8.6.2 The magnitude of potential effects (both beneficial and adverse) on environmental baseline conditions is identified in Table 8.2 below.

Table 8.2 Magnitude of Effect

Magnitude Definition

Major Total loss or substantial alteration to key elements or features of the baseline (pre-development) conditions such that the post-development character, composition or attributes will be fundamentally changed.

Moderate Loss or alteration to one or more key elements/ features of the baseline conditions such that post development character, composition or attributes of the baseline will be materially changed.

Minor

A minor shift away from baseline conditions. Change arising from the loss or alteration will be discernible but not material. The underlying character, composition or attributes of the baseline condition will be similar to the pre-development circumstances or situation.

Negligible Very little change from baseline conditions. Change barely distinguishable, approximating to a 'no change' situation.


8.6.3 A judgement has been made on the importance (sensitivity) of the receptors involved, as indicated in Table 8.3 below.

Table 8.3 Method for determining sensitivity/importance of the environment

Receptor sensitivity Description

High

Areas of critical topography, including steep slopes Inner groundwater source protection zones (SPZ 1) Areas of high groundwater vulnerability Principal aquifers Areas of known/confirmed contaminated land/groundwater Rivers with a Grade A water classification Areas of flood risk (Flood Zones 2 and 3)


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Receptor sensitivity Description End users of the site Neighbouring properties and residents

Medium

Outer groundwater source protection zones and total catchment areas (SPZ 2 and SPZ 3) Secondary aquifers Areas with intermediate groundwater vulnerability Rivers with a Grade B water classification.

Low

Industrial site topography Rivers with a Grade C or D water classification Unproductive strata Areas with low groundwater vulnerability.


8.6.4 The categories used when classifying the overall significance of potential effects (both beneficial and adverse) by considering the sensitivity of receptor and the magnitude of effect, are shown in Table 8.4 below

Table 8.4 Effect Significance Matrix

Magnitude Sensitivity of Receptor

High Medium Low Major Major Moderate Minor Moderate Moderate Moderate Minor Minor Minor Minor Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible


8.6.5 The assessment will seek to identify suitable mitigation to reduce, remove or compensate for significant adverse effects identified. Where appropriate, opportunities to enhance beneficial effects will also be identified. The residual effect expected following mitigation will be identified.


8.7.1 The effects on ground conditions could lead to inter-related effects on hydrology, protected species and habitats, and on the wider countryside. The potential inter-relationship of effects will be considered during the assessment.


8.8.1 The geological assessment will include potential cumulative effects as a result of the proposed development in combination with other major developments. Planning Inspectorate Advice Note 9 sets out that other major developments will need to be considered in assessing cumulative effects and includes those under construction; permitted but not yet implemented; submitted but not yet determined; projects on the planning inspectorates programme of projects; and those identified in development plans and other plans which are reasonably likely to come forward. The scope of projects to be considered in the cumulative assessment will be agreed with the relevant planning authorities.


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8.9 Reporting

8.9.1 The ES chapter will include the methodology followed to assess the potential impacts, assessment outcomes, any recommended mitigation measures, and residual effects. The assessment will be supported by figures as appropriate.


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9 FLOOD RISK, WATER QUALITY AND RESOURCES

9.1 Introduction

9.1.1 This chapter sets out the proposed approach to assessing the potential effects of the proposed development on the hydrological environment and the risk of flooding to and from the proposed development during the construction, operational (including maintenance) and decommissioning phases of the development.


9.2.1 The principal guidance for determination of the application is that provided by the National Policy Statements (NPSs) EN-1 and EN-5. The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and development plan policies provide additional relevant context. The Overarching National Policy Statement (NPS) for Energy EN-1 (DECC 2011a), deals with flood risk. EN-1 adopts a risk-based approach based on the former Planning Policy Statement 25 and its accompanying Practice Guide (now replaced by the National Planning Policy Framework). Guidance specifically relating to electricity networks infrastructure is provided in EN-5 (DECC 2011c). In relation to flood risk, EN-5 (paragraph 2.4.2) refers the reader to EN-1 and advises that the resilience of the project to climate change should be assessed in the ES accompanying an application. Future increased risk of flooding would be covered in any flood risk assessment.

9.2.2 The assessment will pay due regard to relevant legislation and guidance, including:

• Land Drainage Act (1991 and 1994); • Water Act (2003); • Water Resources Act (1991); • Flood and Water Management Act (2010); • The Water Environment (Water Framework Directive) (England and Wales)

Regulations (2003); • Environment Agency Pollution Prevention Guidelines; • CIRIA technical guidance, including document C648 ‘Control of Water Pollution

from Linear Construction Projects’ (CIRIA 2006).


9.3.1 A study area 150m from all parts of the proposed development will be considered as beyond this distance no significant adverse impacts are anticipated. Within the study area there are a number of Main River watercourses including:

• King Sedgemoor Drain; • Huntspill River; • River Brue; • Mark Yeo; • River Axe; • River Yeo; • River Yeo (Congresbury); • Sandy Rhyne; • Blackditch Rhyne; • River Kenn;


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• Land Yeo; • Drove Rhyne; and • River Avon (Tidal).

9.3.2 There are also a number of smaller watercourses and unnamed watercourses, ditches and rhynes which drain the area.

9.3.3 Based on the Environment Agency’s online Flood Maps the majority of the study area is within Flood Zone 3 associated with flooding from fluvial and tidal sources. The risk of river flooding in Flood Zone 3 is within the 1 in 100 year event and is considered to be a high risk of flooding. In addition there are generally narrow zones of Medium Probability Flood Zone 2 between Flood Zones 1 and 3. In this Flood Zone flooding probability will be between 1 in 100 years and 1 in 1000 year. The remainder of the study area is within Flood Zone 1 where the risk of flooding from fluvial sources is outside the 1 in 1000 year event and is considered to be at low risk of flooding.

9.3.4 Based on a review of Ordnance Survey mapping, there are small ponded areas within Section D which fall within an area at potential risk from flooding from reservoirs or other artificial sources. Further detail on the ponded areas and the location of the reservoir will be provided in the ES.


Construction Phase

Surface Water Quality

9.4.1 The potential for adverse direct and indirect effects on the surface water environment will occur primarily during the construction phase of the proposed development.

9.4.2 Potential effects on surface water quality from the construction of the development (and decommissioning of the development) include:

• Surface water pollution from silt laden run-off (including dewatering of

excavations); • Surface water pollution from spillages and leaks of polluting substances (e.g.

cement, fuel) used and stored on site; and • Localised erosion of banks and beds of watercourses when works are required

in their proximity (e.g. construction of new crossings).

Fluvial Flooding

9.4.3 Sections of the proposed development are in the floodplains of Main Rivers and Ordinary Watercourses (Rhyne). The majority of the study area is within Flood Zone 3 associated with flooding from fluvial sources.

9.4.4 Construction activities have the potential to cause blockages within watercourses and/or impact upon the floodplains of watercourses ultimately reducing their floodwater storage capability. It should be noted also that excavation adjacent to the banks of watercourses can increase the risk of overtopping and/or breach of the bank by locally lowering the level of protection, or decreasing the integrity of the bank or flood risk asset. This can increase the flood risk to adjacent land and property.


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9.4.5 It will be important that there is no increase in flood risk as a result of the storage of any material on the flood plain.

Flooding from Land (Pluvial Flooding)

9.4.6 Construction of the proposed development could potentially change pluvial flow routeing in the sections of the proposed development, which could increase the risk of pluvial flooding. This is unlikely to be significant due to the predominantly rural nature of the study area.

Flooding from Artificial Waterbodies

9.4.7 Based on a review of Ordnance Survey mapping, there are a number of small ponds within the study area. Based on the small size of these ponds the risk of flooding from these artificial residual waterbodies is considered to be low.

9.4.8 Based on the Environment Agency’s flood maps for reservoirs, it is likely that the small section of the Section D would be at risk of flooding from reservoirs or other artificial sources. The Environment Agency’s Flooding from Reservoir Map shows the largest area that might be flooded if a reservoir were to fail and release the water it holds. Since this is a prediction of a worst case scenario, it is unlikely that any actual flood would be this large and that the risk of reservoir flooding is extremely unlikely. Based on the above, the risk of flooding from artificial sources is unlikely to be significant.

Tidal Flooding

9.4.9 On the coast storm surges and high tides can threaten low lying coastal areas, and can be sometimes large and rapid enough to overtop defence works, causing significantly more damage than river flooding. Significant areas of the study area fall within Flood Zone 3 associated with tidal flood risk.

9.4.10 Flood defences in the area include man-made and natural sea defences and coastal protection in the form of hard and soft defences, with some coastal natural defences such as cliffs and beaches. The assessment will obtain data on the relevant flood defences and consult with the relevant operators of the defence to ensure no adverse impacts are experience, during or following construction.

Groundwater Flooding

9.4.11 Groundwater flooding of land can occur when groundwater levels rise close to or above ground levels. Groundwater flooding is most likely to occur in low-lying areas underlain by permeable rocks (aquifers).

9.4.12 The effects on groundwater will be assessed in the geological conservation section of the ES. The requirement and consequences of localised dewatering will be considered.

Flooding from Sewers

9.4.13 Given the predominantly rural nature of the preferred route corridor study area it is unlikely that a large number of sewerage systems will be crossed by the route of the connection.

9.4.14 No effects on flooding from sewers are anticipated as it is unlikely that the proposed development will require a connection into the existing sewerage network. Flooding from sewers is therefore scoped out of the EIA.


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Impact of the Development on Adjacent Landowners

9.4.15 During construction there is potential for the interruption or obstruction of existing flow routes. This will be considered in the ES chapter and will assess the possible flooding of adjacent land.

Operational Phase

Surface Water Quality

9.4.16 There is the possibility of some effects on surface water quality during the operational phase of the proposed development primarily during future maintenance. Maintenance of an underground cable would typically involve excavation and replacement of the section of faulty underground equipment. At the proposed substation sites and other above ground infrastructure locations potential impacts would result from routine runoff from the site or accidental spillage of a hazardous substance. All maintenance works would be infrequent and undertaken to standard working practices to ensure control of contamination and as a result effects are not anticipated to be significant. Effects on surface water quality during operation are therefore scoped out of the EIA.

Decommissioning Phase

9.4.17 Potential effects during decommissioning are predicted to be broadly similar to those outlined for construction above.


Consultation

9.5.1 As part of preparing the scoping report and preparing the scope of the hydrological assessments for the EIA, National Grid provided relevant statutory consultees with a copy of the draft method for review and comment. The representations received were taken into account when finalising the scope of the assessments. Organisations that were consulted include: • Environment Agency (EA); • North Somerset Levels Internal Drainage Board (NSLIDB) • Somerset Drainage Boards Consortium (SDBC); • West Somerset Council (WSC); • Somerset County Council (SCC); • Sedgemoor District Council (SDC); • North Somerset Council (NSC); • Bristol City Council (BCC); and • South Gloucestershire Council (SGC).



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Representation How Addressed in the EIA

The Baseline/Existing Environment section should differentiate between the flood zone for the overhead lines and that for the proposed substations, including Aust.

The baseline section of the ES chapter will consider the flood zones for individual aspects of the project. This scoping report offers an overview of the likely flood zones encountered during the project as a whole.

The chapter should define the flood requirements (design year) for the different elements of infrastructure proposed – overhead line, underground cables, substation and cable sealing end compounds.

The hydrology ES chapter will consider the flood requirements flood zones for each of the components of the project.

Individual internal drainage boards for each area should be listed.

Incorporated in to the scoping report

The Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA’s) reviewed should be listed so that we can be sure the EIA addresses the appropriate documents.

A full list of the documents reviewed during the ES process will be listed and appropriately referenced within the ES chapter.

The relevant policy and assessment requirement guidance is referred to with regard to water environment impacts, but since the introduction of the Flood and Water Management Act 2010, the legislative framework under which land drainage and flood risk management regulation has been administered has changed. It is considered that this Act should be included in setting the legislative framework.

Noted – the outcomes of the Flood and Water Management Act 2010 and all subsequent legislation will be documented and adhered to within the ES chapter. Reference to this legislation incorporated in to the scoping report.

The structure of the chapter does not yet make it quite clear the approach to be taken on each topic, in each phase of the works, construction, and operation and decommissioning, taken in turn.

Noted – The ES chapter will clearly discuss each phase of the development (i.e. construction, operation and decommissioning) for each component of the proposed development.

An additional section should be included in the Operational Phase section to address this potential groundwater flooding of land, which in its turn may affect soil quality, productivity…as much of the proposed route will pass through areas below the normal or penned water level in watercourses, and pylon foundations, and the cables and protective surround in undergrounded sections, will be below the water table level.

This issue will be covered in the geological conservation chapter of the ES. Any potential impact on the above ground surface water features will be considered in the hydrology chapter.

The effects on the potential interruption or obstruction, and the possible flooding of adjacent land should be considered in the water and hydrology section of the ES.

Incorporated in to the scoping report. ES chapter will consider these impacts further.


9.5.3 A desk study will be undertaken to identify the existing hydrological features and assess any potential effects caused by the proposed development during construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the proposed development. The hydrology will be assessed in terms of the natural drainage patterns, base flows and volumes, run-off rates, geomorphology and water quality.

9.5.4 It is proposed that data will be collated from the following sources:


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• British Geological Survey (BGS) 1:50,000 scale geological mapping; • Information from the EA and local authorities on abstractions and discharges to

watercourses; • Hydrogeological maps; • Groundwater vulnerability maps; • Soil survey maps; • EA water quality and discharge records; • Highway drainage records; • Local authority private water supply records; and • Publications including, but not limited to, the Strategic Flood Risk Assessment

(SFRA), Preliminary Flood Risk Assessments (PFRA), Catchment Management Plan (CMP) and South West Region River Basin Management Plan (RBMP).

9.5.5 Further consultation will be carried out with the EA, NSLIDB, SDBC, WSC, SCC, SDC, NSC, BCC and SGC.

9.5.6 A qualitative assessment will be undertaken incorporating the objectives of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the issues set out for the watercourses under the South West RBMP so as to determine compliance with these objectives. The assessment will also identify any WFD mitigation measures proposed to improve the status of locally designated water bodies. However, since the WFD is concerned with non-temporary effects, it is considered that no appraisal of construction effects is required.

9.5.7 A Flood Risk Assessment (FRA) of the proposed development will be undertaken in accordance with the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), BS 8533-2011 Assessing and managing flood risk in development Code of practice and the Interim Code of Practice for Sustainable Drainage. The assessment will include:

• A review of previous relevant studies including geotechnical, hydrological and

other previous drainage assessments; • A review of the existing drainage systems; and • Consultation with the Environment Agency, Relevant Local and Unitary

Authorities, Local Internal Drainage Boards and other relevant stakeholders to determine the requirement for a FRA.

9.5.8 A drainage strategy will be developed to address the management of surface waters to ensure flood risk to the surrounding area is not increased.

9.5.9 Under the terms of the Water Resources Act 1991, prior written consent of the EA is required for any proposed works or structures, in, under, over or within 8 metres of the top of the bank of a designated a ‘Main River’. Consent will be required for permanent works and any temporary works. It will be important to ensure that any in channel works do not cause blockages that could increase the flood risk in the area. Where consent from the EA is required, this will be agreed prior to the submission of the Development Consent Order application to the Planning Inspectorate.

Site Assessment

9.5.10 A site walkover reconnaissance survey will be undertaken to establish flood related features and other relevant information on existing drainage including crossing points. The walkover reconnaissance survey will be undertaken along the full


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proposed route and adjacent area of interest corridor, with access agreed with all relevant interests along the route. This is necessary to obtain a sufficient level of detail of land, soils, watercourse crossings etc.

9.5.11 A constraints map will be produced presenting the results of the desk-based assessment and field survey.

9.6 Assessing the Significance of Effects

Significance Criteria

9.6.1 Potential effects will be assessed using criteria from the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA)35. Where necessary, mitigation strategies will be devised in consultation with the EA, and will follow best practice guidelines including the EA’s Pollution Prevention Guidelines.

Magnitude of Effect

9.6.2 The magnitude of potential effects (both beneficial and adverse) on hydrological baseline conditions will be identified through the detailed consideration of the proposed development. Possible effects will be evaluated initially without mitigation, and then subsequently after mitigation measures have been identified and incorporated in the evaluation. The following criteria will be used for determining the magnitude of a particular effect: • High Magnitude - Total loss or major alteration to key elements or features of

the baseline conditions to the extent that post-development character or composition of baseline conditions will be fundamentally changed;

• Moderate Magnitude - Loss or alteration to one or more key elements or features of the baseline conditions to the extent that post-development character or composition of the baseline conditions will be materially changed;

• Low Magnitude - Minor shift away from baseline conditions. Changes arising will be detectable but not material; the underlying character or composition of the baseline conditions will be similar to the pre-development situation; and

• Negligible Magnitude - Very little change from baseline conditions. Change is barely distinguishable, approximating to a ‘no change’ situation.


9.6.3 The sensitivity of the hydrological baseline conditions will be assessed with reference to the relative importance of existing environmental features on or near to the connection route (e.g. whether features are of national, regional or local importance) and by the sensitivity of receptors which would potentially be affected by the development.

9.6.4 The following criteria provide a general definition for determining the sensitivity of receptors. Sensitivity criteria for this chapter will be based on the following:

35 Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment: The State of Environmental Impact Assessments in the UK:IEMA 2011


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• Very High Sensitivity - The receptor has little or no ability to absorb change

without fundamentally altering its present character, is of very high environmental value, or of international importance e.g. European Community (EC) designated salmonid fishery or flood plain or defence protecting more than 100 residential from flooding (Flood Zone 3);

• High Sensitivity - The receptor has low ability to absorb change without fundamentally altering its present character, is of high environmental value, or of national importance e.g. a waterbody with a water quality status of good to high or a Flood plain or defence protecting between 1 and 100 residential properties or industrial premises from flooding (Flood Zone 3);

• Moderate Sensitivity - The receptor has moderate capacity to absorb change without significantly altering its present character, has some environmental value, or is of regional importance. e.g. a Watercourse of interest at a County, regional or national scale with a water quality status of moderate to good. Or a flood plain or defence protecting 10 or fewer residential properties or industrial premises from flooding” not appropriate, and consider “or an area of flood plain with limited constraints and a medium probability of flooding of residential and industrial properties (EA Flood Zone 2).

• Low Sensitivity - The receptor is tolerant of change without detriment to its character, is of low environmental value, or local importance e.g. a Watercourse of interest at a local to district scale with a water quality status of poor to moderate or an area of flood plain with limited constraints and a low probability of flooding of residential and industrial properties (Flood Zone 1); and

• Negligible Sensitivity - The receptor is resistant to change or is of little environmental value. E.g. a local water feature of very limited value or very poor quality or an area outside flood plain or flood plain with very low probability of flooding.


9.6.5 A combination of the magnitude of the likely effect and the sensitivity of the receiving environment will determine the overall significance of effects. The significance of the likely effects arising from the proposed development will be categorised throughout the ES as follows:

Table 9.2 Criteria for Assessing Significance

Magnitude Sensitivity/Importance

Very High High Moderate Low Negligible

High Major Major Moderate Moderate Minor

Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Minor Minor

Low Moderate Minor Minor Minor None

Negligible Minor Minor None None None


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9.6.6 Table 9.2 is based on the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment’s ‘Statement of Environmental Impact Assessment in the UK’ as a guide to approach the assessment of an effect’s significance.

Mitigation

9.6.7 The assessment will seek to identify suitable mitigation to reduce, remove or compensate for significant adverse effects identified, for example, a drainage strategy will be developed to address the management of surface waters to ensure flood risk to the surrounding area is not increased. Appropriate pollution prevention and site management methods will be outlined to protect local residents, workers and the environment during site development. An assessment of residual effects after mitigation will be presented.

9.6.8 Where appropriate, opportunities to enhance beneficial effects will also be identified. The residual impact expected following mitigation will be identified.


9.7.1 The effects on hydrology could lead to effects on protected species and habitats, and on the wider countryside. The potential inter-relationships of effects will be considered during the assessment


9.8.1 The hydrological assessment will include potential cumulative effects as a result of the proposed development in combination with other major developments. Planning Inspectorate Advice Note 9 sets out that other major developments will need to be considered in assessing cumulative effects and includes those under construction; permitted but not yet implemented; submitted but not yet determined; projects on the planning inspectorates programme of projects; and those identified in development plans and other plans which are reasonably likely to come forward. The scope of projects to be considered in the cumulative assessment will be agreed with the relevant planning authorities.

9.9 Reporting

9.9.1 The ES chapter will describe the environmental baseline, predict potential effects, and make recommendations for mitigation and the need for consents and licences. The assessment will include figures illustrating the location of all known water features within each study area.


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10 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT

10.1 Introduction

10.1.1 This chapter of sets out the proposed approach to assessing the likely significant effects of traffic associated with the proposed development during the construction, operational and decommissioning phases of the works. The chapter will also include an assessment of the likely effects on other aspects of the transport network, such as, Public Rights of Way (PRoW), footpaths, public bridleways, byways, railways, rivers and cycle routes. This will include the potential effects on the users of the transport networks including, pedestrians, cyclists, equestrians, service buses, school buses, heavy goods vehicles, users of the rivers and general road traffic. The assessment will include the identification of sensitive receptors, roads and access points likely to be affected, the extent of any likely effects, and potential mitigation measures to reduce or remove identified effects.


Environmental Policy

10.2.1 The need for an Environmental Assessment of the traffic and transport implications of the proposed development is highlighted in several documents and guidance notes including the National Policy Statements EN-1 and EN-5, the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and the Department for Transport’s (DfT) Guidance on Transport Assessment. The DFT “Guidance on Transport Assessments” (2007), states:

“The environmental impacts of any significant development need to be addressed. This might include it being covered by a separate Environmental Statement (ES), which involves an assessment of a development’s potential environmental implications, including those that are transport related. This will help ensure the impacts and the scope for mitigating them are properly addressed.”

10.2.2 Additional national and local policy considerations in regards to traffic and transport and the proposed development include the following:

• West Somerset Council Local Plan up to 2032 (2012); • Sedgemoor Core Strategy 2006-2027 (2011); • Hinkley Point C Project Supplementary Planning Consultation (2011); • Somerset Future Transport Plan 2011-2026 (2011); • Adopted 2nd Review Gloucestershire Structure Plan (1991-2011); • West of England Joint Local Transport Plan 3 (North Somerset, Bristol and

South Gloucestershire Councils) 2011-2026 (2011); and • Bridgwater Vision (2009).


10.3.1 This section provides a description of the existing environment in relation to traffic and transportation relevant to the proposed Bridgwater to Seabank Connection; the Hinkley Line Entries; Aust substation; Sandford substation and associated 132kV connection; and the proposed WPD 132kV undergrounding.


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Roads

10.3.2 Within Section A (and for the majority of the area between Bridgwater and Seabank) the M5 follows a north to south alignment roughly parallel to the proposed development. In places the motorway is approximately 400m west of the proposed development. The M5 forms part of the strategic motorway network and provides national highway connections.

10.3.3 The A39 Bath Road connects to the M5 at Junction 23. The 400kV overhead line and the existing 132kV overhead line both cross the A39 on the southern side of Puriton Ridge In proximity to the proposed development the A39 is approximately 8.5m wide and comprises a single lane in each direction. There is also an intermittent footway along the edge of the southern carriageway.

10.3.4 In addition to the A39, a number of smaller access roads and local farm access would be crossed by the proposed development. These include Woolavington Road, the B3139 Woolavington Hill, Higher Road and a number of local unclassified roads that provide links to local developments.

10.3.5 Woolavington Road comprises a single lane carriageway in each direction and has a combined width of 6m. It connects to the B3139 in the east and the village of Puriton in the west.

10.3.6 Traffic data has been obtained for the M5 and the A39 which identify that in 2011 average annual daily two-way flows (AADF) for all vehicles were 78,014 (10% HGV) for the M5 and 10,950 (7% HGV) for the A39.

Walking and Cycling

10.3.7 National Cycle Route 3 travels through the villages of Bawdrip and Woolavington but is not crossed by the proposed development. At Woolavington, National Cycle Route 3 connects to National Route 33.

10.3.8 National Cycle Route 3 connects Land's End to Bristol. The route north of Bridgwater crosses the Somerset Levels, Mendip Hills and the Chew Valley utilising mainly country roads. National Cycle Route 33 connects Bristol and Seaton and provides links to Clevedon, Weston-super-Mare, Bridgwater and Chard.

10.3.9 A review of Somerset County Council’s Public Rights of Way (PROW) map has indicated that up to five designated PROWs may be affected by the development proposals. These have been listed in Table 10.1 below.

Table 10.1 Section A Designated PROW Section A – PROW (Somerset County Council)

Reference PROW Number A1 10534 A2 8060 A3 8058 A4 8064 A5 8063

Public Transport

10.3.10 There are bus stops along the A39 Bath Road in the vicinity of the proposed development. The A39 is utilised by the 375 service (Wells to Bridgwater) which


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operates hourly Monday-Saturday with extra services during peak times, and a reduced service on Sundays and bank holidays.

10.3.11 The closest rail connections are in Bridgwater approximately 5km from the proposed development in Section A.


Roads

10.3.12 Within Section B the proposed development crosses a number of local link roads which include the B3139 Mark Causeway, Harp Road, the A38 close to Rooks Bridge and Webbington Road close to Webbington and the Mendip Hills AONB.

10.3.13 The B3139 Mark Causeway connects Wedmore village in the east with Highbridge in the west. It is formed of a single carriageway with a lane in each direction. The overall width of the B3139 in proximity to the proposed development is approximately 6m. A number of properties and farm accesses front onto Mark Causeway in the vicinity of the proposed development.

10.3.14 In comparison Harp Road provides a connection north to the A38 and is formed of a single carriageway approximately 5m wide. There are no footways present along this link and it provides access to a number of rural properties and farms.

10.3.15 Approximately 3.5km to the north of Harp Road the proposed development crosses the A38 close to Rooks Bridge. In this location the A38 comprises a single lane in each direction with a narrow footway along the northern edge of the carriageway. There are a small number of properties and commercial premises that front onto the A38 however these are set back from the carriageway.

10.3.16 The A38 connects with the M5 and the wider motorway network via Junction 22.

10.3.17 In addition to the links mentioned above there are a number of smaller unclassified roads, typically farm accesses that will also be crossed by the proposed development.

10.3.18 Traffic flows for A38 identify that the average two-way vehicle flows in 2011 were 13,493 6% of which were HGVs.

Walking and Cycling

10.3.19 In Section B National Cycle Route 33 will be crossed by the proposed development.

10.3.20 There are a numerous public rights of way throughout this section. From an initial assessment of Somerset County Council’s PROW register it is anticipated that in the region of 18 PROW may be affected. These have been set out in Table 10.2.


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Table 10.2 Section B Designated PROW

Public Transport

10.3.21 In the vicinity of the proposed development bus stops are located along the B3139 and the A38. The A38 is utilised by the 102 service (Weston-super-Mere to Puriton) which runs twice daily Monday-Friday, and three times a day on Saturdays.

10.3.22 The closest rail connections to the site are at Highbridge approximately 4km to the west of the proposed development. No rail connections would be crossed in this section of the route.


Roads

10.3.23 Within Section C the proposed development passes close to the M5 at Webbington before crossing a number of unclassified roads through the Mendip Hills AONB. To the north of the AONB it crosses the A371 Banwell Road close to the village of Winscombe and the A368 Station Road at Sandford.

10.3.24 Many of the local classified roads are narrow, in the region of 3.5m to 4m wide and do not have any footway provision. Many like Max Mill Lane provide access to local farms and agricultural fields or developments and have hedgerows and trees along each side of the carriageway.

10.3.25 The A371 Banwell Road is approximately seven metres wide and formed of a single lane in each direction. It connects to the A38 in Winscombe and with the A370 to the west of the M5 close to Weston-super-Mare. The A370 provides access to the M5 via Junction 21.

10.3.26 Further north the proposed development crosses the A368 Station Road close to Sandford. The A368 provides links to the A38 and A39 in the east as well as the A371 in the west. In the vicinity of the proposed development the A368 comprises a single lane in each direction with a combined width of approximately eight metres.

Section B – PROW (Somerset County Council) Reference PROW Number

B1 8333 B2 8336 B3 7866 B4 7865 B5 7864 B6 7863 B7 7862 B8 8489 B9 8483 B10 8478 B11 11479 B12 8480 B13 11478 B14 10689 B15 10693 B16 9330 B17 9331


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10.3.27 AADF vehicle flow data for 2011 indicate that 9,226 vehicles travel on the A371 per day (2% HGVs) while 4,041 use the A368 (3% HGVs).

Walking and Cycling

10.3.28 National Cycle Route 26 passes through Winscombe. It connects Yatton to Axbridge and Cheddar and follows a disused railway line. As such the route is mainly off-road with short on-road sections. The proposed development does not cross the cycle way, however, to the north of the Mendip Hills AONB it comes within 500m.

10.3.29 Approximately 16 designated PROW are in Section C that may be affected by the proposed development. These have been listed in Table 10.3 below.

Table 10.3 Section C Designated PROW Section C – PROW (North Somerset County Council)

Reference PROW Number C1 AX29/28/10 C2 AX3/21/10 C3 AX29/14/20 C4 AX29/16/10 C5 AX43924 C6 AX3/22/10 C7 AX3/53/30 C8 AX29/41/20 C9 AX29/50/40 C10 AX29/48/10 C11 AX29/76/10 C12 AX24/7/9 C13 AX24/7A/10 C14 AX16/22/10 C15 AX16/21/30 C16 AX16/44/30

Public Transport

10.3.30 There are bus stops along the A371. First Bus and Bakers Coaches jointly operate the 121 service (Weston-Super-Mare to Bristol) along the A371. This operates hourly Monday to Saturday and a five daily services on Sundays and bank holidays.

10.3.31 There are no local rail connections within Section C. The closest to the proposed development are at Worle.


Roads

10.3.32 Within Section D it is anticipated a number of local roads would be crossed by the proposed development. These include Drove Way, the A370, the B3133 North End and Nailsea Wall Lane. In addition there are many local unclassified access roads close to the proposed development.

10.3.33 Drove Way connects to the A368 at Sandford and continues north towards Puxton. It is formed of a single carriageway approximately five metres wide with high hedgerows along each edge.


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10.3.34 To the north of Puxton the A370 follows a rough west to east alignment. It connects to the M5 at Junction 21 in the west and continues for approximately 23km north west to Bristol. In the vicinity of the proposed development, close to Congresbury, the A370 is formed of a single lane in each direction with an overall carriageway width of approximately 8m. There are also footways and street lighting along the carriageway edges.

10.3.35 Traffic flows obtained for the A370 in 2011 were 16,750 with 4% of these being HGVs.

10.3.36 North End Road forms part of the B3133 which connects to the A370 in the south and Clevedon in the north. It passes through the settlements of Yatton and Horsecastle and is formed of a single lane in each direction with an overall carriageway width of approximately 7m. There is also a footway along the eastern carriageway edge.

10.3.37 Nailsea Wall Lane is a narrow singular carriageway approximately 4m wide. It provides connections to the A370 in the east and Clevedon in the west via the B3133. The B3133 can also be used to gain access to the M5 at Junction 20. Nailsea Wall Lane also forms part of National Cycle Route 410.

Walking and Cycling

10.3.38 Within Section D the proposed development will cross National Cycle Route 26 which connects Yatton to Axbridge and Cheddar, but also National Cycle Route 410 which forms part of the Avon Cycleway which is an 85 mile circular route around Bristol. For the most part it is on-road and utilises quiet country lanes, such as Nailsea Wall Lane.

10.3.39 Approximately 25 designated PROW in Section D may be affected by the proposed development. These have been listed in Table 10.4 below.

Table 10.4 Section D Designated PROW Section D – PROW (North Somerset County Council)

Reference PROW Number D1 LA21/28/20 D2 LA21/28/10 D3 LA11/6/10 D4 LA21/31/10 D5 LA21/32/20 D6 LA10/2/10 D7 LA10/3/10 D8 LA10/4/10 D9 LA22/15/20 D10 LA16/25/10 D11 LA13/1/10 D12 LA21/37/30 D13 LA13/49/10 D14 LA16/23/10 D15 LA16/21/10 D16 LA16/19/10 D17 LA16/1/10 D18 LA16/1/20 D19 LA16/2/40 D20 LA5/4/10 D21 LA20/29/10 D22 LA5/15/20


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Section D – PROW (North Somerset County Council) Reference PROW Number

D23 LA20/26/10 D24 LA20/84/30 D25 LA5/15/10

Public Transport

10.3.40 There are bus stops on the A370, B3133, and B3130. There are hourly services along this route to Bristol and Clevedon.

10.3.41 The closest rail interchange to the proposed development is at Yatton approximately 3km to the east. In addition, the Bristol to Exeter railway line crosses the proposed development to the west of Yatton.


Roads

10.3.42 In Section E the proposed development crosses a number of key highway links which include the B3130 Clevedon Road, Whitehouse Lane, Cadbury Camp Lane and the M5 motorway.

10.3.43 The B3130 Clevedon Road links Nailsea in the east with Clevedon in the west. It is formed of a single lane in each direction with an overall carriageway width of approximately 6m. There are footways along each edge of the carriageway.

10.3.44 Whitehouse Lane follows a broadly north to south alignment from the B3128 in the south to the B3214 to the north of the M5. It comprises a single lane approximately 3m wide in each direction.

10.3.45 Cadbury Camp Lane is a narrow private road formed of a single carriageway that follows an east to west alignment.

10.3.46 To the north of Tickenham Ridge the proposed development crosses the M5. At this location, the M5 comprises three lanes plus a hard shoulder in and easterly direction and four lanes plus a hard shoulder in a westerly direction, separated by a central reservation. The approximate width of the motorway at this location is 35m.

10.3.47 Traffic flows have been obtained for the M5 in the vicinity of the proposed development. These indicate that 103,263 vehicles travel along the M5 daily with 9% of traffic HGVs.

Walking and Cycling

10.3.48 A local off-road cycle route which follows an old abandoned road through High Wood and terminates close to Wynhol Viaduct lies close to the proposed development; however, this is not crossed.

10.3.49 There is approximately 14 PROW that could be affected by the proposed development in Section E these have been listed in Table 10.5.


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Table 10.5 Section E Designated PROW Section E – PROW (North Somerset Council)

Reference PROW Number E1 LA5/15/40 E2 LA20/84/30 E3 LA5/15/10 E4 LA05/04/10 E5 LA05/09/20 E6 LA5/14/10 E7 LA05/03/10 E8 LA05/01/10 E9 LA05/07/30 E10 LA05/08/10 E11 LA05/07/10 E12 LA05/07/20 E13 LA05/02/40 E14 LA15/13/10

Public Transport

10.3.50 The B3128 forms part of a local bus route and as such there are a number of stops along this route.

10.3.51 The closest rail connections to the site are at Nailsea and Backwell approximately 6km south east of the proposed development.


Roads

10.3.52 Within Section F the proposed development crosses the A369 just north of the M5.

10.3.53 The A369 is a key distributor link serving Portishead and Bristol. It links to the M5 at Junction 19. It comprises a single carriageway in each direction with a combined carriageway width of approximately 8m.

10.3.54 In addition to the A369, the proposed development crosses an unclassified road to the east of Portishead (Sheepway). Sheepway is a single carriageway approximately 4.5m wide. It links to the A369 via a roundabout and provides access to a number of farms.

10.3.55 To the east of Sheepway the proposed development crosses The Drove. This area is industrial in nature and houses distribution centres and as such has been design to cater for large vehicles.

10.3.56 Traffic data for the A369 indicates that in 2011 the average flow of vehicles using this link was 10,343 with 1% being HGVs.

Walking and cycling

10.3.57 Sheepway forms an on-road section of National Cycle Route 26. Locally it connects Portbury and Portishead.

10.3.58 In addition to National Cycle Route 26, there are approximately three designated PROW that could be affected by the proposed development. These have been listed in Table 10.6.


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Table 10.6 Section F Designated PROW Section F – PROW (North Somerset County Council)

Reference PROW Number F1 LA/8/67/10 F2 LA/8/6/10 F3 LA/8/6/5

Public Transport

10.3.59 There are bus stops on the A369 (The Portbury Hundred). These are well utilised by multiple services which include the 358/359 (Bristol to Portishead) which runs frequent services on weekdays, weekends, and bank holidays, the 357 (Bristol to Portishead) which runs an hourly service Monday to Saturday and the X25/125 which runs frequently Monday to Saturday.

10.3.60 The closest rail connections to the site are located at Avonmouth and Shirehampton.


Roads

10.3.61 Within Section G the proposed development crosses the A403, the A4 and Kings Weston Lane. The A403 St Andrew’s Road connects to the A4 and provides connections into the industrial area of Avonmouth Docks. As a result it is approximately 16m wide and has two lanes in each direction.

10.3.62 King Weston Lane provides links between the A403 and Lawrence Weston. It comprises a single carriageway in each direction with a combined width of 10m.

10.3.63 The A4 connects to the A403 via a large roundabout at Avonmouth. It is formed of a number of lanes in each direction and is approximately 10m wide. It is a key highway link for transporting goods from the docks to Bristol. In addition, the A4 also provides connections to Junction 18A of the M5 which lies to the east of the proposed development.

10.3.64 Traffic flows have been obtained for the A4 and the A403. These identify that 18,744 (21% HGVs) use the A4 per day while 10,937 vehicles (21% HGVs) use the A403.

Walking and Cycling

10.3.65 National Cycle Route 41 is to the south of the proposed development. It is an off-road cycle way that follows the line of the M5 close to Avonmouth and connects Bristol, Gloucester, Stratford-upon-Avon and Rugby.

10.3.66 Off-road cycle infrastructure is also provided along sections of the A403 St Andrews Road.

10.3.67 There are approximately seven designated PROW that could be affected by the proposed development. These are set out in Table 10.7.


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Table 10.7 Section G Designated PROW Section G – PROW (North Somerset County

Council/Bristol City Council) Reference PROW Number

G1 LA/15/15/20 G2 LA/15/22/10 G3 BCC/6/10 G4 BCC/5/10 G5 BCC/1A/31 G6 BCC/552/20 G7 BCC/555/10

Public Transport

10.3.68 Two bus services can be accessed from Mclaren Road in Avonmouth, approximately 500m to the south of the A403. Regular services are available into Bristol city centre.

10.3.69 In addition, Avonmouth Railway Station and St Andrews Railway Station are located in close proximity to the proposed development.


Roads

10.3.70 There are few highway links in the vicinity of the site or the proposed development.

10.3.71 The key highway link in the area is Wick Moor Drove. This provides connections to the power station in the north with Withycombe Hill Road to the south close to the settlement of Cockwood.

10.3.72 Wick Moor Drove comprises a single carriageway in each direction with an overall carriageway width of approximately 5m. A number of small access roads connect onto Wick Moor Drove providing links into surrounding rural areas.

10.3.73 From Wick Moor Drove, Withycombe Road (B339) provides links to Bridgwater to the south west of the power station through the village of Cannington. It comprises a single carriageway in each direction with an overall carriageway width of 7m.

10.3.74 As part of the Hinkley Point C Power Station development a new bypass is proposed around the edge of Cannington.

Walking and Cycling

10.3.75 Due to the rural nature of the area there are no designated cycle ways in the vicinity of the proposed development.

10.3.76 There are, however, approximately seven PROW that may be affected by the proposals. These have been listed in Table 10.8.


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Table 10.8 Hinkley Point Line Entry Modifications Designated PROW Hinkley Point Line Entry – PROW (West Somerset

Council) Reference PROW Number

HPLE1 W/L/32/110 HPLE 2 W/L/23/70 HPLE 3 W/L/23/60 HPLE 4 W/L/23/64 HPLE 5 W/L/23/67 HPLE 6 W/L/23/106 HPLE 7 W/L/23/82

Public Transport

10.3.77 There are few public transport connections in the vicinity of the proposed development.

10.3.78 The closest bus services can be accessed from Cannington and these provide regular service to the surrounding area including Bridgwater.

10.3.79 The closest rail connections to the proposed development are in Bridgwater approximately 13km south east of the power station.

Aust Study Area

Roads

10.3.80 The location of the proposed substation at Aust is approximately 750m north of Junction 1 of the M48.

10.3.81 The M48 is a key highway link providing connections to Wales via the Severn Bridge and Bristol. It is formed of two lanes in each direction, each approximately 3.5m wide, with the Severn Bridge westbound toll booths located close to Junction 1.

10.3.82 There is an existing access road that connects to the proposed substation site. This can be reached via the M48 services and Junction 1. The access road is a single lane approximately 3m wide.

10.3.83 Traffic data obtained for the M48 indicates that the average daily vehicle flows on the motorway are in the region of 20,000 with 10% being HGVs.

Walking and Cycling

10.3.84 A review has been undertaken of the PROW in the area surrounding the proposed development. While it is recorded that there are a number of paths in the area these are not designated PROW.

10.3.85 There are, however, a number of designated cycle routes in the vicinity of the development including National Cycle Route 4 a long distance route between London and Fishguard. In the vicinity of the site this provides off-road cycle infrastructure over the Seven Bridge.

10.3.86 In addition, to the east of the M48 there is a local off-road cycle route providing access to the settlements of Old Down and Elberton. From Elberton access can also be gained to National Cycle Route 41 which provides connections to Stratford-upon-Avon.


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Public Transport

10.3.87 There is no public transport infrastructure in the vicinity of the development site.

10.4 Characteristics of the Potential Effects

Construction Phase Effects

10.4.1 The construction of the proposed development will result in temporary increases in traffic flows on the road networks around the development associated with the delivery of materials, plant and equipment and the removal of spoil. There will also be a requirement for abnormal loads on the highway network for the delivery of the super grid transformers to the proposed 400/132kV GSP Sandford substation. It is likely that temporary roads will be required to each pylon location and temporary haul roads will be required immediately parallel along the underground cables to facilitate the movement of construction vehicles. Permanent access roads will be required to the substation and cable sealing end compounds.

10.4.2 The activities listed above could result in effects including: • Temporary increases in existing traffic flows; • Temporary road closures, diversions and/or widening; • Temporary disruption on railway tracks due to short overnight closures; • Temporary bell mouths and site entrances for access to construction areas; • Temporary closures and/or diversions of PRoW and other public access routes; • Temporary disruption to Protected Lanes; and • Temporary disruption to traffic flows associated with vehicle access points to the

alignment, substations, temporary haul road and/or permanent access roads to the substation and cable sealing end compounds.

10.4.3 Effects that may occur on the transport networks could potentially affect the users including:

• Pedestrians; • Cyclists; • Equestrians; • Service buses; • School buses; • Heavy goods vehicles deliveries; • General road traffic users; and • Users of the rivers, such as sailors and canoeists.

10.4.4 Once construction is complete, reinstatement of the transport network will be to its original condition. Photographs and videos will be taken of all access routes before, during and after the construction works, to ensure that there is a record of road conditions throughout the project.

Operational Phase Effects

10.4.5 It is not anticipated that there will be adverse effects on transport networks during the operational phase of the development as traffic movements will be limited to infrequent repair and routine maintenance works on all aspects of the development. Effects on traffic and transport during operation are therefore scoped out of the EIA.


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Decommissioning Phase Effects

10.4.6 The effects on the transport networks during the decommissioning of the development will be similar to the effects identified above for the construction phase.

10.4.7 It is likely there will be temporary increases in traffic flows associated with the removal of materials, plant and equipment and the removal of spoil. There may also be a requirement for abnormal loads on the highway network for the removal of the super grid transformers at Sandford substation. It is likely that temporary haul roads will be required immediately parallel along the underground cables to facilitate the movement of construction vehicles. The permanent access roads to the substation and cable sealing end compounds will be removed.


Consultation

10.5.1 As part of preparing the scoping report and preparing the scope of the traffic and transport assessments for the EIA, National Grid provided relevant statutory consultees with a copy of the draft method for review and comment. The representations received were taken into account when finalising the scope of the assessments. Organisations that were consulted include:

• British Waterways (South West); • Highway Agency; • Environment Agency; • Internal Drainage Board; • Network Rail; • West Somerset Council (WSC); • Somerset County Council (SCC); • Sedgemoor District Council (SDC); • North Somerset Council (NSC); • Bristol City Council (BCC); and • South Gloucestershire Council (SGC).



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Table 10.9 Consultation Comments and Responses Representation

How Addressed in the EIA

(1) Data Sources and Policy Context – Consider Circular 02/2007 in the drafting of transport and traffic assessment.

(2) Baseline and Existing Environment – Consider seasonal variations in the phasing plan.

(3) Potential Environmental Effects – Site specific Construction Management Plans and Travel Plan may be required.

(4) Inter-relationship of Effects – Noise and Air Quality Assessment will be required.

(5) Cumulative Effects – A list of committed developments should be presented to the Highways Agency before detailed assessments begin.

(6) Highway Safety is paramount to the SRN and should be assessed.

(1) Agreed and included in the scoping report. (2) Agreed and included in the scoping report. (3) Agreed to be included as a requirement to the

DCO. (4) Agreed and included in the scoping report. (5) National Grid will agree the list of

developments to be considered in the Cumulative impact assessment with the local planning authorities and Highways Agency.

(6) A detailed highway safety review will be completed as part of the Transport Assessment to accompany the scheme.

A number of comments received related primarily to a Transport Assessment which is being scoped separately and will form a separate piece of work to the ES. The responses listed below relate to the ES only. (1) If any impacts are considered to be

longer than temporary, then a full assessment of the criteria defined within the IEMA “Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Road Traffic”:

a. Severance; b. Pedestrian Delay; c. Pedestrian Amenity; d. Driver Delay; and e. Road Safety.

(2) Each of the criteria should be scoped and a suitable methodology of assessment agreed.

(3) Sensitive receptor values should also be redefined if the works are considered permanent.

(4) Data for the noise and air quality assessments should be agreed prior to any assessment.

(5) The hours of working should be taken into consideration, particularly in areas where HGVs or AILs would be required to route past houses or other sensitive receptors.

(1) Agreed and included within the scoping report.

(2) Agreed. Scoping discussions will take place with the local planning authorities at the earliest opportunity.

(3) Agreed. Will be defined during further scoping discussions with local planning authorities.

(4) Agreed. Will be discussed during further scoping discussions with local planning authorities.

(5) Agreed and included within the scoping report.

“Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Road Traffic” (IEMA) should be closely followed in the preparation of the EIA Transport Chapter.

(1) Agreed and reference included within the scoping report.


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Representation

How Addressed in the EIA

(1) King Weston Lane connects to the A403 Lawrence Weston.

(2) The PRoWs listed in Section F relate to Section G.

(3) St Andrews Railway Station is close to the working corridor in Section G.

(1) Agreed and modification made to the scoping chapter.

(2) Modification made to the scoping chapter. (3) Modification made to the scoping chapter.

The relevant policy should be referenced in the document – South Gloucester Local Plan and Core Strategy.

(1) Reference incorporated in to the scoping report.

10.5.3 A number of non-statutory consultees will also be contacted in regards to the traffic and transportation elements of the proposals. These will include organisations such as Sustrans and the Ramblers Association.

Proposed ES Chapter Approach

10.5.4 The environmental assessment of the effects of the traffic and transportation elements of the development proposal will be based on recognised guidelines contained in the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Volume 11 (Environmental Assessment) and also the guidance for the assessment of the environmental effects of traffic provided by the Institute of Environmental Assessment (IEA) (1993), Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Road Traffic.

10.5.5 The latter document in particular has been used in the production of this scoping chapter and it will be used as a basis for the ES chapter.

10.5.6 The IEA guidelines recommend that the environmental effects listed in Table 2.1 of the guidance may be considered important when considering traffic from an individual development. These effects include:

• Noise; • Vibration; • Visual Impact; • Severance; • Driver delay; • Pedestrian delay; • Pedestrian amenity; • Accidents and safety; • Hazardous loads; • Air pollution; • Dust and dirt; • Ecological impact; and • Heritage and conservation.

10.5.7 Of these effects, many are considered in detail as part of other disciplines where specialist involvement is required such as noise, vibration, visual impact, air pollution, ecological effects and heritage and conservation.

10.5.8 With regard to the remaining effects the guidance states that the following rules should be used as a screening process to delimit the scale and extent of the assessment:


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“Include highway links where traffic flows will increase by more than 30% (or the number of heavy goods vehicles will increase by more than 30%); and

Include any other specifically sensitive areas where traffic flows have increased by 10%, or more.”

10.5.9 The IEA guidelines go on to state that any increases in traffic flows of less than 10% are generally accepted as having no discernible environmental impact as daily variance in traffic flows can be of equal magnitude.

10.5.10 The 30% threshold relates to the level at which humans may perceive change and there may therefore be an effect. Impacts above this level therefore do not suggest that there is a significant impact, only that further consideration is required to assess the significance.

10.5.11 Once the traffic generation of the development is known and a vehicle routing exercise has been undertaken an assessment of the likely environmental impacts can be undertaken.

10.5.12 Vehicle routing to the development will be considered in detail and will be discussed at length with the various Local Authorities consulted as part of this assessment.

10.5.13 Once the location and volume of the proposed increases in traffic have been identified it will be necessary to identify those receptors that may be impacted upon due to the increases in vehicular activity.

10.5.14 This will be done by first identifying the percentage increase in vehicular activity along key highway links through the collection of background traffic data.

10.5.15 Any highway link with a predicted increase in traffic above 30% or 10% in sensitive areas will be assessed further. Further assessment will identify any local receptors and consider the effects of:

• Severance; • Driver Delay; • Pedestrian Delay; • Pedestrian Amenity; and • Accidents and Safety.

10.5.16 With regard to severance, The IEA guidelines indicate that traffic flows would have to increase by more than 30% in order for a ‘slight’ change in severance to occur, 60% for a ‘moderate’ change to occur and 90% for a ‘substantial’ change to occur.

10.5.17 Driver delay can occur as a result of increased traffic flows on the network as a result of the development. This generally occurs at junctions where there are additional turning movements. As part of the assessment junction capacity assessments will be undertaken at key junctions where there is deemed to be a significant increase in traffic or there are known to be existing capacity issues.

10.5.18 With regard to pedestrian delay and amenity, changes in the volume, composition or speed of traffic may affect the ability of people to cross roads and increases in traffic generally lead to greater increase in delay for pedestrians. The IEA guidance indicates that a two-way link flow of approximately 1,400 vehicles per hour broadly equates to a 10 second pedestrian delay in crossing a road. Based on the above guidance the actual delay can be calculated for each link.


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10.5.19 In addition pedestrian and cyclist delay and amenity will be considered in regards to any footpaths or cycle ways that have to be temporarily closed due to the construction of the development.

10.5.20 Highway safety will also be considered in detail as part of the assessment process.

Desk Based Assessment and Site Assessment

10.5.21 A desk-based Transport Assessment will be undertaken to accompany the ES, focusing on the transport network in the vicinity of the proposed development.

10.5.22 The Transport Assessment will be produced in line with the document “Guidance on Transport Assessments” and will use relevant assessment guidelines which include NATA/WebTAG methodology where appropriate.

10.5.23 The study will consider existing traffic flows based on available traffic data and identify how the construction works and associated traffic movements will affect the existing transport networks, including roads, railway tracks, rivers and PRoW. The assessment will also identify ‘pinch-points’ on the networks which may affect construction activities and access routes. In consultation with the highways agency and local planning authorities, traffic counts will be carried out to support desk top studies.

10.5.24 The assessment will also take into account the sensitivities of the transport networks, (including effects on users and people living in close proximity to the roads), the nature of the effect and whether potential effects are temporary or permanent.

10.5.25 The assessment will:

• Attribute sensitivity to specific receptors; • Identify roads and other accesses at increased risk of adverse effects due to

increase in vehicle movements, vibration and noise from construction vehicles, and construction dust or vehicle emissions;

• Identify extent of likely effects, before and after mitigation; and • Comment on the requirement for construction traffic management plan(s).

Data Sources

10.5.26 It is proposed that information from relevant development plans will be obtained to provide an overview of the transport networks and areas that are likely to be affected in the vicinity of the proposed development, for example, allocated areas for highway improvements or new highways. In consultation with the Highways Agency and local planning authorities, traffic data will be collected for roads directly and indirectly affected by the proposed development. Where applicable, consultation will be undertaken with the local planning authorities regarding the designated Protected Lanes to understand the use and amenity of the highway network.


10.6.1 The significance of likely effects arising from the proposed development on traffic and transport will be determined by identifying the magnitude of the effect and the sensitivity of the receptor. Identifying the sensitivity, magnitude and significance will be based on the criteria described in the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Volume 11, Section 2, Part 5 (2008).


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Magnitude of Effect

Table 10.10 Criteria for Defining Magnitude of Effect Magnitu de of impact

Typical criteria descriptors

Major Loss of resource and/or quality and integrity of resource; severe damage to key characteristics, features or elements (Adverse).

Large scale or major improvement of resource quality; extensive restoration or enhancement; major improvement of attribute quality (Beneficial).

Moderate Loss of resource, but not adversely affecting the integrity; partial loss of/damage to key characteristics, features or elements (Adverse).

Benefit to, or addition of, key characteristics, features or elements; improvement of attribute quality (Beneficial).

Minor Some measurable change in attributes, quality or vulnerability; minor loss of, or alteration to, one (maybe more) key characteristics, features or elements (Adverse).

Minor benefit to, or addition of, one (maybe more) key characteristics, features or elements; some beneficial impact on attribute or a reduced risk of negative impact occurring (Beneficial).

Negligible Very minor loss or detrimental alteration to one or more characteristics, features or elements (Adverse).

Very minor benefit to or positive addition of one or more characteristics, features or elements (Beneficial).

No change No loss or alteration of characteristics, features or elements; no observable impact in either direction.


Table 10.11 Criteria for Defining Sensitivity of Receptors Value (sensitivity)

Typical descriptors

Very High Very high importance and rarity, international scale and very limited potential for substitution.

High High importance and rarity, national scale, and limited potential for substitution. Medium High or medium importance and rarity, regional scale, limited potential for

substitution. Low (or Lower)

Low or medium importance and rarity, local scale.

Negligible Very low importance and rarity, local scale.


Table 10.12 Criteria for Assessing Significance

Magnitude of Impact (Degree of Change)

Env

ironm

enta

l V

alue

(S

ensi

tivity

)

No

Change Negligible Minor Moderate Major

Very High Neutral Slight Moderate or Large

Large or Very Large

Very Large

High Neutral Slight Slight or Moderate

Moderate or Large

Large or Very Large


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Medium Neutral Neutral or

Slight Slight Moderate

Moderate or Large

Low Neutral Neutral or Slight

Neutral or Slight

Slight Slight or Moderate

Negligible Neutral Neutral Neutral or

Slight Neutral or

Slight Slight

Mitigation

10.6.2 The assessment will seek to identify suitable mitigation to reduce or remove significant adverse effects identified. Where appropriate, opportunities to enhance beneficial effects will also be identified. The residual impact expected following mitigation will be identified.


10.7.1 The effects from traffic could lead to effects on air quality, noise and vibration and on landscape and views. The potential inter-relationship of effects will be considered during the assessment.


10.8.1 Cumulative impacts for the construction, operational and decommissioning phases of the development will be considered by assessing the combined effects of the development with major developments which could result in accumulation of effects on the transport network (e.g. the EdF Energy Hinkley Point C Power Station). Planning Inspectorate Advice Note 9 sets out that other major developments will need to be considered in assessing cumulative effects and includes those under construction; permitted but not yet implemented; submitted but not yet determined; projects on the planning inspectorates programme of projects; and those identified in development plans and other plans which are reasonably likely to come forward. The scope of projects to be considered in the cumulative assessment will be agreed with the relevant planning authorities.

References • Department for Transport, 2007. Guidance on Transport Assessment. London:

Department for Transport.

• Department for Transport, 2008. Design Manual for Roads and Bridges. London: Department for Transport

• Highways Act 1980. s.105. London: HMSO.

• Highways (Assessment of Environmental Effects) Regulations 1988. London: HMSO.




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• Highways (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2007. London:

HMSO.

• Institute of Environmental Assessment, 1993. Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Road Traffic. London: Institute of Environmental Assessment.


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11 AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS

11.1 Introduction

11.1.1 This chapter sets out the proposed approach to assessing the likely significant effects on air quality that may occur during the construction of the proposed development. Potential effects on air quality may be due to particulate matter, for example dust from earthworks, or gases, such as nitrogen oxides from vehicle exhausts.

11.1.2 The proposed development will not adversely affect air quality during its operational phase as it does not release emissions. Effects on air quality during the operation of the development will not be assessed as part of this EIA.

11.1.3 Decommissioning of the proposed development is likely to have similar effects on air quality to those effects identified in the construction phase.


11.2.1 The EU Air Quality Framework Directive (1996) established a framework under which the EU could set limit or target values for specified pollutants. The Directive identified several pollutants for which limit or target values have been, or will be set in subsequent Daughter Directives. The Framework and Daughter directives were consolidated by Directive 2008/50/EC on Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe, which retains the existing air quality standards and introduces new objectives for fine particulates (PM2.5).

11.2.2 UK air quality policy is published under the provisions of the Environment Act, 1995, Part IV and specifically Section 80, the National Air Quality Strategy (NAQS). The latest Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland – Working Together for Clean Air, published in July 2007, sets air quality standards and objectives for ten key air pollutants to be achieved between 2003 and 2020. UK air quality standards have been transposed from European Commission (EC) Directives via the Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 and Air Quality (England) Amendment Regulations 2002. The Air Quality Limit Values Regulations 2003 and subsequent amendments implement the EU Air Quality Framework Directive. Directive 2008/50/EC was transposed into UK law in 2010 via the Air Quality Standards Regulations 2010.

11.2.3 Section 5.2.7 of National Policy Statement EN-1 states that the following need to be considered in the ES: any significant air emissions, their mitigation and any residual effects distinguishing between the project stages and taking account of any significant emissions from any road traffic generated by the project; the predicted absolute emission levels of the proposed project, after mitigation methods have been applied; existing air quality levels and the relative change in air quality from existing levels; and any potential eutrophication impacts

Dust

11.2.4 Enforcement action to control dust and odour annoyance can be taken under the Environmental Protection Act 1990. However, there are no statutory limits for odour or dust deposition/soiling, and a number of different criteria and monitoring methods have been developed to assess whether or not complaints are likely.

11.2.5 In January 2011, the Institute of Air Quality Management (IAQM) published guidance on the assessment of the effect of construction projects on local air


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quality. The approach is to classify sites according to the risk of effects and to identify mitigation appropriate to the risk.


11.3.1 The proposed development is within six different local authorities – West Somerset Council (WSC), Somerset County Council (SCC), Sedgemoor District Council (SDC), North Somerset Council (NSC), Bristol City Council (BCC) and South Gloucestershire Council (SGC). An Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) was declared by BCC for the pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10), in the city centre and main radial roads. The proposed route does not pass through or close to any AQMA. The potential for construction traffic to affect air quality will be considered.


Construction Phase Effects

11.4.1 Construction activities associated with the proposed development may give rise to dust emissions, although these will be temporary and restricted to areas close to construction activity. The potential for dust nuisance is most likely to arise from the movement of vehicles over soil, topsoil stripping, trench digging, storage of excavated subsoil, material transfers to and from lorries, material spills during transportation, handling and particularly during prolonged periods of dry weather. Construction traffic leaving the site may also bear dust and mud from the working areas which can be spread as vehicles move along the local highway network.

11.4.2 Vehicle and machinery activities associated with the construction of the development will give rise to emissions, for example from petrol and diesel combustion. The effects of these emissions may have the potential to reduce air quality and affect human health.

Operational Phase Effects

11.4.3 The overhead line, underground cables and cable sealing end compounds will not give rise to emissions or direct effects which could influence air quality or climate change. The proposed 400/132kV Grid Supply Point (GSP) substation at Sandford and the 400kV substation at Aust will utilise 400kV Highly Integrated Switchgear (HIS) for outdoor use and will be insulated by sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). SF6 is a greenhouse gas, which, if leaked into the atmosphere, could increase greenhouse gas levels. There is a very low risk of SF6 being leaked. The potential effects of SF6 being leaked into the atmosphere will be assessed during the air quality assessment, where the risk is considered significant.

Decommissioning Phase Effects

11.4.4 Effects from the decommissioning phase of the project are likely to be similar to those identified during the construction phase.


11.5.1 As part of preparing the scoping report and preparing the scope of the air quality and emissions assessments for the EIA, National Grid provided relevant statutory consultees with a copy of the draft method for review and comment. The


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representations received were taken into account when finalising the scope of the assessments. Organisations that were consulted include:

• West Somerset Council; • Sedgemoor District Council; • Somerset County Council; • North Somerset Council; • Bristol City Council; and • South Gloucestershire Council.



Representation How Addressed in the EIA If generators are located at substations then effects should be assessed

Generators are not proposed at the substations and therefore will not require assessment as part of the EIA.

Interim Advice Note 170/12 should be taken into account, where DMRB assessment is carried out.

Interim Advice Note 170/12 will be taken into account where DMRB assessment is carried out.

Further information regarding existing air quality should also be obtained using the background maps tool on Defra’s Local Air Quality Management website.

The review of existing ‘baseline’ air quality will include the mapped estimated background pollutant concentration maps. This has been incorporated into the scoping report.

No mention has been made regarding the assessment of Nitrogen deposition at sensitive ecological sites within 200m of affected routes, the methodology for which is also outlined in ‘The Design Manual for Roads and Bridges’. Further information should be included regarding this.

Where the Transport Assessment identifies that significant additional road traffic is likely to be generated on local roads, an assessment of nitrogen deposition at sensitive sites would be included in the quantitative assessment using the method outlined in the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB). Quantitative assessment of vehicle and plant exhaust emissions is not proposed for temporary haul roads or the working spread, since the number of vehicles/plant will be small and the routes temporary.

If an assessment of construction traffic emissions is required, traffic data and a suitable method for calculation Annual Average Daily Traffic as required for the air quality assessment should be agreed with the appropriate Local Authorities.

The Transport Assessment will be carried out in consultation with the local planning authorities and the Highways Agency.

Further information is required as to whether operational effects from SF6 are to be assessed, and if so what method would be applied.

There is a very low risk of SF6 being leaked from a substation. The likely magnitude of such emissions will be assessed in the air quality assessment where the risk is considered significant.

The use of the methodology for deriving the significance of effects from the proposed development outlined in the IAQM guidance is agreed for the assessment of construction dust. However, if required, further information

Should the Transport Assessment identify that significant additional road traffic will be generated, a quantitative assessment using the method outlined in the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) would be carried out. The criteria for the assessing the significance of


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11.5.3 Current air quality conditions along the proposed alignment, the existing 132kV overhead lines and the sites of the substations and cable sealing end compounds will be characterised using publicly available data from the following data sources:

• Councils’ air quality monitoring programmes; and • Data from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)

online monitoring records, http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/

11.5.4 Additional consultation will be undertaken with the Environmental Health Officers (EHOs) at WSC, SCC, SDC, NSC, BCC and SGC. Any concerns raised by the EHOs’ will be taken into consideration.

11.5.5 A qualitative assessment of the effects of construction works on air quality will be carried out with reference to the following guidance:

• The Institute of Air Quality Management’s (IAQM) Guidance on the Assessment of the Impacts of Construction on Air Quality and the Determination of their Significance;

• The Greater London Authority (GLA) and London Councils’ Best Practice Guidance on The Control of Dust and Emissions from Construction and Demolition; and

• The Environmental Protection (UK) Planning for Air Quality (2010 Update) guidance on dealing with air quality concerns within the development control process.

11.5.6 Should the Transport Assessment identify that significant additional road traffic will be generated on the existing road network during the construction phase, (‘significance’ assessed with reference to the Environmental Protection UK Guidance) a quantitative assessment of road traffic emissions to air will be undertaken using the method outlined in the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) developed by the UK Department for Transport. Sensitive receptors (for example, residential homes and ecologically sensitive sites) will be included in the assessment and pollutant concentrations, including nitrogen deposition, will be predicted at relevant locations for comparison with relevant air quality standards after accounting for background air quality conditions.

11.5.7 No appreciable impacts are anticipated during the operational phase of the proposed development.

is required on how the significance of effect from an assessment of construction traffic would be derived.

predicted traffic increases and for assessment of the predicted change in pollutant levels where a quantitative assessment is carried out, would be those suggested in EP-UK Planning for Air Quality (2010 Update).

Mitigation measures should be taken from the ‘Dust and Air Emissions Mitigation Measures’ document that accompanies the IAQM construction dust guidance and the GLA best practice guidance.

The IAQM document is based on emerging guidance from the Greater London Council, as part of their revision of the ‘The control of dust and emissions from construction and demolition: Best Practice Guidance’ (2006). Mitigation measures recommended will be based on the updated GLA Best Practice, if available, or the 2006 GLA best practice guidance and the IAQM document.


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11.6.1 The significance of likely effects arising from the proposed development on air quality will be determined by identifying the magnitude of the effect and the sensitivity of the receptor. Identifying the sensitivity, magnitude and significance will be based on the criteria described below.

Magnitude of Effect

11.6.2 The Institute of Air Quality Management (IAQM) has published a guidance document for the assessment of construction phase impacts. The risk category of the construction site is assessed and used to specify the level of mitigation required. To assess the potential impacts, construction activities are divided into four types, as follows:

• Demolition; • Earthworks; • Construction; and • ‘Trackout’ of material onto local roads.

11.6.3 For each activity, the risk of dust annoyance and/or health or ecological impacts is determined using three risk categories: low, medium and high risk.


11.6.4 Example criteria to identify the sensitivity of the surrounding area are provided in the IAQM guidance and are summarised in Table 11.2 below. Table 11.2 Sensitivity of the Area Surrounding the Site

Sensitivity of Area Human Receptors Ecological Receptors (1)

Very High

Very densely populated area; >100 dwellings within 20m; Local PM10 concentrations exceed the objective; Contaminated building present; Very sensitive receptors (e.g. oncology units); Works continuing in one area of the site for more than 1 year

European Designated site.

High

Densely populated area; 10 - 100 dwellings within 20m; Local PM10 concentrations close to the objective (annual mean 36 - 40µg/m3); Commercially sensitive horticultural land within 20m.

Nationally Designated site

Medium Suburban or edge of town area; <10 dwellings within 20m; Local PM10 concentrations below the objective (annual mean 30 - 36µg/m3)

Locally designated area

Low

Rural or industrial area; No receptor within 20m; Local PM10 concentrations well below the objective (<75%) Wooded area between site and receptors

No designations

Note: (1) Only if there are habitats that might be sensitive to dust.


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Significance of Effects

11.6.5 The criteria for assessment of the significance of effects for each of the four construction activities, before applying mitigation measures, is summarised in Table 11.3 below.

Table 11.3 Significance of Effects for Each Activity (Before Mitigation)

Sensitivity of surrounding area

Risk of Site Giving Rise to Dust Effects

High Medium Low

Very High Substantial adverse Moderate adverse Moderate adverse

High Moderate adverse Moderate adverse Slight adverse

Medium Moderate adverse Slight adverse Negligible

Low Slight adverse Negligible Negligible


11.6.6 Appropriate mitigation measures will be formulated to minimise any adverse effects during construction, potentially including:

• Recycling materials to reduce the extent of off-site disposal and the use of fresh

materials, thus reducing the need to load, unload and transport potentially dust generating materials;

• Minimising dust generation from the loading of lorries by wetting of very fine or dry materials and minimising drop heights;

• Using wheel washers; • Covering lorries carrying potentially dust generating materials; • Wetting or profiling materials stored on site to minimise dust generation by the

wind; • Locating storage areas away from potentially sensitive receptors where

practicable; • Siting stationary equipment with the potential for dust generation (such as

sieving equipment) distant from sensitive receptors. Where dust generating operations are close to sensitive receptors, providing enclosures if appropriate;

• Sweeping access roads and crossing points of highways along the route periodically to remove dust from hard surfaces;

• Watering unsurfaced working areas when necessary (such as during prolonged periods of dry weather) to maintain moisture content and reduce dust generation;

• Monitoring road crossings for mud deposition on the public roads and employing road brushes and road sweepers where necessary to control mud on public roads at construction crossing points; and

• Restricting site vehicle speeds and requiring all vehicles to adhere to site speed limits which will be designed to minimise on site dust generation.


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11.6.7 The assessment will seek to identify suitable mitigation to reduce, remove or compensate for significant adverse effects identified. Where appropriate, opportunities to enhance beneficial effects will also be identified. The residual impact expected following mitigation will be identified.


11.7.1 The effects on air quality as a result of emissions from the construction phase of the proposed development could lead to effects on health, protected species and habitats, and on the wider countryside. The potential inter-relationship of effects will be considered during the assessment.


11.8.1 The air quality and emissions assessment will include potential cumulative effects as a result of the proposed development in combination with other major developments. Planning Inspectorate Advice Note 9 sets out that other major developments will need to be considered in assessing cumulative effects and includes those under construction; permitted but not yet implemented; submitted but not yet determined; projects on the planning inspectorates programme of projects; and those identified in development plans and other plans which are reasonably likely to come forward. The scope of projects to be considered in the cumulative assessment will be agreed with the relevant planning authorities.

11.9 Reporting

11.9.1 The air quality chapter and the corresponding technical appendix will include the methodology followed to assess the potential air quality impacts, assessment outcomes, any recommended mitigation measures, and residual effects.

References

• Department of Energy & Climate Change (2011). Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1), Department of Energy & Climate Change

• Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2003. Part IV of the Environment Act 1995: Local Air Quality Management: Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(03), London: Crown.

• Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2007. The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (Volume 1), London: The Stationary Office.

• Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2007. The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (Volume 2), London: The Stationary Office.

• Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2009. Part IV of the Environment Act 1995: Local Air Quality Management: Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09), London: Crown.


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• Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2012. UK-AIR Air Information Resource. [online] Available at: http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk.

• Environmental Protection UK, 2010. Development Control: Planning For Air Quality (2010 Update), Brighton: Environmental Protection UK.

• Institute of Air Quality Management, 2012. Guidance of the Assessment of the Impacts of Construction on Air Quality and the Determination of their Significance. Available at: http://www.iaqm.co.uk/text/guidance/construction_guidance_2012.pdf

• London Councils and the Greater London Authority, 2006. The Control of Dust and Emissions from Construction and Demolition – Best Practice Guidance, London: Greater London Authority.


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12 NOISE AND VIBRATION

12.1 Introduction

12.1.1 This chapter sets out the proposed approach to assessing the likely significant noise and vibration effects associated with the construction, operation and decommissioning of the proposed development.

12.2 Data sources and Policy Context

12.2.1 Relevant policies and guidance such as those contained within the National Policy Statements EN-1 and EN-5 and the National Planning Policy Framework (NNPF) will be reviewed. Technical aspects of methods will continue to be guided by industry principles within the former planning framework (such as PPG 24: Planning and Noise), in the absence of topic-specific guidance.

12.3 Existing environment

12.3.1 The proposed development is located within a mixture of rural, urban and industrial areas, which will have a correspondingly varied noise environment. While much of the development is in a rural environment, existing noise levels at sensitive receptors could be influenced by nearby existing noise sources such as the M48 and M5 motorways and existing industrial facilities.


Construction noise effects

12.4.1 During the construction of the development there is potential for temporary noise and vibration to be generated. Activities with the potential to generate temporary noise and vibration effects include:

• Deliveries of materials, construction plant and machinery (close to site and on haulage routes);

• Site preparation and construction of compound(s) and access roads; • Trenching; • Welding and grinding; • Cable laying; • Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD); • Backfilling; • Preparing foundations of substation and cable sealing end compounds • Foundations for pylons (either by excavation or piling); • Removal of existing overhead lines; • Installation of substation equipment, cable sealing end compound equipment,

underground cables, pylons and foundations; and • Restoration works.

Construction vibration effects

12.4.2 Vibration sensitive receptors will only experience effects if the vibrations produced by the proposed development are in close proximity to them. A survey of the distances between vibration sensitive receptors and sources of vibration (including piling and HDD) will be undertaken in order to identify where effects may occur and require more detailed assessment. The main aspect of the proposed development that is likely to cause vibration effects on receptors is the movement of construction


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vehicles on roads. The location of the access roads is currently being developed by National Grid. If the access roads and haul roads are near to sensitive receptors, a qualitative assessment of vibration effects will be undertaken. Vibration effects are only likely to occur if the existing road surfacing is damaged.

Operational noise effects - substations

12.4.3 There are three basic sources of audible noise from substations. Each of these has its own characteristic frequency spectrum and pattern of occurrence due to the nature of the noise-generating mechanisms involved:

• Transformer and shunt reactor noise is practically constant, with a low frequency hum occurring at exact harmonics of the supply frequency; 100Hz and 200Hz components are usually dominant. Transformers generally run continuously except for occasional maintenance and fault outages. The shunt reactors proposed for this project will also be in service for the majority of the time. Transformer and shunt reactor coolers generate broadband noise, however these generally operate infrequently, depending on temperature and loading.

• Switchgear noise is generated, in the main, by the operation of circuit breakers whose noise is “impulsive” in character (i.e. of short duration). Switchgear operations will be very infrequent. Modern switchgear of the SF6 type operates with a dull ‘thud’.

• Substation auxiliary plant comprises standby diesel generators and air compressors. When present, these may contribute to the broadband noise climate. They do not run continuously, and in any case, are housed in a building or outdoor acoustic enclosure. Noise from such assets, if installed at the substation, is seldom discernible beyond the substation perimeter fence.

12.4.4 Sandford substation is a new development, and will contain transformers, shunt reactors, switchgear and auxiliary plant. The predominant noise source in this case will be the transformers and shunt reactors and their associated coolers.

12.4.5 Aust substation will comprise switchgear and auxiliary plant only. Switchgear operations will be very infrequent, with months or even years between operations. The diesel generator would normally only operate for monthly maintenance and/or short duration test runs during normal working hours. On this basis, the substation will be practically quiet during normal operation and it is therefore proposed that operational noise at Aust is scoped out of the assessment.

12.4.6 The proposed development at Seabank substation includes the addition of switchgear and auxiliary plant, and the removal of an existing transformer. On this basis the proposed development will have a noise benefit and it is proposed that operational noise at Seabank is scoped out of further assessment.

Operational noise effects – overhead line

12.4.7 The overhead line is proposed to be of a twin bundle “Redwood” conductor system, which will be in continuous operation except for maintenance and fault outages. 400kV transmission lines of twin conductor bundle construction can produce audible noise under certain conditions. Conductor system noise occurs when the conductor surface electric stress exceeds the inception level for corona discharge activity, a level of around 20kV/cm. The electrical stress on twin redwood conductor, as proposed for this project, is typically well below 14 kV/cm (on L12 towers) and is the quietest twin conductor system that National Grid currently


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operate. Transmission line conductors are designed to operate below this threshold, and so usually operate quietly in dry weather conditions. However, small areas of surface contamination on conductors spoiling the otherwise smooth conductor surface will cause a local enhancement of electric stress which may be sufficiently high to initiate localised discharge activity. At each discharge site a limited electrical breakdown of the air occurs. A portion of the energy associated with the corona process is released as acoustic energy which radiates into the air as sound pressure waves.

12.4.8 Highest noise levels generated by a line generally occur during rain. Water droplets may accumulate on the surface of the conductor and initiate multiple corona discharges. The number of droplets, and hence the noise level, will depend primarily on the rate of rainfall. Fog may also give rise to increased noise levels, although these levels are less than those during rain. Noise generated under these circumstances is referred to as ‘wet noise’.

12.4.9 Similarly, after a prolonged spell of dry weather without heavy rain to wash the conductors, contamination may accumulate sufficiently to result in increased noise. Under these circumstances the noise is referred to as ‘dry noise’. During the next occurrence of heavy rain, these discharge sources are washed away and the line will resume its normal quieter operation.

12.4.10 Transmission line audible noise is generally categorised as ‘crackle’ or ‘hum’, according to its tonal content. Crackle may occur alone, but hum will usually occur only in conjunction with crackle.

12.4.11 Crackle is a sound containing a random mixture of frequencies over a wide range, typically 1kHz to 10kHz where individual pure tones are not audible. Crackle has a generally similar spectral content to the sound of rainfall.

12.4.12 Hum is a sound consisting of a single pure tone or tones. For overhead lines in wet weather, generally 100Hz is most significant, but other higher order harmonics i.e. 200Hz, 300Hz etc. may also occur to a lesser extent. Hum typically occurs during rain when rates of rainfall exceed 1mm/hour.

Operational noise effects – underground cable and c able sealing end compounds

12.4.13 High voltage underground cables have no noise effects and are scoped out of this assessment.

12.4.14 Cable sealing end compounds have no noise effects and are scoped out of this assessment.

Operational noise effects – maintenance

12.4.15 The overhead line, underground cables, cable sealing end compounds and substations will require routine inspections and occasional maintenance works, which are very unlikely to result in noise disturbance. Any noise disturbances caused by maintenance works will be slight and temporary. Noise associated with maintenance is scoped out of this assessment.

Operational vibration effects

12.4.16 There will be no vibration effects during the operation and maintenance of the development and therefore this is scoped out of the assessment.


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Decommissioning

12.4.17 Decommissioning of the proposed development will be undertaken once its useful life is complete. It is assumed that the noise and vibration impacts for the decommissioning process would be much the same as the construction phase, assuming the decommissioning of the entire connection route, sealing end compounds and substation.


Consultation

12.5.1 As part of preparing the scoping report and preparing the scope of the noise and vibration assessments for the EIA, National Grid provided relevant statutory consultees with a copy of the draft method for review and comment. The representations received were taken into account when finalising the scope of the assessments. Organisations that were consulted include:

• West Somerset Council; • Sedgemoor District Council; • Somerset County Council; • North Somerset Council; • Bristol City Council; and • South Gloucestershire Council.


Table 12.1 Consultee Representations Representation How Addressed in the EIA

In the document it is proposed that a noise assessment from Aust substation is scoped out as it is only affected by auxiliary plant and switchgear noise. In spite of this we suggest it is still diligent to request that noise data for this facility is provided to us so that we can assess the environmental noise which will be created by the substation.

ES Scoping Report expanded to clarify why operational noise at Aust substation is proposed to be scoped out.

For the construction phase details of a construction management plan would be expected to be provided including type of construction, mitigation, noise levels and times of working.

Construction noise levels, hours of working and examples of measures that will be used to mitigate construction noise will be provided in the ES chapter. A Code of Construction practice will be provided as part of the DCO application and it is anticipated that a requirement will be included in the DCO for a detailed Construction Management Plan to be produced.

Noise disturbance is a potential consideration in terms of the amenity of the Severn Way and also in terms of potential disturbance to biodiversity given the proximity of the estuary – particularly during the construction phase. There is also the issue of hours of working and potential disturbance to the small Traveller community alongside the access road at Aust.

The effect of general disturbance (including noise) on birds using the estuary will be covered in Ecological Chapter of the ES. The traveller community will be included as a receptor within the ES.


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Representation How Addressed in the EIA In order to show that only closest receptors could be affected, suggest that some cut-off distance might be proposed for the study area, beyond which the risk of vibration disturbance is scoped out. There is a potential risk with construction noise and vibration assessment that what is presented as mitigation in response to assessed significant effects, should in fact have been included in the construction by default as Best Practicable Means (BPM).

Vibration assessment in the ES chapter will include a minimum cut off distance and BPM means will be presented as embedded mitigation.

A suitable method for calculating Annual Average Daily Traffic and Annual Average Weekly Traffic should be agreed prior to any assessments.

The transport consultant will discuss suitable methods for calculating Annual Average Daily Traffic and Annual Average Weekly Traffic with the relevant local planning authorities.

The hours of working should be taken into consideration, particularly in areas where HGVs or AILs would be required to route past houses or other noise sensitive areas.

Proposed hours of working will be taken in to consideration in the ES chapter.

The section on Sandford substation should be extended to cover noise from all plant and equipment (for example emergency or stand by generators) and whilst I recognise the rationale for using BS 4142, North Somerset believe that the suggested noise limit that will have ‘potentially significant adverse effects’ (section 5.28) is too high. This is not the criteria I would want to see applied – we expect to preserve amenity i.e. make sure that existing background levels are not compromised - rather than accept levels just below those that would cause significant adverse effects.

Discussions will be held with local authorities to agree appropriate noise assessment methodologies and criteria prior to submission of the ES.

Identification of receptors

12.5.3 A desk-based review will be undertaken to identify potential noise and vibration sensitive receptors, which could include residential properties, businesses and recreational users of the area.

12.5.4 The desk-based study will identify those receptors that are nearest to the proposed development. Receptors beyond 1km of the development are unlikely to experience noise effects from the construction of the development. Sound attenuation through distance would be such that noise levels would be negligible at distances of more than 1 km.

Construction assessment

12.5.5 A desk-based assessment of construction noise will be undertaken in accordance with BS 5228:2009: Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and Open Sites, using tabulated noise output data for typical items of construction plant and machinery.

12.5.6 Predictions will be assessed against standard lower cut-off levels for threshold values for construction noise of 65dB(A), 55 dB(A) and 45 dB(A) for daytime, evening and night-time respectively (as per the 'Example Method 5 dB(A) change' assessment method within BS 5228: 2009, Appendix E.3.3). Noise monitoring will be undertaken at those locations where construction noise is close to or predicted


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to exceed the cut-off levels to assess whether the noise environment would result in higher threshold values, for instance, adjacent to a motorway.

Operational assessment – substation

12.5.7 Substation operational noise at Sandford will be assessed against BS 4142 and World Health Organisation (WHO) Guidelines. A background noise survey will be undertaken at a representative sample of the nearest residential receptors to allow for the comparison of predicted plant noise levels against background noise levels in accordance with BS 4142. The substation operational noise assessment could be technically out of scope of BS 4142 if there are low background noise levels in the area. However, it is recognised that the application of the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines could also be inappropriate because this would allow levels at residential facades to be substantially increased from the existing low level.

12.5.8 The BS 4142 method will be applied to identify potentially significant adverse effects and will be used to specify appropriate noise mitigation for the substation equipment to ensure sensitive receptors will not be adversely affected by noise emitted from the transformers, shunt reactors and associated cooling equipment within the proposed Sandford substation. Discussions will be held with Local Authorities to agree appropriate noise assessment criteria prior to submission of the ES.

Operational assessment – overhead line

12.5.9 Although the overhead line will be in operation continuously, the operational noise assessment will focus on night-time noise levels when background noise levels are likely to be at their lowest.

12.5.10 While standard methods of assessment and interpretation using the principles of the relevant British Standards are satisfactory for dry weather conditions, they are not appropriate for assessing noise during rain, which is when overhead line noise mostly occurs, and when the background noise itself will vary according to the intensity of the rain.

12.5.11 An alternative noise assessment method to deal with rain-induced noise has been developed by National Grid as described in National Grid report TR (T)94,199319. This follows recommendations broadly outlined in ISO 1996 (BS 7445:1991)20 and in that respect is consistent with BS 4142:1997. This report is referenced in NPS EN5 as an appropriate alternative method. Whilst this method has been developed to assess noise impacts from twin conductor systems on traditional lattice tower systems such as the L12, it is also considered that once further development of the alternative T-pylon has been undertaken, there will be sufficient electrical modelling data to allow an assessment of the twin conductor bundle system on the T-pylon in line with this method or another appropriate method.


12.6.1 The significance of likely effects arising from the proposed development on noise and vibration will be determined by identifying the magnitude of the effect and the sensitivity of the receptor. Detailed criteria to identify the sensitivity, magnitude and significance will be submitted as part of the ES.


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12.6.2 Mitigation will focus on front end engineering in the design and post-consenting stages to avoid or minimise effects with consideration of best available techniques.

12.6.3 Mitigation during the construction phase is likely to include working time restrictions and the provision of an appropriate Construction Management Plan.

12.6.4 Mitigation of operational substation noise will be achieved by considering general and site specific mitigation measures. These may include acoustic enclosures and sound barrier walls as part of the design where necessary.

12.6.5 The residual impact expected following mitigation will be identified and detailed within the ES.


12.7.1 The potential inter-relationship of effects such as noise on protected species and habitats will be considered during the assessment.

12.8 Cumulative Impacts

12.8.1 The assessment will include potential cumulative effects for the construction phase as a result of the proposed development in combination with other major developments. Planning Inspectorate Advice Note 9 sets out that other major developments will need to be considered in assessing cumulative effects and includes those under construction; permitted but not yet implemented; submitted but not yet determined; projects on the planning inspectorates programme of projects; and those identified in development plans and other plans which are reasonably likely to come forward. The scope of projects to be considered in the cumulative assessment will be agreed with the relevant planning authorities.

12.9 Reporting

12.9.1 The noise and vibration assessment will be reported in a chapter of the Environmental Statement. The chapter will be supported by Figures as appropriate.


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13 SOCIO-ECONOMICS AND LAND USE

13.1 Introduction

13.1.1 This chapter sets out the proposed approach to assessing the likely significant effects of the proposed development on socio-economic features and on existing and future land uses during the construction, operational (including maintenance) and decommissioning phases of the project.


13.2.1 As a Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project, the EIA for the proposed development will be submitted in accordance with The Planning Act 2008 and the regulations that apply for an EIA development - The Infrastructure Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2009 (as amended). The Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1) and the National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5) are the relevant policy documents which set out policies or circumstances that should be taken into account in decisions on Electricity Network projects. Section 5.12 of National Policy Statement EN-1 sets out the approach for energy infrastructure relating to socio-economics and section 5.12.7 states that ‘little weight is to be given to assertions of socio-economic impacts not supported by evidence’. This assessment will be undertaken using established good practice environmental impact assessment methods36 supported by quantitative information wherever possible.

13.2.2 Baseline data collection was undertaken to identify socio-economic and land use features during earlier stages of the project. Potential effects on these features were assessed and the findings contributed to the identification of the preferred route.

13.2.3 The data sources used to describe the socio-economic baseline included: official labour market statistics; Visit England and Visit Somerset statistics; a Postcode address data file on tourist related business (2012); publicly available mapping, local, regional and national economic and social indices databases, policy documents and strategies, national, regional and local development plan documents and other publicly available information. Field surveys were also undertaken to validate the desk based data gathered and identify local businesses within, and close to, the route corridor.


13.3.1 The project has been divided into Sections to allow for a more manageable assessment and presentation of baseline information. These sections refer to portions of the proposed route or the specific area around certain aspects of the project. A description of the existing land uses and specific socio-economic features is provided below for each Section.

13.3.2 The Regional Economic Strategy for the South West of England 2003-2012 states that agriculture accounted for 80% of the land use in the region but contributed

36 Such as, A Handbook on Environmental Impact Assessment, Scottish Natural Heritage, 2009


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2.5% of regional GDP and 1.7% of employment, with over one-fifth of the population being of retirement age. The economy of the South West was dominated by the service sector which accounted for 78% of employment in the region in 2008 (South West Regional Accounts, South West Observatory). In 2009, 21% of the nights stayed by visitors across the UK were within the South West region (UK Tourism Survey 2009). The 2007 South West Regional Assembly Information Note 9 (Economy) strategy identifies tourism as a key sector and highlights challenges in terms of its seasonal nature.

Socio-economic Characteristics

13.3.3 The practicality of defining the spatial parameters for socio-economic impacts is complex. In addition, there are a range of spatial levels over which socio-economic information is available, for instance, Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA), ward profiles and local authority administrative boundaries. A two tier study area will be defined for the assessment:

• Local Area of Influence – this will address the overall footprint of the

development plus a 250m buffer around the footprint. This will be the focus of the assessment of direct impacts. The 250m buffer is considered to be the extent within which other impacts affecting socio-economic receptors (e.g. noise, air quality and transport) would occur. However, should the assessment of these topics suggest significant impacts over a greater/lesser extent this will be accounted for.

• Wider Study Area – this will include the Local Area of Influence and also the wider area in which socio-economic effects could occur. This will be defined based on the scale at which suitable data are available and is likely to range from the parish level to country level (there may be potential for effects beyond these boundaries through supply chain and capital expenditure matters).

13.3.4 The assessment will be undertaken for the direct and indirect effects occurring over these differing spatial areas. The effects on land use are likely to be direct effects from the proposed sites for the infrastructure and construction areas of the project.

Table 13.1 Administrative Areas within Local Area of Influence (see Figure 34)

Administrative Areas crossed by preferred alignment and local area of influence (250m buffer)


Somerset County, Sedgemoor District Wards: Kings Isle Ward, Puriton and Woolavington Ward Super Output Areas: Sedgemoor 010A, Sedgemoor 012B, Sedgemoor 006C, Sedgemoor 006D


Somerset County, Sedgemoor District Wards: Puriton and Woolavington Ward, Knoll Ward, Wedmore and Mark Ward, Axevale Ward, Banwell and Winscombe Ward Super Output Areas: Sedgemoor 006B, Sedgemoor 006C, Sedgemoor 006D, Sedgemoor 003D, Sedgemoor 002C, Sedgemoor 003A, North Somerset 023A


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Administrative Areas crossed by preferred alignment and local area of influence (250m buffer)


North Somerset Unitary Authority Wards: Axevale Ward, Banwell and Winscombe Ward Super Output Areas: Sedgemoor 003A, North Somerset 023A, North Somerset 024A, North Somerset 019A, North Somerset 024C, North Somerset 024B

Section D – Somerset Levels and Moors North (including substation to the north of Sandford and 132kV AT line connection)

North Somerset Unitary Authority Wards: Gordano Ward, Nailsea North and West Ward, Yatton Ward, Kewstoke Ward, Congresbury Ward, Banwell and Winscombe Ward, Blagdon and Churchill Ward Super Output Areas: North Somerset 019A, North Somerset 024C, North Somerset 024F, North Somerset 014B, North Somerset 014C, North Somerset 012D, North Somerset 012B, North Somerset 008F, North Somerset 008D, North Somerset 008C, North Somerset 006A


North Somerset Unitary Authority Wards: Wraxall and Long Ashton Ward, Gordano Ward Super Output Areas: North Somerset 006A, North Somerset 006E


North Somerset Unitary Authority Wards: Gordano Ward, Portishead East Ward Super Output Areas: North Somerset 006A, North Somerset 003B, North Somerset 003A


South Gloucestershire Unitary Authority, City of Bristol Wards: Gordano Ward, Easton-in-Gordano Ward, Avonmouth Ward, Almondsbury Ward, Pilning and Severn Beach Ward Super Output Areas: Bristol 003B, South Gloucestershire 005C, South Gloucestershire 005A, Bristol 008E, Bristol 008F, North Somerset 004B, North Somerset 006A

Hinkley Point Line Entry

Somerset County, West Somerset District Wards: Quantock Vale Ward Super Output Areas: West Somerset 004c

Aust

South Gloucestershire Unitary Authority Wards: Severn Ward Super Output Areas: South Gloucestershire 005c

Demographics

13.3.5 The total population of the wards through which the Local Area of Influence passes was 109,862 in 2011. Comparison of ward population change between 2001 and 2011 is not possible for some of the wards in the Local Area of Influence as some


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ward boundaries changed between the 2001 and 2011 Census. Mid-year population estimates are also not available at ward level.

13.3.6 The population of Bristol City grew by 12.5% between the 2001 and 2011 Census, compared with an average growth of 7.9% across England as a whole and 7.3% across the South West Region. The population of West Somerset declined by 1.2% over the same period.

13.3.7 In general, the proportion of residents aged 16-64 in the Local Area of Influence was similar to National, regional and district averages in 2011. The proportion of residents aged 75 and over was more varied between wards. The proportion of residents of Easton-in-Gordano Ward aged 75 and over in 2011 was 13.5% and in Nailsea North and West was 12.4%, compared with an average of 7.8% for England and 9.5% for the South West Region. The proportion of male and female residents in 2011 was very similar to National, regional and district averages.

Indices of Multiple Deprivation

13.3.8 The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) measures multiple deprivation of small areas using indicators relating to income deprivation, employment, health and disability, education, skills and training, barriers to housing and services, crime; and living environment. IMD scores are commonly ranked, with areas with lower ranks being more deprived.

13.3.9 Residents of the Local Area of Influence SOAs in Bristol (Bristol 003B, Bristol 008F and Bristol 008E) were consistently more deprived than the average for England between 2004 and 2010, and more deprived than those of surrounding SOAs. Residents of the North Somerset SOAs within the Local Area of Influence were generally less deprived than the other SOAs (eight out the ten least deprived SOAs in the Local Area of Influence are in North Somerset). The relative deprivation of almost all of the SOAs within the study area has increased since 2004.

Economic Activity

13.3.10 The proportion of residents who were economically active in 2011 was above the average for England (70%) for all wards within the Local Area of Influence except Puriton and Woolavington (66%), Congresbury (63%) and Quantock Vale (63%) wards. The proportion of residents who were economically active in 2011 in Portishead East was notably higher than regional and National averages at 79%.

13.3.11 The National Statistics Socio-economic Classification indicator measures employment relations and conditions of occupations of residents aged 16 to 74. Easton-in-Gordano and Wraxall and Long Ashton wards had a notably higher proportion of residents employed in higher managerial, administrative and professional occupations in 2011 compared to regional, National and other ward averages (22% for Wraxall and Long Ashton, 21% for Easton-in-Gordano and 10% for South West and England).

13.3.12 Compared to the UK, the South West has a higher proportion of employment in primary sectors (South West Economic State of the Region Report 2002).

13.3.13 The number of residents claiming Job Seekers Allowance (JSA) credits is a commonly-used proxy indicator for unemployment levels. All local authorities through which the Local Area of Influence passes experienced a significant increase in JSA claimant rates in late 2008 and early 2009 as a result of the global


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economic climate but have remained below claimant rates for Great Britain. JSA claimant rates are consistently lowest in South Gloucestershire District.

Employment Sectors

13.3.14 The proportion of residents in the Local Area of Influence who were employed in each economic sector between October 2011 and September 2012 was similar to National and regional averages. In Sedgemoor District, the proportion of residents employed in distribution, hotels and restaurants was notably higher than regional and National averages (27.0% compared with 19.4% and 18.5% respectively). The proportion of residents employed in banking, finance and insurance is notably higher in North Somerset and Bristol and lower in West Somerset District compared to South West and National averages, reflecting the presence or absence of strong commercial centres within each Local Authority area.

13.3.15 Nomis labour market profiles, produced on behalf of the Office for National Statistics, show that in 2008, the proportion of employment in West Somerset district which related to tourism was markedly higher than the average for South West England and for Great Britain (25% in comparison with 9% and 8% respectively). This reflects the presence of key tourist attractions within West Somerset, including the Exmoor National Park and Quantock Hills AONB. The proportion of employment related to tourism in 2008 was below the South West and Great Britain average in Bristol and South Gloucestershire. Tourism accounted for less than 10% of jobs for all authorities except in West Somerset.

13.3.16 The proportion of employment in services, particularly finance and IT in 2008 was notably higher in Bristol City compared to the other local authorities in the Local Area of Influence and the South West and National averages. 90% of Bristol’s employee jobs were within the service sector compared with an average of 83% across in the South West of England. This reflects Bristol City’s role as a financial services centre with many international and national companies locating head office functions in the city. West Somerset District had the lowest proportion of employment in finance, IT, and other business activities, which may reflect its more rural nature.

13.3.17 The proportion of residents of wards within the Local Area of Influence employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing in 2011 was generally higher than the average for England, most notably in Quantock Ward (9.4%) and Wedmore Ward (5.9%) in comparison with 0.8% for England. The proportion of residents employed in wholesale retail and trade was highest in Avonmouth (22%), Pilning and Severn Beach (20%), Puriton and Woolavington (20%) and King’s Isle (19%) wards in comparison with 16% for England as a whole.

Socio-Economic Group

13.3.18 The proportion of residents of West Somerset District employed in elementary, skilled trades and caring, leisure and other service occupations was also notably higher than the other districts in the Local Area of Influence and the average for England in 2011. With the exception of Bristol, the proportion of residents employed in professional occupations in 2011 was markedly lower than the average for England, particularly in West Somerset District (11.7% compared with 17.5% for England).

13.3.19 The proportion of residents in the Local Area of Influence who were of the highest social grade, as defined by the 2011 census, was above the National and regional


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averages for all wards except Puriton and Woolavington, Avonmouth, Pilning and Severn Beach and Quantock Vale. In 2011, the proportion of residents who have never worked or were long-term unemployed in the study area was highest in Avonmouth Ward at 5.1%, though still below the National average of 5.6%.

Education and Skills

13.3.20 The proportion of residents of the study area who were economically inactive students in 2011 was lower than the national and regional averages for all wards except Congresbury and Blagdon and Churchill. The proportion of economically active students was below the regional average for all wards except Severn Ward (1.9% compared with 1.6% for South West England). The proportion of residents who were economically inactive students in Congresbury Ward (4.3%) and nearby Blagdon and Churchill Ward (3.7%) is notably higher than National and regional averages (3.1% and 2.5% respectively), perhaps explained by the location of the Bristol University Veterinary School in Blagdon and Churchill Ward.

Qualifications

13.3.21 The proportion of residents with no qualifications was below the average for England (23%) for all wards except King’s Isle, Puriton and Woolavington, Avonmouth and Quantock Vale (24%, 26%, 30% and 24% respectively). The proportion of residents with Level 4/5 qualifications37 in 2011 was equal to or above the average for the South West Region (27%) for most wards, most notably Easton-in-Gordano ward and Wraxall and Long Ashton ward (both 45%).


13.3.22 Section A is predominantly rural with Bridgwater, Puriton and Woolavington providing the closest concentrations of economic activity, recreation and tourism resources, and local amenities and services for the rural surroundings. Some socio-economic features, such as tourism accommodation, are also located outside villages and towns.

13.3.23 The most prominent economic feature is the Puriton Energy Park which is located directly adjacent to Section A (within Section B) along the northern Section boundary. This is a former Royal Ordnance Factory site which has been strategically allocated for energy-related business activities within the Sedgemoor Core Strategy (2011).

13.3.24 Section A is entirely located within Grade 3 and Grade 1 agricultural land. The Best and Most Versatile (BMV) agricultural land is defined as Grades 1, 2 and 3a so it is possible that some BMV agricultural land is located within Section A.

13.3.25 A number of local Public Rights of Way (PROW) traverse Section A and the Sustrans National Cycle Route 3 is located to the east of the proposed route, outside the Local Area of Influence of Section A.

37 Level 4/5 qualifications are the highest level achievable and relate to First degree, Higher degree, NVQ levels 4 and 5, HNC, HND, Qualified Teacher status, Qualified Medical Doctor, Qualified Dentist, Qualified Nurse, Midwife, Health Visitor


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13.3.26 Section B is rural and contains the Somerset Levels and Moors, an area popular with tourists and recreational users. The coastal settlements of Highbridge and Burnham-on-sea are to the west of the proposed route. Directly to the north of Section B is the Mendip Hills AONB; a nationally designated landscape area and tourism and recreation resource.

13.3.27 The most prominent economic features in Section B are the Puriton Energy Park and the Stables and Brew Business Parks which are characteristic of the small business parks located in many of the rural parts of the whole route. The eastern edge of the Puriton Energy Park lies within the Local Area of Influence of Section B.

13.3.28 Tourist attractions, tourism-related businesses (including tourist accommodation) and local economic activities are located in Woolavington, Puriton, Bason Bridge, Mark, Rooks Bridge, Biddisham and Wedmore, as well as villages and hamlets throughout Section B. Local tourism and recreational resources are located across Section B. Those of greatest relevance to the project are Middlemoor Water Park, Cripps Farm, Coombes Cider Farm at Mark, Acacia Farm and Camping at Rooks Bridge, Brent Knoll Hill Fort and the Forgotten World Gypsy Museum. Mark First School, an important local community resource, and tourist accommodation within Mark, are located within the Section B Local Area of Influence.

13.3.29 The Local Area of Influence is entirely located within Grade 3 agricultural land which could include BMV agricultural land.

13.3.30 The West Mendip Way and Sustrans National Cycle Route 33 cross the route and therefore pass through the route’s Local Area of Influence within Section B, and local PROWs traverse the whole Section. The M5 Motorway runs to the west of the proposed route, and directly alongside the proposed location for a Cable Sealing End compound.


13.3.31 Section C is located within the nationally important Mendip Hills AONB landscape designation which is a tourist and recreation resource. Cheddar Gorge, a regionally important tourist attraction, is to the east of the route and the Somerset Levels and Moors is adjacent to Section C to the north and south.

13.3.32 Tourist attractions, tourism-related businesses (including tourist accommodation) and local economic activities are located in Axbridge, Winscombe and Banwell, as well as villages and hamlets throughout Section C. The most noteworthy of these, because of their local importance and/or proximity to the route, include Thatcher’s Cider Factory, Banwell Camp Hill Fort, Banwell Castle, Dolebury Warren, the Forgotten World Gypsy Museum and Crook Peak.

13.3.33 Section C is principally located in Grade 3 agricultural land but passes through areas of Grade 1 and Grade 4 agricultural land so some BMV agricultural land is located within the Local Area of Influence of Section C.

13.3.34 The West Mendip Way and Butcombe Trail walking routes and National Route 26 (The Strawberry Line) pass within the Local Area of Influence of Section C and local PROWs traverse the whole Section. The M5 Motorway runs to the west of the proposed route, and directly alongside the proposed route, within the Local Area of Influence of Section C, through the Loxton gap in proximity to Webbington.


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13.3.35 Section D is located within the regionally important Somerset Levels and Moors area which provides a tourist attraction and valuable local recreational resource. The towns of Weston-super-Mare, Banwell, Tickenham and Clevedon are located to the west and Congresbury, Yatton, Backwell, and Nailsea to the east of the route, and villages and hamlets are located throughout the Section. The Mendip Hills AONB is located directly to the South of this Section.

13.3.36 Tourism, business (including tourist accommodation) and recreational resources are located across Section D. Those currently considered of greatest relevance to the project in Section D are Thatcher’s Cider Factory, Banwell Camp Fort, Banwell Caves, Puxton Moor Nature Reserve, Cadbury Hill, Acorn Carp Fishery at Kingston Seymour, recreational activities on the western boundary of Nailsea and Moorend Spout Local Wildlife Site. Some of these resources are located outside Section D’s boundaries but may still experience impacts from the proposals for Section D.

13.3.37 The Strawberry Line walking route is within 1km of the proposed route through much of Section D and crosses the route near Kenn. The Avon Cycleway/ Regional Route 10 and local PROWs, including the Nailsea Round walk, traverse Section D. The M5 Motorway lies to the west of the proposed route, and crosses the edge of the Local Area of Influence at Kingston Seymour. The Local Area of Influence within Section D is also crossed by the Strawberry Line and Avon Cycleway/ Regional Route 10.

13.3.38 The proposed route passes principally through Grade 3 agricultural land but also through areas of Grade 1 and 2 agricultural land. The Local Area of Influence for Section D therefore includes some BMV.


13.3.39 Section E traverses Tickenham Ridge along which the M5 motorway also passes, with occasional hamlets and linear development along the B3128 (Clevedon Road). Portishead lies to the north, Nailsea to the south and Bristol to the east of Section E. Section E includes Noah’s Ark Zoo Farm which is a regionally important tourist attraction.

13.3.40 Tourism, business and recreational resources (including tourism accommodation) are located across Section E. Those currently considered of greatest relevance to the project in Section E are Oakham Treasures, Priors Wood, the DMX Motorcross Track off Caswell Hill, Gordano RFC Pitches, Moorend Spout Local Wildlife Site and Tickenham Golf Course. Some of these resources are located outside Section E’s boundaries but may still experience impacts from the proposals for Section E.

13.3.41 Sustrans National Cycle Network Route 334 passes to the east of the proposed route and many local PROWs traverse the whole of Section E. The Local Area of Influence for the proposed route in Section E is crossed by the Avon Cycleway/Regional Route 10 and Gordano Round Long Distance Walking Path, the M5 Motorway, and the DMX Motorcross Track off Caswell Hill.

13.3.42 The Local Area of Influence for Section E passes principally through Grade 3 agricultural land but also through areas of Grade 1 and 2 agricultural land, and therefore includes some BMV.


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13.3.43 Section F contains the existing 132kV Portishead Substation, with the M5 Motorway to the south, Portishead to the west and The Royal Portbury Docks, Avonmouth and Bristol to the north east. Portishead and Avonmouth include concentrations of business activities, and Bristol, in particular, contains many tourist attractions. Tourist, recreation and business resources (including tourist accommodation) are also located in the more rural areas between these settlements.

13.3.44 The regionally important Tyntesfield Estate, Noah’s Ark Zoo, Blaise Castle House Museum and Estate are all within 5km of the project but not within the Local Area of Influence for Section F. Section F contains Portbury Common and Portishead Ashlands Nature Reserve, both of which are popular informal recreational resources.

13.3.45 Sustrans National Cycle Network Routes 26, 334 and 410 and the Avon Cycleway/Regional Route 10 and many local PROWs are located within Section F. The M5 Motorway, National Routes 334, 26, 410 and the Avon Cycleway/Regional Route 10 pass through the Local Area of Influence of the proposed route in Section F.

13.3.46 Section F principally contains Grade 3 but the Local Area of Influence within this Section passes through areas of Grade 1 and 2 agricultural land which are classified as BMV agricultural land.


13.3.47 Section G principally comprises Avonmouth Village and industrial/distribution areas of Royal Portbury Dock, Avonmouth Dock and Severnside Employment Allocation. The City of Bristol is to the east of the route and contains concentrations of business activities as well as many tourist attractions. Section G includes Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 agricultural land. The Local Area of Influence of the proposed route within Section G passes through Grade 3 agricultural land which may be BMV land, Avonmouth Village, Avonmouth Dock and a portion of the Severnside Employment Allocation.

13.3.48 Section G, and in particular the dock and employment allocations, is of regional importance in terms of its economic contribution and employment provision. Local planning documents seek to safeguard these land uses; for example through Policy CS24 of the North Somerset Core Strategy (2012) which seeks to maintain and enhance the role of the Royal Portbury Dock, the Bristol Adopted Core Strategy (June 2011) which identifies Avonmouth as a priority area for industrial and warehousing development and renewal and The South Gloucestershire Local Plan (2006) and Core Strategy (not yet adopted) which both reinforce the strategically importance of Severnside as an employment allocation.

13.3.49 Sustrans National Cycle Network Routes 26, 41 and 410, the Avon Cycleway/ Regional Route 10, the Severn Way and Summits of Somerset and Avon footpaths, the River Avon Trail and many local PROWs pass through Section G. The M5 Motorway and National Cycle Network Routes 26 and 41 pass within the proposed route’s Local Area of Influence within Section G.

13.3.50 The regionally important Blaise Castle House Museum and Estate and the locally important King’s Weston Roman Villa are located within Section G but not within the Local Area of Influence of this Section.


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Hinkley Point Line Entries

13.3.51 The area around Hinkley Point is rural and coastal. Stogursey and Combwich are the largest towns within 5km of Hinkley Point with Bridgwater and Burnham-on-Sea approximately 10km away. The Quantock Hills AONB is over 5km to the west of the study area and beyond this lies Exmoor National Park.

13.3.52 Tourism, business and recreational resources (including tourist accommodation) are sparsely located within the Hinkley Point Line Entries study area. Those of greatest relevance to the study area are Fairfield Stately Home and Coleridge Cottage and Bridgwater College and the Walled Garden in Cannington, neither of which are located within the Local Area of Influence of the Hinkley Point Line Entries. The routes pass through Grade 2, 3 and Grade 4 agricultural land with BMV land located within the Hinkley Point Line Entries’ Local Area of Influence.

13.3.53 The South West Coast long distance walking path passes directly alongside Hinkley Point, the River Parrett Trail passes within 4km, but no national or regional cycle routes pass through the Local Area of Influence of the Hinkley Point Line Entries. Many local PROWs traverse the whole study area and temporary diversion of some PROWs is currently in place as a result of the Hinkley Point C enabling works.

Aust

13.3.54 The study area for the Aust substation is rural and coastal with the M48 running through the study area. The largest proximal settlements are located at Aust, Olveston, Severn Beach, Almondsbury, Avonmouth and Bristol in England and Chepstow and Beachley in Wales, separated by the River Severn. The study area is Grade 3 agricultural land, a portion of which, to the south of the proposed substation location, overlies a large Mineral Resource Area MRA allocation. The Severnside Employment Area allocation lies to the south west of the study area.

13.3.55 The Aust Cliffs Recreation area lies to the west of the study area, along the coast at Aust, nationally and regionally important recreational walking and cycling routes traverse the study area and some outdoor local recreational resources are present, such as a riding school and golf course. The Severn Way passes adjacent to the existing Sealing End Compound and continues through the Local Area of Influence for the proposed Aust Substation, there are also a number of connecting local Public Rights of Way in this area.


13.4.1 Effects on socio-economics and land use from the proposed development will be assessed for the construction, operational and decommissioning phases of the project. Effects may occur as a result of direct interaction with socio-economic and land use features, such as severance or disruption to access along a PRoW during construction. Severance can be temporary cutting off of access or permanent restrictions to access. There also may be effects on economic activity such as the generation of construction employment opportunities affecting a much wider spatial area.

13.4.2 The likely effects associated with the stages of the project on land uses and socio-economic resources and receptors will vary and will fall in the following broad categories:


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Construction Effects • Land take and temporary impacts upon land holdings; • Impact on local plan development either through preventing or delaying

development coming forward in part or in its entirety; • Temporary severance or restricted access to resources and receptors; • Amenity impacts as a result of other environmental impacts, for example, visual,

noise, traffic; and • Economic consequences, for example, employment and spending impacts

through the supply chain, accommodation requirements for contractors.

Operational Effects • Permanent land take and impacts on land holdings; • Impact on local plan development either through preventing or delaying

development coming forward in part or in its entirety; • Permanent severance of access to and from or along resources and receptors

and infrequent temporary severance during necessary maintenance; • Amenity impacts as a result of other environmental impacts, for example visual,

noise, traffic during maintenance; and • Economic consequence, for example, generation of additional employment

opportunities or loss of employment from business/tourism displacement.

Decommissioning Effects

13.4.3 Effects during the decommissioning phase of the project are likely to be similar to those identified during the construction phase of the project.

Definitions of Effects

• Land take: the physical utilisation of land within a property, land holding or allocation.

• Severance: The creation of a barrier to the completion of a usual journey to, through or along a resource or undertaking of an operation.

• Displacement: The re-location of receptors from one location to another location, for example businesses moved from their premises as a direct consequence of the project. Such effects, if any, are only expected to occur as a result of direct impacts from the project within the Local Area of Influence.

• Amenity: The benefits of enjoyment and well-being that receptors gain from a resource in line with its intended function. This is referred to as an amenity value. The amenity value that receptors give to resources is subjective and likely to be viewed qualitatively rather than in quantitative terms and may be affected by factors such as: noise, visual and traffic impacts. It is recognised that outdoor recreational resources could be affected by projects and the following will included within the consideration of amenity impacts on these:

o effects on the quality of the resources enjoyed by people, linked to aesthetic

changes; o restrictions or limitation on the kinds of recreational activities pursued;


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o direct effects on the facilities or infrastructure used to undertaken informal recreation; and

o restriction of access to facilities, barriers, physical restrictions or limitations on the use of the site or facility, or its relocation or loss.

o Economic Consequences: an adverse or beneficial variation in employment and expenditure as a directly and attributable consequence of the scheme.


Consultation

13.5.1 As part of preparing the scoping report and preparing the scope of the socio-economics and land use assessments for the EIA, National Grid met with statutory and non-statutory consultees to discuss the potential scope of the assessments. These included Socio-economic topic specific meetings. National Grid also provided relevant statutory consultees with a copy of the draft method for review and comment. The representations received were taken into account when finalising the scope of the assessments. Organisations that were consulted include:

• National Farmers Union (NFU); • West Somerset Council; • Sedgemoor District Council; • Somerset County Council; • North Somerset Council; • Bristol City Council; and • South Gloucestershire Council.

13.5.2 Table 13.2 outlines the discussions held, the representations received and where the representations have been incorporated into the scope of the assessments.

Table 13.2 Consultation Comments and Responses Representation How Addressed in the EIA

The scoping methodology is broadly agreed with. Specific comments are noted below by paragraph as are any minor disagreement and recommendations for improvements are set out below; listed by relevant paragraphs.

Noted and further responses to comments outlined below.

Magnitude of impact is assessed taking account of the scope for mitigation – this should only be included to the extent that the proposed scheme incorporates the mitigation. It should not assess a scheme based on maximum possible mitigation if that mitigation is not carried out. The methodology should be explicit about whether this will be the case.

Agreed and the intended approach is in line with EIA best practice. Text in chapter clarified to reflect this comment.


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It is noted that Section 5.12 of National Policy Statement (NPS) EN-1 sets out the approach for socio-economics relating to energy infrastructure. For completeness, it is considered that reference should be made to the relevant legislation that NPS EN-1 was derived from - The Planning Act 2008; and the regulations that apply for an EIA development - The Infrastructure Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2009 (as amended April 2012).

Agreed and text added to chapter to reflect comment.

The section references ‘established methods’ but only lists the Scottish Heritage guidance on EIA methodology. For reference, we think the methodological guidance reviewed could include ‘Measuring Tourism Locally’ series of guidance from the Office of National Statistics, in particular ‘Guidance Note Two: Local Supply Side of Tourism’ published by the office for National Statistics in 2010. We would expect that an assessment of economic impacts be carried out in line with standard government guidance including BIS ‘Guidance for Using Additionally Benchmarks in Appraisal’.

Noted, the reference to SNH guidance was highlighted as an example of EIA methodology and approach and not intended to be the only source of methodology guidance. We welcome the note to additional guidance documents within this comment and will review and integrated these into the EIA approach as appropriate. For clarity, the following source documents have been identified:

• Measuring Tourism Locally, Version 2 (ONS 2012):

• Guidance Note 1: Definitions of Tourism

• Guidance Note 2: Local Economic Impact Modelling Approaches

• Guidance Note 3: Undertaking Visitor Surveys

• Guidance Note 4: Tourism Benchmarking and Performance Indicators

• Guidance Note 5: Measuring the Supply Side of Tourism

• Guidance for using Additionality Benchmarks in Appraisal (BIS, Dec 2009)

Administrative Areas within Local Area of Influence - This would benefit from an accompanying plan (or series of plans).

A series of plans were produced based on the current design (now included as Figure 34), but not circulated with the draft. These will be updated throughout the EIA to account for design changes, if necessary.

Socio-economic statistics are presented with little associated commentary on what they mean in context or how those characteristics they may affect how socio-economic impacts are experienced. From the overview of socio economic characteristics, the spatial implications of the analysis are not clear for the relevant local administrative area. Information should be presented in a relevant way.

Noted, this comment will be taken into account in the baseline section of the EIA.


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It is considered that the Council would support the approach outlined, which states that: “Socio-economic features will be mapped and these will also be included within the Environmental Statement.”

Noted and the agreement with a geographic approach is welcome.

In ‘definition of effects’, the definition of displacement needs to be spatially explicit.

Agreed, displacement effects are only expected to occur as a result of direct effects within the 250m Local Area of Influence. Text revised to reflect this.

The proposed methodology for tourism impact assessment mentions ‘field surveys’ which are further defined in as potentially including site visits, condition surveys, user counts, questionnaires and interviews. The extent of the proposed field surveys proposed for each location is not clear, nor do the criteria for deciding which areas require such field surveys. We would propose that key socio-economic receptors (tourist businesses such as holiday parks, tourist attractions) that pass close to the route, or key viewpoints affected by the route be targeted for field surveys.

Noted, It is intended the locations of relevant field surveys would be undertaken in consultation with Local Authority Stakeholders (text revised to reflect this) whilst responding to consultation feedback to date and technical survey requirements, such as seeking to maximise response rates.

It is mentioned that local data sources for tourism will be consulted. It should be noted that the Somerset ‘Value of Tourism’ survey provides only limited quality information for this area – coverage is macro level for Somerset and has data gaps in the local area. Visit England / SW / Somerset may be useful sources of information to add to the list, as well as the Highways Agency database of tourist facilities denoted by brown traffic signs.

Noted, these sources will be included as part of the review of desk-based information. Consultation with Highways Agency Area 2 Managing Agents (Atkins-Skanska) has identified that the Highways Agency do not currently maintain a database of tourism signs (pers comm 07/03/13, Steve White, Network Manager)

There may be some relevance in reviewing the Hinkley Point C Somerset Visitor Research carried out by the South West Research Company (2011) jointly commissioned by EDF Energy and the local authorities (Somerset County Council, West Somerset Council and Sedgemoor District Council).

Noted, this source will be included within the review of desk-based information.

Table 14.2 – should include mention of cumulative effects during construction, operation and decommissioning (based on the eventual agreed list of relevant developments).

The assessment of cumulative effects is highlighted in Paragraph 1.86. The text has been revised to include a reference to project phases.


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Consider at bullet point on Sedgemoor adding specific reference to any relevant sections of the Council’s Economic Strategy, the Bridgwater Vision and Puriton Energy Park SPD which might be useful as base documents along with information from developer’s on proposals such as that at Puriton (The Huntspill Energy Park).

This information will be accounted for. Text revised to reflect an example of this information.

Cumulative impacts are crucial for tourism impacts in particular, and the scoping report is a little vague on methodology for assessment

Cumulative effects following the magnitude and sensitivity assessment approach set out within the document. However, until the cumulative developments are agreed with Local Authorities, as proposed in the scope of works, limited assessment can be undertaken.

Whilst generally 250m is an appropriate buffer for receptors NG should recognise that at various points across the routes there will be receptors that are particularly sensitive from a socio-economic point of view (for example, local tourist attractions, small-scale tourist accommodation) that are likely to be adversely impacted by proximity to the line even if they are outside the buffer area. Such receptors should be identified through desk study and consultation and included in the assessment. Mitigation may be necessary in those circumstances. In all cases, where there are sensitive receptors, care should be taken over collection of evidence base to avoid challenge on points of process.

Agreed, paragraph 13.3.3 Bullet 1 notes - The 250m buffer is considered to be the extent within which other impacts affecting socio-economic receptors (e.g. noise, air quality and transport) would occur. However, should the assessment of these topics suggest significant impacts over a greater/lesser extent this will be accounted for.

General – It should be noted that tourism impacts are expected to be determined by a number of factors, mainly landscape/visual amenity impacts and transport. Road transport is particularly important to the tourism sector in the local area. Given the lack of national rail network infrastructure connectivity to key Somerset tourism destinations, including West Somerset, there is limited scope for visitors concerned about road congestion to shift to alternative transport modes. This should be reflected in the phasing of the assessment work streams.

Noted


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We add the following amendments to the scoping of effects:

There may be reputational damage to tourism industry if construction causes long traffic delays or significant negative amenity

The potential for cumulative impacts should be noted in this section.

The scoping report has identified that the assessment will assess the impacts identified through the traffic and transport topic on socio-economic receptors. The traffic and transport assessment will follow national guidance (DMRB and IEMA) on severance effects and will consider the seasonality of impacts.

This document does not mention the Enterprise Area at Severnside nor does it mention assessing the impact of the proposed lines on the developability of land parcels. This Area is of strategic importance for the development of employment and business uses. It straddles Bristol and South Gloucestershire, and has previously been highlighted on a number of occasions including at the Socio-economic thematic meeting. We request that impact on the EA is assessed.

The Avonmouth Severnside Enterprise Area, along with the known permissions and developer plans in this area will be considered as planning allocations and will be considered in detail through the EIA for the effects identified in the scoping document. Thank you for the information provided this will be accounted for in the EIA.

It would be more accurate to state that the Severn Way passes adjacent to the existing Sealing End compound, and there are other local linking PROWs in the vicinity of this and the connecting access track.

Noted and text revised

13.5.3 The consultation highlighted that some consultees would like National Grid to undertake an economic valuation of the potential effects of the scheme on individual house prices and tourism businesses in the EIA. National Grid has considered this and consider that effects on house prices and monetising tourism effects should not be assessed in the EIA for the following reasons:

• The EIA process assesses the likely significant effects of the development on

the environment and its conclusions are taken into account in decision-making on the application for consent under the Planning Act 2008. National Policy Statement EN-1 sets out an extensive list of matters related to socio-economic effects which are relevant to proposals for Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects; property values are not amongst those matters. Effects on house prices and tourism were considered in relation to the Rookery South Resource Recovery Facility, Panel Decision and Statement of Reasoning (October 2011) which states in Paragraph 5.171:


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Paragraph 5.12 7 of EN-1 advises that limited weight should be given to assertions of socio-economic impacts that are not supported by evidence. In this regard, such studies that have been undertaken on the effects plants such as that proposed have had on house prices have tended to be inconclusive (DOC/5.5, s3.3). On the latter, whilst we can appreciate people’s concerns, we found nothing to substantiate the view that the area’s potential as a tourist destination or attractiveness as a place to do business would be significantly harmed were the proposal to go ahead. Accordingly, we take the view that these concerns should not attract significant weight in the overall balance

• The effect on house prices of an overhead transmission line is not a matter that

requires assessment under the EIA Regulations. The IPC and the Planning Inspectorate have not required such effects to be assessed in scoping opinions that have been adopted in relation to other nationally significant infrastructure projects. The effect on house prices as a result of this development, as with all types of development, is not material to the planning merits of the proposal.

• The effects on tourism will be assessed qualitatively, with a focus on potential

amenity impacts to tourism and recreation features affected by the development. The assessment will use a combination of locally and nationally available data on tourism in the area, field surveys, consultation feedback and professional judgement.

Identification of Socio-Economic and Land Use Asses sment Resources and Receptors

13.5.4 The socio-economic and land use assessment will identify the likely significant effects of the proposed development in relation to the following resources and receptors. These have been defined taking account of the planning policy context defined by the National Policy Statements (NPS), guidance documents such as the DMRB, consultation comments to date and professional judgement. Decommissioning impacts are considered likely to be similar to those associated with construction.


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Table 13.3 Resources and Receptor Groups and Stages of Potential Impacts

Resources and Receptor Groups

Example receptors Construction and Decommissioning

Operational

Planning allocations and applications

Allocated areas or approved planning sites with potential for creating economic value and inward investment e.g. Employment, housing and mineral allocations and approvals.

Direct impacts on Puriton Energy Park from disrupted access during construction and disruption and permanent land take at employment allocations in Avonmouth/Seabank.

Direct impacts from permanent land take at employment allocations in Avonmouth/Seabank.

Tourism and recreational businesses, features and users

Tourism attractions, Public Rights of Way, tourism accommodation, recreational areas and public open space and the users of these.

Direct impacts on tourism and recreation features and businesses within overall project area of influence, consideration of amenity value impacts on features outside area of influence (defined by impacts identified through other environmental topics e.g. noise, visual, transport/access).

Direct impacts on tourism and recreation features and businesses within overall project area of influence, consideration of amenity value impacts on features outside area of influence (defined by impacts identified through other environmental topics e.g. noise, visual, transport/access).

Agricultural land holders

Quality of agricultural land, functionality of agricultural land holdings

Direct impacts of construction land take on agricultural land holdings within project area of influence.

Direct impacts of permanent land take on agricultural land holdings within project area of influence.

Business operators

Business operators and economic land uses (excluding agriculture and tourism)

Direct impacts on businesses within overall project area of influence, consideration of amenity value impacts on businesses (defined by impacts identified through other environmental topics e.g. noise, visual, transport/access).

Direct impacts on businesses within overall project area of influence, consideration of amenity value impacts on businesses (defined by impacts identified through other environmental topics e.g. noise, visual, transport/access).

Local communities and community facilities

Residential areas and community facilities within the study area. Community facilities are considered to include those related to health, education and community gathering (halls etc.). Recreational open spaces will be accounted for under tourism and recreation.

Direct impacts on residential property, community facilities and community open space within overall project area of influence. Consideration of amenity value impacts on receptors (defined by impacts identified through other environmental topics e.g. noise, visual, transport/access).

Direct impacts on residential property, community facilities and community open space within overall project area of influence. Consideration of amenity value impacts on receptors (defined by impacts identified through other environmental topics e.g. noise, visual, transport/access).

Employment and economic profile

Employment and economic sectors

Direct and indirect effects of construction works.

Direct and indirect effects of operation.


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Resources and Receptor Groups

Example receptors Construction and Decommissioning

Operational

Other property and Land uses

Other property and land uses not captured by the above categories

The baseline assessment of the study area identifies the socio-economic receptors within the study area that will be addressed by the above resource and receptor groups.

The baseline assessment of the study area identifies the socio-economic receptors within the study area that will be addressed by the above resource and receptor groups.

13.5.5 The socio-economic and land use assessment will identify the resources and receptors which define the socio-economic and land use context of the proposed development and consider the likely significant effects. Some considerations of potential effects on socio-economic receptors are set out in Table 13.3.

Desk-based Assessment

13.5.6 Baseline data has been collected for a buffer zone around the preferred alignment, 132kV routes to be removed or undergrounded, Hinkley Line Entries and Aust and Sandford substations. Additional baseline data will be gathered as appropriate to update and supplement the baseline data collected to date. This information will be collected from desk-study data, consultation and where appropriate field surveys. Baseline information will be collected on:

• Grades of agricultural land; • Agricultural land holdings; • PRoW, National Trails and other rights of access and non-designated and local

walkways and cycle routes; • Residential, commercial or industrial properties; • Community facilities; • Mineral reserves (and safeguarded areas); • Waste sites; • Open space e.g. green infrastructure, informal recreation, CROW land, formal

recreation areas, common land and village greens; and • Tourism and recreation attractions and businesses • Tourism and recreation users • Local business operators • Employment and economic profile.

13.5.7 The desk-based review will focus on collating data relating to the relevant resources and receptors along the proposed connection and the socio-economic and land use characteristics of the proposed connection. Potential data sources include:

• Mapping information and postal databases; • Local, regional and national economic and social indices databases, policy

documents and strategies; • Publicly available information on receptors;


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• Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside; • Environment Agency’s website; • Ordnance Survey maps; • Relevant national, regional and local development plan documents; • Existing planning permissions and planning applications; • Details from EDF’s proposals for the new power station at Hinkley Point; • South Gloucestershire Council website for information on tourism attractions,

planning documents and economic statistics (e.g. Avonmouth Severnside Enterprise Area);

• Bristol City Council website for information on tourism attractions, planning documents and economic statistics;

• West Somerset District Council website for information on tourism attractions, planning documents and economic statistics;

• Sedgemoor District Council website for information on tourism attractions, planning documents and economic statistics and strategies (e.g. Puriton Energy Park Supplementary Planning Document, March 2012);

• Somerset County Council website for information on tourism attractions, planning documents and economic statistics; and

• North Somerset Council website for information on tourism attractions, planning documents and economic statistics.

13.5.8 Consultation with tourism, recreation and employment operators and organisations along the proposed connection will be important in confirming data collated through the desk study and identifying and gathering further data. Consultation will be undertaken through a variety of mechanisms from data requests to public engagement and individual meetings. Information on land use and business operations will be sought from directly affected land owners.

13.5.9 Field surveys will be undertaken where sufficient data cannot be collated through the above activities and/or a specific requirement is identified to validate the assessment. Field surveys may include:

• Site visits and condition surveys of features (e.g. PRoW); • User counts at specific identified receptors/resources; and • Questionnaires and interviews.

13.5.10 The proposed locations for relevant field surveys would be undertaken in consultation with Local Authority Stakeholders.


13.6.1 The socio-economic and land use assessment will evaluate the significance of effects through a qualitative assessment of the magnitude of the identified effects of the project against the sensitivity of the resources or receptors affected. There is limited guidance in relation to defining these aspects for socio-economic assessments. The following definitions have been developed based on experience of precedent assessments including projects currently in the National Infrastructure Planning process38 and professional judgement and are considered to provide a

38 http://infrastructure.planningportal.gov.uk/projects/register-of-applications/


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robust basis for assessment. Although it is anticipated that receptors may adjust to any effects that are predicted over the life of the project, the assessment will not attempt to predict social change or assume changes in the pattern of use of facilities over time. The assessment will use the base data available and consider the impacts within the worse-case year identified through the life of the project.

Magnitude of Impact

13.6.2 The magnitude of an impact represents its severity or scale, and is influenced by:

• spatial extent (localised/isolated versus widespread with potential secondary effects);

• extent (number of groups and/or people, households or businesses affected); • duration (long term or permanent to short term or temporary); • frequency; and • the scope for mitigation.

13.6.3 Characteristics of how the overall magnitude of effects will be considered are shown at Table 13.4.

Table 13.4 Impact Magnitude Impact Magnitude

Large An impact that will dominate over baseline conditions, and/or will be very likely to affect large numbers of businesses and/or people (with number depending on the local context), and that will usually continue and effectively constitute a permanent, long‐term impact on the base case conditions.

Medium An impact that can be demonstrated to change the baseline conditions and likely to affect a moderate number of businesses and/or people (with number depending on the local context).

Small An impact that will result in a perceptible difference from baseline conditions and is likely or may affect a small number of businesses and/or people (with number depending on the local context)

Negligible An impact that does not result in a variation beyond the baseline conditions and/or is unlikely to measurably affect the well‐being of businesses and/or people.

13.6.4 Where quantifiable data are available, these definitions may be refined to include specific values.

13.6.5 The assessment of amenity value will consider a number of impacts assessed in other topics of the EIA and further consideration of how this will be assessed has been set out in Table 13.5. The primary consideration within the amenity value assessment will be the nature of the effects on the functionality of the resource. As identified above, impacts on amenity value will be derived from other environmental impacts upon the receptors and this will inform the assessment of magnitude, as set out in Table 13.4.

Table 13.5 Impact Magnitude (Amenity Value)

Impact Magnitude on Amenity Value


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Large Three or more residual significant impacts are identified with at least one being major in nature. Two residual major significant impacts are identified

Medium Two residual significant impacts are identified with one being major in nature.

Small Two residual significant impacts are identified both being moderate or less in nature.

Negligible 1 (or no) significant residual impacts identified.

13.6.6 The duration of the impacts identified will be considered within the assessment. Impacts with duration of 6 months (or less) may reduce the magnitude of impact identified.

13.6.7 Professional judgement will be employed within the assessment and there is potential that based on the specific local context and characteristics a greater or lesser magnitude will be applied. Where this occurs it will be clearly identified and explained.

Receptor sensitivity

13.6.8 Receptor sensitivity is defined based on consideration of the following characteristics:

• Importance of the receptor for example local, regional, national and

international, • The availability of comparable alternatives along the proposed connection

and/or the ease with which the resource could be replaced/relocated • The capacity of the resource to recover or adapt to the impacts identified, over

what period of time • The level of usage and the nature of the users (e.g. sensitive groups, such as

older people, children, people of poor health).

13.6.9 It is generally considered the greater the number of users the more sensitive the receptor. In addition, whilst individual residential properties will be considered as receptors, community impacts will be defined where five or more properties within a location are affected by the same impact.

Determining the significance of effects

13.6.10 The significance of a socio‐economic or land use effect is a product of the magnitude of the impact and the sensitivity of the receptor. Where possible this will be based on quantifiable evidence. However, some assessments will be based on professional judgement and existing EIA practice.

Table 13.6 Definitions of Significance

Magnitude

Sensitivity Negligible Small Medium Large

Low Negligible – not significant

Negligible – not significant

Minor adverse/beneficial – not significant

Moderate adverse/ beneficial – significant


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Medium Negligible – not significant

Minor adverse/ beneficial – not significant

Moderate adverse/ beneficial - significant

Major adverse/ beneficial – significant

High Negligible – not significant

Moderate adverse/ beneficial – significant

Major adverse/ beneficial - significant

Major adverse/ beneficial – significant

13.6.11 Effects identified and assessed in the EIA are considered to be significant if both impact magnitude and receptor sensitivity are high/large or medium/moderate. Additionally, effects are considered to be significant if impact magnitude is large and receptor sensitivity is low, or alternatively if receptor sensitivity is high and impact magnitude is small. This equates to major and moderate adverse/beneficial effects.

13.6.12 Other effects, equating to minor adverse/beneficial and negligible effects, are not considered to be significant.

Mitigation

13.6.13 The assessment will seek to identify suitable mitigation to reduce, remove or compensate for significant adverse effects identified. Where appropriate, opportunities to enhance beneficial effects will also be identified. The EIA will identify residual impact expected following committed and deliverable mitigation. Where mitigation opportunities are identified and require third party agreement prior to delivery these will be identified but not taken into account within the assessment if impacts.


13.7.1 Socio-economic and land use effects may arise from impacts identified from assessment of other EIA topics such as landscape and views; ecology; noise; and transport. The socio-economic and land use assessment will consider the findings of other EIA studies. The potential inter-relationship of effects on receptors (including communities) will be considered during the assessment.


13.8.1 The socio-economics and land use assessment will include potential cumulative effects as a result of the proposed development in combination with other major developments through construction, operation and decommissioning (as appropriate) phases. Planning Inspectorate Advice Note 9 sets out that other major developments will need to be considered in assessing cumulative effects and includes those under construction; permitted but not yet implemented; submitted but not yet determined; projects on the planning inspectorates programme of projects; and those identified in development plans and other plans which are reasonably likely to come forward. The scope of projects to be considered in the cumulative assessment will be agreed with the relevant planning authorities.

13.9 Reporting

13.9.1 The socio-economics and land use assessment will be included as a chapter within the Environmental Statement with relevant additional detailed information and data


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presented within an Annex to the statement. Socio-economic features will be mapped and these will also be included within the Environmental Statement.


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14 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS AND ELECTRO MAGNETI C COMPATABILITY

14.1 Introduction

14.1.1 This chapter sets out the proposed approach to assessing the likely significant electric and magnetic fields (EMF) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) effects associated with the proposed development.


14.2.1 Relevant policies and guidance such as those contained within the National Policy Statements (NPS) EN-139 and EN-540 will be reviewed.

14.2.2 Whilst there are no statutory regulations in the UK that limit the exposure of people to power-frequency EMF, responsibility for implementing appropriate measures for the protection of the public lies with the UK Government. In 2004, the Government adopted guidelines published in 1998 by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP)41 in line with the terms of the 1999 EU recommendation42 on public exposure to EMFs. National Policy Statement EN-540 documents this policy.

14.2.3 The EMF guidelines in NPS EN-5 and their application are explained in the Code of Practice, ‘Power Lines: Demonstrating compliance with EMF public exposure guidelines – a voluntary Code of Practice’43 published by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC). It is the electricity industry’s policy to comply with Government guidelines on EMF, and this Code of Practice forms an integral part of this policy.

14.2.4 There is also a second Code of Practice, ‘Optimum Phasing of high voltage double-circuit Power Lines’44, which sets out the principles for optimum phasing of overhead lines. This details the Government supported precautionary measures recommended by the Stakeholder Advisory Group on extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields (ELF EMFs) (SAGE) in its First Interim Assessment45.

14.2.5 This assessment will be performed in line with the principles of both Codes of Practice.

14.2.6 In 2009 the European Council Directive on electromagnetic compatibility, 89/336/EEC (EMC Directive)46 and its amendments, was enacted into UK law. The

39 Department of Energy and Climate Change (2011) Overarching National Policy Statement (NPS) for Energy (EN-1) 40 Department of Energy and Climate Change (2011) National Policy Statement for Electricity Network Infrastructure (EN-5) 41 International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (1998) Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields, Health Physics 42 EU Council (1999) Recommendation of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) (1999/519/EC) 43 Department of Energy and Climate Change (2012) Power Lines: Demonstrating compliance with EMF public exposure guidelines. A voluntary Code of Practice 44 Department of Energy and Climate Change (2012) Optimum Phasing of high voltage double-circuit Power Lines. A voluntary Code of Practice 45 SAGE First Interim Assessment http://www.emfs.info/NR/rdonlyres/39CDF32F-4E2E-AD30-A2B0006B8ED5/0/SAGEfirstinterimassessment.pdf 46 Council Directive 89/336/EEC of 3 May 1989 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility


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requirements of this directive will form the basis for the assessment of electromagnetic compatibility.

14.3 Existing environment

14.3.1 The proposed development is within a mixture of rural, urban and industrial areas, which have existing electrical assets. All equipment that generates, distributes or uses electricity produces EMFs. The UK power frequency is 50 Hz which is the principal frequency of the EMFs produced, also known as Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) EMFs.

14.3.2 Electric fields depend on the operating voltage of the equipment producing them and are measured in V/m (Volts per metre). The operating voltage of most equipment is a relatively constant value. Electric fields are shielded by most common building materials, trees and fences and diminish rapidly with distance from the source. In a typical UK home, the background electric field ranges between 1-20 V/m47.

14.3.3 Magnetic fields depend on the electrical currents flowing, which vary according to the electrical power requirements at any given time, and are measured in µT (microtesla). They are not significantly shielded by most common building materials or trees but do diminish rapidly with distance from the source.

14.3.4 Magnetic fields are found in all areas where electricity is in use (e.g. office and homes), arising from electric cabling and equipment in the area. In UK houses, typical magnetic fields will be in the range of 0.01 – 0.2 µT, with localized higher values close to electrical appliances27.


14.4.1 Each of the electricity assets forming part of the proposed development will produce electric and/or magnetic fields when operational, which vary depending on the design or type of equipment.

14.4.2 Energised high voltage overhead transmission lines are a source of both electric and magnetic fields. The electric field generated by an overhead line is mainly dependent on the voltage of the line and remains more or less constant once the overhead line is operational. The magnetic field will however vary depending on the current flowing in the conductors. The EMFs produced by the overhead line will be highest directly under the line and will rapidly decrease at increasing distance from the line.

14.4.3 As a consequence of their design, some types of equipment do not produce an external electric field. This applies to underground cables and gas insulated switchgear (GIS), which are enclosed in a metal sheath (a protective metal layer within the cable) and have solid metal enclosures respectively. Magnetic fields are produced by underground cables and GIS substations, which in both cases are greatest directly on top of or next to the equipment and drop quickly with distance.

47 Swanson, J. & Renew, D.C., (1994) Power-frequency fields and people, Engineering Science and Education Journal, pg 71-79


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14.4.4 For substations and cable sealing end compounds, the EMFs close to the site tend to be dominated by the overhead lines and cables entering the installation and not by the equipment within the site.

14.4.5 Exposure to EMF can potentially have both direct effects on the body and possible indirect effects. When a person is exposed to electric and/or magnetic field(s), a current is induced in the body; this is a well-defined direct effect which the exposure limits are set to prevent. Compliance with the exposure limits ensures that no such direct effects of EMF will occur.

14.4.6 There has been extensive research in an attempt to establish whether or not long term exposure to fields at lower levels than the ICNIRP guidelines might be a cause of ill health in humans, and this research has been extensively reviewed by bodies such as the Health Protection Agency (HPA)48 and the World Health Organization (WHO)49. There is some evidence to suggest that high magnetic fields may be associated with an increased risk of one particular disease, childhood leukaemia. However, the weight of scientific evidence is against electric and magnetic fields causing ill health in humans at levels below the ICNIRP guideline limits. The government has addressed this uncertainty by adopting precautionary measures, set out in the Codes of Practice - Optimum Phasing of high voltage double-circuit Power Lines44, which the National Grid follows, where appropriate.

14.4.7 Electric fields can cause objects to become charged which can result in microshocks or contact currents to arise; these are known as indirect effects. The exposure guidelines set out in NPS EN-540 are set to deal with both direct and indirect effects.

14.4.8 EMFs can potentially affect active implantable medical devices (AIMDs), such as pacemakers, insulin pumps and defibrillators, if the field strength exceeds the immunity of the device.

14.4.9 NPS EN-5 states that “The Department of Health’s Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) does not consider that transmission line EMFs constitute a significant hazard to the operation of pacemakers” and EU directive 90/385/EEC states that “Devices must be designed and manufactured in such a way as to remove or minimise as far a possible…risks connected with reasonably foreseeable environmental conditions such as magnetic fields, external electrical influences …”

14.4.10 All modern AIMDs should operate uninfluenced in field levels below the General Public Reference levels of 1999/519/EC, where the AIMD has been implanted and programmed in a standard manner. The potential for effects of EMFs on AIMDs will be assessed using the criteria set out in DECC code of Practice.

14.4.11 National Policy Statement EN-5 (DECC 2011) states:

48 National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) (2004). Review of the scientific evidence for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (0-300 GHz). Doc NRPB, 15(3), 1-215

49 World Health Organisation (2007) Environmental Health Criteria Monograph No 238 on Extremely Low Frequency Fields


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“2.10.8 There is little evidence that exposure of crops, farm animals or natural ecosystems to transmission line EMFs has any agriculturally significant consequences.” (p20)

Electro-magnetic Compatibility

14.4.12 In 2009 the European Council Directive on electromagnetic compatibility, 89/336/EEC (EMC Directive) and its amendments, was enacted into UK law. The main objective of the EMC Directive is to guarantee the free movement of electrical and electronic appliances and to create an acceptable electromagnetic environment within the European Union.

14.4.13 Fixed apparatus and large networks of the type owned and operated by National Grid are also included in the EMC Directive. The requirements of the Directive are that the electromagnetic disturbance that the apparatus generates should not exceed a level allowing radio and telecommunication equipment and other apparatus to operate as intended; and the apparatus has an adequate level of intrinsic immunity to electromagnetic disturbance to enable it to operate as intended.

14.4.14 National Grid’s transmission system has met the essential requirements detailed in Article 4 of the EMC Directive. This was achieved by creating a Technical Construction File (TCF) as per article 10.2 of the EMC Directive. The TCF is based largely on extensive on-site testing of both overhead lines and substations and a search of National Grid’s document databases conducted by the project team. The on-site surveys showed that there were no significant emission problems to address and using the rationale of the TCF it was determined that the National Grid system meets the essential requirements of the EMC Directive. A Certificate of Conformity was issued and is provided at Appendix E.

14.4.15 Underground cables were acknowledged in this assessment but it was not considered necessary to perform measurements on these. The electric fields from these cables are screened; however power frequency magnetic fields are always present. Underground cables do not radiate high frequency electromagnetic fields but they can act as a path for conducting such interference.

14.4.16 The substation, cable sealing end compounds and underground cables proposed for this project are of similar construction and operational parameters as those tested in the TCF and will be covered by the Certificate of Conformity.

14.4.17 The overhead line will be a traditional lattice design as tested under the TCF or a new monopole (T pylon) design. Although not explicitly covered by the TCF, the T pylon is designed to operate with very similar electrical parameters to the traditional lattice design. It is expected that the new T pylon design will be covered under this Certificate of Conformity.

14.4.18 The proposed development will therefore present no issues with TV or radio interference under normal operating conditions, therefore EMC is proposed to be scoped out of the EIA.


14.5.1 The electric and magnetic fields from the new assets associated with the project will be assessed using the conditions set out in two DECC Codes of Practices ‘Power Lines: Demonstrating Compliance with Public Exposure Guidelines’43 and


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‘Optimum Phasing of high voltage double-circuit Power Lines’24. The outcomes of this will be assessed in line with the EMF requirements of the NPS EN-5.

14.5.2 The calculated EMF from the overhead line will be evaluated against UK Government guidelines to demonstrate compliance with EMF exposure limits and policy.

14.5.3 All calculations will be performed using the criteria set out in the Code of Practice.

14.5.4 The spatial scope of the assessment includes all areas where the EMFs could potentially extend from the electrical assets proposed by this project. Extensive operational experience has shown that equipment operating at the proposed voltage and rating will not produce EMFs greater than background levels at distances of more than 200m. Therefore a 200m extent around the proposed development has been defined as an appropriate assessment area.


14.6.1 The significance of effects arising from the proposed development on EMF will be determined by assessing the proposed development against the Government guidelines set out in NPS EN-5. The assessment will conclude whether the project is compliant with the public exposure guidelines.

14.6.2 A significant effect will occur if the proposed development is found not to be compliant with the guidelines i.e. if the proposed development exceeds the EMF guideline limits. There will be no significant effect if the proposed development complies with the guidelines.

Mitigation

14.6.3 Mitigation will be through the design of the proposed development, ensuring the assets will comply with the current public exposure guidelines and the policy on phasing as detailed in NPS EN-5. If these requirements are met NPS EN-5 states that “no further mitigation should be necessary”.

14.7 Inter-relationship of Effects or indirect effe cts

14.7.1 The public exposure limits are set to protect against adverse biological or direct effects discussed in paragraph 14.4.5 In addition to these direct effects, indirect effects can also occur as a result of charging and discharging of objects by the electric field.

14.7.2 The management of indirect effects is documented in the DECC Code of Practice, and this will form the basis of the assessment in the EIA.


14.8.1 Electric and magnetic fields can combine with the fields already present in the area from other sources such as distribution lines and cables, which vary with time depending on electricity usage. The way in which the fields combine with each other is complex.

14.8.2 The EMF assessment will include potential cumulative effects as a result of the proposed development in combination with other major developments. Planning Inspectorate Advice Note 9 sets out that other major developments will need to be considered in assessing cumulative effects and includes those under construction; permitted but not yet implemented; submitted but not yet determined; projects on


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the planning inspectorates programme of projects; and those identified in development plans and other plans which are reasonably likely to come forward. The scope of projects to be considered in the cumulative assessment will be agreed with the relevant planning authorities.

14.9 Reporting

14.9.1 The EMF assessment will be reported in a chapter of the Environmental Statement. The chapter will be supported by Figures as appropriate.


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15 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS PROPOSED TO BE SCOPED OUT OF THE EIA

15.1.1 During the scoping process some environmental matters have been identified as unlikely to be adversely effected by the proposed development and therefore the significance of the impact on the receptor does not need to be assessed as part of this EIA. Table 15.1 describes the environmental matters proposed to be scoped out of the EIA for the Hinkley Point C Connection Project.

Table 15.1 Environmental Matters to be Scoped Out

Topic to be Scoped Out

Reason

Effects on Climate Change

Climate change may introduce increased risk of surface and groundwater flooding due to predicted increases in average winter rainfall and extreme rainfall events. The proposed development’s risk to flooding and potential to increase the risk of flooding will be assessed in the flood risk assessment. The flood risk assessment accounts for climatic changes. The potential temporary increase in vehicle emissions due to construction vehicles will be assessed in the air quality assessment. The overhead line, underground cables and sealing end compounds will not give rise to emissions or direct effects which could influence the climate during their operation. For the HIS substations SF6 will be used to insulate the equipment. SF6 is a greenhouse gas which, if leaked into the atmosphere, could increase greenhouse gas levels. There is a very low risk of SF6 being leaked from a HIS substation. The potential effects of SF6 being leaked into the atmosphere will be assessed in the air quality assessment.

Air Quality – Eutrophication during Operation

As the proposed development does not give rise to emissions such as nitrogen oxides and ammonia, an assessment on the effects of eutrophication will not be undertaken for the operational phase of the development in this EIA.

Effects of Flooding from Sewers

Effects on and from flooding from sewers is scoped out of this EIA as it is unlikely the proposed development will require a connection to the existing sewerage network.

Effects from Vibration during Operation

Effects from vibration during the operational phase of the development are unlikely to occur and are therefore scoped out of this EIA.

Effects on the transport network during Operation

It is not anticipated that there will be adverse effects on transport networks during the operational phase of the development.

Effects on property prices The effect on house prices of an overhead transmission line is not a matter that requires assessment under the EIA Regulations. The Planning Inspectorate have not required such effects to be assessed in scoping opinions that have been adopted in relation to other nationally significant infrastructure projects. The effect on house prices as a result of this development, as with all types of development, is not material to the planning merits of the proposal.

Effects on Noise during Operation

As the proposed substation at Aust and extension to Seabank substation will comprise switchgear and auxiliary plant only the effects of operational noise at the these sites is scoped out of the assessment. High voltage underground cables have no noise effects during operation and are scoped out of this assessment. Cable sealing end compounds have no noise effects during operation and are scoped out of this assessment.


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Topic to be Scoped Out

Reason

Effects on the tourism economy

No quantitative assessment will be undertaken relating to effects of the proposed development on tourism. However, the effects on tourism will be assessed qualitatively, with a focus on potential amenity impacts to tourism and recreation features affected by the development. The assessment will use a combination of locally and nationally available data on tourism in the area, field surveys, consultation feedback and professional judgement.

Electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC)

The overhead line, substation, sealing end compounds and underground cables proposed for this project are of similar construction and operational parameters as those tested in the Technical Construction File (TCF) and will be covered by the Certificate of Conformity (Appendix E). The proposed development will present no issues with TV or radio interference under normal operating conditions, therefore EMC is proposed to be scoped out of the EIA.


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16 CONTENTS AND SCOPE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMEN T

16.1 Structure of the Environmental Statement

16.1.1 This chapter provides a description of the anticipated structure proposed for the ES. This chapter also includes a list of the environmental topics to be incorporated into the EIA. The environmental matters to be scoped out of the EIA are presented at the end of this chapter.

16.1.2 The proposed content of the ES is presented in Table 16.1.

Table 16.1 Proposed Content of the ES

Chapter Contents Figures

Summary Non-Technical Summary (to be provided as a separate document)

Site location plan; Proposed layout

Introduction Scope and ‘scoped out’ impacts Summary table illustrating potential significant effects identified during scoping Developer, advisors and consultation

-

Background to the Project

Need for the project Project development process Electricity Act duties Environmental context

Site context/ constraints

Project Description

Overview of development Layout Access Design proposals

Site location plan; Proposed layout; Design details

Construction phasing Duration/timing of works Access routes Storage areas Methods of working Machinery/plant required Anticipated hours of operation

-

Alternatives Summary of strategic optioneering and route corridor study Summary of the location and design options considered

Route corridor options; Alignment options

Planning Context Summary of relevant Planning documents/policy/guidance

-

Environmental Assessment Chapters

Baseline environment Method of assessment Potential receptors Significance criteria and impact prediction Mitigation and monitoring

As required

Conclusion Summary and conclusion -

16.1.3 Schedule 4, Part 1 of the 2009 EIA Regulations, provides a checklist of topics to include in EIA derived from the relevant European Directives which are those aspects of the environment which are considered likely to be significantly affected by the proposed development. The Regulations state that an ES should not cover every aspect of the proposed development’s environmental impacts, but should focus on the aspects likely to have significant environmental effects. The aspects of the environment which developers should consider include:

• Population; • Fauna; • Flora;


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• Soil; • Water; • Air; • Climatic factors; • Material assets including the architectural and archaeological heritage; • Landscape; and • The inter-relationship between the above factors.

16.1.4 Based on the 2009 EIA Regulation’s list for aspects of the environment to be assessed, the ES will report on the following environmental topics:

• Landscape and Visual; • Biodiversity and Nature Conservation; • Historic Environment; • Geological Conservation; • Flood Risk, Water Quality and Resources; • Traffic and Transport; • Air Quality and Emissions; • Noise and Vibration; • Socio-Economic and Land Use; and • Electric and Magnetic Fields.

16.1.5 Table 16.2 identifies how the environmental aspects covered in the 2009 EIA Regulations will be considered in the proposed environmental topics of the ES.

Table 16.2 Environmental Aspects to be Considered in the ES

Environmental Aspect

To be included?

Comments

Population � Effects on population will be incorporated into the environmental assessments on noise and vibration, views, historic environment, land use, socio-economics, transport, and electric and magnetic fields.

Fauna � Effects on fauna will be in the biodiversity assessment.

Flora � Effects on flora will be in the biodiversity assessment.

Soil � Effects on soil will be in the geology and hydrology assessment.

Water � Effects on water and land drainage will be in the geology and hydrology assessments. A flood risk assessment will be summarised in the hydrology chapter of the ES.

Air � Effects on air will be in the air quality assessment. No effects on air quality are anticipated from the operation of the development.


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Environmental Aspect

To be included?

Comments

Climatic Factors

x Climatic factors have been scoped out. No significant effects are anticipated as a result of the proposed development. The potential increase in flood risk due to climate change will be assessed within the flood risk and hydrology assessment. Temporary increases in vehicle emissions and potential SF6 emissions will be assessed in the air quality chapter.

Material Assets

� Effects on material assets will be incorporated into the environmental assessments on historic environment, land use, socio-economic and electro and magnetic fields.

Landscape � Effects on landscape character and views will be assessed.

Inter -relationship

� The interrelationship between effects will be considered throughout each assessment as appropriate.

16.1.6 Details of the method and approach for each environmental assessment to be undertaken as part of the EIA are set out in Chapters 5 to 14.

Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Report Appendices Hinkley Point C Connection Project

April 2013


APPENDIX A – NOTES OF LANDSCAPE AND VIEWS THEMATIC GROUP SCOPING MEETINGS


Note of Thematic Group Meeting 16.01.13

HINKLEY POINT C CONNECTION PROJECT NOTE OF LANDSCAPE & VIEWS THEMATIC GROUP MEETING

16 JANUARY 2013, ARCHITECTURE CENTRE, BRISTOL

Attendees: Name Organisation Title

Richard Walsh (RW) National Grid Senior Consents Officer

Chris Chadwick (CC) TEP (Consultants to National Grid) EIA Manager

Linda Desmond (LD) National Grid Overhead Lines Design Manager Joanne Boothroyd (JB) TEP (Consultants to National Grid) Principal Landscape Architect

Lindsey Huxley (LH) TEP (Consultants to National Grid) Senior Landscape Architect

Edward Purnell (EP) WYG (Consultants to National Grid) Consents Officer

Marcus Wood Parsons Brinkerhoff (representing Somerset County Council)

EIA Director

Bob Croft Somerset County Council County Archaeologist

Gillian Ellis King South Gloucestershire Council Strategic Project Manager

Valerie Moody Somerset County Council Energy Project Manager

Paul Sobczyk Turner and Townsend (representing Sedgemoor District Council)

Project Manager

Keith Rowe Parsons Brinkerhoff (representing Somerset County Council)

Head of Landscape

Kevin Carlton North Somerset Council Landscape Officer

Jonathon Richards Mendip Hills AONB Unit Planning Liaison Officer

Sarah Littler Somerset County Council Rights of Way

Janette Burton Somerset County Council Landscape Officer Apologies

Fiona Sharman Bristol City Council Area Planning Co-ordinator

Glen Gillespie Natural England Senior Advisor, Planning (Nuclear)

ACTIONS OWNER WHEN

5.1 Attendees to confirm (to [email protected]) whether they are happy for their responses to be circulated to all attendees.

Attendees 01/02/13

5.2 Send presentation slides and draft EIA Scoping Report for Landscape & Views.

National Grid 18/01/13

5.3 Digitise or scan the Photomontage Locations Maps and issue on Friday 18

th January 2013.


5.4 Confirm rise height for tree removal around T Pylons. National Grid 20/02/13 5.5 Attendees to provide comments on the draft EIA scoping

chapter for landscape & views by 13th February 2013.

Attendees 13/02/12

1. Introduction

1.1 RW began by briefly outlining the agenda for the meeting:

• Project Update;

• Presentation on the T Pylon;

• Draft Landscape and Views EIA Scoping Chapter; and

• Presentation on potential Photomontage Locations;

1.2 RW explained that throughout the forthcoming Thematic Groups, National Grid would be seeking the professional, considered and authoritative responses of attendees on behalf of their respective organisations. Comments captured and recorded in the minutes would be attributed to the organisation rather than to individuals (unless expressly indicated by the attendee).



1.3 RW expressed National Grid’s thanks for the consultation representations received in November and December 2012.

1.4 RW provided a project update, in which he confirmed that:

• The draft route was announced in November 2012;

• The consultation period closed on 18th December 2012;

• Over 900 representations had been received including submissions from numerous statutory consultees;

• National Grid are currently analysing the representations received and these will be addressed in the Consultation Feedback Report; and

1.5 RW provided an update on progress liaising with Person with an Interest in Land (PILS). RW emphasised that it was important for National Grid to understand any operational restrictions or requirements which might influence the position of pylons or other infrastructure. RW also noted that discussions with landowners have been positive with the vast majority allowing National Grid to access their land.

1.6 RW explained that during the Autumn consultation period National Grid had met statutory consultees to explain the draft route and had also held three Local Community Forum (LCF) meetings. Some of the key questions arising from the LCFs were presented on the presentation slides (circulated on 18

th January 2013).

1.7 CC outlined that, for the purposes of consultation, the long linear Bridgwater to Seabank 400kV connection had been broken down into a number of ‘study areas’. To avoid confusion within the EIA process, these areas would now be referred to as ‘sections’

1.8 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council commented that the narrative approach set out in the Connection Options Report made it difficult for consultees to assess options and understand why decisions were made. The attendee suggested that National Grid should consider comments made in the representations when formulating future documents on the scheme RW noted these comments.

2. Completed Works, Proposed Works and the 3D Model.

2.1 CC provided an overview of:

• the work that National Grid has undertaken since the announcement of the draft route in November 2012;

• progress on the 3D model; and

• programme for the Hinkley C Connection project in 2013.

2.2 In terms of work undertaken since the announcement of the draft route in November 2012, CC explained that:

• National Grid had met many statutory and key non-statutory consultees including the Highways Agency, Network Rail, Environment Agency and Internal Drainage Boards to identify operational restrictions which should be considered in the process of siting pylons;

• The project engineers had been conducting engineering and constructability walkover surveys, which included assessing access points and culverting locations; and

• Ecology surveys have been undertaken included tree surveys to establish if any support bat roosts.

Proposed works included:

• Intrusive ground investigations;

• Ecology – protected species surveys;

• Archaeological geophysical surveys and trial trenching;

• Landscape assessments; and

• Assessing potential locations for photomontages – the aim is to take photos when no leaves are on the trees.



2.3 CC outlined the purpose of the 3D model was twofold: firstly to support public consultation and secondly to provide consultees with an impression of what the views might look like. Examples of some of the views were presented (see attached presentation slides). CC outlined that the intention is to bring the 3d model to the thematic group meeting in March 2013 to demonstrate its capabilities. An update on progress will be provided in February 2013.

2.4 A slide of the project programme was displayed. CC explained that National Grid’s programme is extremely tight and constrained by the contracted agreements with generators such as the proposed Hinkley C nuclear power station and the gas-fired power station at Seabank. CC explained that the s.42 consultation is scheduled for summer 2013, with the DCO due for submission in winter 2013

2.5 CC explained that the aim of presenting the draft EIA scoping chapter at this meeting and seeking comments was to enable attendees to highlight any concerns and issues prior to formal submission to PINS. CC explained that in National Grid’s scoping report it would be made clear to PINS that key stakeholders had been provided with drafts of the appropriate chapters for comment and it would also explain and give reasons for why comments have/have not been taken into account. CC also explained that members of the National Grid project team would be happy to make themselves available for meetings should anyone have any concerns about the scoping chapter that they feel would benefit from being discussed. An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council confirmed that draft EIA scoping chapters should be sent to them for onward transmission to the relevant specialists within the Council. EP noted this comment.

3. T Pylon Presentation

3.1 LD gave a presentation on T-pylons. (The presentation was circulated to attendees on the 18

th January).

3.2

Several questions arose from the presentation which are set out below: An attendee from Somerset County Council asked about the extent of tree removal required for the T Pylon. LD confirmed that owing to the greater width of T Pylons compared to steel lattice pylons, more tree removal would be required. CC advised that there would be complete tree removal beneath the T Pylon with the ‘rise’ height for trees increasing with distance from the T Pylon

3.3 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked whether National Grid looked to the wind industry for guidance on the appearance/colour scheme of T Pylons. RW noted this comment and explained that the design and external appearance of the T Pylon would be important considerations if this type of structure is used on the Hinkley project.

3.4 An attendee from Somerset County Council noted that the presentation contained a lot of detail on below ground works. However, it would be nice to see further details. RW noted this comment.



3.5 An attendee from Somerset County Council suggested that the construction swathe will be larger than National Grid has envisaged to cope with different ground conditions. LD replied that the foundation type and design will be designed to reflect the ground conditions.

3.6 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council commented that the consultation to date has given no feel for the construction phase. RW explained that a number of detailed presentations had previously been given to the Thematic Groups to explain both the construction and operation of high voltage overhead line and underground cables connections. Further information on the key construction activities and their duration will be presented in the EIA Scoping Report and the Preliminary Environmental Information Report that will accompany the s42 consultation.

3.7 An attendee from the Mendip Hills AONB Unit asked whether the sealing end compounds will be different for a T Pylon compared to a steel lattice tower? LD confirmed that the cable sealing end compounds will be similar for both types of pylons.

3.8 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council asked whether there is an opportunity to modernise the design of sealing end compounds for a T Pylon connection. The attendee commented that sealing end compounds have a lot of above ground equipment and as such they have a larger visual impact. LD explained that the appearance of equipment in a sealing end compound does not differ between the T Pylon and steel lattice pylons. LD also emphasised that the equipment is extremely important for the safe and correct functioning of the transmission system. LD explained that National Grid is considering the feasibility of alternative sealing end compound designs (including indoor compounds) and that if feasible details of these would be provided in the s42 consultation. RW added that National Grid always seeks to design structures that fit into the landscape, but there is often a trade-off as lower height equipment might mean a wider area is required to accommodate the technology resulting in potentially greater effects on ecology and the historic environment.

3.9 An attendee from North Somerset Council asked whether the Civil Aviation Authority has raised any comments about the height of the pylons. RW replied that the Civil Aviation Authority and the MOD have been a statutory consultee and neither has raised objections about the heights of the pylons.

3.10 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked where the steel for the T Pylons would be sourced from? LD replied that National Grid were looking to source the steel from a company in Chepstow.



3.11 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked how long it would take to install a T Pylon. LD replied that the installation would take:

• 5 to 9 hours to install the monopile (includes 1 hr to drive it into the ground but potentially longer if tough ground is encountered).

• 1 ½ days to erect.

• 3 to 5 days to weld the interface piece (includes cut, weld and non-destructive ultrasonic testing).

3.12 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council made the observation that the installation process will not be the most disruptive stage; the largest disruption will occur from the removal of hedgerows and the installation of haul roads. RW noted this comment.

3.13 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council asked what the transition from a T Pylon to a steel lattice pylon would look like? LD explained that at this stage the exact method of transition has not been determined. The difficulty arises when transferring from a T Pylon to a steel lattice pylon because the conductors (wires) are arranged in a different way. One approach being considered is to have a T Pylon that holds the phases in a flat formation, rather than a diamond pattern, which could then connect into a standard steel lattice pylon.

3.14 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council emphasised that the transition pylons will need to be carefully considered. RW replied that due to the differences in the conductor arrangement and the visual design and appearance of the pylons, National Grid’s preferred approach would be to avoid mixing and matching. It is more likely that, if used, the T Pylon would be used as the basis for the connection across an entire Study Area (Section).

3.15 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council noted that the Council are very interested in the T Pylon. RW queried whether this interest was based on the design having merits or a perception that because if it is new it must be better? The attendee responded that every member has a different view. The aim is to gather the views into one response. Linked to the above point, an attendee from North Somerset Council made the observation that photomontages with direct comparisons of both types of pylon will be very useful especially for members. CC explained that a number of photomontages had been produced to show the difference between the steel lattice pylon and the T Pylon and these were set out for attendees to look at during the break.

3.16 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council commented that on Puriton Ridge a lower height lattice pylon might be more appropriate than a T Pylon. RW noted this comment.



4. Discussion – Draft EIA Scoping Chapter for Landscape & Views

4.1 JB issued and talked through the draft EIA scoping chapter for landscape & views. JB emphasised:

• the report has a broad scope to cover all proposed elements of the development including overhead lines, underground cables, substations and sealing end compounds;

• a significant amount of baseline data has already been gathered and this will be used as the basis for the continued survey work;

• all work will be undertaken by experienced Chartered Landscape architects; and

• the assessments will comply with the Landscape Institute Guidelines 2nd

Edition (and

emerging 3

rd edition).

A copy of the draft scoping chapter was provided to each attendee to take away for review and comment.

4.2 JB presented a number of photographs to illustrate how the visibility of the existing Hinkley to Melksham 400kV overhead line diminishes with distance. This included views at 0.5km, 1km, 2km, 5km and long distance views. These photographs formed the basis for a discussion on the level of field assessment proposed at various distances from the overhead line.

4.3

Several questions arose from the discussion of the draft EIA scoping chapter, which are set out below.

An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council asked what lens camera National Grid would use when capturing the base images for photomontages? JB confirmed that National Grid would use a 50mm lens camera and that the photomontage views would be accurately produced in accordance with best practice guidelines for photomontage production including the Landscape Institute guidelines.

4.4 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council made the observation that the examples shown on the presentation of the existing views of the Hinkley to Melksham 400kV overhead line were all based on steel lattice pylons and that the T Pylon might be more prominent. JB noted this comment. These photographs have been used as they are an example of an existing 400kV overhead line in the local landscape. She acknowledged that the T Pylon is a new design and it is not possible to take photographs. CC explained that photomontage views have been prepared to illustrate the differences between the existing 400kV steel lattice pylon and the T pylon. CC commented that on the photomontages produced the T Pylons disappear from views quicker than the steel lattice pylons as they move into the distance due to their lower height.

4.5 An attendee from Somerset County Council made the observation that from the Mendips looking south the design of lattice pylons allows you to look through the structure into the landscape beyond, whereas the T Pylons with their solid pole design have more visual impact. As a result, the colour, material and finish will be important. CC replied that the 3D Model will help to determine the effects of the different pylon designs from different viewpoints and in different landscapes.



4.6 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked whether there was a genuine possibility that the T Pylon will be ready for use on the Hinkley Point C connection between Bridgwater and Seabank? RW replied that there were a number of challenges that need to be addressed and that a final decision on whether to use the T Pylon would be made before the s.42 consultation begins in the summer of 2013.

4.7 An attendee from Somerset County Council made the observation that the consideration of whether to use the T Pylon or the steel lattice pylons was essentially an assessment decision of ‘more of the same’ or ‘something new’. If you stick with the known it is familiar, if you opt for the new it is different and therefore more noticeable. There was general agreement with this comment.

4.8 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council referred to page 23 of the EIA Scoping Chapter and asked where the assessment of sensitivity had been derived from? JB confirmed that Landscape Institute Guidelines have been used in the preparation of this method. In response, the attendee commented that the same view, for example, experienced by a child walking to school should not be given a lower value compared to someone walking for the purposes of recreation. JB agreed that views from footpaths and other public views such as public open space would be considered to have a higher sensitivity than fleeting views experienced by people driving cars or travelling on a train. If a road or a train line passed through a highly scenic area then this would be acknowledged in the importance of the view rather than the sensitivity of the receptor. RW concluded the discussion by emphasising that National Grid were looking for points in writing and in particular any case law or appeal decisions that discussed the issues that the attendee from South Gloucestershire was making.

5.0 Photomontage Discussion

5.1 LH tabled plans illustrating suggested representative views, valued long distance views and the location of proposed photomontage views. CC emphasised that it would help National Grid enormously if attendees were able to confirm at the meeting if there were any viewpoints that they could agree as this would allow National Grid to make a start on this work to enable the views to be prepared in the ‘worst case’ with winter vegetation.

5.2 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked whether the LCF’s had been consulted about the position of photomontages? Or was National Grid seeking professional views in the first instance? RW confirmed that we are seeking professional views and that it would not be appropriate to seek the views of members of the public in the selection of photomontage locations. However, LH advised that a review of key views put forward by the LCFs had been undertaken and in many cases these matched the views put forward by the professionals. JB advised that in addition to the prepared photomontage views the 3D model will assist in showing the visual effect of the pylons from other viewpoints.



5.3 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council asked whether the viewpoints they had supplied on behalf of their organisations will all have photomontages? LH confirmed that each viewpoint put forward would be considered in the landscape and visual assessment, although would not necessarily be proposed as a photomontage view.

5.4 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council asked whether the photomontage views will show the removal of the 132kV overhead lines or just the proposed new 400kV overhead line. LH confirmed that the photomontage views would show the new 400kV overhead line, the removal of parts of the 132kV overhead line, proposed substation development and sealing end compounds.

5.5 An attendee from Somerset County Council suggested that a number of photomontage positions needed to be more distant from the line. LH replied that in a number of locations, owing to the flat landscape of the Somerset Levels, intervening vegetation would largely screen views towards the line. JB agreed that further consideration would be given to any further middle distance photomontage viewpoints.

5.6 An attendee from Somerset County Council suggested that a photomontage set back from the corridor on the M5 would be beneficial? LH noted the additional suggested point on the plans.

5.7 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council asked the landscape consultants to show the angle of the view on the base map for the photomontage, not just the location of where the photomontage is taken from. LH noted this comment and agreed to do this.

5.8 An attendee from Somerset County Council noted that there are two wind farm proposals in the area: (1) at West Huntspill, and (2) near Brent Knoll. National Grid should consider the cumulative impact of these developments together with the proposed overhead line. CC replied that the Local Planning Authorities send the Project Team all application proposals. TEP then digitise the application boundaries to establish the interaction with the Hinkley C Connection project and the potential for cumulative effects to arise. An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council suggested that the methodology for the landscape assessment should reflect this. JB noted that the method refers to the cumulative effects with other development and this will be considered in the assessment.

5.9 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council asked how the map tabled at the meeting related to the map presented in the previous thematic group and 2012 consultation. The plans previously presented recorded the visual assessment work carried out to date. This information has been used to inform the identification of the representative views and photomontage viewpoints.



5.10 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked whether the 3D model will provide an opportunity to capture accurate ‘still’ images? CC advised that the purpose of 3D model is not to provide accurate or verified still images. Its primary purpose is as a tool to assist consultation and help consultees visualise the proposals. The photomontage views will provide accurate verified views of the proposed development.

5.11 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council made the observation that the photomontage positions should enable views from further away as close-in views of 400kV pylons are likely to be the same as 132kV pylons. JB and LH noted this comment and stated that further consideration will be given to mid distant photomontage viewpoint locations to ensure that this is captured.

5.12 Attendee’s from Somerset County Council and North Somerset Council commented that in the moorland landscapes, the photomontages should look in multiple directions (i.e. down the line and up the line). JB and LH noted this comment and LH explained that in many cases this was what was proposed. Further consideration would also be given to other viewpoints where this could be included. Arrows indicating direction would be marked on the plans to be issued to attendees for comment. CC asked the attendee from North Somerset Council to confirm if he was broadly happy with the photomontage positions identified. The attendee confirmed that the inclusion of a view from Tickenham Church would be helpful and the view selected from Naish Hill should be looked at again and refined to consider whether the best locations for photomontages have been selected. Similar comments were also raised in relation to Tickenham Ridge and Crook Peak to ensure that the best representative view is identified. LH asked for the attendees to help with selecting the best viewpoints in their responses.

5.13 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council commented that she was happy for the landscape consultants to use their judgement in selecting the photomontage positions around Aust, although a view from the end of Offa’s Dyke in Wales would be important. The attendee also advised that photomontage views in the development area at Avonmouth were not required. These comments were noted.

5.14 CC advised that the view points around Hinkley match the positions used by EDF, albeit the positions have been altered slightly to ensure that they represent the best view of the overhead lines.

5.15 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council commented that they wanted more time to consider the photomontage locations. CC replied that the urgency for comments was guided by the fact that the project team are keen to take the photomontage views while there are no leaves on the trees and that as a result National Grid requested that all comments are received by 13

th February 2013 at the latest.

6. Any Other Business

6.1 An attendee from Somerset County Council made the point that if the exact pylon position could be altered slightly to avoid a direct line of sight from receptors this may make a great improvement. JB advised that this will be considered in the assessment and detailed design. The 3D model may be a useful tool to illustrate this process.



6.2 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council asked to be kept up to date on progress with the T Pylon. RW noted this comment and explained that regular updates on the progress of the T Pylon can be found on the T Pylon blog available at the following link: http://www.nationalgridt-talk.com

6.3 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked for greater clarity on how the construction works will be phased and the actual impact on the ground as a result of the works. RW noted this comment.

6.4 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council asked whether National Grid were reconsidering the structure of their documents to something more akin to a tabular format to assist the reader in understanding why certain decisions had been made? RW noted this comment and explained that National Grid’s approach was to utilise narrative to document and explain how decisions had been made. RW promised to feedback consultees views and responses on this approach to National Grid’s policy team. CC highlighted that the point emphasised was a very important one and that as part of National Grid’s DCO submission a very clear explanation of the alternatives considered and the reasons why decisions had been made is required. Making this explanation as clear and easy to understand as possible would be essential.

6.5 The method and plans presented at this meeting will be circulated to attendees by the end of this week to enable comments to be returned promptly before the next meeting. It was stated that comments on suggested photomontage view locations should take priority.

7. Agenda for the Next Meeting

7.1 The agenda will be circulated approximately one week before the next meeting. The items that will be discussed will include a review of attendees’ responses to the draft scoping report.

8. Date and Time of the Next Meeting

8.1 The next meeting will take place on Wednesday 20th February 2013 at 09:30, with refreshments from 09:15. The venue is The Architecture Centre, 16 Narrow Quay, Bristol, BS1 4QA

HINKLEY POINT C CONNECTION PROJECT NOTE OF LANDSCAPE & VIEWS THEMATIC GROUP MEETING 6

20 FEBRUARY 2013, ARCHITECT CENTRE, BRISTOL





Joanne Boothroyd (JB) TEP (Consultants to National Grid) Principal Landscape Architect

Lindsey Huxley (LH) TEP (Consultants to National Grid) Senior Landscape Architect



Project Manager

Gillian Ellis King South Gloucestershire Council Strategic Projects Manager


EIA Director

Keith Rowe Parsons Brinkerhoff (representing Somerset County Council)

Head of Landscape

Kevin Carlton North Somerset Council Landscape Officer Jonathon Richards Mendip Hills AONB Unit Planning Liaison Officer Simon Power Arup (representing Sedgemoor

District Council and West Somerset Council)

EIA Director

Apologies

Graham Quick North Somerset Council Local Planning Team Leader

Angelo Calabrese Bristol City Council Planning Officer

Andrew Goodchild West Somerset Council Planning Manager

Sarah Littler Somerset County Council Rights of Way Glen Gillespie Natural England Senior Adviser – Planning (Nuclear)

Karin Taylor National Trust Head of Land Use Planning South West

Janette Burton Somerset County Council Landscape Officer

Fiona Sharman Bristol City Council Landscape Officer

Katie Bennett Arup Project Manager

Cathy Edy Arup Senior Landscape Architect

ACTIONS OWNER WHEN

6.1 National Grid to consider the use of Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) modelling in the Scoping Chapter.


6.2 National Grid to consider the numbering and/or lettering of receptors to make clear which disciplines they are referring to.

National Grid Ongoing

6.3 Include a link to the June 2011 IEMA Report in these minutes.


OUTSTANDING ACTIONS from 22/11/11 OWNER WHEN

1.5 National Grid to report at the next meeting on the hedgerow planting and vegetation trial currently being undertaken over underground cables in North Yorkshire.

National Grid Closed

1.8 National Grid to produce a map illustrating historic landscape characterisation.



2.5 Local Authorities to advise on the key contacts for other EIA topics

Local Authorities

Closed

2.10 Attendees to submit key viewpoints to Ellen Struthers National Grid Closed


3.2 National Grid to provide a map that illustrates all the components of associated development and the wider system works.

National Grid Closed (cover in presentation on

associated development)

3.7 National Grid to upload the optioneering reports for the WPD, Hinkley Point Line Entries and Aust substation developments to the website once finalised.


3.15 Sedgemoor District Council and National Grid to consider topics for adhoc EIA meetings

National Grid and

Sedgemoor

Closed


4.1 National Grid and Sedgemoor District Council to discuss if respective Local Planning Officers could provide Landscape and Visual information/data from previous applications for tall structures.

National Grid and

Sedgemoor

Ongoing

4.2 National Grid to review and propose the best method of overlaying comments received at the Local Community Forums and the TEP Landscape and Visual mapping data


4.3 Attendees to send nominations of any additional representatives who should be involved in consultations relating to Landscape and Views to National Grid.

Attendees Closed

4.4 National Grid and Sedgemoor District Council to review how involvement in consultation process can be encouraged in the south and to the west of the study area.

National Grid and

Sedgemoor

Closed (addressed through the JPT)

4.5 National Grid to circulate extracts of landscape and visual field notes for the Loxton Gap, Woolavington and western edge of Nailsea areas.


4.6 National Grid to upload photographs of existing 400kV pylons at varying distances to the FTP site.


4.7 Attendees to review the usage of public rights of way, public areas within the study area with their respective officers.

Attendees Ongoing

4.8 Attendees to provide comments on the options appraisal slides to National Grid.

Attendees Closed

4.9 Discussion regarding planning mitigation to be held at future meetings.

All Ongoing

1. Introduction

1.1 RW went through the suggested changes to the January Thematic Group Meeting notes. All attendees agreed that subject to the discussed changes being made the meeting notes from the January Landscape and Views Thematic Group meeting were an accurate reflection of the meeting and the points discussed. National Grid explained that these will now be uploaded (together with all of the information provided to attendees) onto the Hinkley C Connection project website: http://www.hinkleyconnection.co.uk/meeting-notes-thematic-groups.aspx

2.0 Project Update

2.1 CC provided an update on progress with Persons with an Interest in Land (PILS). CC confirmed that voluntary access agreements are progressing successfully and National Grid does not envisage any problems in completing surveys during this ecological survey season.

2.2 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council asked whether the PILS included Aust substation and the surroundings? CC advised that PILS did include landowners at this location together with all sites of associated development (e.g. Hinkley Line Entries and Sandford).

2.3 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked if tower positions will be made public. RW advised that this information would be brought forward as part of the formal s42/47 consultation in September 2013.

2.4 CC explained that meetings with Local Authorities and other Stakeholders had taken place to identify operation restrictions which may influence the position of pylons or construction accesses/working arrangements. CC explained that these meetings would continue as the design of the proposed development evolves. CC confirmed that the engineering walkover and constructability surveys had continued.

2.5 CC explained that to ensure the most appropriate design of pylon is used for the connection National Grid is proposing to assess the steel lattice pylon and the T Pylon. The most appropriate method of assessing these alternatives appears to be National Grid’s approach to Options Appraisal. CC explained that comments received in response to the draft alignment consultation regarding the narrative form of assessment in the COR had been noted and National Grid was considering ways to make the information and the reasons for decisions clearer for consultees. CC reiterated that a decision on lattice pylons v T Pylon would be made before the s42/47 consultation and would be included within the PEIR.

2.6 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council asked whether LPAs would be able to feed into this assessment? RW noted this request and informed attendees that this would be considered if the opportunity presented itself for meaningful engagement and input that would assist National Grid with this decision.

2.7 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council commented that the effects of the wirescape should also be considered as part of the visual assessment. In addition, the attendee emphasised that the siting of T pylons and steel lattice pylons together in the same landscape will require careful consideration. RW noted these comments.

2.8 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked whether the six week consultation period from 3rd

September to 15

th October 2013 could be extended.

RW explained that at present there are no plans to extend the consultation period and suggested that this is probably best explored through the JPT.

2.9 An attendee representing Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council queried whether the geographical extent of the surveys were sufficient to take account of suggestions received during consultation. CC and RW confirmed the extent of the surveys is sufficient to cover the route proposed by National

together with an appropriate tolerance.

2.10 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council asked whether the PILS include businesses in the Severnside area? RW advised that it did.

2.11 CC confirmed that chapters covering “other” EIA topics had been issued to stakeholders for comment. Feedback on those chapters should be returned to National Grid by 1

st March 2013, and the 2

nd March

for the socio economic chapter.

2.12 CC explained that in order to meet the project programme, National Grid was proposing to issue the EIA scoping Report to PINS before the end of March 2013. CC explained that following acceptance of the EIA Scoping Report stakeholders would be consulted by PINS on the scope proposed. CC explained that in accordance with Regulation 8 (7) of the Infrastructure Planning EIA Regs 2009 PINS have 42 days to provide National Grid with their scoping opinion. An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council asked if Local Authorities could receive the Scoping Report from National Grid at the same time as it is issued to PINS. RW advised that he would be happy to do this, recognising that it will help local authorities by giving them more time to review the document.

2.13 An attendee representing Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council asked whether National Grid had an idea of the likely detail to be contained with the Preliminary Environmental Information Report (PEIR)? CC responded that the level of information presented in PEI Reports to PINS have varied significantly. National Grid will not be producing a full ES for the PEIR but will present as much information as is available at the time which has been compiled by the applicant prior to the consultation process and is reasonably required to assess the environmental effects of the development (and any associated development). An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council asked when attendees would receive the PEIR? CC advised on 3

rd September 2013.

An attendee representing Sedgemoor District Council asked whether National Grid has discussed the PEIR with PINS? RW advised that preliminary discussions had taken place with PINS on the content of the PEIR. RW also explained that PINS had made clear it was the responsibility of the developer to decide how much detail should be provided in the PEIR.

3.0 Responses to Questions Raised about the Draft EIA Landscape and Views Scoping Chapter

3.1 The table issued with these minutes sets out a summary of the representations received on the draft EIA scoping chapter together with National Grid’s response as discussed in the meeting.

4.0 Responses to Questions Raised about the Photomontage Positions

4.1 The table issued with these minutes sets out a summary of the representations received on the photomontage locations discussed in the meeting. The presentation given by LH raised a number of general points, which are captured in the cells below:

4.2 LH emphasised that National Grid are keen to agree photomontage positions ASAP to enable them to capture images during the winter months.

4.3 JB emphasised that to produce accurate and verifiable photomontages triangulation surveying is required. Occasionally this means it might not be possible to take photomontages at all locations on the basis that not all triangulation points are easily accessible.

4.4 JB advised that if pylon positions are significantly amended through the ‘change request’ process, National Grid will back check and review the photomontage positions and visual assessments to ensure the locations selected are appropriate.

4.5 An attendee representing Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council, and a further attendee representing Somerset County Council, suggested it would be worthwhile explaining what the purpose of each photomontage and viewpoint was. It was suggested that the relationship between view maps and photomontages should be explained. LH, JB and CC noted these comments.

5.0 Items for the Next Meeting & AOB

5.1 An attendee from North Somerset Council requested an update on the 3D Model. Linked to this an attendee from South Gloucestershire Council asked whether the 3D Model will include pylons. CC confirmed that the 3D Model was progressing well and that it would include pylon locations.

6.0 Date of Next Meetings

6.1 • Wednesday 20th March 2013.

• Wednesday 20th April 2013.

• Wednesday 22nd

May 2013


APPENDIX B – NOTES OF ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY THEMATIC GROUP SCOPING MEETINGS


A075622 Note of Biodiversity & Ecology Thematic Group Meeting 15.01.13 1

HINKLEY POINT C CONNECTION PROJECT NOTE OF BIODIVERSITY & ECOLOGY THEMATIC GROUP MEETING

15 JANUARY 2013 ARCHITECTURE CENTRE, BRISTOL




Linda Desmond (LD) National Grid Overhead Lines Design Manager Liz Seal (LS) TEP (Consultants to National Grid) Principal Ecologist

Peter McKeon TEP (Consultants to National Grid) Senior Ecologist

Edward Purnell WYG (Consultants to National Grid) Consents Officer

Sian Parry Avon Wildlife Trust Planning and Policy Officer


EIA Director

Dave Villis South Gloucestershire Council Council Ecologist

Tony Sergeant Somerset County Council Ecologist


Pete Wells Arup (representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council).

Senior Ecologist



Project Manager

Glen Gillespie Natural England Senior Advisor – Planning

Dr. Nick Michael Bristol City Council Ecologist

Becky Coffin Bristol City Council Ecologist

Gemma Mahoney Environment Agency Technical Officer – Fisheries and Biodiversity

Dave Pring Environment Agency Planning Technical Specialist Apologies

Richard Archer RSPB Conservation Officer

ACTIONS OWNER WHEN

Attendees to confirm (to [email protected]) whether they are happy for their November/December 2012 consultation responses to be circulated to all attendees.

Attendees 12/02/13

Attendees to nominate the appropriate person/specialist to receive the draft scoping chapter for all EIA topics (see presentation slides) so that National Grid can direct meeting requests and discussions accordingly.

Attendees 31/01/13

The slides of today’s presentation to be circulated to attendees.


Plans showing the extent of ecological surveys to be issued on CD on Friday 18

th January 2013


Expand the dormouse section of the presented draft scoping chapter to provide further information.


Comments to be received on the draft scoping chapter by 12th

February 2013, (seven days before the next thematic group meeting). Attendees 12/02/13

3D model to be shown at March 2013 Thematic Group Meeting National Grid 31/03/13

National Grid to arrange a meeting with Natural England to discuss a shadow Habitat Regulations Assessment (when sufficient information is available).

National Grid TBC

Confirmation of the length of time dormouse tubes have been in place. National Grid 13/02/13



1. Introduction


• Project Update;

• Presentation on the T Pylon; and

• Draft Ecology EIA Scoping Chapter.

• 1.2 RW explained that throughout the forthcoming Thematic Groups National Grid would be seeking the

professional, considered and authoritative responses of attendees on behalf of their respective organisations. Comments captured and recorded in the minutes would be attributed to the organisation rather than to individuals (unless expressly indicated by the attendee).




• Over 900 representations had been received including submissions from numerous statutory consultees and RW thanked attendees for their feedback;

• National Grid are currently analysing the representations received and these would be addressed in the Consultation Feedback Report.

1.4 RW provided an update on progress liaising with Person with an Interest in Land (PILS). RW emphasised that it was important for National Grid to understand any operational restrictions or requirements that might influence the position of pylons or other infrastructure. RW also noted that discussions with landowners have been positive with the vast majority allowing National Grid to access their land.

1.5 RW explained that during the Autumn consultation period National Grid had met statutory consultees to explain the draft route and had also held three Local Community Forum (LCF) meetings. Some of the key questions arising from the LCFs were presented on the presentation slides (circulated on 21/01/13).

1.6 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council asked whether statutory consultee representations would be made public? RW stated that these would be addressed in the Consultation Feedback Report which would be made publicly available. RW also asked attendees to confirm whether they would be willing for their responses to be circulated to attendees.

1.7 CC outlined that, for the purposes of consultation, the long linear Bridgwater to Seabank 400kV connection had been broken down into a number of ‘study areas’. To avoid confusion within the EIA process, these areas would now be referred to as ‘sections’.

2. Completed works, proposed works and the 3D model.

2..1 CC provided an overview of:







• National Grid had met many statutory and key non-statutory consultees including the Highways Agency, Network Rail, Environment Agency and the Internal Drainage Boards to identify operational restrictions which should be considered in the process of siting pylons;

• National Grid’s project engineers had been conducting further detailed engineering and constructability walkover surveys, which included identifying potential access points and culverting locations; and

• Seasonally constrained ecology surveys have been undertaken including tree surveys to establish if any support bat roosts.

Proposed works included:





• Assessing potential locations for photomontages. 2.3 CC outlined the purpose of the 3D model was twofold: firstly to support public consultation and

secondly to provide consultees with an impression of what the views might look like when the connection is built. Examples of some of the views were presented (see attached presentation slides). CC outlined that the intention is to bring the 3d model to the thematic group meeting in March 2013 to demonstrate its capabilities. An update on progress will be provided at the February 2013 thematic group meeting.

2.4 A slide of the project programme was displayed. CC explained that National Grid’s programme is extremely tight and constrained by the contracted agreements with generators such as the proposed Hinkley C nuclear power station and the gas-fired power station at Seabank. CC explained that the s.42 consultation is scheduled for summer 2013, with the DCO due for submission in winter 2013.

3. T Pylon presentation

3.1 LD gave a presentation on T-pylons. (the presentation was circulated to attendees of the Biodiversity and Ecology Thematic Group on 21

st January 2012).



3.2 Several questions arose from the presentation which are set out below: An attendee from Natural England asked whether a permanent access to the T Pylons would be required? LD explained that a permanent access would not be required to the T Pylon and that maintenance would be undertaken via Mobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWP). CC added that in order to gain vehicular access to install pylons, new culverts will be installed to facilitate safe and secure crossings over ditches and rhynes. For a steel lattice pylon the vast majority of these culverts would be removed at the end of construction. However for the T Pylon, some of these culverts might be retained to facilitate future access by MEWPs. Alternatively, the culverts may need to be rebuilt (if removed post construction) to enable maintenance access. LD added that National Grid will retain the design information for each culvert to enable the swift construction of culverts should the need arise. An attendee from Somerset County Council asked whether there were different foundations for T pylons compared to steel lattice towers? LD explained that the type of foundation employed would depend on ground conditions. Whilst there are a range of different foundation designs (see slides of the presentation) National Grid’s preference would be to utilise a mono-pile foundation solution. Typically this would be 17 metres deep. An attendee from Bristol City Council queried whether soil conditions and wind conditions will affect foundation designs. LD explained that when designing the foundations National Grid will look at wind maps to establish the prevailing conditions and design the foundations accordingly. In terms of soil conditions, LD explained that the foundations can be designed to suit a range of ground conditions. CC added that in a worst case scenario a ‘raft’ foundation is likely to be used. An attendee from Somerset County Council requested that on the cross section drawings of the pylons (displayed in the presentation), the heights of the conductors from the ground be displayed LD advised that the height of the wires is dependent on the voltage and a range of other factors including topography. In general, whilst the statutory minimum electrical clearance is 7.6 metres for 400kV, National Grid applies a further 0.5 metres to ensure sufficient electrical clearance. An attendee from Somerset County Council pointed out that steel lattice pylons have greater gaps between the arms of the pylons and between the insulators compared to T Pylons. CC commented that T Pylons are lower and the wires and insulators are clustered closer together, in contrast the L12 steel lattice pylons are taller and have greater gaps between the phases. An attendee from Somerset County Council asked for more details on the higher pylons used for crossing rivers and other obstacles. LD added that there are no standard designs for these types of pylon; they are designed on a bespoke basis. An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council raised concern that there might be a possibility of birds being electrocuted if their wing spans touch two phases of the overhead line. RW noted this comment.



An attendee representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council asked whether the T Pylon would necessitate the trimming of trees over a wider area compared to steel lattice pylons. RW confirmed this was correct as the T Pylon is wider than an steel lattice pylon An attendee from Natural England asked whether National Grid will go for a mix and match of T Pylons and steel lattice pylons. RW replied that due to the differences in the conductor arrangement and the visual design and appearance of the pylons National Grid’s preferred approach would be to avoid mixing and matching. It is more likely that, if used, the T Pylon would be used as the basis for the connection across an entire Study Area (Section). An attendee from Somerset County Council asked how long a T Pylon would take to install and how noisy would that process be? LD replied that the installation would take:

• 5 to 9 hours to install the monopile (includes 1 hr to drive it into the ground but potentially longer if tough ground is encountered).

• 1 ½ days to erect.

• 3 to 5 days to weld the interface piece (includes cut, weld and Non-destructive ultrasonic testing).

The primary source of noise would be associated with the piling operation. LD also explained that the monopile was the preferred option as it was the quickest form of foundation to install and avoided the need to bring large amounts concrete to the site. LD outlined that if an alternative type of foundation was utilised it is likely that construction would take longer. An attendee from the Environment Agency asked whether culverts would need to remain if steel lattice pylons are the selected technology. RW replied that there would be less need to retain culverts if steel lattice pylons are used as maintenance can often be carried out using low-pressure ground vehicles such as quad bikes. An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council made the observation that many farmers will be keen to retain any new culverts constructed on their land. RW replied that National Grid will consider which culverts need to be retained for long term. An attendee from Somerset County Council made the observation that it would be worth considering the visual effect of the T Pylon diamond array and the associated stringing pattern from a birds’ perspective. RW noted this comment. An attendee from Somerset County Council asked whether there were any significant differences in the maintenance schedules for the T Pylon with regard to the various pylon painting solutions currently being considered. In particular, the attendee asked whether the ‘Corten’ finish would need to be blasted off prior to recoating and would this process take place within a tent. LD advised that rather than any blasting or removal process, the method for recoating the towers would involve repainting over previous finishes. An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council made the observation that the area around the base of steel lattice pylons may provide a ‘sanctuary for wildlife’. In comparison the T Pylon would not act in the same way.



Linked to this, an attendee representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council made the observation that National Grid won’t want farmers ploughing up to the edge of the T Pylons. RW noted that the preclusion zone around the base of T Pylons would be smaller than steel lattice pylons. An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council asked whether steel lattice pylons provide an opportunity for bat roosts. RW replied that some species of birds do roost in steel lattice pylons, but there is no evidence of bats doing the same. An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council referred to the slide images showing workers at an elevated height carrying out maintenance to the lines. The attendee asked whether the maintenance approach, from a health and safety perspective, will change in the future? LD replied that National Grid will continue to investigate methods of maintaining overhead lines but it is unlikely that the maintenance regime for the lattice overhead line would change significantly from that at present. For the T Pylon a MEWP would be required for all maintenance activities as the pylon is not climbable. An attendee from Somerset County Council asked whether there was a genuine possibility the T Pylon will be ready for use on the Hinkley Point C connection between Bridgwater and Seabank? Linked to this, attendees representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council asked when would National Grid be in a position to make a decision about whether T Pylons will be used? RW replied that there were a number of challenges that need to be addressed and that a final decision on whether to use the T Pylon would be made before the s.42 consultation begins in the summer of 2013. An attendee from Somerset County Council asked what impact the above decision would have on the EIA Scoping Report? RW clarified that many of the considerations are common to both steel lattice pylons and T Pylons. The draft EIA scoping chapters provided to attendees are sufficiently broad to ensure that the effects of both pylon technologies could be accurately assessed.



4. Introduction - Draft EIA Scoping Chapter for Ecology and Biodiversity

4.1 CC confirmed that comments on the draft EIA scoping chapter were needed by the 12th February

2012. CC explained that members of the National Grid project team can make themselves available for meetings outside of the Thematic Group structure should attendees have any specific questions regarding the draft EIA scoping chapter. An attendee from Natural England queried whether attendees would be formally consulted on the draft EIA scoping chapter by the Planning Inspectorate? CC confirmed that the Planning Inspectorate (PINS) would consult attendees following submission of the scoping report in mid March 2013. CC also emphasised that the aim of presenting the draft EIA scoping chapter at this meeting and seeking comments was to enable attendees to highlight any concerns and issues prior to formal submission to PINS. CC explained that in National Grid’s scoping report it would be made clear to PINS that key stakeholders had been provided with drafts of the appropriate chapters for comment and it would also explain and give reasons for why comments have/have not been taken into account. Attendees representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council queried whether National Grid would be providing the draft chapter or the method for producing the chapter? CC responded that the draft chapter would be provided. . An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council requested that as soon as National Grid is aware of precise dates for project timelines, please could they let the statutory consultees know? RW replied that the precise dates for consultation and submission of the DCO will be made available as soon as possible. An attendee representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council made the observation that in previous meetings it was implied that voluntary access would take place in 2012 with National Grid only having to call upon its powers to access land in 2013. The attendee asked whether this was still case and whether, in the event that National Grid does need to use its powers, could they still meet the programme targets? RW replied that National Grid would still be able to meet the programme and good progress had been made with regard to voluntary access.

5. Discussion – Draft EIA Scoping Chapter for Ecology and Biodiversity

5.1 LS presented attendees with the draft EIA scoping chapter for Ecology and Biodiversity. LS pointed out that representations relating to ecology from the winter 2012 consultation period were being analysed and as such any suggestions put forward about ecology data gathering were not included in the draft scoping chapters.



5.2 Several questions arose from the presentation which are set out below: An attendee from the Avon Wildlife Trust asked whether the areas that step outside the preferred route corridor would be surveyed? LS confirmed that the scope of the survey works will apply to any new areas that form part of the route. An attendee representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council queried whether the e level of surveys was sufficient in relation to the areas of undergrounding to establish the full extent of dormouse populations. LS noted the comment and confirmed the approach conforms to Natural England’s survey guidelines. An attendee from Natural England asked whether the extent of hedgerows affected by the proposed undergrounding had been considered for nesting dormice? LS confirmed that when considering the scope of survey, the AONB was identified as a high risk area due to its national landscape designation. An attendee from Bristol City Council pointed out that the watercourses in Avonmouth were particularly important for water voles and great crested newts. LS noted this comment. An attendee representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council queried whether the term ‘water crossings’ included rhynes. LS confirmed that water crossings did include rhynes. An attendee from the Avon Wildlife Trust asked whether the assessments of undergrounding would include the 132kV undergrounding sections. LS confirmed this was the case, although it was recognised that the footprint for 132kV undergrounding was much reduced compared to 400kV. LS noted the process that Natural England adopts for Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects. This includes issuing ‘letters of comfort’ to provide certainty to developers who are seeking to gain consent for development. Linked to the above, LS explained the method devised for assessing ditches and rhynes and their ability to support great crested newts. LS confirmed that Natural England EPS licensing team would be consulted further on this in due course.



5.3 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council commented that ditch conditions may alter depending on management operations such as dredging and hedge removal and this may have implications for the habitat suitability surveys. LS replied that if the Internal Drainage Boards have recently cleared the ditches then the survey team will take this into account in their habitat suitability assessments. . An attendee from Somerset County Council commented that in ditches and rhynes beneath hedges, or in locations where access to the water body is difficult, the use of artificial vegetation which can be rescued will allow the project ecologists to establish if newts have laid any eggs. LS noted this comment. An attendee representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council commented that because ditches and rhynes are connected it may mean that areas that were initially assessed to have a low probability of newts may in reality also support newts. LS noted this comment. An attendee from Bristol City Council suggested that the project ecologists should consider surveying sites that are considered to have a marginal probability of supporting Great Crested Newts. If the results reveal that no newts are present, National Grid can be confident they have set the threshold at the right level. LS noted this comment. An attendee representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council queried whether ‘hand netting’ from the banks was proposed as a survey method. LS confirmed it was not safe and often not possible to conduct hand netting from ditch banks. An attendee from Bristol City Council commented that the ditches in Avonmouth might be particularly difficult to survey. LS agreed with this comment and suggested that maybe this would be one of the locations where the use of egg laying substrate could be useful. An attendee from Bristol City Council made the observation that there is a short window of opportunity to conduct surveys for great crested newts. The project team is aware of this. An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council asked whether the EIA would be finalised in time for the s.42 consultation in summer 2013? CC replied that an Environmental Statement is not required for s.42 consultation. For National Grid’s s.42 consultation a Preliminary Environmental Information Report (PEIR) will be produced to accompany consultation. An attendee representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council asked when the invertebrate survey methodology will be debated – the note says at the next meeting, but the attendee is unsure if that means today’s meeting or a future meeting? LS replied that the invertebrate surveys have not been tabled for detailed discussion today but some additional text on broad survey methods can be included in the draft scoping chapter and further information can be discussed at a future meeting. An attendee from Natural England asked whether a Habitat’s Regulation Assessment will be carried out? LS replied that a shadow HRA will be undertaken.



6. Agenda Items for the Next Meeting

6.1 • Review of attendees’ responses to the draft scoping report.

• Habitat Regulations Assessment to be a standard agenda item at future meetings. 7. Date and Time of Next Meeting

7.1 The next meeting will take place on Tuesday 19th February 2013 at 09:30, with refreshments from

09:15. The venue is The Architecture Centre, 16 Narrow Quay, Bristol, BS1 4QA

Hinkley Point Connection Project

Biodiversity TG Meeting Note 7 1

HINKLEY POINT C CONNECTION PROJECT NOTE OF BIODIVERSITY & ECOLOGY THEMATIC GROUP MEETING No.7






Liz Seal (LS) TEP (Consultants to National Grid) Principal Ecologist



Project Manager


Glen Gillespie Natural England Senior Adviser – Planning (Nuclear)

Nick Michael Bristol City Council Nature Conservation Officer (Planning)

Tony Serjeant Somerset County Council Ecologist

Dave Pring Environment Agency Technical Specialist (Planning)


EIA Director

Pete Wells Arups (representing West Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and North Somerset Council)

Senior Ecologist

Sian Parry Avon Wildlife Trust Planning and Policy Officer

Richard Archer RSPB Somerset & Severn Estuary Conservation Officer

Apologies




Dave Villis South Gloucestershire Council Council Ecologist

Gemma Mahoney Environment Agency Technical Officer - Fisheries and Biodiversity

Becky Coffin Bristol City Council Ecologist

Katie Bennett Arups Project Manager

Michelle Osbourn Somerset Wildlife Trust Planning & Advocacy Manager

Action Log (agreed at meeting) ACTIONS OWNER WHEN

7.1 National Grid to update the minutes of January’s Thematic Group meeting in accordance with the changes agreed at start of the February meeting.


7.2 Local Authorities to check their authorisation and sanction process for comments issued on their behalf by consultants and advise National Grid.

Local Authorities Next Meeting

7.3 Sedgemoor District Council to report back on how statements of common ground are being processed by the Council.

Sedgemoor District Council

Next Meeting

7.4 Somerset County Council to supply literature relating to cranes.

Somerset County Council

01/03/13

7.5 Ecology survey maps covering the undergrounding area to be uploaded to the 3G Portal.


7.6 Attendees to recommend local invertebrate specialists. Attendees 19/03/13 7.7 Attendees to review slides which outline the scope of Attendees 12/03/13



invertebrate surveys. 7.8 National Grid to review the Cresswell Report and WYG

Report on the Severnside area which are available on the BCC website.


7.9 Effectiveness of mitigation to minimise bird collisions with overhead lines to be discussed at a future Thematic Group meeting.


Outstanding Actions from Previous Meetings


1.7 National Grid to provide a technical explanation on the requirement for a new 400kV substation at Aust. This will be circulated after the meeting with South Gloucestershire.



2.3 National Grid to obtain the bird radar survey data from the Ecotricity wind farm scheme


2.12 National Grid to investigate whether corporate studies are being undertaken on the use and success of bird deflectors on overhead lines.



4.1 National Grid to circulate a list of sources of information consulted to date


4.8 National Grid will circulate the maps of the current wintering bird surveys


4.9 National Grid to circulate the maps that illustrate the visual coverage achieved during the previous bird surveys



5.1 Attendees to provide contact details of any groups/bodies/contact people that could provide survey data that would help assist the survey work that is currently underway.

Attendees Closed

5.2 National Grid to update attendees on when they will receive the CD containing the optioneering presentation slides.


5.3 National Grid to ensure that information from the meetings will be uploaded under the date of the meeting and any additional information uploaded thereafter will be filed using the date the information was uploaded not the meeting date


5.4 National Grid to provide information on the impact of Electric and Magnetic Fields on biodiversity.


5.5 Attendees to provide contact details of any groups/bodies/contact people that they consider should be involved as part of the consultation process.

Attendees Ongoing

5.6 National Grid to investigate whether there is information on previous studies on the impact of undergrounding works on peat resources, including relevant gas line projects and international projects.


5.7 National Grid will provide information on the number of dormouse nest tubes installed per identified site.


5.8 National Grid to circulate the information on the methodology of dormouse survey required to satisfy the licensing requirements of Natural England.


5.9 Attendees to provide comments on updated dormouse and survey plans within 10 days of plans being circulated.

Attendees Closed

5.10 National Grid to circulate bat survey transect information once prepared.


5.11 Attendees to submit comment on the transect information within 10 days of plans being circulated.

Attendees Closed




6.7 3D Model to be shown in March 2013 Thematic Group Meeting


6.8 National Grid to arrange meeting with Natural England to discuss a shadow Habitat Regulation Assessment (when sufficient information is available).


February Meeting Notes 1. Introduction

1.1 RW went through the suggested changes to the January Thematic Group Meeting notes. All attendees agreed that subject to the discussed changes being made the meeting notes from the January Ecology and Biodiversity Thematic Group meeting were an accurate reflection of the meeting and the points discussed. National Grid explained that these will now be uploaded (together with all of the information provided to attendees) onto the Hinkley C Connection project website:

http://www.hinkleyconnection.co.uk/meeting-notes-thematic-groups.aspx

1.2 An attendee representing Sedgemoor District Council explained that comments on the draft EIA scoping chapters were not passed for Councillor/Department Head approval. However, the formal submission of the EIA scoping chapters will go up the hierarchy. RW noted this comment but explained that the reason National Grid had chosen to circulate the chapters in draft at this stage (prior to formal submission to PINS) is to receive the informed and considered response of the organisations represented and reach agreement on as many aspects of the scope of the EIA as possible.

1.3 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council commented that National Grid’s response regarding the temporary nature of culverts and the intention to remove them following completion of works needs to be updated in the other Thematic Group minutes for January to ensure consistency. RW noted this comment and CC emphasised that the references to retaining culverts in the January 2013 minutes were primarily associated with T Pylons and the need to access them using Mobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWPs).

1.4 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked whether a decision about the use of T Pylons will be made before the EIA Scoping Report is submitted? CC explained that a decision about whether to use the T Pylon will not be made prior to the submission of the EIA Scoping Report but would be made before the s42/47 consultation in September 2013 and would be included within the Preliminary Environmental Information Report (PEIR) that will accompany the consultation.

2.0 Project Update


2.2 CC explained that meetings with Local Authorities and other Stakeholders had taken place to identify operation restrictions which may influence the position of pylons or construction accesses/working arrangements. CC explained that these meetings would continue as the design of the proposed development evolves. CC confirmed that the engineering walkover and constructability surveys had continued.

2.3 CC explained that to ensure the most appropriate design of pylon is used for the connection National Grid is proposing to assess the steel lattice pylon and the T Pylon.



The most appropriate method of assessing these alternatives appears to be National Grid’s approach to Options Appraisal. CC explained that comments received in response to the draft alignment consultation regarding the narrative form of assessment in the COR had been noted and National Grid was considering ways to make the information and the reasons for decisions clearer for consultees. CC reiterated that a decision on lattice pylons v T Pylon would be made before the s42/47 consultation and would be included within the PEIR.

2.4 A slide showing key dates was displayed. CC provided attendees with advanced notice that the s42/47 consultation will start on 3

rd September 2013.



nd March


2.6 CC explained that in order to meet the project programme, National Grid was proposing to issue the EIA scoping Report to PINS before the end of March 2013. CC explained that following acceptance of the EIA Scoping Report stakeholders would be consulted by PINS on the scope proposed. CC explained that in accordance with Regulation 8 (7) of the Infrastructure Planning EIA Regs 2009 PINS have 42 days to provide National Grid with their scoping opinion.

2.7 An attendee from Natural England asked when stakeholders will get more certainty on statements of common ground? The attendee highlighted that the experience with EDF and the Hinkley Power Station proposal was that agreement could not be reached because of the issues around Habitat Regulations Assessment (HRA). RW noted the comment about HRA. In response to the issue about statements of common ground, RW outlined that National Grid proposed to discuss common ground with each organisation separately as the scheme design evolves and the impacts of the project become more clearly defined.

2.8 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council made the point that statements of common ground, local impact reports and s.106 agreements are all interrelated. So it is worth discussing these issues now. RW noted these comments and asked that the attendee from Sedgemoor Council report back on how the production of statements of common ground are being handled by the local authority.

3.0 Draft Biodiversity and Ecology EIA Scoping Chapter.

3.1 The table appended to these minutes sets out a summary of the representations received on the draft EIA scoping chapter together with National Grid’s response as discussed in the meeting.

4.0 Invertebrate Surveys

4.1 LS gave a presentation of the proposed approach to invertebrate surveys. LS confirmed the presentation would be emailed to all attendees. LS confirmed that following the initial invertebrate scoping visit in April 2013 National Grid would confirm the scope of surveys to attendees.

4.2 LS drew the attendees’ attention to the slide listing the invertebrate species and asked for any comments.

4.3 LS commented that National Grid had identified national taxonomy specialists but that any local recommendations would be welcomed.

5.0 Other Questions

5.1 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council asked whether National Grid had considered Otters in their assessment of biodiversity and ecology? LS confirmed that the surveys for Otters and Water Vole had been combined. RW suggested that to address the attendee’s query, the EIA Scoping chapter could be made more explicit with the methodology for each species dealt with separately.



5.2 An attendee representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council asked whether National Grid were proposing to repeat the bat surveys in the areas where undergrounding is proposed? LS explained that 2 years of surveys had been undertaken. Initial bat surveys were carried out in discussion with Natural England in 2010 to help inform the choice of preferred route corridor. Detailed transect and static recorder surveys have also been undertaken in 2012. The Project Team is confident that the scope of these surveys is sufficient to allow an informed assessment of the likely effects of the proposals on the qualifying features component sites of the North Somerset and Mendip Bats SAC and the Mendip Limestone Grasslands SAC.

5.3 Linked to the above point, an attendee from Natural England raised concern about the impact on bats in the area selected for undergrounding. LS explained that all of the component sites of the North Somerset and Mendip Bats SAC and the Mendip Limestone Grasslands SAC will be avoided by the connection and that the potential for impacts on bats outside the SAC boundaries will be temporary and capable of mitigation, either by scheme design (ducting, thrust boring) or the use of temporary vegetation bridges across hedgerows and habitat replacement.

5.4 An attendee representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council commented that whilst hedgerows can be replanted, any trees within hedgerows will not be replaced. The attendee also pointed out that surveys inform the assessments not just the design of the scheme. RW and LS noted this comment.

5.5 An attendee representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council asked whether radio tracking of bats will be used? LS explained that radio tracking has its limitations as sample sizes are small. The results of the 2012 surveys will be discussed with attendees at future meetings as part of the HRA process. An attendee from Natural England supported this view, commenting that the 2012 transect information will help to determine whether further and/or different assessment methods are needed.

6.0 Presentation on HRA

6.1 LS gave a presentation on the HRA and explained that National Grid will include the shadow HRA in the DCO application.

6.2 An attendee from Somerset County Council commented that evidence is needed to prove that mitigation methods work. LS explained that a component of the EIA process is an assessment of the likelihood that mitigation proposed will be successful.

6.3 An attendee from Bristol City Council raised the matter of bird collision with overhead lines. They queried whether bird deflectors work and requested that an agenda item for the Thematic Group should be the successfulness of various mitigation methods. LS explained that a literature review had been undertaken to consider the success of various mitigation measures to minimise the risk of bird collision with overhead lines. This is presented in National Grid ornithological assessment which is available on the project website. LS explained that this literature review would be updated and this would be brought to the Thematic Groups once complete.

6.4 An attendee from Bristol City Council asked whether Local Authorities are involved as a competent authority in assessing compliance with the HRA? An attendee from Natural England responded by explaining that Local Authorities are only involved in discharging conditions (requirements).



CC explained that as part of the DCO the responsibility for drafting the requirements (conditions) lies with the applicant.

6.5 An attendee from Natural England commented that there is also a requirement for National Grid to assess the impact on Wild Birds adjacent to Special Protection Areas (SPAs). The attendee explained this was added to the Habitat Regulations in 2012. The attendee also explained Natural England had to look at this issue for the new nuclear power station at Hinkley. LS noted this.

6.6 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council asked whether there was a cut off point for surveys to finish? LS responded that the surveys may continue to submission of the application.

6.7 An attendee from Natural England advised it would be beneficial for National Grid to adopt a matrix approach when presenting its findings. The attendee suggested that this could be simplified by inserting a column listing the features and then a column listing the impacts. This will enable Natural England to work through the issues and strike off any matters that will not be pertinent to the project. LS advised that National Grid had already started to produce such a matrix, and this will look at “impact pathways”.

6.8 An attendee representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council asked when National Grid were planning to issue the results of the bat work from 2012? LS advised that the bat survey results would be issued by May 2013. The attendee commented that having access to the Stage 1 results will help Arup to comment on pathways. This was noted by the Project Team.

6.9 An attendee from Natural England advised that cumulative impact will need to be considered. LS advised that the matrices will include cumulative impacts.

6.10 An attendee from Bristol City Council asked National Grid to consider the ‘in combination’ aspect of two locations: 1) The crossing of the River Avon, where the attendee suggested that National Grid would have ecological data from the Bristol Port Authority. (2) The importance of Hallen Marsh, which is owned by Bristol City Council. The attendee referred to three reports produced by Cresswell and WYG which conclude that development pressure in the Avonmouth and Severnside area will have an “in combination effect” beyond the designations in the area. As a result, ecological avoidance mechanisms will be needed in this area. LS noted this comment and thanked the attendee.

6.11 An attendee representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council suggested that the ecological survey buffers should not be limited solely to where the corridor runs. It should go around the European Designations for the purposes of establishing the in combination effects as part of the HRA process. Linked to the above, an attendee from Natural England advised that National Grid should be “thorough” when undertaking this assessment. The attendee suggested that the Quantock Hills should be included, albeit they might be an example of an area that will be scoped out. LS, RW and CC noted this advice.

7.0 Any Other Business

7.1 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council asked whether they could inform Parish Councils and Local Authorities about the 3

rd September 2013 start date for the s.42 consultation?

RW confirmed the attendee could inform stakeholders about the start date and also that the



consultation will run for 6 weeks from the 3rd

September to the 15th October 2013.

8.0 Items for the Next Meeting

8.1 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked whether there was a way to establish which culverts are more likely to become permanent and whether National Grid’s proposals will lead to a wholesale upgrading of culverts across the proposed route? The attendee commented this matter did not necessarily need to be discussed at the next meeting. Linked to the above point, an attendee representing North Somerset Council, Sedgemoor District Council and West Somerset Council suggested that the most complex works to assess from an ecological perspective will be the upgrading of access points in combination with culverts. RW explained that the DCO application will identify the ‘permanent’, ‘temporary’ and ‘upgraded’ culverts required for the scheme and will consider the effects associated with installation and removal. RW reiterated his earlier statement that the majority of culverts will be temporary and will be removed following completion of works.

9.0 Date of Next Meeting(s)

9.1 • Tuesday 19th March 2013.

• Tuesday 16th April 2013.

• Tuesday 21st May 2013


APPENDIX C – ECOLOGICAL PHASE 1 HABITAT SURVEY TARGET NOTES


KEY - D = Dominant, A = Abundant, F = Frequent, O = Occasional, R = Rare

1979.334 Page 1

Target Notes Report

Target Note 1 Private garden. Hedged on three sides (bar north side) mainly species-poor native hedge with one section of Leyland cypress. Garden consists of amenity grassland with occasional fruit trees.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet A Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Urtica dioica Nettle F Cupressocyparis leylandii Leyland Cypress O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Sambucus nigra Elder O Acer campestre Field Maple R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Euonymus europaeus Spindle R Malus pumila Apple R

Target Note 2 Species-poor hedge along private garden and small triangle of semi-improved grassland. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O Cupressocyparis leylandii Leyland Cypress R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R

Target Note 3 Species-poor, hawthorn dominated hedge with shaded drain along base. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 4 Species-poor hedge with shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 5 Species-poor hedge (1.5 tall, 1.5m wide) dominated by hawthorn with ditch along base. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Urtica dioica Nettle F Galium aparine Cleavers O



1979.334 Page 2

Hedera helix Ivy O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R

Target Note 6 Ditch with species-poor hedge along its southern bank. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Stellaria media Chickweed F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R

Target Note 7 Species-poor hedge (1.5m x 2 m wide), with adjacent dry ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Galium aparine Cleavers F Urtica dioica Nettle F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O

Target Note 8 Species-poor hedge along west boundary of improved field. Ditch adjacent. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 9 Species-poor hedge (1.5 tall, 1.5m wide) with a single ash tree. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Galium aparine Cleavers O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R

Target Note 10 Pond adjacent to ditch/hedge line. Crack willows with bramble elder and blackthorn scrub surround. Pond is very shaded with little aquatic vegetation. Salix fragilis Crack Willow A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Sambucus nigra Elder O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R

Target Note 11 Ditch (1.5m wide) with reed and duckweed. Ditch banks dominated by tall ruderal herbs.

Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A



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Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Phragmites australis Reed F Urtica dioica Nettle F Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R

Target Note 12 Shallow ditch, dry in places. Some floating sweet-grass and reedmace present. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 13 Strip of broad-leaved plantation woodland. Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Hedera helix Ivy A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Galium aparine Cleavers O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Carex pendula Pendulous Sedge R

Target Note 14 Improved grassland fields. These fields tend to be low grazed by cattle. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Bellis perennis Daisy O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O

Target Note 15 Defunct, overgrown species-poor hedge. Ditch runs parallel to east. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix species Willow species O

Target Note 16 Species-poor hedge with shaded wet ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Hedera helix Ivy O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Urtica dioica Nettle O Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut R Sambucus nigra Elder R



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Target Note 17 Small waterbody/Seasonal pond Algal mat Algal mat A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species R Juncus sp. Rush species R

Target Note 18 Species-poor hedge along A39 Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus procera English Elm O Acer campestre Field Maple R

Target Note 19 Ditch with defunct hedge and rush species along margins. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Elodea sp. Pondweed Species F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hottonia palustris Water-violet O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Urtica dioica Nettle O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species R Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R Mentha aquatica Water Mint R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 20 Sheep grazed semi-improved grassland with King Sedgemoor Drain forming south boundary. There is a steep bank down to the drain on which scattered scrub species are present. Hawthorn is dominant.

Lolium perenne Ryegrass D



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Bellis perennis Daisy O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Moss sp. Moss species O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Trifolium repens White Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Senecio jacobaea Ragwort R

Target Note 21 Marginal and aquatic vegetation associated with King Sedgemoor Drain.

Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Carex sp. Sedge species O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Phragmites australis Reed O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort R Veronica beccabunga Brooklime R

Target Note 22 Species-rich hedge with shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Sambucus nigra Elder O Acer campestre Field Maple R Salix caprea Goat Willow R Ulmus glabra Wych Elm R

Target Note 23 Species-poor hedge enclosing ditch - associated with arable field. Flailed to 2m high and 5m wide. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Hedera helix Ivy O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O

Target Note 24 Species-poor hedge - 2m high, 3m wide. Flailed and dense. Ulmus glabra Wych Elm D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F



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Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Corylus avellana Hazel R

Target Note 25 Semi-improved grazed field. Surrounded by hedge and ditch. Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass R

Target Note 26 Well-kept garden of West View, it consists of amenity grassland with an ornamental hedge with some vegetable patches and fruit trees. Hedge species include Leyland cypress, cherry laurel and garden privet. Target Note 27 Marshy area to south of small pond. Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 28 Semi-improved short horse-grazed grassland. Contains a number of large, mature horsechestnut and oak trees, some of which contain cavities. Some trees have areas of lesser celandine and lords and ladies around their bases. One of the oaks has dense epicormic growth and some dead wood and cavities.

Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Galium aparine Cleavers O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 29 Semi-improved field.



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Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Bellis perennis Daisy O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O

Target Note 30 Tall, outgrown hedge. Thin, with some dense patches of bramble. Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Rosa arvensis Field Rose O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Sambucus nigra Elder O

Target Note 31 Area of broad-leaved plantation woodland with some natural regeneration. Very bare understorey. Fraxinus excelsior Ash D Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Fagus sylvatica Beech O Hedera helix Ivy O Ulmus glabra Wych Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Galium aparine Cleavers R Quercus robur English Oak R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Viola sp. Violet species R

Target Note 32 Small block of broad-leaved woodland adjacent to footpath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Hedera helix Ivy F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Quercus robur English Oak O Salix species Willow species O

Target Note 33 Round field pond (10m across), heavily poached by cattle. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Algal mat Algal mat O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Nasturtium officinale Watercress R

Target Note 34 Chisland Covert, broad-leaved semi-natural woodland. Groundflora species only. Hedera helix Ivy F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O



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Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Galium aparine Cleavers O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Daphne laureola Spurge Laurel R Euonymus europaeus Spindle R Iris foetidissima Stinking Iris R Ribes rubrum Redcurrant R Veronica montana Wood Speedwell R Additional species, (including tree and understory species) recorded in 2011 survey.

Quercus robur English Oak D Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore F Fagus sylvatica Beech O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Ulmus glabra Wych Elm O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Hedera helix Ivy O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Acer campestre Field Maple R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 35 Dense species-poor hedge. Some ash trees present, hedge 3-4m tall. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O

Target Note 36 Species poor hedge. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Galium aparine Cleavers F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O

Target Note 37 Semi-improved grassland. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R

Target Note 38 Field of species-poor semi-improved grassland. With a strip of clover and rye-grass along the field boundaries.



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Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog D Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 39 Band of tall ruderal vegetation and rough grass species with some occasional tree species also present. Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley D Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Moss sp. Moss species O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Trifolium repens White Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Bellis perennis Daisy R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R

Target Note 40 Unmanaged hedge and trees (some of the taller elm trees look to be diseased) with dry ditch. The trees are not mature. Elm regeneration immediately adjacent to hedge line.

Ulmus procera English Elm D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Viola odorata Sweet Violet R

Target Note 41 Area of young-middle aged elm regeneration (some of which are dead) with bramble around the edges. Ulmus procera English Elm D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Viola odorata Sweet Violet F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O



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Stellaria media Chickweed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 42 Hedge and trees running north-south. Similar to nearby hedge with adjacent bramble scrub with elm regeneration. Differing from adjacent hedge is the mature field maple and crack willow. A Puffball fungus was also noted.

Ulmus sp. Elm species A Acer campestre Field Maple F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Rosa sp. Rose species R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 43 Small triangle of semi-natural woodland surrounding a dry hollow. Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Ulmus procera English Elm A Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Daphne laureola Spurge Laurel R

Target Note 44 Ground flora of species- rich hedge, adjacent to footpath running along the top of Puriton hill. Hedge is on a low bank. Galium aparine Cleavers A Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Daphne laureola Spurge Laurel O Urtica dioica Nettle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Pimpinella saxifraga Burnet-saxifrage R Additional species, (including tree and shrub species) recorded in 2011 survey.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn DQuercus robur English Oak A



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Acer campestre Field Maple FRubus fruticosus agg. Bramble FLigustrum vulgare Wild Privet OPhyllitis scolopendrium Hart's-tongue OCornus sanguinea Dogwood OTamus communis Black Bryony OStachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort OFraxinus excelsior Ash OAnthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley ORosa canina agg. Dog Rose OCrataegus monogyna Hawthorn OMilium effusum Wood Millet RViola sp. Violet species RRhamnus cathartica Purging Buckthorn R

Target Note 45 Species-poor intact hedges bordering improved and semi-improved fields south of Hillside Farm. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers A Urtica dioica Nettle A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Corylus avellana Hazel O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hedera helix Ivy O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 46 Improved grassland fields south of Hillside Farm Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F



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Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Plantago major Greater Plantain O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Stellaria media Chickweed O

Target Note 47 Species-rich hedge and trees along track on the south side of improved grassland fields. Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome A Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Hedera helix Ivy A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Galium aparine Cleavers F Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Plantago major Greater Plantain F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock F Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort F Acer campestre Field Maple O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut O Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Corylus avellana Hazel O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Hypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wort O Lapsana communis Nipplewort O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Torilis japonica Upright Hedge-parsley O Ulmus procera English Elm O

Target Note 48 Semi-improved grassland fields south of Hillside Farm. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Trifolium repens White Clover F



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Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O

Target Note 49 Pond in semi-improved grassland adjacent to hedge. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Potamogeton natans Broad-leaved Pondweed A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Ulmus procera English Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F

Target Note 50 Small field pond in semi-improved grassland. Lemna sp. Duckweed species D Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Phleum pratense Timothy O

Target Note 51 Semi-improved grassland fields to the south of Hillside Farm. These fields have a greater proportion of tall ruderal vegetation than those adjacent.

Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F

Target Note 52 Small field pond in semi-improved grassland. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A



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Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Phleum pratense Timothy O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Ranunculus aquatilis Common Water-crowfoot R Veronica beccabunga Brooklime R

Target Note 53 Species-poor recently flailed hedge. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O

Target Note 54 Improved grassland field. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Bellis perennis Daisy F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Trifolium repens White Clover O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Senecio jacobaea Ragwort R

Target Note 55 Species-poor hedge. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Sambucus nigra Elder F Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 56 Species-poor hedge Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Urtica dioica Nettle O Sambucus nigra Elder R



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Target Note 57 Field pond with a mat of vegetation in centre. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed A Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 58 Species-poor hedge Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hedera helix Ivy O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 59 Shallow wet ditch adjacent to species-poor hedge. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Carex sp. Sedge species R Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort R Veronica beccabunga Brooklime R

Target Note 60 Tall species-poor hedge with trees. Line of willow trees planted adjacent to hedge at east end. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alnus glutinosa Alder O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 61 Improved grassland. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Trifolium repens White Clover O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass R Bellis perennis Daisy R Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot R

Target Note 62 Tall species-rich hedge with some trees (5m tall, 2.5m wide).



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Hedera helix Ivy O Sambucus nigra Elder O Alnus glutinosa Alder R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 63 Tall species-rich hedge (6m tall 3m wide). Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Ulmus procera English Elm O Acer campestre Field Maple R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 64 Thin hedge with line of mature osier trees adjacent. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Hedera helix Ivy O Salix viminalis Osier O Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 65 Species-poor hedge. Thin and overgrown in places. Contains a few trees. Partly on a bank (level change between fields).

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Hedera helix Ivy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Ulmus procera English Elm O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R

Target Note 66 Small, very shallow pond - barely contains any water 6m x 4m (area of standing water 2mx2m). Hawthorn scattered on south side. Floating sweet-grass is dominant within the pond.

Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species D Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Carex sp. Sedge species O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R



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Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort R

Target Note 67 Tall, wide species-poor hedge. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Alnus glutinosa Alder O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 68 Tall species-poor hedge (6m tall, 2.5m wide) Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Humulus lupulus Hop A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle F Hedera helix Ivy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Tamus communis Black Bryony R Ulmus procera English Elm R Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell R

Target Note 69 Wide species-poor hedge trees. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Galium aparine Cleavers F Ulmus procera English Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Hedera helix Ivy O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Sambucus nigra Elder R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 70 Area of tall ruderal and scattered scrub near Woolavington Road. Urtica dioica Nettle D Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Galium aparine Cleavers A Conium maculatum Hemlock F Sambucus nigra Elder F Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa cultivar Rose cultivar O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort R

Target Note 71 Short species-poor hedge on bank adjacent to Woolavington Road.



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Sambucus nigra Elder F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 72 Orchard on semi-improved grassland, tall sward, quite marshy in places. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Poa sp. Meadow-grass species F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Malus pumila Apple O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil R Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 73 Poor semi-improved grassland. Tall sward (30-40cm). Abundant perennial rye grass, but variety of other species present.

Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Schedonorus arundinaceus Tall Fescue F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Bellis perennis Daisy R Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley R Medicago arabica Spotted Medick R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R Trifolium repens White Clover R

Target Note 74 Small, shallow, heavily shaded pond in field. Open pool of water with frequent floating sweet-grass. Likely to be wetter than usual due to recent heavy rain.

Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O



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Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R

Target Note 75 Wide hedge with ditch at base. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy R Conopodium majus Pignut R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 76 Orchard on a cattle-grazed improved grassland. Tall ruderal species such as spear thistle and creeping thistle are starting to take over also with patches of bramble scrub throughout. Hedge at east boundary is wide and spreading into the grassland. Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Malus pumila Apple F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 77 Small, open field pond (3x2m) in Orchard. Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O

Target Note 78 Hedge with trees either side of disused track. Has formed a continuous band of scrub with a line of trees dominated by ash.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Hedera helix Ivy O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix alba White Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 79 Small, shallow pond in corner of field. 5m x 2m. Dominated by floating sweet-grass. One end completely shaded by hedge. Probably dries annually.

Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass D Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 80



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Tall species-poor hedge with trees at western end. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Ulmus procera English Elm O Elymus caninus Bearded Couch R

Target Note 81 Strip of plantation woodland alongside track at edge of active site. Ground within site has been stripped to bare earth. Woodland is approximately 6m wide with abundant young sycamore in understorey.

Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore A Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Urtica dioica Nettle F Quercus cerris Turkey Oak R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 82 Overgrown species-poor hedge, with some gaps. To east of hedge there is a line of sycamore and ash trees over a band of nettle dominated tall ruderal. Urtica dioica Nettle A Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Acer campestre Field Maple O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Ulmus procera English Elm O Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 83 Tall species-poor hedge. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Ulmus procera English Elm O Hedera helix Ivy R Tamus communis Black Bryony R

Target Note 84 Small, shallow field pond (2m x 4m) completely filled with floating sweet-grass, with sedge species at edges. Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R

Target Note 85 Double species-poor hedgerow along track forming a green lane. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F



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Ulmus procera English Elm F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix viminalis Osier O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R

Target Note 86 Field pond 8m x 6m. Half shaded by adjacent hedge and scrub. Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Juncus sp. Rush species O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Veronica sp. Veronica species O

Target Note 87 Speceis-poor hedge along surfaced track. Contains a few ash and English elm trees. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers F Ulmus procera English Elm O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 88 Overgrown hedge with some gaps in places. Mature trees at southern end. Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Hedera helix Ivy O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus procera English Elm O Acer campestre Field Maple R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Tamus communis Black Bryony R

Target Note 89 Sparse, thin hedge with line of trees and shallow ditch. Extra line of trees south of field boundary, over area of tall ruderal.

Galium aparine Cleavers A Urtica dioica Nettle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F



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Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Elymus caninus Bearded Couch O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix viminalis Osier O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R

Target Note 90 Tall species-poor hedge 5m tall, 3m wide. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus procera English Elm O Alnus glutinosa Alder R Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R

Target Note 91 Line of trees with sections of blackthorn dominated defunct species-poor hedge. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Salix viminalis Osier F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Alnus cordata Italian Alder R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R

Target Note 92 Species-poor hedges bordering fields surrounding East Farm. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers A Urtica dioica Nettle A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Corylus avellana Hazel O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hedera helix Ivy O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O



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Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 93 Improved grassland field south of Woolavington Road. Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Plantago major Greater Plantain O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Stellaria media Chickweed O

Target Note 94 Ditch and associated hedgerow on east side of Causeway. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Galium album Hedge Bedstraw F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Urtica dioica Nettle F Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Melilotus officinalis Ribbed Melilot O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Phleum pratense Timothy O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O



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Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Salix alba White Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Salix viminalis Osier O Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Stachys palustris Marsh Woundwort O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear R

Target Note 95 Semi-improved grassland fields north of Middle Moor Drove. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Trifolium repens White Clover A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Bellis perennis Daisy O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O

Target Note 96 Hedgerow and ditch along the Northern side of Middle Moor Drove. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Hedera helix Ivy F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Urtica dioica Nettle F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O



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Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Galium album Hedge Bedstraw O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O

Target Note 97 Semi-improved grassland fields north and South of Moormead Drove Track. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 98 Species-poor hedges and dtiches along Moormead Drove track and adjacent fields. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Salix caprea Goat Willow A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F



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Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Galium aparine Cleavers F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Phleum pratense Timothy F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hypericum sp. St John's-wort O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lapsana communis Nipplewort O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Melilotus officinalis Ribbed Melilot O Phragmites australis Reed O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort O Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Daucus carota Wild Carrot R Juncus bufonius Toad Rush R

Target Note 99 Line of overgrown grey willow and defunct hedge and ditch on west boundary of grassland field. Salix cinerea Grey Willow D Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F



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Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Hedera helix Ivy O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Phragmites australis Reed O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort R

Target Note 100 Drain, open along one side with a species-poor hedge present along the other bank. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Phragmites australis Reed F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix viminalis Osier O Conium maculatum Hemlock R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R

Target Note 101 Overgrown species-poor hedge over ditch (dry at north end). Two ditches (parallel) join at one point to become 5m wide.

Hedera helix Ivy D Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Holcus mollis Creeping Soft-grass O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Salix viminalis Osier O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Quercus robur English Oak R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 102 Hedge along drain. At northern edge of hedge, a number of mature trees have been pollarded to 3m. Hedge is relatively bare in this section and is brash poled to make it stock proof. Drain is very shallow.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort R

Target Note 103 Semi-improved grassland field. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Schedonorus arundinaceus Tall Fescue F Trifolium repens White Clover F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Holcus mollis Creeping Soft-grass O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Urtica dioica Nettle R Target Note 104 Stoningpound Rhyne - Wide and recently cleared. Phragmites australis Reed A Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort O Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R

Target Note 105 Species-poor hedge along track heading west from causeway. A ditch is present from where the track heads north (towards fishing lake), this is largely shaded. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Ulmus procera English Elm A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O



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Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Galium aparine Cleavers O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Centaurea nigra Knapweed R Conium maculatum Hemlock R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Hypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wort R Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy R Lysimachia vulgaris Yellow Loosestrife R Medicago lupulina Black Medick R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Phleum pratense Timothy R

Target Note 106 Semi-improved grassland/hay meadow Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley D Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phleum pratense Timothy O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass R Carex hirta Hairy Sedge R Centaurea nigra Knapweed R Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail R Elytrigia repens Common Couch R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear R Juncus bufonius Toad Rush R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R



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Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 107 Species-poor hedge, with a line of pollarded crack willow trees at northern end. There is a largely shaded wet ditch beneath.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Urtica dioica Nettle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Hedera helix Ivy O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Sambucus nigra Elder R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 108 Small pool at the end of a ditch/hedge line. Densely vegetated with reed sweet grass dominant. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O Phragmites australis Reed O Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O

Target Note 109 Aquatic and marginal vegetation of large fishing pond. Phragmites australis Reed D Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort F Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed F Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Alga sp. Algal species O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Lagarosiphon major Curly Waterweed O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed R Mentha aquatica Water Mint R Nymphaea species Water-lily R Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species R

Target Note 110 Trees/scrub vegetation with adjacent tall ruderal/neutral grassland mix surrounding the fishing pond.



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Salix alba White Willow A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Daucus carota Wild Carrot O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hedera helix Ivy O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Trifolium repens White Clover O Buddleja davidii Buddleia R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Foeniculum vulgare Fennel R Juglans regia Walnut R Malva sylvestris Common Mallow R Melilotus sp. Melilot species R Phleum pratense Timothy R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Tanacetum vulgare Tansy R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R Tussilago farfara Colt's-foot R

Target Note 111 Wet ditches with defunct species-poor hedges to the west of Causeway. Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Phragmites australis Reed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Conium maculatum Hemlock R

Target Note 112 Semi-improved grassland/hay meadow. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A



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Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Schedonorus arundinaceus Tall Fescue A Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phleum pratense Timothy O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot R Festuca rubra Red Fescue R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 113 Species-poor hedge and ditch along south side of Middle Moor Drove track.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Salix caprea Goat Willow F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Phragmites australis Reed O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix alba White Willow O Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle O



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Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O

Target Note 114 Semi-improved grasslands south of Middle Moor Drove Track. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Bellis perennis Daisy O Carex panicea Carnation Sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort R

Target Note 115 Hedges and ditches around grasslands south of Middle Moor Drove. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F



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Salix alba White Willow F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Trifolium repens White Clover F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Stachys palustris Marsh Woundwort R

Target Note 116 Pond in corner of grassland with margins heavily poached by cattle. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed A Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Trifolium repens White Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 117 Semi-improved grassland fields. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Trifolium repens White Clover A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O



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Aster pilosus O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 118 Species-poor hedgerows and associated ditches. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phragmites australis Reed A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Trifolium repens White Clover O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle R

Target Note 119 Open ditch on south side of river bund. Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Phragmites australis Reed A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F



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Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Urtica dioica Nettle F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix alba White Willow O

Target Note 120 Species-poor modified neutral grassland along southern bank of Huntspill River including small areas of broad-leaved plantation.

Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Trifolium repens White Clover A Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Persicaria maculosa Redshank F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Acer platanoides Norway Maple O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Hieracium sp. Hawkweed species O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Myriophyllum spicatum Spiked Water-milfoil O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O



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Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Alnus glutinosa Alder R Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Quercus robur English Oak R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Salix caprea Goat Willow R Sorbus aria Whitebeam R

Target Note 121 Cattle grazed improved grassland on north side of Hunstpill River. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Bellis perennis Daisy O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Myriophyllum spicatum Spiked Water-milfoil O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy R Populus tremula Aspen R Salix caprea Goat Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 122 Semi-improved grasslands south of the Huntspill River. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A



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Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Trifolium repens White Clover A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch F Vicia tetrasperma Smooth Tare F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Phragmites australis Reed O Tragopogon pratensis Goat's-beard O

Target Note 123 Aquatic and marginal vegetation associated with Pyde Rhyne. It has been recently cleared and bare mud is piled up on bankside.

Phragmites australis Reed A Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 124 Ditchline with species poor unmanaged hedge (defunct in places). Some willow trees are also present, a small section has been dug out to form a pool for watering cattle.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Salix alba White Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species R



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Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R

Target Note 125 Poor semi-improved grassland fields surrounding Homestead Farm Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Trifolium repens White Clover A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Bellis perennis Daisy O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Phleum pratense Timothy O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed R Plantago major Greater Plantain R Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass R Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed

Target Note 126 Section of species-poor flailed hedge along Causeway. A wet ditch is also present, some sections of which are only shaded on one side allowing reed and sedge species to dominate at these points.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Urtica dioica Nettle O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 127 Species poor-hedge with largely shaded ditch beneath, there are some open sections where aquatic plants are found. Hedges have flailed sides but have grown tall to 3-4m.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O



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Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix alba White Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R

Target Note 128 Vegetation associated with Stoningpound Rhyne, east of Homestead Farm. Again, recent clearance has taken place. Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phragmites australis Reed F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Ranunculus circinatus Circular-leaved Water-crowfoot R

Target Note 129 Ditch line with occasional lengths of species-poor hedge. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phragmites australis Reed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Duckweed species O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn

Target Note 130 Semi-improved grassland hay meadows. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog D Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F



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Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Centaurea nigra Knapweed O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phleum pratense Timothy O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Trifolium repens White Clover O Aster pilosus R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle R

Target Note 131 Area of semi-improved grassland. There is also a shallow ditch running parallel to Pyde Rhyne which has abundant hard rush and creeping bent.

Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R

Target Note 132 Ditch lines surrounding field of semi-improved grassland with sheep grazing. Defunct species-poor hedge is present along ditches.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O



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Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Rosa arvensis Field Rose R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 133 Reed dominated ditch line joinig Stoningpoun Rhyne. Phragmites australis Reed D Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R

Target Note 134 Ditch lines with species poor defunct hedgerows. Phragmites australis Reed D Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Galium aparine Cleavers O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 135 Species-poor hedgerows and associated ditches with very similar species composition. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Salix alba White Willow F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O



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Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R

Target Note 136 Improved grassland fields. Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion A Trifolium repens White Clover A Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Plantago major Greater Plantain F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed O Target Note 137 Semi-improved grassland fields. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Malva sylvestris Common Mallow O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R

Target Note 138



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Drain with mature tree line and defunct hedge on south side of Burtle Road. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Hedera helix Ivy A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Salix alba White Willow A Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium repens White Clover F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Lapsana communis Nipplewort O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Polypodium vulgare Polypody R

Target Note 139 Pond in semi improved grassland,. Surrounded by abundant emergent vegetation and open water covered by common duckweed.

Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed A Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O



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Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 140 Boundary feature north of houses on northern side of Burtle road. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Salix alba White Willow F Urtica dioica Nettle F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Corylus avellana Hazel O Cotoneaster sp. Cotoneaster species O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Salix x chrysocoma Weeping Willow R

Target Note 141 Ditch and associated hedgerows on north side of Burtle Road. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Persicaria hydropiper Water-pepper F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Salix alba White Willow F Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch F



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Vicia sepium Bush Vetch F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Lamium album White Dead-nettle O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Phleum pratense Timothy O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Trifolium repens White Clover O Vicia tetrasperma Smooth Tare O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut R

Target Note 142 Wide ditch along north side of Burtle Road. There is a pooled area where ditch has been cut to create a cattle watering hole. Swan nest is present. Some short sections of defunct species-poor hedge are also present.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Phragmites australis Reed F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Sambucus nigra Elder R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 143 Poor semi-improved grassland field north of Burtle Road. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Phleum pratense Timothy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O



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Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail R Festuca rubra Red Fescue R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Persicaria maculosa Redshank R Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 144 Ditch line with species-poor hedges and occasional trees adjacent. The ditches are largely shaded but there are some short open stretches where reed and duckweed dominate. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Salix alba White Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Lemna minor Common Duckweed R Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Ribes nigrum Blackcurrant R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 145 Scattered scrub and trees along northern edge of the River Huntspill. Also a small rectangle of broad-leaved plantation. Salix fragilis Crack Willow A Galium aparine Cleavers F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Buddleja davidii Buddleia R Salix alba White Willow R

Target Note 146 Bankside, marginal and aquatic vegetation on/in River Huntspill (northern edges).



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Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phragmites australis Reed A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Centaurea nigra Knapweed R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Mentha aquatica Water Mint R Nymphaea species Water-lily R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 147 Section of ditch with occasional species-poor hedge along it. Ditch has been recently cleared. Phragmites australis Reed A Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort R Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Rosa arvensis Field Rose R

Target Note 148 Section of wet ditch with species-poor hedge along Causeway. North of the river (Huntspill) hedge is flailed low in one section, in this area the ditch is shaded. The section closest to the river is less managed and the ditch is open.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Elytrigia repens Common Couch A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Conium maculatum Hemlock F Hedera helix Ivy F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O



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Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Achillea millefolium Yarrow R Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Sambucus nigra Elder R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R Stellaria media Chickweed R Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 149 Semi-improved grassland fields west of Causeway. Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phleum pratense Timothy O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Centaurea nigra Knapweed R Daucus carota Wild Carrot R Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil R Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed R Medicago lupulina Black Medick R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 150 Species-poor hedges with shaded ditches beneath. Hedges are tall (3-4m) with flailed sides. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Galium aparine Cleavers O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O



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Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony R Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Salix alba White Willow R

Target Note 151 Species-poor flailed hedge and wet ditch running along the east side of Causeway north of the River Huntspill. Some sections of ditch are open on one side.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 152 Improved grassland fields. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome A Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium repens White Clover F Bellis perennis Daisy O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot R Festuca rubra Red Fescue R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed R Phleum pratense Timothy R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R

Target Note 153 Wide, unmanaged species-poor hedges with shaded ditches beneath, hedges are 3-4m tall. There are also occasional trees present in the hedges. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil F Galium aparine Cleavers F



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Hedera helix Ivy F Phragmites australis Reed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Conium maculatum Hemlock R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Malus pumila Apple R Medicago lupulina Black Medick R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Salix alba White Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 154 Section of ditch along Burtle Road, with short sections of low pollarded willow cut as a hedgerow (along with typical hedge species).

Salix fragilis Crack Willow A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix alba White Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Phleum pratense Timothy R

Target Note 155 Wet ditches in the field north of Burtle Road. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O



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Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phragmites australis Reed O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R

Target Note 156 Poor semi-improved grassland. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Trifolium repens White Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 157 Area of mature trees with shaded ditches beneath. These surround a track and farm buildings. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Populus tremula Aspen F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Salix alba White Willow F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Sambucus nigra Elder F Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Hieracium umbellatum Hawkweed species O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O



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Phleum pratense Timothy O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 158 Semi-improved grassland fields. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Trifolium repens White Clover A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Urtica dioica Nettle O Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle R

Target Note 159 Species-poor hedgerows and associated ditches with similar species compositions present in this section of the study area.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phleum pratense Timothy F



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Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Trifolium repens White Clover F Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch F Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherb O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix alba White Willow O Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort O Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R

Target Note 160 Species-poor hedges with largely shaded ditches beneath. There are some short open sections of ditch, duckweed and reed are abundant in these places. There are some sections where the ditch has been cut into to form cattle watering holes.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Phragmites australis Reed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R Malus pumila Apple R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort R Ulmus procera English Elm R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R



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Target Note 161 Small pond next to well poached cattle track and hedgerow. Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock D Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace D Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed F Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Salix species Willow species O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O

Target Note 162 Greenway Rhyne - open banks along length. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort F Elodea sp. Pondweed Species F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Phragmites australis Reed F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water speedwell O Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort R

Target Note 163 Semi-improved field/hay meadow. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Phleum pratense Timothy O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Trifolium repens White Clover O Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail R Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Plantago major Greater Plantain R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R



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Target Note 164 Watering hole cut into ditch with slightly different species composition than that found in the ditch. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Alga sp. Algal species F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water speedwell O

Target Note 165 Out-grown hedge and trees with shallow ditch surrounding small parcel of land. Scrub/tree regeneration is present within this parcel of land. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Salix alba White Willow R

Target Note 166 Short section of species-poor hedge in middle of field with dry ditch present beneath. Hedge is unmanaged and 3-4m tall.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Sambucus nigra Elder O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 167 Largely defunct species-poor hedge with a wet ditch beneath (some sections of this are un-shaded and open).

Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Ulmus procera English Elm F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R



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Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 168 Two lines of hedge and trees. These are dense, unmanaged and spreading (unable to tell if there are associated wet ditches due to the dense vegetation). A strip of amenity grass leading to Merry Farm buildings is present.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Hyacinthoides sp. Bluebell species O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Populus tremula Aspen O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Malus pumila Apple R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 169 Poor semi-improved grassland field. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Trifolium repens White Clover F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Phleum pratense Timothy O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Festuca rubra Red Fescue R Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy R Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 170 Small ornamented pond with water fountain. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace A

Target Note 171 Species-poor hedge with wet ditch beneath. Ditch is largely shaded however there are a few gaps where marginal and aquatic vegetation is abundant.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Hedera helix Ivy F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O



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Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 172 Species poor-hedge with ditch. Ditch is open along one side. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fern O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R

Target Note 173 Low flailed species-poor hedges with shaded ditches beneath. There are some small gaps where aquatic vegetation is present.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Galium aparine Cleavers O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle

Target Note 174 A number of small enclosed, poor semi-improved fields. Dominated by grass species with little herbs present. The small amount of herb species present are located along the perimeter adjacent to field margins. Hedgerows are managed and are 1m in height.

Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley D Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy D Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass D Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Trifolium repens White Clover A Bellis perennis Daisy F



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Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Urtica dioica Nettle F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Primula veris Cowslip R

Target Note 175 Hedgerows and associated ditches. Hedges are flailed to 1m tall. Ditches have a clear channel and vegetation on bankside is short. Ditches are enclosed and shaded by hedges. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Ulmus glabra Wych Elm F Primula veris Cowslip O Vicia sp. Vetch species O

Target Note 176 Tall unmanaged hedgerow (3m) Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Galium aparine Cleavers F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Hedera helix Ivy F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Primula veris Cowslip O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O

Target Note 177 Hedgerow and ditch - ditch enclosed by hedge. Hedge is flailed square to 2m high Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Ulmus glabra Wych Elm A Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 178 Large poor semi-improved cattle grazed field. Enclosed by hedges on all sides. Large mature willow on north boundary.

Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass A



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Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass A Trifolium repens White Clover A Bellis perennis Daisy F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Urtica dioica Nettle F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O

Target Note 179 Strip of semi-improved grassland between the dismantled Railway and the River Brue. Heavily grazed by sheep. Mature willow along river bank.

Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Hedera helix Ivy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R

Target Note 180 Line of planted trees adjacent to cricket club land. Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut D Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Prunus sp. Cherry species O

Target Note 181 Cattle grazed fields enclosed by hawthorn/blackthorn hedges and ditches with crack willow trees. Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Bellis perennis Daisy O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R

Target Note 182 Species-poor hedges with ditches associated. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Hedera helix Ivy O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 183



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Area of pasture enclosed by mature trees oak/ash/crack willow. Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Ajuga reptans Bugle O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O

Target Note 184 South bank of River Brue, tree lined edge with strip of semi-improved grassland between river and roadside. Mature white willow and ash are frequent on riverbank.

Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Galium aparine Cleavers A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Bellis perennis Daisy F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Epilobium sp. Willowherb species F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Hedera helix Ivy F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Plantago major Greater Plantain F Populus candicans Balsam Poplar F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix alba White Willow F Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium repens White Clover F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hypericum sp. St John's-wort O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Hieracium sp. Hawkweed species R Malus pumila Apple R

Target Note 185 Species-poor hedgerows and associated ditches along Merry Lane.



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Acer campestre Field Maple F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium sp. Willowherb species F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Trifolium repens White Clover F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass O Populus candicans Balsam Poplar O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Arum italicum R Potentilla anserina Silverweed R

Target Note 186 Narrow strip of semi-improved grassland between Merry Lane and River Brue. Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O



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Plantago major Greater Plantain O Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey O Urtica dioica Nettle O Malus pumila Apple R Phragmites australis Reed R

Target Note 187 Out-grown hedge with wet ditch beneath, some sections of ditch are open and poached by cattle. Hedge is tall (up to 5m in places).

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass D Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Lemna sp. Duckweed species R Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R

Target Note 188 Wide drainage ditch with cattle poached banks. There is an area of ditch that has been dug to from a cattle watering hole. Floating sweet grass is abundant in this area.

Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge F Phragmites australis Reed F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R

Target Note 189 Species-poor hedge, 3-4m high with flailed sides. Shaded wet ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R



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Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Phragmites australis Reed R Primula veris Cowslip R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 190 Species-poor hedge and trees forming north edge of a green lane. It is un-managed and dense scrub makes the track un-passable at this point.

Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Urtica dioica Nettle F Galium aparine Cleavers O Primula veris Cowslip O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R

Target Note 191 Semi-improved, cattle-grazed grassland. Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain A Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Bellis perennis Daisy O Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Crepis capillaris Smooth Hawk's-beard O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Centaurea nigra Knapweed R Daucus carota Wild Carrot R



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Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed R Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Stellaria media Chickweed R

Target Note 192 Hedge and trees with ditch alongside southern edge of Southwick Rd. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phragmites australis Reed A Salix alba White Willow A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Acer campestre Field Maple O Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Polypodium vulgare Polypody O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Schedonorus arundinaceus Tall Fescue O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Populus sp. Poplar species R

Target Note 193 Semi-improved MG6 grasslands Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F



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Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O

Target Note 194 Hedgerows and associated ditches bordering the semi-improved grasslands. Lemna sp. Duckweed species D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phragmites australis Reed A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phleum pratense Timothy F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix alba White Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Juglans regia Walnut R

Target Note 195 Ditch lines with some sections of defunct hedge. There are also a couple of sections of intact hedges (species-poor) with a similar mix of species present.

Phragmites australis Reed A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F



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Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Urtica dioica Nettle O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony R Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife R Mentha aquatica Water Mint R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R Rosa arvensis Field Rose R Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water speedwell R

Target Note 196 Improved grassland field Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Bellis perennis Daisy O Holcus mollis Creeping Soft-grass O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R

Target Note 197 Species-poor, tall and out-grown hedge (4m tall, 4m wide). A completely shaded ditch is present beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F



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Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O

Target Note 198 Tall, dense species-poor hedge (4m x 3m) over drain. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Primula veris Cowslip O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R

Target Note 199 Ditch with short section of hedge at southern end and patches of bramble and hawthorn along Urtica dioica Nettle D Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Phragmites australis Reed F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Galium aparine Cleavers O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix species Willow species R

Target Note 200 Open drain. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass D Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Phragmites australis Reed F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Primula veris Cowslip R

Target Note 201 Green lane, un-used, becoming overgrown. Ditch on eastern edge. Hedges either side of lane. Both hedges are tall, overgrown with trees. Much of track is bare - heavily shaded and muddy.

Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Primula veris Cowslip O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O



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Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Veronica hederifolia hederifolia Ivy-leaved Speedwell O Quercus robur English Oak R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R

Target Note 202 Short section of green lane which heads northwards, leading to a group of cattle grazed fields. It is overgrown and no longer used. Wet ditches are present on both sides, they are largely shaded. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Salix species Willow species F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Primula veris Cowslip R

Target Note 203 Westhill Rhyne with open banks, also some dug areas for cattle to use as watering holes. Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Lemna sp. Duckweed species R

Target Note 204 Un-managed species-poor hedges, up to 4m tall with shaded wet ditches beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge R Phragmites australis Reed R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 205 Species-poor hedge with occasional trees and shaded ditch beneath. There is s a small area of ditch dug for a cattle watering hole which has aquatic vegetation - reed and floating sweet grass are dominant (north end of hedge). Hedge is tall and unmanaged.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O



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Galium aparine Cleavers O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Urtica dioica Nettle O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Phragmites australis Reed R Primula veris Cowslip R

Target Note 206 Hedge along south boundary of feild, also forms part of the norhtern hedgeline of a green lane (Hack Mead Lane) running through the area. This hedge is very over grown and tall (up to 5m). A shaded wet ditch is beneath.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Elymus caninus Bearded Couch O Galium aparine Cleavers O Lamium purpureum Red Deadnettle O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Ulmus procera English Elm O Acer campestre Field Maple R Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Milium effusum Wood Millet R Primula veris Cowslip R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 207 Species-poor hedge (unmanaged) with occasional trees. Ditch is present with the hedge along one bank. The open bank is poached by cattle . Hedge becomes defunct in north.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Primula veris Cowslip R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 208 Species-poor hedges with shaded ditch beneath. Hedges are not recently managed and have grown tall (4-5m).

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Galium aparine Cleavers O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O



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Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge R Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Phragmites australis Reed R Primula veris Cowslip R Prunus sp. Cherry species R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Tussilago farfara Colt's-foot R

Target Note 209 Pool at junction of ditches, shaded by a crack willow. 5m x 8m area with some aquatic vegetation in the form of duckweed and floating sweet grass.

Target Note 210 Unmanaged species-poor hedge with occassional trees. Shaded ditch beneath. Hedge is 4m tall. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Primula veris Cowslip R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 211 Species-poor hedge with shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Galium aparine Cleavers O Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 212 Section of wet ditch, with area of open water at its western end. Ditch banks are cattle poached along its length. Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R



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Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Primula veris Cowslip R Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R

Target Note 213 Section of drain along south side of Southwick Road. There are occasional trees and a defunct hedge present.

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Salix caprea Goat Willow A Hedera helix Ivy F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Populus sp. Poplar species F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Urtica dioica Nettle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Galium aparine Cleavers R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Iris foetidissima Stinking Iris R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 214 Ditch along north side of Southwick Road. A species-poor hedge is also present with some occaisonal scattered trees and introduced shrub planting. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix caprea Goat Willow F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel O Salix species Willow species O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Populus sp. Poplar species R Primula veris Cowslip R Prunus sp. Cherry species R

Target Note 215 Horse grazed paddocks/improved grassland Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass A Bellis perennis Daisy F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O



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Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium repens White Clover O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R

Target Note 216 Species-poor hedges, unmanaged and tall (3m-4m). with shaded ditches beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix species Willow species O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Iris foetidissima Stinking Iris R Lamium album White Dead-nettle R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 217 Ditch and associated hedgerow. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phragmites australis Reed A Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Urtica dioica Nettle F Veronica catenata Pink Water-speedwell F Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Epilobium sp. Willowherb species O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O



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Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Samolus valerandii Brookweed O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Trifolium repens White Clover O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O

Target Note 218 Ditchline with defunct hedge and scattered trees adjacent. Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Hedera helix Ivy F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Urtica dioica Nettle F Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Iris foetidissima Stinking Iris R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 219 Ditch with gappy tall hedge on west bank. Ditch is quite open for majority of length. Hedge is 4m tall and 1.5m wide. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed A Galium aparine Cleavers F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle O Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 220 Reed-filled ditch. Widens at one point. Some patches of bramble, hawthorn and dog rose are present. Phragmites australis Reed D Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Galium aparine Cleavers F Urtica dioica Nettle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O



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Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 221 Tall, overgrown species -poor hedge on each bank of ditch. Ditch is shaded. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 222 Improved grassland field with some damp areas containing rush species. Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Trifolium repens White Clover O Pilosella officinarum Mouse-ear Hawkweed R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R

Target Note 223 Species-poor defunct hedge alongside ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Primula veris Cowslip R

Target Note 224 Marginal and aquatic vegetation associated with Southwick Rhyne. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phragmites australis Reed A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium sp. Willowherb species F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F



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Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium repens White Clover F Urtica dioica Nettle F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O Bellis perennis Daisy R Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R

Target Note 225 Semi-improved grassland field. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago major Greater Plantain F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Bellis perennis Daisy O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O

Target Note 226 Ditch and associated treeline along public footpath. Ditch shaded on one side in this area. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris A Populus sp. Poplar species A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F



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Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phragmites australis Reed F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Phleum pratense Timothy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Salix alba White Willow R

Target Note 227 Species-poor hedgerow and associated ditch bordering Southwick Road near Chestnut Farm. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phragmites australis Reed F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunella vulgaris Selfheal F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium repens White Clover F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords and Ladies O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lamium album White Dead-nettle O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phleum pratense Timothy O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O



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Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O

Target Note 228 Small semi-improved, horse grazed grassland fields associated with Chestnut Farm. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Bellis perennis Daisy O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's-purse O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Hedera helix Ivy O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Stellaria media Chickweed O Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 229 Duck pond in garden associated with Chestnut Farm. Pond is within caged area, banks are heavilly grazed by water fowl.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Plantago major Greater Plantain A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Hedera helix Ivy F Poa sp. Meadow-grass species F Salix alba White Willow F Urtica dioica Nettle F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Phragmites australis Reed O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O



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Target Note 230 Low flailed hedge in eastern field associated with Chestnut Farm. There is a shaded wet ditches beneath. The hedge becomes defunct along north east boundary and aquatic/marginal species are more frequent at this point. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Salix alba White Willow R

Target Note 231 Similar to other semi-improved grassland near by. However, within the field there is a historic drainage system with marshy grassland species present along the routes of the former drains.

Target Note 232 Hedgeline and ditches surrounding small field north east of the house at Chestnut Farm. Hedges are species-poor (3-4m tall) with flailed sides. Ditches are shallow, almost dry in places and largely shaded by the associated hedge.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent R Armoracia rusticana Horse-radish R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R



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Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Lapsana communis Nipplewort R Lemna minor Common Duckweed R Phragmites australis Reed R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Salix alba White Willow R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R

Target Note 233 Poor semi-imporved grassland fields (cattle grazed) bordered by drains and mostly defunct species- poor hedgerows (there are also some lengths of intact hedgerow).

Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium repens White Clover F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Matricaria discoidea Pineapple-weed O Plantago major Greater Plantain O

Target Note 234 Managed species-poor hedges along wet ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 235 Sections of defunct species-poor hedges along wet ditches. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 236 Marginal and aquatic vegetation present within the ditches that are bordered by intact hedges. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Juncus effusus Soft Rush A Lemna sp Duckweed Species A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Urtica dioica Nettle F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Phragmites australis Reed O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O



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Target Note 237 Low flailed (1.5m) species-poor hedge along Southwick Road, 2m wide ditch adjacent. There is also a small band of young broad-leaved plantation within the fieid just north of the road. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Urtica dioica Nettle F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Blechnum spicant Hard Fern R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Pinus sp. Pine species R

Target Note 238 Small fields bordering drive leading to Southwick Farm. Fields contain young apple orchard over mown amenity grassland. Line of mature horse chesnut trees present along south side of driveway, leyland cypress hedge on other side . Ditch at east boundary is thin (1m) and open. New fencelines have been put in with young planted hedgerows along them.

Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut F Cupressocyparis leylandii Leyland Cypress F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Malus pumila Apple F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Acer campestre Field Maple R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 239 Low flailed, hawthorn dominated hedge (species-poor) with ditch to east. Tall ruderall on east bank of ditch. Ditch is 1-2m wide. Some elm trees along northern end of ditch.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Urtica dioica Nettle F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus procera English Elm O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 240 Low flailed, species-poor hedge with heavily shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Urtica dioica Nettle O



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Target Note 241 Tall, species-poor, hawthorn dominated hedge along ditch (1m wide). Hedge is 5m tall and 1.5m wide. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Urtica dioica Nettle A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 242 Low flailed, species-poor hedge adjacent to ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 243 Poor semi-improved, cattle grazed fields. Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium repens White Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Festuca rubra Red Fescue R

Target Note 244 Poor semi-improved grassland fields west of Butt Lake Road. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A



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Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Geranium molle Dove's-foot Cranesbill O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed O Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass R Stellaria media Chickweed R

Target Note 245 Drain along the west edge of Butt Lake Road. There area also some sections of species-poor hedge. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dipsacus fullonum Teasel F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Potentilla anserina Silverweed F Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle F Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium molle Dove's-foot Cranesbill O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O



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Mentha aquatica Water Mint O Phleum pratense Timothy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy R

Target Note 246 Species-poor hedge with trees at its northern end. A barn owl box is present within one of the trees. Wet ditch below is completely shaded by hedge and inaccessible.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ulmus sp. Elm species F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Primula veris Cowslip O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R

Target Note 247 Ditch and hedge line. Some open patches of ditch. Hedge contains some wilow trees 4m tall, 4m wide. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix caprea Goat Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 248 Hedge and ditch line. Open patches of ditch at southern end, otherwise completely shaded and inaccessible. Trees are present in hedge at northern end (4m tall, 3m wide) otherwise 1.5 x 3m.

Ulmus sp. Elm species F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Malus pumila Apple R Phragmites australis Reed R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix caprea Goat Willow R

Target Note 249 Low, managed hedge (1.5m high x 2m) over ditch. Ditch is completely shaded and inaccessible.



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage D Hedera helix Ivy O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 250 Improved grassland field with a small area of orchard in the south. Orchard contains 2 semi-mature fruit trees and 4 young planted fruit tree saplings. An owl box is present in one tree and is used by little owl (observed). Land owner stated that other owl boxes on their land are used by barn owl and kestrel.

Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Malus pumila Apple F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Bellis perennis Daisy O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R

Target Note 251 Species-poor hedge with shaded ditch beneath. Buzzard observed over field. Occasional trees present in northern section of hedge.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 252 Hawthorn dominated species-poor hedge with shaded, inaccessible ditch beneath. Hedge height ranges from 2-4m.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Phragmites australis Reed R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Salix caprea Goat Willow R

Target Note 253 Open ditch, reed dominated with much duckweed. Some young hawthorn saplings and bramble present on edge.

Phragmites australis Reed D Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O



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Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Bellis perennis Daisy R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Salix caprea Goat Willow R

Target Note 254 Ditchline with species-poor hedge on east side, with hedge present on both sides towards the northern end. Hedge is 4.5m tall with some trees apart from 15m low bramble section in middle.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O

Target Note 255 Species-poor hedge with heavilly shaded ditch beneath. Hedge is 4-5m tall and overgrown. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Urtica dioica Nettle F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 256 Species-poor hedge with trees along ditch. Hedge is defunct in places and outgrown. Urtica dioica Nettle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R

Target Note 257 Ditchline with short section of patchy hedge with trees to west. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O



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Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O

Target Note 258 Wide drain (2.5m) with species-poor hedge (4m tall) on west bank. Little vegetation in drain. Small earth bund (1m tall) on east bank, 3m from drain.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 259 Open ditch with very little aquatic vegetation. Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O

Target Note 260 Short elm hedge over mostly heavily shaded ditch. Ditch is more open to south Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Ulmus procera English Elm A Galium aparine Cleavers F Phragmites australis Reed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Salix caprea Goat Willow R

Target Note 261 Species-poor hedge on southern bank of ditch on Back Lane. Ditch well vegetated along north bank. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Juncus effusus Soft Rush A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Hedera helix Ivy F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bitter-cress O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Salix species Willow species O

Target Note 262 Ditch with species-poor hedge on east bank. Hedge is managed to 1.5m tall. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A



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Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Hedera helix Ivy F Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix species Willow species O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 263 Ditch with defunct species-poor hedge on south bank. Hedge is patchy and overgrown, 1-4m high and 2m wide. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Phragmites australis Reed F Urtica dioica Nettle F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R

Target Note 264 Ditch with defunct hedge on east bank. Hedge is 2m tall x 2.5 - 3m wide. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phragmites australis Reed F Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Salix species Willow species R

Target Note 265 Ditch with species-poor hedge on south side. Hedge is 2m tall, 1.5m wide. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix species Willow species F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Sambucus nigra Elder R Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R

Target Note 266 Ditch completely shaded by species-poor hedge growing on both banks. Hedge is 1.5m tall, 2.5m



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wide and flailed shorter on east side.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Ulmus sp. Elm species F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Primula veris Cowslip R

Target Note 267 Species-poor, low flailed hedge (1m tall) on southeast bank of ditch. A 3m strip of marshy vegetation is present on northwest bank of ditch.

Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Juncus effusus Soft Rush A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Bellis perennis Daisy O Hedera helix Ivy O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bitter-cress R Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Galium aparine Cleavers R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Salix species Willow species R

Target Note 268 Tall (4m), species-poor hedge with shallow shaded ditch beneath (dry in places) . Occasional trees are present in the hedge.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Phragmites australis Reed R Vicia sp. Vetch species R



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Target Note 269 Horse-grazed field/poor semi-improved grassland (fenced to create a number of paddocks), immediately south of Northwick Road. Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium repens White Clover O Bellis perennis Daisy R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot R Persicaria maculosa Redshank R Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain R Plantago major Greater Plantain R Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup R Urtica dioica Nettle R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 270 Species-poor hedge with some small gaps and a wet ditch beneath. The hedge is up to 4m tall in places and not regularly managed. Ditch is largely shaded.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Urtica dioica Nettle F Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 271 Species-poor hedge (largely managed to 1.5m, bar northern end where it reaches 4m) with shaded wet ditch beneath.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Phragmites australis Reed R Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 272



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Nothwick Rhyne - aquatic, marginal and bankside vegetation. A thin strip of poor-modified neutral grassland and a mix of tall ruderal herbs is present on bank tops.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phragmites australis Reed A Aegopodium podagraria Ground-elder F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Galium aparine Cleavers F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Lamium purpureum Red Deadnettle O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Trifolium repens White Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Alchemilla species Lady's-mantle species R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Digitalis purpurea Foxglove R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 273 Open ditch along Harp Road, with some scattered scrub present on the banks. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife F Phragmites australis Reed F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Silene dioica Red Campion O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Lysimachia nummularia Creeping Jenny R Lysimachia vulgaris Yellow Loosestrife R Viburnum opulus Guelder-rose R

Target Note 274 Species-poor hedgerows and associated ditches between Back Lane and Mark Causeway. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phragmites australis Reed F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Ulmus procera English Elm F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lysimachia vulgaris Yellow Loosestrife O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Salix alba White Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Humulus lupulus Hop R Populus tremula Aspen R

Target Note 275 Species-poor hedge and ditch along Yardwall Road. Hedge becomes defunct to the south. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Achillea millefolium Yarrow F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Phleum pratense Timothy F Phragmites australis Reed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F



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Salix alba White Willow F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lapsana communis Nipplewort O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Trifolium repens White Clover O

Target Note 276 Species poor semi-improved grassland. Partly short grazed (between gate and field) by horses. The remainder of the grassmand is slightly longer and contains some plant species characteristics of wetter areas. Tall ruderal vegetation (willowherb species) is present at edges.

Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Trifolium repens White Clover F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Epilobium sp. Willowherb species O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Urtica dioica Nettle O Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 277 Wide ditch (3m) along Harp Road. A defunct species-poor hedge with trees is present on the west Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Urtica dioica Nettle F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hedera helix Ivy O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Achillea millefolium Yarrow R Taxus baccata Yew R Ulmus sp. Elm species R

Target Note 278 Semi-improved grassland. Main area is fairly long and hasn't been grazed for some time. Edge of



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field is grazed by horses and geese.

Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Phleum pratense Timothy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Trifolium repens White Clover O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Geranium pratense Meadow Cranesbill R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Potentilla anserina Silverweed R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R

Target Note 279 Tall, unmanaged, species-poor hedge 3-4m tall and 3m wide. Ditch adjacent. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Phragmites australis Reed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R

Target Note 280 Ditch with dense reed. Some patches of scrub and trees along edge. Phragmites australis Reed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle F Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Salix alba White Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 281 Small wooded area at back of farm (backs onto a garden). Ditch present on field side. Hedera helix Ivy A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Alnus glutinosa Alder F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Epilobium sp. Willowherb species O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Urtica dioica Nettle O



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Corylus avellana Hazel R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 282 Tall (4m), species-poor hedge with heavily shaded ditch beneath. Hedge only covers 75% of the field boundary, leaving an open secion of ditch in the east. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Hedera helix Ivy O Phragmites australis Reed O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Urtica dioica Nettle O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 283 Short, species-poor hedge along ditchline. Ditch is shaded but well vegetated.

Target Note 284 Drains and species-poor hedge with trees along Back Lane. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed A Salix fragilis Crack Willow A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O

Target Note 285 Semi-improved grassland fields.



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Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Plantago major Greater Plantain F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's-purse O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Phleum pratense Timothy O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Sagina procumbens Procumbent Pearlwort O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 286 Drain and species-poor hedge (2m tall) along west side of Harp Road. Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Ulmus sp. Elm species F Urtica dioica Nettle F Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Corylus avellana Hazel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hieracium sp. Hawkweed species O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O



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Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Centaurea nigra Knapweed R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 287 Species-poor hedges and ditches surrounding semi-improved field north of Back Lane. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Fogbit F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Sanguisorba officinalis Great Burnet F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherb O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Schedonorus giganteus Giant Fescue O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 288 Area shown on the OS map as a pond, looked to be in the process of being infilled during the time of survey. Target Note 289 Ditch which runs adjacent to Northwich Road to the corner of Vole Rd. Open with occasional strands of reed and a small section of defunct hedge along the east end.

Phragmites australis Reed A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Epilobium montanum Broad-leaved Willowherb F



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Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Urtica dioica Nettle F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Primula veris Cowslip R Salix caprea Goat Willow R

Target Note 290 Ditchline with defunct species-poor hedge on northern bank. Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose D Phragmites australis Reed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix caprea Goat Willow F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Primula veris Cowslip R

Target Note 291 Ditch heavily shaded by species-poor hedge along much of its length. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Urtica dioica Nettle F Bellis perennis Daisy O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 292 Short managed, species-poor hedge. 1.5m high with shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phragmites australis Reed F



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Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O

Target Note 293 L-shaped poor semi-improved field enclosed by ditches and hedge. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Bellis perennis Daisy A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Stellaria media Chickweed R

Target Note 294 Short section of species-poor hedge (1.5m tall) with ditch adjacent. There is also a section of unhedged ditch were reed dominates.

Phragmites australis Reed D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers F Urtica dioica Nettle F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O

Target Note 295 Tall, unmanaged species-poor hedge (3-4m high) with shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Phragmites australis Reed O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R

Target Note 296 Improved grassland field bounded by dicthes and hedges. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Bellis perennis Daisy F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium sp. F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail R

Target Note 297 Tall, unmanaged species-poor hedge, with ditch adjacent. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed F



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Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R

Target Note 298 Field of improved grassland. Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Trifolium repens White Clover A Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F

Target Note 299 Ditch with scattered scrub and a small section of species-poor hedge at the north end. Phragmites australis Reed A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Urtica dioica Nettle F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 300 Open ditch with occasional scattered scrub and trees. Phragmites australis Reed A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Bellis perennis Daisy O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 301 Species-poor hedge forming the northern boundary of a thin strip of improved grassland (possibly an old droving track). Hedge is 3-4m high, 3m wide at base. A wet ditch is beneath.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Primula veris Cowslip O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O



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Urtica dioica Nettle O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R

Target Note 302 Short section of species-poor hedge along Vole Road. With frequent pollarded trees cut to approximately 3m.

Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 303 Open ditch alongside Vole Road, short section of ivy hedge at corner of road opposite Wellfield Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phragmites australis Reed F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Cladophora sp. Blanketweed O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Hedera helix Ivy R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Primula veris Cowslip R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 304 Open ditch along east side of Vole Road. Phragmites australis Reed D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Galium aparine Cleavers A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F



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Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hieracium umbellatum Hawkweed species O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O

Target Note 305 Poor semi-improved grassland fields adjacent to Vole Road. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O

Target Note 306 Ditch along west side of Vole Road. Stretches of the ditch are bordered by species-poor hedge. Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw D Phragmites australis Reed D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass A Salix species Willow species A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phleum pratense Timothy F



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Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hieracium umbellatum Hawkweed species O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O Persicaria hydropiper Water-pepper O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Acer campestre Field Maple R Hedera helix Ivy R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R Symphytum x uplandicum Russian Comfrey R

Target Note 307 Improved grassland fields west of Vole Road, tall ruderal herbs occasionally occur amogst these fields.

Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Silaum silaus Pepper-saxifrage O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O

Target Note 308 Species-poor hedgerows and associated ditches (with similar species composition) west of Vole Road. Not all species are found in each individual hedge. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Galium aparine Cleavers A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phragmites australis Reed A Urtica dioica Nettle A



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Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phleum pratense Timothy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Acer campestre Field Maple O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix alba White Willow O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Torilis japonica Upright Hedge-parsley O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 309 Line of mature white willow (some ivy clad) trees with a defunct hawthorn hedge adjacent.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Salix alba White Willow A

Target Note 310 Improved grassland fields. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O

Target Note 311 Species-poor hedge forming the southern boundary of a thin strip of improved grassland (possibly an old droving track). Hedge is 1.5m high, 3m wide at base. A wet ditch is beneath.

Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix caprea Goat Willow F Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Primula veris Cowslip R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 312 Ditchline with defunct species-poor hedge along one side. Hedge sides have been flailed but have



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been allowed to grow tall (4m). One area of ditch has been dug to form a watering hole. This area has a less dense covering of reed.

Phragmites australis Reed D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Urtica dioica Nettle O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species R Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species R Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R

Target Note 313 Tall species-poor hedge (5m) with flailed sides. A shaded and inaccessible ditch is present beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Primula veris Cowslip O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Lemna sp. Duckweed species R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Conium maculatum Hemlock R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Phragmites australis Reed R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 314 Defunct species-poor hedge (4m tall) with flailed sides. A dry ditch is present along eastern half, with the western half containing a largely shaded, shallow wet ditch.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 315 Open ditchline with reed dominant. There is a single crack willow at the southern end of this section of ditch. Phragmites australis Reed D



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Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Lemna sp. Duckweed species R Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Primula veris Cowslip R Rosa arvensis Field Rose R Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R

Target Note 316 Reed dominated open ditch. Phragmites australis Reed D Urtica dioica Nettle F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Carex sp. Sedge species R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed R Mentha aquatica Water Mint R Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species R Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R

Target Note 317 Ditchline with a largely intact section of species-poor hedge with some scattered crack willow trees. At the east end of the ditch is a small widely dug section with reed and duckweed abundant. Hedge is tall (4m) with flailed sides. Ditch has a dry middle section.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Ulmus procera English Elm O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Primula veris Cowslip R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 318 Ditchline with some sections of species-poor hedge and trees. Hedge is tall (4m) with flailed sides. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed A Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O



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Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Carex sp. Sedge species R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 319 Low flailed species-poor hedge with shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Phragmites australis Reed O Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 320 Short section of ditch with low (not recently managed) species-poor hedge. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Primula veris Cowslip R

Target Note 321 Section of ditch with hedge (species-poor, 4m tall with flailed sides) along majority of length. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species R

Target Note 322 Poor semi-improved field Lolium perenne Ryegrass A



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Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Festuca rubra Red Fescue R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 323 Species-poor hedge 3m tall and flailed sides. Largely dry ditch beneath (some wet sections). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 324 Improved grassland field north of Northwick road. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion A Trifolium repens White Clover A Bellis perennis Daisy F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Stellaria media Chickweed O Festuca rubra Red Fescue R

Target Note 325 Species-poor hedge (2m tall) and ditch. Ditch open on the east side. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F



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Urtica dioica Nettle F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Phragmites australis Reed O Bellis perennis Daisy R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R

Target Note 326 Ditch with species-poor hedge and trees along Northwick Road. There is a point where 3 ditches connect to form a pool.

Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Phragmites australis Reed F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Epilobium montanum Broad-leaved Willowherb O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R

Target Note 327 Poor semi-improved grassland fields west of Wellfield Farm. Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium repens White Clover F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Bellis perennis Daisy O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Linaria purpurea Purple Toadlax R Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Plantago major Greater Plantain R Urtica dioica Nettle R



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Target Note 328 Ditch lines bordering the southern end of Vole Road with occasional scattered scrub and trees. Stretches of species-poor hedges are also present at the south end.

Phragmites australis Reed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Hedera helix Ivy F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Populus sp. Poplar species O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Lysimachia vulgaris Yellow Loosestrife R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 329 Species-poor hedges (with occasional trees) and ditches bordering the fields west of Wellfield Farm. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Hedera helix Ivy F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Lysimachia vulgaris Yellow Loosestrife O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix alba White Willow O



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Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus procera English Elm O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R

Target Note 330 Semi-improved grassland fields (long grass) south of Wellfield farm. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dipsacus fullonum Teasel F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Urtica dioica Nettle F Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort R

Target Note 331 Small pond in south west corner of improved grassland field.

Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Phragmites australis Reed A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cardamine amara Large Bitter-cress F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 332 Area with scattered hawthorn and bramble scrub and tall ruderal herbs around farm buildings.

Target Note 333 Semi-improved grassland field Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Trifolium repens White Clover A



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Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Schedonorus pratensis Meadow Fescue F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O

Target Note 334 Boundary features bordering semi-improved grassland fields (species-poor hedgerows and ditches). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Hedera helix Ivy A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Phragmites australis Reed F Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phleum pratense Timothy O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R

Target Note 335 Hedge along northern edge of Northwick Road with shaded ditch. Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Urtica dioica Nettle O Achillea millefolium Yarrow R Chelidonium majus Greater Celandine R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 336 Wet ditch along hedgeline (ditch shaded by hedge). There is one open area of ditch at the southern end, reed and duckweed are dominant in this area. Target Note 337 Wet ditch with adjacent defunct species-poor hedge (well managed, hawthorn dominated). Ditch looks to have been reletively recently cleared of silt build up and vegetaion, with section of algal

Algal mat Algal mat F Phragmites australis Reed O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R

Target Note 338 Species-poor hedge along Mark Yeo with wet ditch beneath. Hedge is on west side of Pill row wall footpath, a grassed footpath. Hedge is defunct in places.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Ulmus procera English Elm F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Vicia sp. Vetch species O Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Primula veris Cowslip R

Target Note 339 Ditchline with recently cleared bankside and a species-poor, low flailed hedge on one side. Ditch becomes dry at southern end.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Ulmus procera English Elm A Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O



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Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Primula veris Cowslip R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Sambucus nigra Elder

Target Note 340 Low flailed species-poor hedge with ditch beneath. Very short section of open ditch is present at southern end.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Lemna sp. Duckweed species R Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Primula veris Cowslip R Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 341 Ditchline with low (1.5m) flailed hedge long its length, with some stretches of open ditch. One area of ditch has been dug to create relatively large pool-like feature. Greater reedmace, duckweed and hard rush are abundant here.

Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Ulmus procera English Elm A Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Primula veris Cowslip R Ranunculus aquatilis Common Water-crowfoot R



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Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Salix species Willow species R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 342 Species-poor hedge, tall (5m) with flailed sides. Ditch present, often not hedged on both banks allowing some aquatic vegetation to grow.

Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Ulmus procera English Elm A Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Hedera helix Ivy F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Galium aparine Cleavers O Populus alba White Poplar O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Carex sp. Sedge species R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R Stellaria media Chickweed R

Target Note 343 Tall (4m) species-poor hedge with shaded ditch beneath. Sides have been flailed. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Acer campestre Field Maple R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 344 Section of species poor hedge and trees with wet ditch along Vole Road. Hedge is defunct and flailed low in places.

Ulmus procera English Elm A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Phragmites australis Reed F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Populus alba White Poplar O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Medicago lupulina Black Medick R Primula veris Cowslip R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R



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Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 345 Drain, 3-4m wide. Heron feeding at edge. Grassy banks on either side (0.5 - 1m high). Blanket weed and duckweed in places.

Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Phragmites australis Reed O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R Senecio vulgaris Groundsel R

Target Note 346 Defunct, short (1m tall) hawthorn hedge along south bank of drain. Drain is 2m wide. Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O

Target Note 347 Hawthorn dominated species-poor hedge (4m wide x 1m tall) with shaded ditch below. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Galium aparine Cleavers F Urtica dioica Nettle F Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Bellis perennis Daisy R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R

Target Note 348 Blackthorn dominated species-poor hedge (1m tall, 0.5m wide) with adjacent ditch. Duckweed is frequent within the drain.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Hedera helix Ivy A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R

Target Note 349 Hawthorn and blacxkthorn in hedge over ditch. Ditch opens out into wider pool area (10x5m ), reed is frequent.

Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Bellis perennis Daisy O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O



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Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 350 Thin species-poor hedge with adjacent ditch (0.3m wide, 1m tall). Reed is abundant within the drain. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R

Target Note 351 Species-poor hedge and ditch similar to the hedge and ditch connected to the south. However, this hedge contains a young ash tree.

Target Note 352 Tall species-poor hedge (5m tall, 2.5 m wide). Shaded ditch (1m wide) is below. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 353 Open ditch with few patches of hawthorn scrub. At the western end the ditch opens out into a pool 12m by 10m with reed sweet-grass, reed and lesser pond sedge at edges. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Phragmites australis Reed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R

Target Note 354 Ditch with tall species-poor hedge along north bank. Hedge is 5m tall and 3-4m wide. Hedge is growing out over ditch for much of length.

Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O



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Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R

Target Note 355 Section of ditch with low hedge along length. 1-2m tall, 2m wide. Hedge is defunct and patchy to eastern end.

Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Festuca rubra Red Fescue R Galium aparine Cleavers R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Primula veris Cowslip R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Ulmus sp. Elm species R

Target Note 356 Section of open ditch with dominant reed. Phragmites australis Reed A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Bellis perennis Daisy R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Primula veris Cowslip R

Target Note 357 Species-poor hedgerows and associated ditches with similar species compositions in this part of the study area.

Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phragmites australis Reed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Salix alba White Willow O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 358 Poor semi-improved grasslands west of Mark Yeo. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Medicago lupulina Black Medick F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O



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Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O

Target Note 359 Open ditch along footpath. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass A Phragmites australis Reed A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Urtica dioica Nettle F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 360 Improved grassland fields. Appear recently seeded. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Phleum pratense Timothy F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O

Target Note 361 Species-poor hedgerows (some defunct) with associated ditches around improved grasslands. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Phragmites australis Reed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F



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Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Trifolium repens White Clover O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 362 Small garden pond at Vole House. Surrounded by amenity grassland. Not stocked with fish. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherb O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O

Target Note 363 Species-poor hedge and wet ditch along road by Vole House. Hedge is low (1m tall and flailed). Hedge is not present at north end of field. There is also a pooled section of ditch surrounded by a band of hard rush with the hedge along the west side.

Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Phragmites australis Reed F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Narcissus cvr. Narcissus cultivar R

Target Note 364



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Wet ditch with small sections of defunct hedge adjacent. Banks are cattle poached. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Salix species Willow species R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 365 Improved grassland field east of Mark Yeo. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Bellis perennis Daisy R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R

Target Note 366 Low flailed hedge (1-1.5m tall) with ditch beneath. Hedge is species-poor and has some small gaps. Ditch is cattle poached in these gaps.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Veronica beccabunga Brooklime O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R

Target Note 367 Marginal and aquatic species associated with Mark Yeo. Clear water with gentle southerly flow. The bank is dominated by rank grass and tall ruderal (species-poor mix).

Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Elodea sp. Pondweed Species F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Phragmites australis Reed F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O



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Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Brassica rapa Wild Turnip R Veronica beccabunga Brooklime R

Target Note 368 Tall, outgrown species-poor hedge. Sides have been flailed with shallow wet ditch adjacent. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Hedera helix Ivy F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Rosa sp. Rose species R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 369 Species-poor hedge (4m tall) with shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Achillea millefolium Yarrow R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 370 Ditch line with defunct hedge (species- poor, 3m tall and flailed). Ditch banks are cattle poached. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge R



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Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 371 Species-poor hedge, tall (3-4m) with flailed sides and shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup R

Target Note 372 Species-poor hedge 2-3m tall and unmanaged. Shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Lemna minor Common Duckweed R

Target Note 373 Linear mounds of earth (possibly discarded ditch dredgings) with some marsh, ephemeral and tall ruderal species now growing. Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Epilobium sp. Willowherb species F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Moss sp. Moss species F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species F Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Galium aparine Cleavers O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R

Target Note 374 Stretch of open ditch along Vole Road. Managed, short cut bank vegetation. No hedge and limited marginal aquatic species. Poached bank on field edge.

Target Note 375 Improved grassland field. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F



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Trifolium repens White Clover F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Bellis perennis Daisy O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Plantago major Greater Plantain R Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass R

Target Note 376 Defunct hawthorn hedge (2m tall) along ditchline (1m wide). Ditch is fairly open with cattle poached at edges. The ditch opens out into a pool at the join of 4 ditches.

Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Bellis perennis Daisy O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Galium aparine Cleavers O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 377 Open ditch which widens to 2.5m in the mid section. At the eastern end is a crack willow with many lateral splits.

Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass D Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R

Target Note 378 Patchy hedge bordering a small field at edge of farm. Part of hedge contains a number of crack willow trees. Ditch runs along base of hedge and widens to form heavily shaded pool. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O

Target Note 379 Wide species-poor hedge (2m tall x 4m wide) with mostly shaded ditch below. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Urtica dioica Nettle F Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O



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Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Epilobium sp. Willowherb species R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Phragmites australis Reed R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 380 Unmanaged, overgrown species-poor hedge with trees with ditch beneath. Ditch is very thin (0.5m), shallow and completely shaded. Hedge is 5m tall and 3m wide.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Urtica dioica Nettle A Hedera helix Ivy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 381 Extremely polluted wide drain (5m). Coated in a thick layer of slurry. Alongside drain is track and 2m high bund covered in tall ruderal vegetation. To the west is a line of scattered bramble and nettle.

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Galium aparine Cleavers F Brassica rapa Wild Turnip O

Target Note 382 Species-poor hedge along ditch (2m tall x2m wide). Ditch seems polluted by slurry. Hedge is only on west bank of ditch.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Phragmites australis Reed R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R

Target Note 383 Tall species-poor hedge (5m x 3m) with flailed sides. A completely shaded ditch is beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R



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Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 384 Wide, open, unshaded ditch (1-2m wide).

Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Bellis perennis Daisy O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Primula veris Cowslip O Urtica dioica Nettle O Lemna sp. Duckweed species R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Epilobium sp. Willowherb species R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Phragmites australis Reed R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R

Target Note 385 Wide species-poor hedge (2m tall x 4m wide) completely shading 2m wide ditch. Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Galium aparine Cleavers F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Primula veris Cowslip R

Target Note 386 Tall species-poor hedge (5m tall x 3m wide) with shaded ditch beneath. There are a couple of gaps in the hedge where some aquatic vegeation is present in the ditch.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R

Target Note 387



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Ditch with a species-poor hedge oalong the north bank at the eastern end. At western end ditch is open. Ditch opens out into pool with mute swan nest midway along length (pool is 5x5m).

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Phragmites australis Reed R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 388 Tall, flailed species-poor hedge (5m tall x2m wide). Contains a short line of crack willow trees at southern end. A shaded ditch is adjacent, although it becomes more open to the north.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 389 Species-poor hedge (1.5m tall x 2m wide) along Vole Road. Ditch below is completely shaded. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Galium aparine Cleavers O

Target Note 390 Species-poor hedges and ditches along roadside west of Chestnut Farm. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Salix species Willow species A Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F



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Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Trifolium repens White Clover F Hieracium umbellatum Hawkweed species O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O

Target Note 391 Similar fields of semi-improved grassland in this section of the study area. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Schedonorus pratensis Meadow Fescue F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O

Target Note 392 Poor semi-improved grassland. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F



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Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail R

Target Note 393 Similar species-poor hedgerows and associated ditches in this section of the study area. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Phragmites australis Reed A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix alba White Willow O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 394 Sections of species-poor hedge and ditch west and north of Nut Tree Farm buildings. There are periodic stretches of open ditch where aquatic/marginal species are more frequent.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Epilobium sp. Willowherb species F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phragmites australis Reed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F



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Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Conyza canadensis Canadian Fleabane O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Nasturtium officinale Watercress R

Target Note 395 Ditchlines and associted trees and defunct species-poor hedge south of Nut Tree Farm buildings. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium sp. Willowherb species F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Ulmus procera English Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Lysimachia nummularia Creeping Jenny O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix species Willow species O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R

Target Note 396 Ditch along Pill Road. Short pollarded carck willow ar eastern end. Hawthorn hedge (gappy and defunct to east) along ditch. Ditch is covered in duckweed with border of hard rush at edge of field.



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Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phragmites australis Reed F Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R

Target Note 397 Short hedge (1.5m tall, 1m wide), species-poor and hawthorn dominated with dtch at base. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Salix species Willow species R

Target Note 398 Tall species-poor hedge (4m tall) with shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Cupressocyparis leylandii Leyland Cypress R Ligustrum ovalifolium Garden Privet R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 399 Species-poor hedge with shaded ditch beneath. Reed is occasionally present wihin the ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 400 Ditch (1.5-2m wide) with dominant duckweed. A species-poor partly defunct hedge is present along the northern bank. Blackthorn is the dominant hedge species.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phragmites australis Reed F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R

Target Note 401 Quite open drain with species-poor hedge along part of length. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Hedera helix Ivy F



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Cruciata laevipes Crosswort O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Veronica beccabunga Brooklime O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge R Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail R

Target Note 402 Open ditch with occasional patches of hawthorn scrub along it. Phragmites australis Reed A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed F Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Juncus effusus Soft Rush R

Target Note 403 Species-poor hedge with adjacent ditch. Ditch has similar mix of species as found in the open section of ditch connected to the south. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O

Target Note 404 Ditch with defunct species-poor hedge along north side. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail R

Target Note 405 Open ditch with some patches of hawthorn scrub along east end. Tall blackthorn dominated hedge (5m tall, 1m wide) is present along mid section of the ditch. Open stretch of water at southern end of ditch.

Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R

Target Note 406 Section of wet ditch at the northern end of Pillow Wall (track), with species-poor hedge and trees.



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Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species O

Target Note 407 Improved grassland field with visible linear depressions visible (likely to be former drainage ditches). Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Bellis perennis Daisy O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Cardamine sp. Bitter-cress Species R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 408 Species-poor hedge (4m tall with flailed sides) with shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Hedera helix Ivy F Galium aparine Cleavers O Primula veris Cowslip O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Achillea millefolium Yarrow R Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 409 Species-poor hedge (4m flailed sides) with shaded wet ditch beneth. There are some sections where the ditch is not hedged on both sides and aquatic vegetation is present. The ditch bank is often poached in these places.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Hedera helix Ivy F Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Primula veris Cowslip O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O



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Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 410 Wet ditch with defunct species-poor hedge (3m flailed sides). Ditch has been extended at junction to form a cattle watering hole. This area has a rush and floating sweet-grass margin.

Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 411 Species-poor hedge, one half is flailed low and the other has been allowed to grow to 3m creating a stepped effect along the length of the hedge. A shallow, shaded ditch lies beneath.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Urtica dioica Nettle A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 412 Species-poor hedge, some sections flailed low (1.5m) and other sections only sides are flailed and hedge is tall (4m). There is a shaded wet ditch beneath.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R



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Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Malus pumila Apple R Phragmites australis Reed R Primula veris Cowslip R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 413 Ditch along south side of Pill road, with occsional scattered scrub and tree species. Ditch becomes less species diverse to the west.

Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower F Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Hottonia palustris Water-violet O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Mentha aquatica Water Mint O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Epilobium sp. Willowherb species R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 414 Open ditch along Pill Road. Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Galium aparine Cleavers A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phragmites australis Reed A Urtica dioica Nettle A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Potentilla anserina Silverweed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O



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Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 415 Semi-Improved grassland fields north of Pilrow Farm. Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Bellis perennis Daisy O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O

Target Note 416 Species-poor hedgerows and ditches surrounding grasslands north of Pilrow Farm. Aegopodium podagraria Ground-elder D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phragmites australis Reed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Vicia sepium Bush Vetch F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O



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Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix alba White Willow O Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O Stellaria media Chickweed O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Populus sp. Poplar species R

Target Note 417 Semi-improved grasslands south of Pill Road. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's-purse R Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass R Schedonorus arundinaceus Tall Fescue R

Target Note 418 Species-poor hedgerows and ditches around semi-improved grasslands south of Pill Road. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F



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Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Phleum pratense Timothy F Phragmites australis Reed F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Stachys palustris Marsh Woundwort F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Hedera helix Ivy O Juglans regia Walnut O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Populus sp. Poplar species O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort R Circaea lutetiana Enchanter's Nightshade R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Ribes nigrum Blackcurrant R Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort R

Target Note 419 Two species-poor hedges running parallel to each other, 10m apart. Both hedges have wet ditches. The ditches are almost completely shaded.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Galium aparine Cleavers F Urtica dioica Nettle F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O

Target Note 420 Species-poor hedge defunct in places with ditch beneath. Dominant hedge species include



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hawthorn, blackthorn with ivy, nettle, cleavers, bramble. The hedge has been allowed to grow tall in some sections. Species present in the ditch are listed only.

Phragmites australis Reed A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Nasturtium officinale Watercress R

Target Note 421 Species-poor, defunct hedge which is unmanaged in places. It ranges from up to 5m to 2m in height. There is a wet ditch beneath. Open areas of ditch have heavily poached banks.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Epilobium sp. Willowherb species R Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species R Primula veris Cowslip R Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R Veronica beccabunga Brooklime R

Target Note 422 Wet ditch with some sections of defunct hedge. Phragmites australis Reed A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed F Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species R Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw R Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species R

Target Note 423 Species-poor hedge, tall in places, with ditch (largely shaded) beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Phragmites australis Reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 424 Improved grassland field with some marshy linear features along former drainage routes.



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Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Bellis perennis Daisy R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass R

Target Note 425 Species-poor hedge and ditch, the majority of the ditch is shaded by the hedge. Aaccesible ditch edges are cattle poached. Hedge is frequently managed and tall in some places.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R

Target Note 426 Semi-improved grassland. Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Trifolium repens White Clover F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O



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Target Note 427 Ditchlines with species-poor hedgerows (defunct in places) and associated ditches. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O

Target Note 428 Shallow open ditch. Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phleum pratense Timothy O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Juncus effusus Soft Rush R

Target Note 429 Short hawthorn hedge over ditch. Hedge is1m tall by 2.5m wide and completely shades ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bitter-cress R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R

Target Note 430 Species-poor, predominantly defunct hedge along largely open ditch. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F



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Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phragmites australis Reed F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Hedera helix Ivy R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R

Target Note 431 Ditch with tall species-poor hedge and trees. Hedge is 4.5m tall, 2m wide. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R

Target Note 432 Species-poor defunct hedge on west bank of drain. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R

Target Note 433 Species-poor hedge on south bank of wide drain (3m). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Hedera helix Ivy O Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R

Target Note 434 Short section of tall species-poor hedge (4m tall) containing 2 crack willow trees. Ditch generally Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O



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Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bitter-cress R

Target Note 435 Recently flailed defunct species-poor hedge of various heights (3-4m). Ditch is quite open especially where hedge ends at a junction with another ditch in west.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 436 Stretch of open ditch. Phragmites australis Reed D Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 437 Specieis-poor hedge 1m tall x 2.5m wide over wet ditch (very shaded). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Urtica dioica Nettle F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 438 Species-poor defunct hedge along quite open ditch. Recently dredged. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ulmus procera English Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Malus pumila Apple O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R



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Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 439 Improved grassland field with patches of cuckoo flower. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog D Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower F Bellis perennis Daisy O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R

Target Note 440 Unmanaged species-poor hedge (defunct in places) on west bank of quite open and unvegetated drain. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Ulmus procera English Elm A Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Populus tremula Aspen R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 441 Species-poor hedge over ditch with a few very short sections only 1m high. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R

Target Note 442 Species-poor hedge flailed on east side and unmanaged on west. Heavilly shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 443



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Species-poor defunct hawthorn hedge over wide open drain (2-3m). Alga sp. Algal species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bitter-cress O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R

Target Note 444 Section of species-poor hedge along one side of a ditch. The hedge is flailed to 2m tall, there is also a short gap in the hedge. Little aquatic vegetation present in ditch.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Lemna sp. Duckweed species R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Primula veris Cowslip R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 445 Ditchline along Pill Road with low flailed defunct, species-poor hedge along it. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley A Phragmites australis Reed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species R Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 446 Ditchline with sections of hedge and trees along it, some sections are flailed low and others have grown tall (4m). Ditch is along the west side off Pill Rd, east of Vole.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Phragmites australis Reed F



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Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 447 Ditchline with species-poor low flailed hedge adjacent to Pill Road, east of Vole. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed A Alga sp. Algal species F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Urtica dioica Nettle O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R

Target Note 448 Ditchline, largely open but with some defunct hedge and a single ash tree at the west end. Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R

Target Note 449 Ditchline along Vole Road east of Old Vole farm with some occasional sections of species-poor hedge. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O



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Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Mentha aquatica Water Mint O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 450 Semi-improved grassland fields with similar species composition north of Vole. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Schedonorus pratensis Meadow Fescue F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Plantago major Greater Plantain O

Target Note 451 Species-poor hedgerows and associated ditches with similar species composition, north of Vole Road. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A



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Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phragmites australis Reed A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rosa arvensis Field Rose O

Target Note 452 Open ditchline. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Urtica dioica Nettle F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Persicaria hydropiper Water-pepper O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup O



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Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Veronica catenata Pink Water-speedwell O

Target Note 453 Semi-improved grassland fields north of Vole Road. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 454 Hedgerows and associated ditches along field boundaries North of Vole Road. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Geranium molle Dove's-foot Cranesbill O Geranium pyrenaicum Hedgerow Cranesbill O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O



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Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 455 Band of tall ruderal vegetation between Mark Yeo and arable field. Urtica dioica Nettle D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Brassica rapa Wild Turnip F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium repens White Clover O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Lamium purpureum Red Deadnettle R Plantago major Greater Plantain R Senecio vulgaris Groundsel R

Target Note 456 Species-poor hedge and ditch - hedge has grown tall and is not regularly managed. The ditch is largely shaded bar some areas where there are small gaps in the hedge. Ditch is dry in one short section (still damp).

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 457



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Poor semi-improved grass strip around margins of arable field. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Bellis perennis Daisy R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Moss sp. Moss species R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 458 Western end of ditch with some sections of species-poor managed hedge (4m tall). Ditch is dominated by duckweed and largely unshaded. Banks are cattle poached. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Phragmites australis Reed F Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 459 Wet ditch with defunct species-poor hedge. Ditch forms a pool at confluence with other ditches at most western corner of this section. Heavily poached at this point.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Urtica dioica Nettle O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R

Target Note 460 Stretch of ditch with defunct species-poor hedge. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Phragmites australis Reed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O



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Urtica dioica Nettle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R

Target Note 461 Ditch with species-poor hedge. Hedge is managed (1.5-2m tall). The species mix is the same as that found in adjacent ditches/headgelines. However this section of hedge is more complete and thus shades the ditch, decreasing the frequency of aquatic/marginal plants.

Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Primula veris Cowslip R Salix caprea Goat Willow R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 462 Section of the ditch with defunt species-poor hedge. Hedge has been flailed to 1.5m tall. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species O Phragmites australis Reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 463 Section of ditch with well maintained species-poor hedge adjacent (1.5m high 0.5m wide). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Hedera helix Ivy F Phragmites australis Reed F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 464 Wet ditch along Pill Road. Very shallow in places with 3-5m tall species-poor hedge adjacent along some sections (occasional sections of hedge have been flailed up to 1.5m high). Ditchline dominated by reed where no hedge is present, heavily shaded elsewhere. Hedge is dominated by hawthorn, ditch and ground flora species present are listed below.

Phragmites australis Reed A Alga sp. Algal species F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Galium aparine Cleavers F



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Urtica dioica Nettle F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Achillea millefolium Yarrow R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R

Target Note 465 Stone wall on Pill road, partly surrounding a cattle shed. Lichens occur frequently, as well as moss species. There are also two patches of rusty-back fern growing on the wall.

Target Note 466 Ditchline along Pill Road. With some blackthorn and hawthorn scrub patches. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O

Target Note 467 Species on road verge (Pill Road). Mix of rough grass and tall ruderal herb. Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley D Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Galium aparine Cleavers F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium repens White Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 468 Open ditchline adjacent to Pill Road. Reed, lesser pond sedge and duckweed species are dominant.

Target Note 469 Improved grassland field. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Bellis perennis Daisy O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Rumex crispus Curled Dock R



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Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R

Target Note 470 Species-poor hedge and wet ditch. Hedge is managed tall (4m in places) Ditch is heavily shaded by hedge.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Urtica dioica Nettle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Primula veris Cowslip R Salix cinerea Grey Willow

Target Note 471 Small section of open ditch. Banks poached by cattle. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species R

Target Note 472 Sections of species-poor hedge with ditch beneath in the corner of a large field. Some sections of ditch are only hedged on one side. Hedge is managed but ranges from 2-4m.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Phragmites australis Reed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R

Target Note 473 Ditchline with some defunct sections of specieis-poor hedge. The ditch forms a small pool at its north and south ends where it joins other ditches. Banks are poached.

Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species O Urtica dioica Nettle O



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Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species R Primula veris Cowslip R Ranunculus hederaceus Ivy-leaved Crowfoot R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R

Target Note 474 Species poor hedge, one side is managed and flailed to 1.5m. The other is hot and up to 5m high. A wet ditch is beneath, very shaded.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Phragmites australis Reed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Achillea millefolium Yarrow R

Target Note 475 Open ditchline with poached edges. Phragmites australis Reed D Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Primula veris Cowslip R

Target Note 476 Species-poor well maintained hedge (1.5m tall) shading the ditch along much of its length bar the east end where the hedge becomes defunct.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed A Galium aparine Cleavers F Urtica dioica Nettle F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R

Target Note 477 Tall, species-poor blackthorn dominated hedge (3-4m tall) with much bramble in base. Hedge shades innaccessible ditch. Strip of poor semi-improved grassland along base.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Phragmites australis Reed F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 478 Tall, species-poor hedge (4m tall, 3m wide) with shaded innaccessible ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Urtica dioica Nettle F



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Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R

Target Note 479 Open, thickly vegetated ditch. Reed also spreading into adjacent field. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Phragmites australis Reed A

Target Note 480 Tall, thin and straggly species-poor hedge along ditch. 4m tall, 1-2 m wide. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Urtica dioica Nettle F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R

Target Note 481 Open ditch filled with reed. Occasional hawthorn along edge (remenant of hedge). Phragmites australis Reed A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Primula veris Cowslip R Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle R

Target Note 482 Open ditch partially filled with lesser pond sedge and some reed. Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Phragmites australis Reed O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Hyacinthoides hispanica Spanish Bluebell R Narcissus cvr. Narcissus cultivar R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R

Target Note 483 Eastern end of partly open ditch. With defunct species-poor hedge bordering ditch in places. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Phragmites australis Reed F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O

Target Note 484 Track with species-poor hedge and ditch on both sides. Hedge on north side is thin and patchy, hedge on south side is wider (4m). Both hedges approximately 4m tall.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Carex sp. Sedge species R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 485 Thin strip of improved grassland (likely to be an old droving track) with tall species-poor hedge and a ditch on both sides. Hedges are approximately 4m high.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Trifolium repens White Clover A Bellis perennis Daisy F Hedera helix Ivy F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 486 Thin, species-poor hedge, 3-4m tall (1m wide) along ditch. Blanket weed in ditch. Hedge becomes area of dense scrub at corner- 6m thick. At this point (corner) ditch opens up slightly into wet/marshy area with sedge, reed and rush present.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Hedera helix Ivy F Ulmus sp. Elm species F Bellis perennis Daisy O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O



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Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Urtica dioica Nettle O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R

Target Note 487 Open ditch with partly defunct species-poor hedge along south side. Hedge is 2m tall, 1m wide.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed A Bellis perennis Daisy F Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Urtica dioica Nettle O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R

Target Note 488 Open ditch along side of road. Small swampy, poached area is spreading into adjacent field Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 489 Species-poor hedge surrounding small area of poor semi-improved grassland containing stone cattle shed. Hedge is 1.5m tall by 2m wide. Wet ditch is present below hedge .

Ulmus procera English Elm D Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Sambucus nigra Elder R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R

Target Note 490 Open ditch with scattered hawthorn scrub along its length.



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Phragmites australis Reed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 491 Reed filled ditch with patches of hawthorn scrub along length on both sides - remnant of hedgerow. A pylon is adjacent, east of this the ditch becomes heged on both sides (species-poor). Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Phragmites australis Reed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Urtica dioica Nettle O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R

Target Note 492 Reed filled open ditch. 5m wide improved grass strip along south side of ditch. Phragmites australis Reed D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Urtica dioica Nettle O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R

Target Note 493 Reed filled ditch. Phragmites australis Reed D Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Urtica dioica Nettle F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 494 Open ditch 4m wide along east side of Pill Road. Phragmites australis Reed D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A



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Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead O

Target Note 495 Poor semi-improved grasslands east of Pill Road. Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 496 Species-poor hedgerows and ditches surrounding fields east of Pill Road. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phragmites australis Reed A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago major Greater Plantain F



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Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa arvensis Field Rose F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Torilis japonica Upright Hedge-parsley F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Salix alba White Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 497 Part open ditch along west side of Kingsway. Some sections of species-poor hedge are also present. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip A Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Phragmites australis Reed A Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed A Urtica dioica Nettle A Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Trifolium repens White Clover F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Persicaria hydropiper Water-pepper O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 498 Poor semi-improved grassland fields west of Pill Road. Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F



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Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Trifolium repens White Clover F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil O Phragmites australis Reed R

Target Note 499 Open ditches with similar species compositions west of Pill Road. Phragmites australis Reed D Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Phleum pratense Timothy F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Lemna minor Common Duckweed

Target Note 500 Similar species-poor hedgrows in this section of the survey area. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phragmites australis Reed A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch F Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Salix alba White Willow O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O

Target Note 501



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Shallow ditchlines with defunct species-poor hedge. Hedge becomes intact to east. Poached banks. Hedges are unmanaged and 3m tall.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Phragmites australis Reed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 502 Poor semi-improved grassland field. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Trifolium repens White Clover O Festuca rubra Red Fescue R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 503 Ditchlines with ocassional scattered scrub and short sections of defunct hedge. Ditch has poached banks.

Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R



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Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R

Target Note 504 Species-poor hedge (3m tall) with shaded ditch beneath. East end of hedge is less dense with increased aquatic species growing in ditch at this point.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 505 Damp semi-improved field with many marshy species. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Trifolium repens White Clover O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Lolium perenne Ryegrass R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 506 Ditch, shaded at both ends by hedge. Hedge is species-poor and 4m tall by 1m wide. Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 507 Fairly open ditch with some reed. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F



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Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Urtica dioica Nettle O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R

Target Note 508 Species-poor hedge and ditch. Hedge on north bankonly. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R

Target Note 509 Tall, species-poor hedge on both sides of ditch (4 -5m tall, 2m wide). Large gap in hedge at northern Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Urtica dioica Nettle A Galium aparine Cleavers F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 510 Open ditch. Only partly vegetated at edge with reed.

Dipsacus fullonum Teasel F Phragmites australis Reed F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Lemna sp. Duckweed species R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R

Target Note 511 Tall, outgrown, species-poor hedge (5m tall, 3m wide) over wet ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A



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Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R

Target Note 512 Open ditch with some patches of scrub along edge Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris D Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bitter-cress O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Phragmites australis Reed O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R

Target Note 513 Short species-poor hedge along reed filled ditch. Reed bunting observed in hedge. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R

Target Note 514 Shallow ditch forming a linear swamp like feature. Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Epilobium sp. Willowherb species O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort R Veronica sp. Veronica species R

Target Note 515 Cattle-grazed semi- improved grassland. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A



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Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus bufonius Toad Rush O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Matricaria discoidea Pineapple-weed O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Schedonorus pratensis Meadow Fescue O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R Veronica catenata Pink Water-speedwell R

Target Note 516 Open ditch with dense emergent and marginal vegetation. Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Potentilla anserina Silverweed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O



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Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R

Target Note 517 Hedges and associated ditches with similar species composition, west of Blind Pill Rhyne. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed D Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O

Target Note 518 Semi-improved grassland. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago major Greater Plantain F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Trifolium repens White Clover F Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O



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Target Note 519 Recently re-sown grasslands. Very species poor and improved. Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass D Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Phleum pratense Timothy O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Trifolium repens White Clover O

Target Note 520 Hedges and ditches surrounding arable field east of Blind Pill Rhyne. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Calystegia sp. Bindweed species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Persicaria maculosa Redshank F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rosa arvensis Field Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Trifolium repens White Clover O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Avena fatua Wild Oat R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Salix alba White Willow R Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort R Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle R

Target Note 521 Open ditch along footpath. Galium aparine Cleavers D Phragmites australis Reed D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species A



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Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Urtica dioica Nettle F Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O

Target Note 522 Thin strip of semi-improved grassland (possibly former droving track). More diverse than surrounding garsslands.

Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill D Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Centaurea nigra Knapweed F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Malva sylvestris Common Mallow F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Schedonorus pratensis Meadow Fescue F Trifolium repens White Clover F Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch F Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's-purse O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed O

Target Note 523 Species-poo redgerows and associated ditches running parallel with track. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D



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Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phragmites australis Reed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Salix alba White Willow F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rosa arvensis Field Rose O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 524 Ditchline with some stretches of species-poor hedge (3-4m tall and unmanaged) along its length. Ditch is shallow.

Phragmites australis Reed D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Hedera helix Ivy F Urtica dioica Nettle F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Primula veris Cowslip R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R

Target Note 525 Ditchline with almost complete hedge adjacent (2-3m tall with flailed sides) There is also a band of marshy grassland along south bank between ditch and arable crop.

Phragmites australis Reed D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O



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Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium repens White Clover O Bellis perennis Daisy R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R

Target Note 526 Species-poor hedge (3-4m tall and unmanaged) with shaded ditch beneath. At eastern end of hedge there are two crack willows with tall ruderal herbs underneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O

Target Note 527 Ditch with species-poor hedge. Western end of hedge is flailed to 1.5m. It then continues at about 5m height. At one point the ditch opens out into a pool that contains floating sweet-grass and duckweed. Hedge contains a single crack willow tree.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 528 1.5m tall, flailed species-poor hedge (3m wide) with shaded ditch. Ditch dries in places. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge R Hedera helix Ivy R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Phragmites australis Reed R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 529 Species-poor hedge (4m) with wet ditch shaded beneath. Sides of hedge are flailed.



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Lemna sp. Duckweed species R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Salix caprea Goat Willow R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 530 Brook forming field boundary. Hedged sides with occasional trees. No flow obvious during survey visit. Hedge is flailed on both sides but has grown tall, up to 4m. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Hedera helix Ivy F Urtica dioica Nettle F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R Ulmus sp. Elm species R

Target Note 531 Short ditchline- looks to have been recently cleared of vegetation (including headgeline). Now has a mix of coarse grass, tall rudural herb and some woody regrowth.

Target Note 532 Species-poor hedge 3-4m wide with shaded ditch beneath. Ditch shallow and dry in places. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 533 Poor semi-improved grassland fields Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A



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Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 534 Species-poor hedgerows and ditches with similar species compositions present in this section of the study area. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Phragmites australis Reed A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa arvensis Field Rose O Salix alba White Willow O Salix species Willow species O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Ulmus sp. Elm species O

Target Note 535 Plash Rhyne - aquatic and bankside vegetation. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phragmites australis Reed A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F



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Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Trifolium repens White Clover O

Target Note 536 Another section of Plash Rhyne - aquatic and bankside vegetation. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock O Ulmus sp. Elm species R

Target Note 537 Ditch on western side of kingsway. Hedgerow and trees are are present along much of the length. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Phragmites australis Reed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F



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Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Galium aparine Cleavers F Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Trifolium repens White Clover F Ulmus sp. Elm species F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lapsana communis Nipplewort O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Salix alba White Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut R Lemna minor Common Duckweed

Target Note 538 Species-poor hedge (4m tall) with shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 539 Species-poor hedge (3m high) with shaded ditch beneath. There are a couple of small open sections where aquatic vegetation is abundant.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Urtica dioica Nettle O Achillea millefolium Yarrow R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 540 Marginal and bankside species present on open ditchline. Brassica rapa Wild Turnip A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed F



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Urtica dioica Nettle F Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R

Target Note 541 Wet ditch dominated by reed. Some scattered hawthorn scrub is present. Phragmites australis Reed D Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Urtica dioica Nettle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O

Target Note 542 Thin strip of marshy grassland along ditch edge. Mix of marsh and improved grassland species. Juncus inflexus Hard Rush D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Urtica dioica Nettle O Brassica rapa Wild Turnip R Galium aparine Cleavers R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R

Target Note 543 Ditchline along imrpoved grassland field boundary, some scattered scrub species and a short section of hedge present on banks. Banks are poached.

Phragmites australis Reed D Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Elodea sp. Pondweed Species O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 544 Ditchline with scattered scrub and a short section of hedge adjacent. Ditch banks are poached. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F



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Galium aparine Cleavers F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Ulmus sp. Elm species R

Target Note 545 Specie-poor hedge with ditchline. Ditch is heavilly shaeded by hedge (4m tall). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Hedera helix Ivy F Urtica dioica Nettle F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 546 Species-poor hedge, 4m tall (Flailed sides). Shaded shallow ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Phragmites australis Reed R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 547 4m tall species-poor hedge with flailed sides and shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O



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Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R

Target Note 548 4m tall species-poor hedge with flailed sides and shaded ditch beneath. A single ash tree is also present Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 549 Pooled area of ditch at point where 3 ditches meet. Shaded on 3 sides by hedge, one side is open and used as a watering hole for cattle. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Phragmites australis Reed O

Target Note 550 Improved grassland fields in this section of the study area. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium repens White Clover O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Veronica sp. Veronica species R

Target Note 551 Species-poor hedge (3m tall) with shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Phragmites australis Reed R

Target Note 552 Species-poor hedge (3m tall) with shaded ditch beneath. Hedge is wide (up to 4m across) Sides are flailed. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D



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Galium aparine Cleavers F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Hedera helix Ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Phragmites australis Reed R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 553 Ditchline shaded by hedge (3m tall) along two thirds of length. Dense reed on banks with open water in centre of ditch. Water vole seen.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 554 Thin band of swamp (with a small amount of standing water) adjacent to a short line of crack willow trees adjacent to Pill Road.

Phragmites australis Reed D Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O

Target Note 555 Line of crack willow on Pill Road with a defunct hedge beneath. Willows look to have been cut/pollarded in the past. Salix fragilis Crack Willow D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O

Target Note 556 Short species-poor hedge completely shading mostly dry ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Achillea millefolium Yarrow F



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Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 557 Hedge (3-4m tall, 1.5m wide) over ditch. Ditch is heavily shaded along the majority of its length. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 558 Tall specieis-poor hedge (4m tall, 2-3m wide) over hedge. Ditch is heavily shade and dry in places. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley A Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 559 3-4m tall hedge (2m wide) over wet ditch. Ditch is dry in places. Very shaded and innacessible. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Hedera helix Ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 560 Species-poor hedge and trees with much bramble in base. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Hedera helix Ivy F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Urtica dioica Nettle F Salix species Willow species O

Target Note 561 Tall ,species-poor hedge (4m tall and 2m wide) with heavily shading wet ditch below . There are a couple of gaps in the hedge, these areas dominated by lesser pond sedge.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Cladophora sp. Blanketweed O



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Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Urtica dioica Nettle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Sambucus nigra Elder R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 562 Fairly open ditch, with partly defunct species-poor hedge along south side. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Cladophora sp. Blanketweed O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Urtica dioica Nettle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R

Target Note 563 Species-poor hedge and ditch along grassed droving track. Hedge is 4-5m tall, 2-1m wide. Although shaded, the ditch has abundant aquatic/marginal vegetation.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Bellis perennis Daisy O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Primula veris Cowslip O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Urtica dioica Nettle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Narcissus cvr. Narcissus cultivar R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R

Target Note 564 Vegetated ditch, with bramble domintaed hedge to south. Hedge becomes 4m high eand is defunct



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in places.

Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O

Target Note 565 Tall (4-5m) hedge over ditch with occasional gaps. Ditch is heavily shaded and inaccessible for its majority. Reed is present at gaps in hedge. Ditch widens, forming a small area dominated by floating sweet-grass and water-cress.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Phragmites australis Reed F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Galium aparine Cleavers O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Urtica dioica Nettle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R

Target Note 566 Ditch with overgrown species-poor hedge along both sides (although not for entire length). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 567 Ditch with 4m wide strip of lesser pond sedge, reed canary-grass and lesser celandine along its northern edge.

Phragmites australis Reed A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O



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Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 568 Ditch with dominant reed. Phragmites australis Reed D Galium aparine Cleavers F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bitter-cress R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 569 Blind Pill Rhyne, open ditch with a few small patches of remnant hawthorn hedge on west bank Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Brassica rapa Wild Turnip F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Galium aparine Cleavers F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 570 Species-poor hedge with completely shaded ditch beneath. Hedge is 3-4m tall, 4-5 m wide. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Hedera helix Ivy F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 571 Reed filled open ditch. Phragmites australis Reed D Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Brassica rapa Wild Turnip O Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Urtica dioica Nettle O



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Target Note 572 Ditchline, open at its western end and heavilly shaded by species-poor hedge at the eastern end. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Cladophora sp. Blanketweed O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 573 Open ditch with partly defunct species-poor hedge along west bank. There is an area where ditch widens and becomes a pool, reed is dominant in this area.

Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Phragmites australis Reed A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R

Target Note 574 Short grazed improved grassland field with horses and ponies. Hedge at east boundary is tall (3-4m) and shades a ditch beneath. Contains sycamore and crack willow. Guinea foul in field.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 575 Thin strip of improved grassland with spcecies-poor hedges both sides. East hedge is 3m tall, 2m wide contains a crack willow tree. West hedge is 1.5m tall, 0.5 m wide. There are number of recently planted fruit trees within the grassland.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 576 Ditch with species-poor hawthorn hedge (3m tall) along west side of Gills Lane. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Hedera helix Ivy F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Galium aparine Cleavers O



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Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 577 Ditch and hedge along east edge of Gills Lane. Hedge is 3m tall, 2m wide. Ditch dries to north. Ditch is generally very shaded by hedge. There is one open area of ditch, this is filled with pondweed and surrounded by hard rush and bramble.

Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers F Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Hedera helix Ivy O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Salix species Willow species R

Target Note 578 Ditch and short section of species-poor hedge. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Juncus inflexus Hard Rush D Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Hedera helix Ivy F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 579 Short species-poor hedge, 1m tall, 1m wide. Thin ditch present at southern end. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy A Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Ulmus procera English Elm F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R



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Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R

Target Note 580 Species-poor hedge 2m tall, 1.5m wide. Hyacinthoides x massartiana Hybrid Bluebell D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 581 Tall species-poor hedgerow with occasional trees, a shaded dtch is present below. Hedge becomes defunct at southern end 4-5m high, 4m wide. Ditch forms pool at southern end 5 x 5m.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Galium aparine Cleavers F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 582 Tall species-poor hedge with wet ditch adjacent. Hedge is 4m tall, 1.5m wide. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 583 Tall specieis-poor hedge (5m) with ditch along base. Dense, scrubby and unmanaged to south. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Galium aparine Cleavers F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Sambucus nigra Elder F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O



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Hedera helix Ivy O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Ulmus sp. Elm species R

Target Note 584 Scrub-filled, very shallow ditch Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Sambucus nigra Elder R Ulmus sp. Elm species R

Target Note 585 Tall, wide species-poor hedge (5m x 4m), over dry ditch. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O

Target Note 586 Tall, species-poor hedge over wet ditch. There are occasional willow trees at southern end. Hedge is 5m tall and 4m wide. Ditch is heavily shaded.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Galium aparine Cleavers F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Hedera helix Ivy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R

Target Note 587 Short section of species-poor hawthorn hedge over ditch. Some trees present in the south end. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Urtica dioica Nettle O Acer campestre Field Maple R Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 588 Hawthorn dominated hedge with shllow ditch along Bristol Road.



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Galium aparine Cleavers F Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Lamium album White Dead-nettle O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Ulmus sp. Elm species R Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 589 Stone wall covered in ivy with a patch of scrub between fields. Just within field is a large mound of earth covered in cleavers.

Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 590 Species-poor hawthorn hedge (1.5m tall, 1m wide) with dry ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Hedera helix Ivy F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R

Target Note 591 Wide hedge with trees completely shading ditch. Hedge is 1.5m - 2m tall and 5m wide. Mature horse chestnut in corner. Ditch is 2m wide.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Hedera helix Ivy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 592 Ditchline with defunct species-poor hedge and trees. There is an area of ditch dug out to create a cattle watering hole. Little aquatic vegetation, ditch is dry in places

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle F



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Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Sambucus nigra Elder O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species R

Target Note 593 Wide drain with steep banks. Water vole holes present. Phragmites australis Reed F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R

Target Note 594 Species-poor hedge with occassional trees. Some sections are flailed low with other areas growing tall (4m). Ditch is present beneath, it is shaded with little aquatic vegetation growing.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet A Hedera helix Ivy F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Iris foetidissima Stinking Iris R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 595 Species-poor hedge and trees with shaded wet ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Hedera helix Ivy F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Galium aparine Cleavers O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 596 Poor sem-improved grassland fields. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O



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Festuca rubra Red Fescue R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Trifolium repens White Clover R

Target Note 597 Species-poor hedge (flailed low) with wet, shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Salix species Willow species R

Target Note 598 Open ditch along west side of Fletcher's Lane. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Phragmites australis Reed A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O

Target Note 599 Species-poor hedgerow alongside Bristol Road in tarnock. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet A Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Galium aparine Cleavers F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F



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Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Geranium molle Dove's-foot Cranesbill O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lapsana communis Nipplewort O Malva sylvestris Common Mallow O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Sambucus nigra Elder O Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O Stellaria media Chickweed O Torilis japonica Upright Hedge-parsley O Trifolium repens White Clover O Ulmus procera English Elm O

Target Note 600 Poor semi-improved grasslands. Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail D Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Trifolium repens White Clover A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Hordeum murinum Wall Barley R Stellaria media Chickweed R

Target Note 601 Double hedge and associated ditch along Fletcher Lane. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F



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Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rosa arvensis Field Rose F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Phleum pratense Timothy O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O

Target Note 602 This field boundary has a 4m wide ditch and hedge with many mature trees that are ivy clad.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ulmus sp. Elm species F Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Malus pumila Apple O Phragmites australis Reed O Robinia pseudoacacia False Acacia O Rosa arvensis Field Rose O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix viminalis Osier O Sambucus nigra Elder O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort R

Target Note 603 Species-poor hedge and ditch containing several mature ash and white willow trees.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Fraxinus excelsior Ash A



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Hedera helix Ivy A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Salix alba White Willow A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Galium aparine Cleavers F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Rosa arvensis Field Rose O Salix viminalis Osier O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O

Target Note 604 Poor semi-improved grassland fields. Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O

Target Note 605 Species-poor hedgerows and ditches surrounding poor semi- grasslands. All have similar species composition.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Acer campestre Field Maple F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F



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Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phragmites australis Reed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Salix alba White Willow F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut R Arum italicum R

Target Note 606 Species-poor hedges and associated ditches south of Kingsway Farm. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F Acer campestre Field Maple O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Salix alba White Willow O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Ulmus sp. Elm species O

Target Note 607 Poor semi-improved grassland south of Kingsway Farm.



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Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium repens White Clover F Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Geranium molle Dove's-foot Cranesbill O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O

Target Note 608 Short section of green lane in Tarnock. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Hedera helix Ivy A Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock A Urtica dioica Nettle A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Plantago major Greater Plantain F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Schedonorus arundinaceus Tall Fescue F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Phleum pratense Timothy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O



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Salix alba White Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Quercus cerris Turkey Oak R

Target Note 609 Improved grassland field. Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Phleum pratense Timothy O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail R

Target Note 610 Species-poor hedgerows and associated ditches east of Fletcher's Lane. Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phragmites australis Reed F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherb O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Phleum pratense Timothy O Pulicaria dysenterica Fleabane O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix alba White Willow O



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Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R

Target Note 611 Poor semi-improved grassland fields. Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O

Target Note 612 Areas of cut and un-cut amenity grassland associated with the caravan park at Acacia Farm. Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Bellis perennis Daisy F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago major Greater Plantain F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R

Target Note 613 Species-poor hedges and ditches bordering caravan site. Calystegia sp. Bindweed species A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Hedera helix Ivy A



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Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Salix alba White Willow F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium repens White Clover F Bellis perennis Daisy O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Phragmites australis Reed O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O

Target Note 614 Small section of species-poor, low flailed hedge on southside of Bristol road, wet ditch adjacent, north bank of which is open (not hedged).

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Lamium album White Dead-nettle R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Sambucus nigra Elder R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 615 Following conversation with local resident: Bats often seen commuting/foraging along hedgerows in the local area. Foraging barn owl seen in previous years. Little egret, heron and kingfisher seen on Rhyne along Fletcher's Lane.

Target Note 616 Species-poor hedges with largely shaded ditches beneath, surrounding field at the southern end (and to the east of) of Fletcher's Lane. A small amount of non-native planted species were also noted, including spruce species and gunnera species.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Ulmus procera English Elm A



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Hedera helix Ivy F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Corylus avellana Hazel R Humulus lupulus Hop R Prunus sp. Cherry species R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Salix alba White Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R

Target Note 617 Part horse grazed semi-improved grassland field. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago major Greater Plantain F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Bellis perennis Daisy O Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O

Target Note 618 Old River Axe - bankside and channel vegetation, recent clearance has been undertaken. Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Urtica dioica Nettle F Phragmites australis Reed O Typha angustifolia Small Reedmace O



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Target Note 619 Large area of improved grassland fields. Lush green sward potentially silage or cattle grazing. Fields are divided by short managed hedgerows and ditches. The hedgerows on many occasions enclose the ditches. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium repens White Clover F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R

Target Note 620 Paddock grazed by horses comprising poor semi-improved grassland. Tall hedged boundary adjacent to the M5. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium repens White Clover F Urtica dioica Nettle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Poa sp. Meadow-grass species O

Target Note 621 Compact, well maintained species-poor hedgerows with adjacent ditches. Ditches are generally enclosed and heavilly shaded.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 622 Area of scrub and tall ruderalis around disused barn/cattle shed. Galium aparine Cleavers A Urtica dioica Nettle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Hedera helix Ivy O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R



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Silene dioica Red Campion R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R

Target Note 623 Poor semi-improved grassland fields west of Riverside Farm. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort R

Target Note 624 Species-poor hedgerows and ditches with similar species composition in this section of the study area. Occasional ash and willow trees are also present.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Galium aparine Cleavers F Medicago lupulina Black Medick F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Azolla filiculoides Water-fern O



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Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Conium maculatum Hemlock O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort O Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Lapsana communis Nipplewort R Tamus communis Black Bryony R

Target Note 625 Species-poor hedge with occasional trees, there is a shaded wet ditch beneath with a band of tall rudral herb (nettle dominted) adjacent. Hedge becomes defunct to the west.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Ulmus procera English Elm A Urtica dioica Nettle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Galium album Hedge Bedstraw R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Rhamnus cathartica Purging Buckthorn R Salix alba White Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort R Tamus communis Black Bryony R Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew R

Target Note 626 Short section of wide drain with defunct hedge and scattered trees, also some dense scrub adjacent. There is a pooled section of ditch used as a cattle watering hole, duckweed is dominant here. The ditch is culverted to the north, a short strecth of species-rich hedge continues northwards at this point. This hedge is 4m tall with flailed sides.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet A



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Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Corylus avellana Hazel F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Phragmites australis Reed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Acer campestre Field Maple O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Euonymus europaeus Spindle O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Urtica dioica Nettle O Betula pendula Silver Birch R Conium maculatum Hemlock R Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Viburnum lantana Wayfaring-tree R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 627 Short section of Old Lox Yeo within the study area. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Nasturtium officinale Watercress A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O

Target Note 628 Improved grassland field. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Plantago major Greater Plantain O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O

Target Note 629 Strip of broad-leaved plantation parallel to M5.



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Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Urtica dioica Nettle A Alnus glutinosa Alder F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Carpinus betulus Hornbeam F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Populus tremula Aspen F Quercus robur English Oak F Quercus sp. Oak species F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Pinus sp. Pine species O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sorbus aria Whitebeam O

Target Note 630 Species-poor hedge and shaded ditch along farm track. Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Quercus robur English Oak A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Salix alba White Willow R

Target Note 631 Parcels of broad-leaved plantation woodland east of the M5. Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore A Salix caprea Goat Willow A Corylus avellana Hazel F Populus tremula Aspen F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F



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Carpinus betulus Hornbeam O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Pinus sp. Pine species O Quercus robur English Oak O Salix alba White Willow O Salix species Willow species O Buddleja davidii Buddleia R

Target Note 632 Species-poor hedge with shaded ditch adjacent, ditch is open along one bank with frequent reed. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Phragmites australis Reed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Urtica dioica Nettle O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 633 Bankside and aquatic vegetation associated with the River Axe. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phragmites australis Reed A Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Carex pendula Pendulous Sedge O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium album Hedge Bedstraw O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Senecio jacobaea Ragwort R



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Target Note 634 Flailed species-poor hedge (3m tall) with pylon present within the hedge. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Calystegia sp. Bindweed species R Conium maculatum Hemlock R

Target Note 635 Orchard with improved, grazed grassland beneath. Trees are fenced off to prevent grazing. Recently planted hedges (2.5m tall, 2m wide) border the orchard.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Malus pumila Apple F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Trifolium repens White Clover O

Target Note 636 Walled garden. Consists of rarely used vegetable patches (leeks, onions, celery). Very weedy (tall ruderal herb species) with shed and greenhouse istructure present. Walls have some apple trees and scrub adjacent.

Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed A Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue A Plantago major Greater Plantain F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Malva sylvestris Common Mallow O Veronica sp. Veronica species O

Target Note 637 Farm track heading north from Webbington Farm, hedged on both sides for a short section adjacent to the orchard. Hardcored surface with grassy ridge in middle. Both hedges appear fairly recently planted (2m tall, 1.5m wide). Further north, the track is unhedged. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Lolium perenne Ryegrass F



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Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus procera English Elm O Buddleja davidii Buddleia R Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Malus pumila Apple R Malva sylvestris Common Mallow R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R

Target Note 638 Species-poor hedge (1.5m tall, 2m wide), overgrown with abundant bramble and cleavers. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Urtica dioica Nettle F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Hedera helix Ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Sambucus nigra Elder O

Target Note 639 Cattlle grazed improved grassland field. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Trifolium repens White Clover A Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Phleum pratense Timothy O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Veronica sp. Veronica species R

Target Note 640 Flailed species-poor hedgerow (2m tall, 1.5m wide). Hedge base fenced off from cattle. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Ulmus sp. Elm species A Galium aparine Cleavers F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R

Target Note 641 Section of Lox Yeo River west of M5 with adjacent scrub and trees. Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Phragmites australis Reed A



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Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Corylus avellana Hazel O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Populus alba White Poplar O Populus nigra italica Lombardy Poplar O Populus tremula Aspen O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Sambucus nigra Elder R Sorbus torminalis Wild Service-tree R

Target Note 642 Narrow strip of land with planted trees between track and M5 with adjacent ditch. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Calystegia sp. Bindweed species A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore F Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Acer campestre Field Maple O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Conium maculatum Hemlock O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hedera helix Ivy O Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife O Populus alba White Poplar O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O



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Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R

Target Note 643 Species-poor hedgerows and associated ditches bounding arable fields west of M5. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Galium aparine Cleavers F Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa sp. Meadow-grass species F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Ulmus procera English Elm F Acer campestre Field Maple O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Veronica agrestis Field Speedwell O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort R

Target Note 644 Species-poor hedge adjacent to M5, also a strip of tall ruderal/modified neutral grassland is present between hedge and M5. Hedge appears to be planted relatively recently. A fence is also present along the hedgeline. Hedge is defunct in places and strips of bramble scrub are frequent.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alnus glutinosa Alder O Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Conium maculatum Hemlock O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Quercus robur English Oak O Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R



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Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Hypericum sp. St John's-wort R Lathyrus latifolius Broad-leaved Everlasting-pea R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R

Target Note 645 Flailed species-poor hedge (2.5m tall, 2.5m wide). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Sambucus nigra Elder F Urtica dioica Nettle F Ulmus procera English Elm O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 646 Very short section of defunct hedge with mature ash tree. Tree has a thick covering of ivy on its trunk. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R

Target Note 647 Species-poor hedge 2.5m tall, 2.5m wide with heavily shaded ditch beneath and some young elm trees growing out above the rest of the hedge. There is also an area of spreading scrub.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Ulmus procera English Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Sambucus nigra Elder O Acer campestre Field Maple R Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent R

Target Note 648 Flailed species-poor hedge (3m tall, 3m wide) over flowing drain. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Ulmus procera English Elm O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Sambucus nigra Elder R Tamus communis Black Bryony R



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Target Note 649 Defunct, species-poor hedge with trees over ditch. Ditch is heavily vegetated with reed. Phragmites australis Reed D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Hedera helix Ivy O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Urtica dioica Nettle O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 650 Field of damp semi-improved grassland with some marshy grassland species also present. There was an inch of standing water covering the whole field at the time of survey. Drain along north-eastern boundary is dominated by reed.

Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Phleum pratense Timothy A Carex sp. Sedge species F Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phragmites australis Reed O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R

Target Note 651 Species-poor hedgerow (1.8m tall, 1.8m wide) over shaded ditch. Hedge becomes defunct at it northern end.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Urtica dioica Nettle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Galium aparine Cleavers O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R

Target Note 652 Large field of damp semi-improved grassland with frequent soft rush. Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O



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Phleum pratense Timothy O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O

Target Note 653 Tall, species-poor (hawthorn dominated) hedgerows. Flailed/cattle eaten sides and outgrown top. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Arctium minus Lesser Burdock F Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Acer campestre Field Maple R Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 654 Species-poor hedge (2m tall, 1.5m wide) Regularly flailed. Shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Urtica dioica Nettle O Tamus communis Black Bryony R Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 655 Tall species-poor hedge with elm growing tall. (6m tall, 3m wide). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Ulmus procera English Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R

Target Note 656 Lox Yeo River. South east Bank has a strip of reed. At time of survey the water has a strong flow and was murky and difficult to see any aquatic species present.

Phragmites australis Reed A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Galium aparine Cleavers F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Urtica dioica Nettle F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey R Veronica beccabunga Brooklime R

Target Note 657 Semi-improved grassland field with linear features (old field drains) with rush species present. Could not access, surveyed from far side of Lox Yeo River.

Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog D Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F



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Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Phragmites australis Reed R

Target Note 658 Triangular area of damp, reed dominated swamp in field corner. There are also occasional young crack willows present.

Phragmites australis Reed D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R Juncus conglomeratus Compact Rush R

Target Note 659 Section of reed dominated wet ditch. Phragmites australis Reed D Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Urtica dioica Nettle O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R

Target Note 660 Species-poor hedge flailed to 3m tall. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Corylus avellana Hazel O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Sambucus nigra Elder O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Bryonia dioica White Bryony R Lapsana communis Nipplewort R Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 661 Short section of unmanaged species-rich hedge and trees with adjacent dry ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Hedera helix Ivy F



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Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Tamus communis Black Bryony F Ulmus procera English Elm F Alnus glutinosa Alder O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Quercus robur English Oak O Acer campestre Field Maple R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 662 Ditchlines with some sections of defunct hedge/scattered scrub. Reed is dominant. Phragmites australis Reed D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Quercus robur English Oak R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 663 Semi-improved grassland field with some marshy species also present. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Phleum pratense Timothy O Phragmites australis Reed O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O

Target Note 664 Species-rich hedge with short section of hedge and trees in north. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Hedera helix Ivy F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Corylus avellana Hazel O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Ulmus procera English Elm O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R



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Quercus robur English Oak R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R

Target Note 665 Area of damp semi-improved grassland. Reed dominated ditch to north with some occasional blackthorn and hawthorn scrub along its banks.

Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Carex sp. Sedge species O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge R

Target Note 666 Grassy track which is hedged briefly on both sides. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock D Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Urtica dioica Nettle F Ulmus sp. Elm species O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 667 Short section of tall, species-poor hedge with trees. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Ulmus procera English Elm O Salix alba White Willow R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R

Target Note 668 Hedge to the east of public footpath flailed to 2m in height. Shallow wet ditch present at its southern end. Hedge is on a bank with some standard trees present. A section of the hedge is species-rich. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Humulus lupulus Hop O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Quercus robur English Oak O



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Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Acer campestre Field Maple R Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy R Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Euonymus europaeus Spindle R Sambucus nigra Elder R Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort R Tamus communis Black Bryony R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R

Target Note 669 Managed species-poor hedge. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Ulmus procera English Elm A Urtica dioica Nettle A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F

Target Note 670 Species-poor semi-improved grassland (cattle grazed). Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Trifolium repens White Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 671 Species-poor hedge (2.5m tall, 2m wide) with shaded dry ditch below. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Urtica dioica Nettle F Galium aparine Cleavers O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus procera English Elm O Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Tamus communis Black Bryony R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R

Target Note 672 Strip of semi-improved grassland likely to be a former droving track. There is a low, wide hedge (species-poor) with shaded ditch to along the west boundary (2m tall, 4m wide) and a stretch of species-poor hedge and trees (4.5m tall, 2m wide) along the east boundary.

Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Trifolium repens White Clover F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Phragmites australis Reed O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Quercus robur English Oak O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R



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Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 673 Unmanaged, species-poor hedge and trees with shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle F Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Ulmus glabra Wych Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Corylus avellana Hazel R Primula vulgaris Primrose R

Target Note 674 Ditch adjacent to hedge is shallow but not dry. It has been previously cleared of vegetation but regrowth is now showing.

Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Primula vulgaris Primrose F Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Scutellaria galericulata Skullcap O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O

Target Note 675 Semi-improved grassland habitat (grazed). Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Poa sp. Meadow-grass species F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Ribes sp. Currant species O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O

Target Note 676 Large field of improved grassland bordered by hedges. Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Festuca rubra Red Fescue A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A



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Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup A Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Poa sp. Meadow-grass species O Trifolium repens White Clover O Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R

Target Note 677 Unmanaged, hedgerow with trees (sections of which are species-rich) following the course of a stream. Many trees are mature.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Conium maculatum Hemlock F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Silene dioica Red Campion F Ulmus glabra Wych Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alnus glutinosa Alder O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell O Primula vulgaris Primrose O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Quercus sp. Oak species R Viola sp. Violet species R

Target Note 678 Species-rich banked hedgerow with trees. A stream is present along its north side. Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Primula vulgaris Primrose F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Minuartia verna Spring Sandwort O Quercus sp. Oak species O Sambucus nigra Elder O Silene dioica Red Campion O Urtica dioica Nettle O Viola riviniana Wood-dog-violet O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Malus pumila Apple R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R



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Target Note 679 Hedges and trees alongside Lox Yeo River, many trees are mature. There is a strip of bramble scrub along south bank. The river is stone based at this point. Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Alnus glutinosa Alder F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Silene dioica Red Campion F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O

Target Note 680 Semi-improved grassland field. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Festuca rubra Red Fescue A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 681 Ditch between grassland and arable fields with defunct hedge alobng its length. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Galium aparine Cleavers A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort O Silene dioica Red Campion O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O



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Target Note 682 Species-poor hedges bordering arable fields south of Banwell Wood. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail F Galium album Hedge Bedstraw F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Quercus robur English Oak O Sambucus nigra Elder O

Target Note 683 Species-rich hedges surrounding arable fields south of Banwell Wood Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Corylus avellana Hazel A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Galium aparine Cleavers F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort F Acer campestre Field Maple O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Bryonia dioica White Bryony O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Euonymus europaeus Spindle O Geum urbanum Wood Avens O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Taxus baccata Yew R



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Target Note 684 Species-rich hedgerows along track, forming a green lane. Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue A Corylus avellana Hazel A Hedera helix Ivy A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Acer campestre Field Maple F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Galium odoratum Sweet Woodruff F Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Bryonia dioica White Bryony O Circaea lutetiana Enchanter's Nightshade O Euonymus europaeus Spindle O Geum urbanum Wood Avens O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Primula vulgaris Primrose O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Silene dioica Red Campion O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 685 Partly sloping, cattle grazed, semi-improved grassland adjacent to Banwell Wood. The sloped area of the field and areas with stone outcrops were found to contain a good mix of species associated with calcaereous grassland, more gentley sloped areas contained a greater abundance of neutral grassland species.

Festuca rubra Red Fescue A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Trifolium repens White Clover A Bellis perennis Daisy F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Leontodon hispidus Rough Hawkbit F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Plantago media Hoary Plantain F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil F Poterium sanguisorba Salad Burnet F Prunella vulgaris Selfheal F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil F



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Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Centaurea nigra Knapweed O Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Euphrasia nemoralis agg. Eyebright O Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry O Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hieracium sp. Hawkweed species O Hypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wort O Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil O Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell O

Target Note 686 Unmanaged species-rich hedge present between the green lane and Towerhead Brook. Corylus avellana Hazel A Geum urbanum Wood Avens A Ulmus glabra Wych Elm A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Bryonia dioica White Bryony F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hedera helix Ivy O Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury O Sambucus nigra Elder O Silene dioica Red Campion O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R Euonymus europaeus Spindle R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R

Target Note 687 Ash dominated woodland strip along Towerhead Brook. Fraxinus excelsior Ash D Corylus avellana Hazel A Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue F Galium aparine Cleavers F Geum urbanum Wood Avens F Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F



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Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock F Silene dioica Red Campion F Ulmus glabra Wych Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Quercus robur English Oak O Acer campestre Field Maple R Primula vulgaris Primrose R

Target Note 688 Species-poor improved grassland fields bordered by species-poor hedgerows dominated by blackthorn with much wych elm.

Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Trifolium repens White Clover F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O

Target Note 689 Small shaded pond in field edge. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Acer campestre Field Maple R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Salix alba White Willow R



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Target Note 690 Medium sized pond in field with central island. Occasional giant rhubarb a non-native species was noted as well as the species listed below.

Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cyperus longus Galingale F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Mentha aquatica Water Mint F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Potamogeton natans Broad-leaved Pondweed F Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Butomus umbellatus Flowering Rush O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherb O Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Populus sp. Poplar species O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Alnus glutinosa Alder R

Target Note 691 Intensively managed apple orchard. Mown, quite damp in places, improved grassland species dominant.

Malus cultivar Apple D Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Trifolium repens White Clover F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Trifolium repens White Clover F Plantago major Greater Plantain O Senecio vulgaris Groundsel O Urtica dioica Nettle O Epilobium sp. Willowherb species R

Target Note 692 Species-poor hedge and trees with wet ditch beneath which becomes dry to the west. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A



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Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Ulmus procera English Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 693 Species-rich, flailed hedge (1.5m tall) with rich ground flora including native bluebell. Hedge is on a bank. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Primula vulgaris Primrose F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Elymus caninus Bearded Couch R Euonymus europaeus Spindle R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Sambucus nigra Elder R Stellaria media Chickweed R Viola riviniana Wood-dog-violet R

Target Note 694 Hedge along dismantled railway becomes defunct to south. Hedge is species-poor and unmanaged in sections.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Urtica dioica Nettle F Galium aparine Cleavers O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Elymus caninus Bearded Couch R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 695 Defunct, managed species-poor hedge with eight mature broad-leaved trees. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Quercus robur English Oak A Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O



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Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Sambucus nigra Elder R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Fraxinus excelsior Ash

Target Note 696 Flowing, open ditch. Nasturtium officinale Watercress A Veronica beccabunga Brooklime A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O

Target Note 697 Species-poor hedge, well managed (1.5m tall). One mature oak present. Southern end of hedge is richer in woody species.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers F Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ulmus procera English Elm F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Acer campestre Field Maple R Corylus avellana Hazel R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Primula vulgaris Primrose R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 698 Section of Towerhead Brook (north of Towerhead Road) with trees and scattered scrub along banks. Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Hedera helix Ivy F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock F Sambucus nigra Elder F Ulmus sp. Elm species F Veronica beccabunga Brooklime F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Carex panicea Carnation Sedge O Carex remota Remote Sedge O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Silene dioica Red Campion O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Acer campestre Field Maple R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Quercus robur English Oak R Salix alba White Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 699 Semi-improved grassland field. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Carex panicea Carnation Sedge F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F



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Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 700 Species-poor hedgerows along north boundary of Towerhead Road. Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Ulmus glabra Wych Elm F Acer campestre Field Maple O Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Geum urbanum Wood Avens O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not O Phleum pratense Timothy O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Sambucus nigra Elder O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R

Target Note 701 Species-poor hedgerows (some with mature trees). Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A



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Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Acer campestre Field Maple F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Poa sp. Meadow-grass species F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Ulmus glabra Wych Elm O Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 702 Short hedgerows (1.5m tall, 1.5m wide) with occasional trees. Very shallow ditch along southeast field boundary.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Quercus robur English Oak F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Silene dioica Red Campion R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 703 Non-intensively grazed semi-improved grassland field. Quite damp in places. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Trifolium repens White Clover O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R



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Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent R

Target Note 704 Small field pond with willow scrub on north side. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Nasturtium officinale Watercress F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 705 Large field pond with mature trees present around edge. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Quercus robur English Oak F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R

Target Note 706 Tall species-poor hedges with trees (4m tall, 2m wide). Quite overgrown. Trees are mature. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Acer campestre Field Maple R Ulmus sp. Elm species R

Target Note 707 Green lane with modified neutral grassland on track. Species-poor hedges (regularly flailed) are along both sides of track.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Hedera helix Ivy F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Ulmus sp. Elm species F Acer campestre Field Maple O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O



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Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Trifolium repens White Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Carex sp. Sedge species R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Quercus robur English Oak R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Tamus communis Black Bryony R

Target Note 708 Poor semi-improved grassland. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel F Trifolium repens White Clover F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Carex sp. Sedge species R Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain R

Target Note 709 Species-poor hedges (1.5m tall, 1.5m wide) with occasional trees. List is representative of a number of hedges in this section of the study area (not all species occur in each hedge). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Urtica dioica Nettle O Acer campestre Field Maple R Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Tamus communis Black Bryony R Ulmus glabra Wych Elm R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 710 Small field pond surrounded by crack willow trees. Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F



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Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R

Target Note 711 Semi-improved grassland cut for hay (cut at time of survey). Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Phleum pratense Timothy O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Trifolium repens White Clover O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R

Target Note 712 Former field pond now surrounded by intensively managed orchard. The pond has some scattered scrub and a single mature broad-leaved tree around its edge. There is also a species-poor hedge along it eastern bank.

Target Note 713 Scrub/woodland habitat forming along dismantled railway. Some open areas (grazed by cattle) are present on bank top.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Elymus caninus Bearded Couch O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Primula vulgaris Primrose O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R Quercus robur English Oak R Salix species Willow species R Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell R Viola sp. Violet species R

Target Note 714 Species-rich hedge along Nye Road (6m tall with row of pollarded poplars).



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Ulmus procera English Elm D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Populus sp. Poplar species A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Corylus avellana Hazel O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Acer campestre Field Maple R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R

Target Note 715 Species-rich hedge (1.5m tall, 2m wide). Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Corylus avellana Hazel A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle A Acer campestre Field Maple R Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 716 Small shaded pond in field corner approximately 4m x 2.5m, shallow water (30cm). No macrophytes. Large grey willow growing in centre, probably dries up in summer. Margins poached by cattle.

Target Note 717 Species-poor hedge (1.5m tall, 2m wide). Hedge bank present. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle A Acer campestre Field Maple F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell F Stellaria holostea Greater Stitchwort F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Primula vulgaris Primrose R

Target Note 718 Species-rich field hedge (1.5m tall, 2m wide). A large mature oak tree present within the hedge. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Acer campestre Field Maple R Corylus avellana Hazel R Quercus robur English Oak R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 719 Species-poor hedge and trees. (1.5m tall, 2m wide). Two mature ash trees are present. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R



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Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 720 Species-poor hedge and trees (1.5m tall, 2m wide). Small oak and ash trees present with the hedge. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle A Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Acer campestre Field Maple R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 721 Species-rich hedge (1.5m tall, 2m wide). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Ulmus procera English Elm O Acer campestre Field Maple R Corylus avellana Hazel R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 722 Short section of species-poor hedge (1.5m tall, 2m wide). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ulmus procera English Elm F Acer campestre Field Maple O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R

Target Note 723 Dense scrub on dissued railway embankment. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble D Urtica dioica Nettle D Hedera helix Ivy A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Sambucus nigra Elder A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Galium aparine Cleavers F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil F Primula vulgaris Primrose F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Heracleum mantegazzianum Giant Hogweed O Plantago major Greater Plantain O



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Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Achillea millefolium Yarrow R Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's-purse R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Geum urbanum Wood Avens R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Lepidium squamatum Swine-cress R Myosotis sylvatica Wood Forget-me-not R Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R

Target Note 724 Species-poor hedge on bank (1.5m tall, 2m wide) with a mature oak at southern end.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Ulmus procera English Elm F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Geum urbanum Wood Avens O Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell O Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 725 Species-poor hedge (2m tall, 2m wide) on bank. 3 mature oak trees present in hedge. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Ulmus procera English Elm F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O

Target Note 726 Broad-leaved plantation woodland strip dominated by open patches of nettle and bramble. Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A

Target Note 727 Defunct species-poor hedge and ditch. Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble D Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass F Nasturtium officinale Watercress F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F Veronica beccabunga Brooklime F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 728 Species-poor hedge (3m tall, 3m wide). Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Acer campestre Field Maple O Ulmus procera English Elm O



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Corylus avellana Hazel R Malus sp. Apple Species R

Target Note 729 Species-rich hedge with earth bank. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Acer campestre Field Maple O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Corylus avellana Hazel R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 730 short section of species-poor hedge. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose A Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R

Target Note 731 Species-rich hedge on earth bank. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Ulmus procera English Elm A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Populus sp. Poplar species R Primula vulgaris Primrose R Quercus robur English Oak R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 732 Species-poor hedge on earth bank (2m tall, 3m wide). Two oak trees are present within the hedge. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Ulmus procera English Elm O Acer campestre Field Maple R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R Primula vulgaris Primrose R Quercus robur English Oak R Stellaria holostea Greater Stitchwort R

Target Note 733 Species-poor hedge (1.5m tall, 2m wide) with earth bank. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle A



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Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose A Ulmus procera English Elm F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Corylus avellana Hazel R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Primula vulgaris Primrose R Quercus robur English Oak R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 734 Species-poor hedge (2m tall, 4m wide) on an earth bank. A small seasonal pool that probably dries in summer is present within the hedge.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Ulmus procera English Elm A Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Lysimachia nummularia Creeping Jenny R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 735 Species-poor hedge (1.5m tall 2m wide) with earth bank. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Ulmus procera English Elm O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R

Target Note 736 Species-rich hedge (2m tall, 2m wide) with earth bank. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell F Ulmus procera English Elm F Acer campestre Field Maple O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Corylus avellana Hazel R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Sambucus nigra Elder R Tilia sp. Lime species R

Target Note 737 Fields of poor semi-improved grassland with small straw bales and horse manure piles providing good snake habitat. A local resident stated - Grass snakes have been obseved in local area and newts are present in the pond at the southern end of the linear field. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A



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Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 738 Species-poor hedgerows bordering poor semi-improved grassland. Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Acer campestre Field Maple F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Silene dioica Red Campion F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Hypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wort R Sambucus nigra Elder R Ulmus sp. Elm species R

Target Note 739



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Section of Mead Lane (track leading to West Leigh Farm). Species-rich hedges borders the track along both sides.

Acer campestre Field Maple A Corylus avellana Hazel A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Lapsana communis Nipplewort F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Vicia sepium Bush Vetch F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass O Primula vulgaris Primrose O Quercus robur English Oak O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Carex pendula Pendulous Sedge R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Lysimachia nummularia Creeping Jenny R

Target Note 740 Species-rich hedgerow along Nye Road. Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Hedera helix Ivy A Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass A Urtica dioica Nettle A Acer campestre Field Maple F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F



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Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Ulmus procera English Elm O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R

Target Note 741 Semi-improved grassland fields, some marshy grassland species are also present in the swards. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Carex hirta Hairy Sedge F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O

Target Note 742 Open, shallow ditchline. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass D Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Veronica beccabunga Brooklime F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Phleum pratense Timothy O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R

Target Note 743 Pond in corner of field (heavily poached), shaded by trees on two sides. Fraxinus excelsior Ash F



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Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Quercus robur English Oak F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 744 Species-poor hedge (1.8m tall, 2m wide) with a mature oak tree. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Urtica dioica Nettle O Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 745 Species-poor defunct hedge with new planting and many trees. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Malus sp. Apple Species O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Acer campestre Field Maple R

Target Note 746 Field containing 4 large chicken sheds surrounded by bare ground. Poor semi-improved grassland is present around edges of field. A band of young woodland plantation (broad-leaved) is present adjacent to Nye road and also along the western boundary.

Target Note 747 Ditch with tall (4m) hedge along its length. Ditch is filled with sediment and vegetation. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Nasturtium officinale Watercress A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 748 Improved grassland fields south of Mead lane. A midden is present in grassland near West Leigh Farm. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A



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Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Trifolium repens White Clover F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R

Target Note 749 Section of species-rich hedge along western edge of an area of orchard adjacent to Station Road Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherb F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Ulmus procera English Elm F Acer campestre Field Maple O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Corylus avellana Hazel O Geranium molle Dove's-foot Cranesbill O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O Castanea sativa Sweet Chestnut R Ilex aquifolium Holly R

Target Note 750 Well managed species-rich hedge and trees. Hedge is on a bank.



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine F Hedera helix Ivy F Quercus robur English Oak F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus procera English Elm O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Primula vulgaris Primrose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 751 Improved grassland field. Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass D Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock A Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F

Target Note 752 Ditch beneath hedge 2-3m wide with nettle bed on bank. Phragmites australis Reed D Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris A Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O

Target Note 753 Ditch partly shaded by hedge. Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A

Target Note 754 Largely open field ditch dominated by floating mat of floating sweet-grass. An area of dense reed is present at north west end. Banks are open and poached.

Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass D Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Phragmites australis Reed A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O

Target Note 755



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Species-poor hedge (4m tall, 3m wide) with shaded ditch beneath. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Ulmus procera English Elm F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 756 Field ditch shaded by hedge. Ditch species listed. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass D Phragmites australis Reed D Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 757 Short section of species-poor hedge and ditch along Drove Way. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed A Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 758 Short section of species-poor hedge and occasional trees with shaded ditch beneath. Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 759 Partly defunct species-poor hedge with ditch, dominated by reed. Phragmites australis Reed D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Carex hirta Hairy Sedge A Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 760



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Species-poor hedge (3-6m tall, 3m wide) and shaded ditch. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Malus sylvestris Crab-apple R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 761 Species-poor hedge with occasional trees. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Malus sylvestris Crab-apple R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 762 Species-poor hedge with occasional trees and shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Quercus robur English Oak R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 763 Species-poor hedge and reed dominated ditch Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed A Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 764 Species-poor hedge and ditch.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort A Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 765



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Species-poor hedge and ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed D Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 766 Species-poor hedge and mostly dry ditch (ditch has abundant reed). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Acer campestre Field Maple R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R

Target Note 767 Species-poor hedge with ditch. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Cornus sanguinea Dogwood A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed A Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 768 Outgrown species-poor hedge with ditch along Drove Way. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Viscum album Mistletoe R

Target Note 769 Species-poor hedge (4m tall, 2m wide) with shaded ditch. Mature oak and ash trees are present at the eastern end of hedge.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Malus pumila Apple R Quercus sp. Oak species R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 770 Outgrown species-poor hedge (5m tall, 5m wide) and ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O



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Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Ulmus procera English Elm O

Target Note 771 Species-poor hedge (5m tall, 3m wide) with shaded ditch ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Quercus robur English Oak R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 772 Species-poor hedge and shaded ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Salix cinerea Grey Willow O

Target Note 773 Species-poor hedge (3m tall, 3m wide) and ditch. Hedge species listed. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Ulmus procera English Elm O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R

Target Note 774 Ditch along Drove way, with low flailed hedge adjacent. Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort D Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge A Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Lemna minor Common Duckweed R Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R

Target Note 775 Species-poor hedge. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Ulmus procera English Elm O Quercus robur English Oak R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 776 Species-poor hedge and dry ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Ulmus procera English Elm A Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 777



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Species-poor defunct hedge. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Sambucus nigra Elder F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Corylus avellana Hazel R Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 778 Stretch of open ditch along Drove Way, 2m wide and recently cleared. Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort D Phragmites australis Reed D Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge F Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Caltha palustris Marsh-marigold R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R

Target Note 779 Open ditch, 3m wide dominated by dense reed. Phragmites australis Reed D Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass F

Target Note 780 Open ditch, recently cleared. Phragmites australis Reed D Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort A Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R

Target Note 781 Species-poor hedge and ditch. Acer campestre Field Maple D Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip D Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge D Phragmites australis Reed D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Nasturtium officinale Watercress F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Ulmus procera English Elm O Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R



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Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R

Target Note 782 Ditchline and scattered scrub. Phragmites australis Reed D Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 783 Species-poor hedge along Drove Way. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Acer campestre Field Maple R Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Corylus avellana Hazel R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix species Willow species R

Target Note 784 Species-poor hedge on earth bank along Drove Way. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Ulmus procera English Elm A Acer campestre Field Maple F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Corylus avellana Hazel O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Ulmus glabra Wych Elm R

Target Note 785 Species-poor hedgerow with heavily shaded ditch beneath. Occasional willow trees are present in the hedge. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Ulmus sp. Elm species F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 786 Semi-improved grassland field, cattle grazed.



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Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Trifolium repens White Clover O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass R Potentilla anserina Silverweed R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R

Target Note 787 Tall, species-poor hedge with trees over shaded ditch. Hedge is up tp 5m tall and 2.5m widfe. Ditch is 2m wide.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Cruciata laevipes Crosswort R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Quercus robur English Oak R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 788 Species-poor hedge (2.5 m tall, 3m wide) with heavily shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Bryonia dioica White Bryony R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Phragmites australis Reed R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 789 Tall, species-poor hedge (5m tall, 3m wide) with heavily shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Urtica dioica Nettle F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O



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Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Bryonia dioica White Bryony R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Quercus robur English Oak R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 790 Hardmead Rhyne - Open ditch with adjacent track Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Callitriche platycarpa Various-leaved Water-starwort F Caltha palustris Marsh-marigold F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Lysimachia nummularia Creeping Jenny F Phleum pratense Timothy F Phragmites australis Reed F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Hedera helix Ivy R Lemna minor Common Duckweed R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R

Target Note 791 Semi-improved grassland fields south of Hardmead Rhyne. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Carex hirta Hairy Sedge F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F



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Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Centaurea nigra Knapweed O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony R Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge R

Target Note 792 Field boundary features south of Hardmead Rhyne consisting hedges with occasional trees and adjacent ditches.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail F Galium aparine Cleavers F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Phleum pratense Timothy F Quercus robur English Oak F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Urtica dioica Nettle F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Corylus avellana Hazel O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Ulmus procera English Elm O Acer campestre Field Maple R Carex remota Remote Sedge R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 793



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Species-poor hedge and trees with wet ditch parallel to Liddy Yeo. Eastern section of the hedge is species-rich.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Melilotus sp. Melilot species O Phleum pratense Timothy O Quercus robur English Oak O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 794 Liddy Yeo - high water and murky during survey period. Marginal and aquatic species noted. Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 795 Field boundary ditches and hedgerows with similar species compositions, bordering arable fields between Nye Drove and Havage Drove.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Elytrigia repens Common Couch A Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Urtica dioica Nettle F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O



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Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Corylus avellana Hazel R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 796 Rockers Rhyne, bankside and aquatic vegetation Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Elytrigia repens Common Couch A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Phragmites australis Reed F Urtica dioica Nettle F Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O

Target Note 797 Large pond used for shooting wild fowl (decoys and other paraphernalia lying about). Semi-natural woodland borders the pond.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Phragmites australis Reed A Salix fragilis Crack Willow A Urtica dioica Nettle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Salix caprea Goat Willow F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Hedera helix Ivy O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R

Target Note 798 Field of semi-improved grassland north of Havage Drove, 2 small areas of marshy grassland are also present within the field. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort A Phleum pratense Timothy A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Rumex crispus Curled Dock A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F



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Carex hirta Hairy Sedge F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Trifolium repens White Clover F Geranium molle Dove's-foot Cranesbill O Phragmites australis Reed O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O

Target Note 799 Common reed domintaed field boundaries with occasional scattered trees and scrub. Phragmites australis Reed D Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Populus trichocarpa Western Balsam-poplar R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Viscum album Mistletoe R

Target Note 800 Ditchline with a section of defunct hedge and occasional scattered scrub. Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Urtica dioica Nettle F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Galium album Hedge Bedstraw O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Phleum pratense Timothy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O



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Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Galium aparine Cleavers R Hedera helix Ivy R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 801 Species-poor hedges and ditchlines with occasional trees. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Corylus avellana Hazel O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Sambucus nigra Elder R Target Note 802

This is a large area of flat improved pasture with some scattered clumps of hard rush growing through the short sward, There is a tall dense hawthorn hedge along the western end of the northern edge, with some tall willows. There is a ditch all along the northern edge, to the east this becomes open and dominated by a strip of reed growth. The eastern and southern edges are also ditch lines, with various scattered scrub growth and short sections of hedge. On the western side the sward is grazed down to the edge of a broad northern flowing watercourse. Plant species from the edges and ditches around this large rye-grass dominated pasture are listed.

Phragmites australis Reed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F



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Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Carex disticha Brown Sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Carex remota Remote Sedge R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Senecio erucifolius Hoary Ragwort R

Target Note 803

A complex boundary feature with a generally well-vegetated ditch down the centre with little open water showing. There is a clipped low hedge along the southern side but unmanaged tall hawthorns dotted along the north side, with much bramble below. Where the water is not shaded by dense growth of macrophytes, or the hedge/scrub canopy, it has a desne cover of duckweed. To the west the hawthorn on the north side merges into a dense tall hedge.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phragmites australis Reed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O



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Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Target Note 804 This is a tall hawthorn hedge along the western side of a field of improved grassland, spreading across a shaded ditch where the main vegetation is some sparse duckweed. The hedge is grazed to the base from both sides. A similar hedge and shaded ditch also forms the southern boundary of the same field, but here there are some small open stretches with tall reed along the hedgeline. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Carex remota Remote Sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Hedera helix Ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 805 Ditches adjacent to and at right angles to, Meer Wall (track). Banksides are poached. Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail A Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phragmites australis Reed F Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 806 Outgrown (4m tall) species-poor hedge with shaded wet ditch beneath. Some small sections of ditch are accessible and unshaded. Small amounts of aquatic vegetation is growing in these places.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Carex remota Remote Sedge O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phragmites australis Reed O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O



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Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 807 Ditchline with species-poor hedge (5m) which is defunct in places. Some sections of ditch are open and have aquatic plants present. Banks are poached. Scattered bramble scrub is present along the southern bank.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Carex remota Remote Sedge F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Phragmites australis Reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Carex sp. Sedge species R Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R

Target Note 808 Ditchline with species-poor hedge (defunct in places) Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail R

Target Note 809 Outgrown, species-poor hedge along one side of a wet ditch. Hedge is up to 5m tall.



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Lemna sp. Duckweed species D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Carex remota Remote Sedge O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fern R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 810 Very shallow ditch, almost dry in places. Lots of marginal and aquatic vegetation present. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Carex sp. Sedge species O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Epilobium sp. Willowherb species R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R

Target Note 811 Poor semi-improved grassland with numerous thin strips of marshy grassland in low depressions across field (historic field drains). Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Bellis perennis Daisy O Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Carex sp. Sedge species O Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Luzula campestris Field Woodrush O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Trifolium repens White Clover O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R

Target Note 812 Semi-improved grasslands present both sides of Meer Wall (track).



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Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Bellis perennis Daisy O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed O Odontites verna Red Bartsia O Oenanthe pimpinelloides Corky-fruited Water-dropwort O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R

Target Note 813 Field boundary features west of Meer Wall . Mostly open drains with occasional hedged sections. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail F Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Populus tremula Aspen O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Hedera helix Ivy R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R

Target Note 814 Boundary features north of Mear Wall track. Mostly open drains with some hedged sections. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Phragmites australis Reed F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Populus tremula Aspen F Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Urtica dioica Nettle F Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Odontites verna Red Bartsia O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Viscum album Mistletoe O



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Target Note 815 Semi-improved grassland field. Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Bellis perennis Daisy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Phragmites australis Reed R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 816 Short section of species-poor hedge and trees on one side of wet ditch. Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Acer campestre Field Maple R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Viscum album Mistletoe R

Target Note 817 Ditch lines with low (2m tall) flailed species-poor hedge present on one side. Occasional trees also Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hedera helix Ivy O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Acer campestre Field Maple R Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R



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Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Galium aparine Cleavers R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Ulmus glabra Wych Elm R

Target Note 818 Species-poor hedge managed on one side of ditch and unmanaged on other forming a step-like shape. Ditch is shaded beneath. There are some occasional trees present.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Acer campestre Field Maple O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 819 Low flailed, species-poor hedge (1.5m tall) with shaded wet ditch beneath. Western section is only hedged on one side of ditch.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Primula veris Cowslip R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix caprea Goat Willow R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 820 Wet ditch. Tipping is present in ditch. Phragmites australis Reed F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Lemna minor Common Duckweed R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R

Target Note 821 Section of species-poor hedge and trees with shaded wet ditch beneath. Hedge is flailed to 2m tall.



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Ditch becomes dry in places.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 822 Low flailed species-poor hedges (2m) with occasional trees. There are also ditches present, these are shaded beneath the hedges. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Lemna minor Common Duckweed R Tamus communis Black Bryony R

Target Note 823 Poor semi-improved field. Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Bellis perennis Daisy O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil O

Target Note 824 Tall hedge (3-4m tall) with occasional trees. Shallow ditch is present beneath. ditch becomes dry in places. Some sections of ditch are open on one side. Sides of hedge are flailed.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Urtica dioica Nettle O Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Target Note 825



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This is a quite broad strip along the north side of the public footpath with a hedge and narrowly reed-fringed ditch. South of the reeds is a broad strip of tall ruderal herbs and coarse grasses, dominated by nettle. Both sides of hedge surveyed.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Phragmites australis Reed F Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Bellis perennis Daisy O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Mentha aquatica Water Mint O Phyllitis scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Hypericum tetrapterum Square-stalked St John's-wort R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Primula veris Cowslip R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Senecio jacobaea Ragwort R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 826 This is the western continuation of the hedge and ditch along the northern side of the public footpath. The broad verge is mainly tall ruderal herbs and the ditch mainly reedmace dominated at its eastern end. The hedge is dominated by blackthorn and hawthorn and continues west to the next ditch junction, with some minor gaps.

Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Urtica dioica Nettle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Galium aparine Cleavers F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O



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Carex sp. Sedge species O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 827 Two hawthorn dominated hedges at right-angles with open ditches to the eastern and southern sides. These waters have little shading and much aquatic plant life thrives in the clear water, they also link to further open ditches to the west.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Quercus robur English Oak O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed R

Target Note 828 This is a westwards continuation of a low cut hedge, but here is tall with much flowering hawthorn and ash trees growing through. The tall hedge and tree growth shade an almost hidden ditch along its base.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O



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Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 829 This is a broad unshaded ditch course that looks recently cleared (Autumn 2011?), the water has a brownish hue but is clear and has little shading from bankside growth. The ditch edge is fenced on the western side where there is a large sheep-grazed field of improved pasture.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Carex sp. Sedge species O Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Urtica dioica Nettle O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Quercus robur English Oak R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water speedwell R

Target Note 830 A partly overgrown section of ditch with much reed and some scrub growth and an unmanaged, partly gappy, hedge on the north side. The hedge has no trees until the extreme western end where there is some tall crack willow with a small pond to the north with a pair of nesting mute swans at its edge.

Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F



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Urtica dioica Nettle F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 831 The western continuation of a fragmentary blackthorn and hawthorn hedge along the northern side of a narrow reed-dominated ditch. No water surface is visible through the tall vegetation. At the western end the ditch bank is grazed on the north side and there is scrub/hedge on the southern bank. A similar fenced, shaded and reed-lined ditch continues also along the western side of the same field.

Phragmites australis Reed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O

Target Note 832 A section of open ditch with both banks grazed but with some fragmentary hawthorn hedge surviving on the western bank. There is very little open water but a dense cover of duckweed except where not shaded by reed growth or overhanging hawthorn, however the water does appear to be clear and clean.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Hedera helix Ivy R Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 833 Sections of species-poor hedges with shaded ditches beneath, some short sections of ditch are open on one side.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O



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Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phragmites australis Reed O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Acer campestre Field Maple R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Calystegia sp. Bindweed species R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Populus sp. Poplar species R Quercus robur English Oak R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Viscum album Mistletoe R

Target Note 834 Open drains - aquatic and bankside vegetation. Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species A Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lagarosiphon major Curly Waterweed O Lysimachia nummularia Creeping Jenny O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Medicago lupulina Black Medick R Myriophyllum sp. Water-milfoil species R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 835 Brandeer Rhyne - bankside and aquatic vegetation. Phragmites australis Reed A Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip R Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort R

Target Note 836 Semi-improved grassland fields south of Dolemoor Lane. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Plantago major Greater Plantain R Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil R

Target Note 837 Field boundaries. Species-poor hedgerows with associated ditches. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Hedera helix Ivy A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Quercus robur English Oak O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Ulmus glabra Wych Elm O



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Juncus effusus Soft Rush R

Target Note 838 Poor semi-improved grassland field with lines of newly planted trees (whips) along the field Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Trifolium repens White Clover O

Target Note 839 Open drain, 2m wide. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phragmites australis Reed F Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R

Target Note 840 Ephemeral/short perennial vegetation on area of hardcore adjacent to building. Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail F Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed F Medicago lupulina Black Medick F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard F Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Papaver rhoeas Common Poppy R Phragmites australis Reed R Sherardia arvensis Field Madder R

Target Note 841 Short-grazed poor semi-imporved grassland fields. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Trifolium repens White Clover A Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Centaurea nigra Knapweed R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 842 Wide, shallow profiled ditch with young scrub along banks.



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Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O

Target Note 843 Outgrown species-poor hedge (5m tall, 4m wide) with heavily shaded ditch beneath. Ditch becomes less shaded to the north where reed is dominant.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Phragmites australis Reed O Acer campestre Field Maple R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 844 Poor semi-mproved grassland field, less well grazed than neighbouring fields. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Trifolium repens White Clover A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Plantago major Greater Plantain F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort R

Target Note 845 Species-poor, un-managed defunct hedge with shallow vegetated ditch adjacent. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Cardamine sp. Bitter-cress Species F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort R

Target Note 846 Overgrown, species-poor hedge with heavily shaded ditch beneath. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Phragmites australis Reed A Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Hedera helix Ivy O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Acer campestre Field Maple R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Salix alba White Willow R Salix caprea Goat Willow R



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Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R

Target Note 847 Open ditchlines. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R

Target Note 848 Open ditchline along Weston Road. A strip of bramble is adjacent with scattered ash, oak and willow trees present.

Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O

Target Note 849 Species-poor hedge along western side of access road to travellers site. The hedge is unmanaged with a heavily shaded ditch beneath. It is up to 4m tall with blackthorn spreading into the adjacent field.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Hedera helix Ivy F Acer campestre Field Maple O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Corylus avellana Hazel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 850 Short strip of broad-leaved plantation along Weston Road. Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Acer campestre Field Maple F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Quercus robur English Oak F Corylus avellana Hazel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O



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Ulmus sp. Elm species O Hyacinthoides hispanica Spanish Bluebell R

Target Note 851 Species-poor hedge along eastern side of access road to travellers site. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R

Target Note 852 Ditch with defunct hedge and trees. Ditch is pooled at the western end. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Urtica dioica Nettle O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 853 Ditch with immature hawthorn hedge along west bank. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 854 Section of ditch with species-poor hedge and trees (occasional trees) on north side of ditch. Poached banks.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Phragmites australis Reed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort R

Target Note 855



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Ditchline with unmanaged hedge adjacent. Hedge is species-poor and largely defunct, however dense bramble borders much of the ditch. There is an area of ditch dug creating a cattle watering pool.

Lemna sp. Duckweed species D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble D Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Hedera helix Ivy O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R

Target Note 856 Tall (4m) species-poor hedge with occasional trees. Ditch is shaded on one side by hedge and bramble on the other. Some sections are open and not shaded.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Acer campestre Field Maple O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Ulmus procera English Elm O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 857 New Rhyne - Open, wide ditch. Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Phragmites australis Reed O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Primula veris Cowslip R

Target Note 858 Ditch and species-poor hedge present on south and east boundaries of an field of mature orchard with cattle grazing. There is also some occasional trees. Ditch is open along one edge. Little aquatic vegetation present in south. There is increased presence of aquatic species in eastern ditch line.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D



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Lemna sp. Duckweed species A Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Hedera helix Ivy F Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Acer campestre Field Maple R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Fagus sylvatica Beech R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Salix viminalis Osier R Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 859 Wet ditch with bramble scrub on north bank and occasional hawthorn and willow scrub/trees on south Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Salix species Willow species A Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Urtica dioica Nettle O Corylus avellana Hazel R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 860 Semi-improved field grazed by horses. West of Moorland Park. North and east boundaries of field have lines of newly planted willow trees.

Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Speedwell O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R

Target Note 861



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Open ditch. Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Phragmites australis Reed O Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R

Target Note 862 Quite disturbed and weedy field with bank and hedge in northern part, parallel to main road. Reed and brambles along northern edge.

Target Note 863 A horse grazed field with hedges on three sides (southern boundary is fenced)

Target Note 864 Following the track north to the northern fields of Heathgate Farm. This area lies to the west of the footpath and is bounded by a ditch and hedge along its southern edge and a watercourse along the western side. The field is mainly improved pasture but with some nettle patches. There is an area of bare disturbed ground north of the footpath where it turns sharply to the west. The western watercourse has a line of four weeping willows along the southern part.

Species listed are from along the watercourse and its banks.

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phragmites australis Reed O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Pulicaria dysenterica Fleabane O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix x chrysocoma Weeping Willow O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Potentilla anserina Silverweed R Quercus robur English Oak R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 865 Field of heavily grazed improved pasture, bramble-edged ditchline from south continues along the



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eastern side of the field.

Target Note 866 This a flat area of grazed improved pasture surrounded by ditches and hedges. Plant species from the ditch, scrub and hedge fringes on all four sides are listed.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Urtica dioica Nettle O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Bellis perennis Daisy R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Pulicaria dysenterica Fleabane R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R

Target Note 867 This is a further area of flat grazed improved grassland. On the western side there is an open drainage ditch that is grazed on both banks. The southern and eastern boundaries have a mix of scrub growth hedgerow and trees. The northern edge is also bounded by an open ditch, with much alga present but still clear flowing water. Plant species found along these boundaries are listed below.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O



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Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Carex sp. Sedge species O Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phragmites australis Reed O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Watercress O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Galium aparine Cleavers R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Hedera helix Ivy R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Primula veris Cowslip R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water speedwell R

Target Note 868 Hedge and ditch, with some trees, along the southern edge of a large field of improved grassland. This note also includes the western boundary which has a broad ditch with a hedge on the western bank but only scattered bramble scrub on the eastern bank, within the target note area.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O



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Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Carex remota Remote Sedge R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water speedwell R

Target Note 869 Congresbury Yeo. River, slow flowing 5-6m wide. Banks are vegetated mainly by bramble and nettle. Member of the public stated an otter family has been seen in this location in previous years. Raised banks (grassed) run parallel to the river along both sides.

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Lemna sp. Duckweed species R Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort R Myosotis scorpioides Water Forget-me-not

Target Note 870 Tall semi-improved grassland with some wet areas, inluding a pond. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Carex sp. Sedge species R Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R Juncus bufonius Toad Rush R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil R Vicia tetrasperma Smooth Tare R



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Target Note 871 Round, medium sized field pond north of Congresbury Yeo. Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass D Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Veronica catenata Pink Water-speedwell O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Carex panicea Carnation Sedge R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw R Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R Juncus bufonius Toad Rush R Plantago major Greater Plantain R Potentilla anserina Silverweed R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed R

Target Note 872 Wet ditch, completely vegetated by reed with scattered hawthorn scrub along banks. A defunct hedge and trees is present in the east. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Urtica dioica Nettle O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony R Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R Senecio aquaticus Marsh Ragwort R

Target Note 873 Semi-improved grassland fields south of Heathgate Farm and Pool Farm Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O



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Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Phleum pratense Timothy O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Festuca rubra Red Fescue R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle R

Target Note 874 Species-poor hedgerows and trees with largely shaded dtches south of Heathgate Farm. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Ulmus glabra Wych Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Epilobium montanum Broad-leaved Willowherb O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil O Trifolium repens White Clover O Corylus avellana Hazel R Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 875 Hedgerows and associated ditches bordering the arable fields south of Pilhay Farm. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phleum pratense Timothy F Phragmites australis Reed F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Sambucus nigra Elder F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O



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Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Juncus bufonius Toad Rush O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Ulmus procera English Elm O

Target Note 876 Ditch and specieis-poor hedge bordering the A370. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Hedera helix Ivy A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Ballota nigra Black Horehound O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O

Target Note 877 Poor semi-improved grassland south of New Rhyne. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O



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Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O

Target Note 878 Species-poor hedgerows with occasional trees and associated ditches. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherb O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Ulmus procera English Elm O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Malus pumila Apple R

Target Note 879 Drain, quite open with a defunct, scrubby hedge presnet. A band of tall ruderal borders the ditch along much of the northern bank. Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Lemna sp Duckweed species F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 880 Defunct hedge with trees along surfaced track with adjacent ditch. Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Lemna sp Duckweed Species O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R

Target Note 881 New Rhyne - Open drain. Callitriche platycarpa Various-leaved Water-starwort A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium album Hedge Bedstraw O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Malva sylvestris Common Mallow O



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Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort O Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R

Target Note 882 Southern bank of Congressbury Yeo. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort A Phleum pratense Timothy A Urtica dioica Nettle A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Galium aparine Cleavers F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 883 Outgrown hawthorn dominated hedge shading adjacent drain. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O



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Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Plantago major Greater Plantain R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R

Target Note 884 A long north/south oriented field of improved grassland with a drainage ditch along its eastern side with much scrub/hedge/trees along its eastern bank. There are short stretches of reed but most of the ditch is shaded under the canopy of the hedge and trees. In the northern half there is a line of planted crack willows, and a few other species (poplars, rowan, beech), along the western side of the eastern ditch. There is also minor planting of exotic shrubs at the northern end of the eastern hedge.

Plants listed are from the eastern ditch and hedge complex.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phragmites australis Reed F Urtica dioica Nettle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Amelanchier lamarckii Juneberry R Betula pendula Silver Birch R Carex remota Remote Sedge R Crataegus laevigata Midland Hawthorn R Fagus sylvatica Beech R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Populus nigra Black Poplar agg. R Populus x canescens Grey Poplar R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rosa rugosa Japanese Rose R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R Sorbus aucuparia Mountain Ash R Sorbus aucuparia Rowan R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Tamarix gallica Tamarisk R Taxus baccata Yew R



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Target Note 885 Open ditch with frequent marginal and aquatic vegetation. Occasional crack willow trees along western end and very short section of defunct hedge.

Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Phragmites australis Reed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Oenanthe fistulosa Tubular Water-dropwort O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw R Potentilla anserina Silverweed R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 886 Semi-improved grassland with a number of tall ruderal herb species present within the sward. Short hawthorn, blackthorn and bramble dominated hedge is present along the southern ditch. A defunct hedge is along the eastern ditch Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Phleum pratense Timothy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R Urtica dioica Nettle R Vicia tetrasperma Smooth Tare R Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent R Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain R

Target Note 887



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Tall flailed, species-poor hedge over completely shaded ditch. Hedge is 3-4m tall and 4m wide. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 888 Very short grazed improved grassland along dove. Hedged and ditch Both sides. Hedge on north boundary is tall and wide (5m x 4m) shading the ditch beneath. Hedge on the south boundary is defunct again with an adjacent ditch. Hedges are species-poor. Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Trifolium repens White Clover A Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Plantago major Greater Plantain F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Bellis perennis Daisy O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley R Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear R

Target Note 889 Area of semi-improved grassland with some bare ground patches with some ephemeral/short perennial vegetation. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Phleum pratense Timothy A Plantago major Greater Plantain A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Cichorium intybus Chicory O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Epilobium sp. Willowherb species R

Target Note 890 Section of species-poor hedge with trees along Weston Road. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O



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Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 891 Open field drain, parallel with Weston Road. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Urtica dioica Nettle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil R

Target Note 892 Tall and wide species-poor hedge (4m tall, 4m wide) over heavily shaded ditch. Occasional ash trees are also present.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle R

Target Note 893 Wide open drain (3m wide) Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Equisetum sp. Horsetail species O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cichorium intybus Chicory R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Myosotis scorpioides Water Forget-me-not R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R

Target Note 894 Thin ditch (1-1.5m wide). Open, with relatively short vegetation on banks. Equisetum sp. Horsetail species O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Phragmites australis Reed O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O



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Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Senecio jacobaea Ragwort R

Target Note 895 Semi-improved grassland east of Moorland Park. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Trifolium repens White Clover F Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O

Target Note 896 Specieis-poor hedge and shaded ditch along the southern edge of Weston Road. Some ornamental shrubs and occasional trees are present in the hedge. Japanese knotweed was also noted in hedge.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Lonicera sp. Honeysuckle species F Phragmites australis Reed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Corylus avellana Hazel O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O



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Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Ligustrum ovalifolium Garden Privet O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix alba White Willow O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Symphoricarpos albus Snowberry O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut R Fallopia japonica Japanese Knotweed R Salix viminalis Osier R Taxus baccata Yew R

Target Note 897 Gang Wall. An historic track along a raised bank with hedges and ditches bordering on both sides. The hedges are species-rich with occasioal trees. The hedge along southern edge becomes defunct at the western end.

Cornus sanguinea Dogwood A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phragmites australis Reed F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fern O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony O Galium album Hedge Bedstraw O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Phleum pratense Timothy O Polystichum setiferum Soft Shield-fern O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Silene dioica Red Campion O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O

Target Note 898 Semi-improved grassland surrounded by hedgerows and ditches south of the railway line.



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Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Medicago lupulina Black Medick F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch F Bellis perennis Daisy O Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Geranium molle Dove's-foot Cranesbill O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Oenanthe pimpinelloides Corky-fruited Water-dropwort O Phragmites australis Reed O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil O Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed O Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell O Juncus effusus Soft Rush R

Target Note 899 Species-poor hedgerows and associated ditches surrounding semi-improved grasslands with occasional mature crack willow trees present.

Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F



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Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Carex pendula Pendulous Sedge O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Ulmus glabra Wych Elm O

Target Note 900 Species-poor hedge with shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 901 Species-poor hedge with shaded ditch beneath. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 902 Species-poor hedge (2m tall) with shaded ditch beneath. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 903 Species-poor hedge 2m tall, 1.5m wide. Shallow damp ditch at base- densely vegetated and shaded. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Hedera helix Ivy O Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species O Phragmites australis Reed O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 904 Biddle Street Rhyne (2-3m wide). Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F



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Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Phragmites australis Reed F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 905 Sections of species-poor defunct hegde along drain. Gaps in hedge are filled with reed and bramble. Hedge is 2m tall, 1.5m wide. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Lemna sp. Duckweed species F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Elodea canadensis Canadian Pondweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 906 Species-poor hedge with shaded ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Lemna sp Duckweed Species O Phragmites australis Reed O Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R

Target Note 907 Railway sidings. Consits of a defunct hedge adjacent to the field (4m tall, 2m wide). There is also a dense area of bramble and reed. The adjacent field has been seeded with rye-grass. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F



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Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 908 Dicth, 2m wide with clear water. Banks have a shallow profile and are poached. Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush D Juncus effusus Soft Rush D Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort A Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush A Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Ranunculus circinatus Circular-leaved Water-crowfoot A Galium uliginosum Fen Bedstraw F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water speedwell R

Target Note 909 Section of Biddle Street Rhyne, a largely open ditch (2m wide) with occasional scattered scrub. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass A Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Galium uliginosum Fen Bedstraw O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Ranunculus circinatus Circular-leaved Water-crowfoot O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water speedwell R

Target Note 910 Species-poor hedge with adjacent ditch, Occasional trees are present at the southern end. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 911 Poor semi-improved grassland. Cattle grazed. Heavy poaching at east of field near to ditch.



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Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Bellis perennis Daisy O Epilobium sp. Willowherb species O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Phleum pratense Timothy O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Trifolium repens White Clover O Carex sp. Sedge species R

Target Note 912 Cattle grazed semi-improved grassland field. A wetter area is present near to railway, where hard rush and creeping bent occur. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Phleum pratense Timothy O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Carex sp. Sedge species R Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R

Target Note 913 Very shallow open ditch with heavily cattle poached banks within a semi-improved grassland field. It meets the bank running along Congresbury Yeo and opens out into a small area of swamp. The ditch then continues southwards along base of bank towards the railway line.

Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Potentilla anserina Silverweed R

Target Note 914 Derelict, ruined stone building. Majority does not have a roof, but part has a corrugated iron roof. Open stone door and a number of small cavities in wall.

Target Note 915 Defunct, short hedge (1.5m tall, 1m wide) along fenceline. Hedge is on bank above a ditch. Bank to north of ditch is mainly bare earth. There is also a bare earth strip (cattle poached track) present in field to north, parallel with the ditch.

Lemna sp D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Rosa arvensis Field Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 916



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Wemberham Lane Rhyne - 2-3m wide. Water is mostly open with some marginal vegetation. Phragmites australis Reed A Elodea sp. Pondweed Species F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Myriophyllum sp. Water-milfoil species F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Alga sp. Algal species O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Urtica dioica Nettle O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R

Target Note 917 Bankside, marginal and aquatic vegetation present associated with open drains (some with defunct species-poor hedges adjacent) around field boundaries. Including and north of Congresbury Yeo. Cogresbruy Yeo is borded by 2m high bunds of grazed grassland.

Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort A Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Urtica dioica Nettle F Veronica beccabunga Brooklime F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Trifolium repens White Clover O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 918 Semi-improved grassland fields between Congresbury Yeo and Wemberham House.



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Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Bellis perennis Daisy O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Oenanthe pimpinelloides Corky-fruited Water-dropwort O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 919 Semi-improved grassland south of Congresbury Yeo. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Bellis perennis Daisy O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O

Target Note 920 Pond in semi-improved grassland, south of Congresbury Yeo. Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F



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Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed F Veronica catenata Pink Water-speedwell F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Nymphaea alba White Water-lily O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O

Target Note 921 Open ditches between Congresbury Yeo and the railway line. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R

Target Note 922 Species-poor hedge with shaded ditch. Strip of unmanaged SI along hedge. Hedge is becomes defunct to the south.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Phragmites australis Reed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O



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Phleum pratense Timothy O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle R

Target Note 923 Tall and narrow species-poor hedge, (4m tall, 0.5m wide). A ditch is present adjacent. There is also a short line of planted willow trees parallel to the hedge at the northern end.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lemna sp Duckweed Species O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R

Target Note 924 Tall (4-5m tall and 3-4m wide), slightly overgrown species-poor hedge with heavily shaded ditch. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Hedera helix Ivy O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 925 Overgrown (3m tall, 3m wide) species-poor hedgerow with heavily shaded ditch. Hedge is dominated by bramble in places.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Urtica dioica Nettle F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Malus sp. Apple Species R Phragmites australis Reed R Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle R

Target Note 926 Ditch, 2m wide with scattered hawthorn and bramble scrub edges becoming a defunct hedge at one end. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A



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Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Urtica dioica Nettle F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 927 Species-poor outgrown hedge (5m tall) with internal, shaded ditch. Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 928 Species-poor hedge (2m tall) with internal ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phragmites australis Reed F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 929 Field drain, 2m wide with steep 3m high earth banks. Phragmites australis Reed A Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort F Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F

Target Note 930 Species-poor hedge (4m tall) with internal ditch.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 931 Field ditch (2m wide) with hedge on south bank. Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species A Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort F



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Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O

Target Note 932 Ditch, 2m wide with clear water. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass D Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass A Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Myriophyllum sp. Water-milfoil species F

Target Note 933 Poor semi-improved grassland fields north of Wemberham Lane. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog D Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Luzula campestris Field Woodrush F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil O Elytrigia repens Common Couch R Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil R

Target Note 934 Species-poor hedge and trees (mature) with very shaded ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Quercus robur English Oak F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Phragmites australis Reed R

Target Note 935 Small field containing young planted trees over rough tussocky grassland (poor semi-improved). There is an area of tall ruderal herbs at eastern end. Overgrown species-poor hedges (5m tall, 4m wide) border the field.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Acer campestre Field Maple R Alnus glutinosa Alder R



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Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Prunus sp. Cherry species R

Target Note 936 Green lane. Some hardcore on track although mainly grassy. Hedges on both sides, 2-3m tall . Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Trifolium repens White Clover F Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Epilobium sp. Willowherb species O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus bufonius Toad Rush O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard O Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Melilotus sp. Melilot species R Phragmites australis Reed R Quercus robur English Oak R Senecio jacobaea Ragwort R Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed R

Target Note 937 Overgrown species-poor hedge over dry ditch. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Urtica dioica Nettle F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O

Target Note 938 Open ditch with short defunct hedge at western end. Lemna sp A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Urtica dioica Nettle F Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Chenopodium album Fat-hen R Epilobium sp. Willowherb species R Ulmus sp. Elm species R

Target Note 939 Tall hedge (5m tall, 3m wide) over wet fairly shaded ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Urtica dioica Nettle O Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 940



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Semi-improved grassland field with very young planted trees scattered across the field. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Phleum pratense Timothy O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Carpinus betulus Hornbeam R Corylus avellana Hazel R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 941 Improved grassland fields. Buzzard observed feeding on ground. Family of grey partridge also observed. Owl box present on post in hedge.

Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Phleum pratense Timothy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium repens White Clover F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle R

Target Note 942 Open ditch, 3m wide. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phragmites australis Reed O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R

Target Note 943 Semi improved grassland fields. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Carex hirta Hairy Sedge F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F



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Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Phragmites australis Reed O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O

Target Note 944 Species-poor hedges and associated ditches west of Cranmoor Lane. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Galium aparine Cleavers F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Ulmus procera English Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Phleum pratense Timothy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 945 Species-poor hedges (defunct in places) and ditches bordering arable fields north of Little River. Calystegia sp. Bindweed species A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F



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Atriplex prostrata Spear-leaved Orache F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Stellaria media Chickweed O

Target Note 946 Little River - bankside, marginal and aquatic vegetation present adjacent to arable fields. Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A Elytrigia repens Common Couch A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Lagarosiphon major Curly Waterweed A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Phragmites australis Reed O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Veronica sp. Veronica species O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 947 Rough grassland dominated by Yorkshire fog and ryegrass adjacent to Lampley Rhyne. Offers good reptile foraging habitat, with piles of waste and rubble suitable for hibernation.

Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog D Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O



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Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Medicago lupulina Black Medick R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 948 Dense scrub on slope dominated by field maple (8m tall). Adjacent to Lampley Road where it crosses the M5.

Acer campestre Field Maple D Hedera helix Ivy A Corylus avellana Hazel R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R

Target Note 949 Species-poor hedge on trackside. There is an Internal ditch, which becomes open at the southern end of the hedge.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Sambucus nigra Elder O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Malus sylvestris Crab-apple R

Target Note 950 Lampley Ryne, 3m wide. Banks are dominated by nettle and rough grassland. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Galium uliginosum Fen Bedstraw F Nasturtium officinale Watercress F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge R Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R

Target Note 951 Species-poor field hedge. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Ulmus procera English Elm O

Target Note 952 Species-poor hedge along track. Important hedge. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R



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Target Note 953 Species-poor hedge with internal ditch. Hedge is outgrown (5m tall, 5m wide). Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Phragmites australis Reed R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 954 Species-poor hedge & ditch. Ditch is densely shaded & overgrown for most of length but with some open sections at its southern end.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort D Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Nasturtium officinale Watercress F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Acer campestre Field Maple R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Phragmites australis Reed R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R

Target Note 955 Outgrown, species-poor hedge with internal ditch. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet A Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Malus sylvestris Crab-apple R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Phragmites australis Reed R

Target Note 956 Species-poor hedge with internal ditch. Hedge is outgrown to 5m tall, 4m wide. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 957 Species-poor, outgrown (4m tall) hedge with internal ditch. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O



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Ulmus procera English Elm O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R

Target Note 958 Species-poor hedge with heavilly shaded internal ditch. Hedge is outgrown to 5m tall. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 959 Ditch with scrub & short section of species-poor hedge. Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O

Target Note 960 Fishing lake with islands. Marginal species and amenity grassland is present on islands. Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F

Target Note 961 Species-poor hedge with shaded ditch beneath. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 962 Ditch with defunct and outgrown species-poor hedge adjacent. Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort A Phragmites australis Reed R Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort R

Target Note 963 Open ditch along Cranmoor Lane (2m wide). Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Potamogeton crispus Curled Pondweed O

Target Note 964 Section of Lampley Rhyne, 1.5m wide and open. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Phragmites australis Reed D Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F

Target Note 965 Outgrown species-poor hedge (4m tall, 4m wide) with ditch along Cranmoor Lane. Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Phragmites australis Reed F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O

Target Note 966 Species-poor hedge and ditch. Hedge is defunct and stops half way along the field boundary length. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Phragmites australis Reed D Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 967 Species-poor hedge with internal ditch. Ditch is heavily shaded but at southern end the hedge becomes defunct and the ditch is open.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Phragmites australis Reed D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Target Note 968 Semi-improved grassland field. Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome R Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bitter-cress R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil R Medicago lupulina Black Medick R

Target Note 969 Species-poor hedge with shaded internal ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed D



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Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 970 Species-poor hedge (2.5m tall) with mostly shaded internal ditch with some more open sections where marginal/aquatic vegetation is abundant.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 971 Species-poor hedge and trees with adjacent ditch. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Ulmus procera English Elm F Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Acer campestre Field Maple R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 972 Species-poor hedge and trees with adjacent ditch. Nearby pile of woody debris is good amphibian and reptile refugia.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Quercus robur English Oak F Ulmus procera English Elm O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 973 Species-poor hedge with internal ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 974 Species-poor hedge with shaded internal ditch. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Ulmus procera English Elm F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Quercus robur English Oak R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 975



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Ditch (open along one bank) with adjacent species-poor hedge. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 976 Specieis-poor hedge and ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed D Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 977 Species-poor hedge with shaded internal ditch. Adjacent brash pile providing potential amphibian and reptile refugia.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Phragmites australis Reed A Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Acer campestre Field Maple R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R

Target Note 978 Species-poor hedge with very shaded internal ditch. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 979 Species-poor hedge with shaded ditch.. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Phragmites australis Reed R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 980 Semi-improved grassland field. Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail D Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A



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Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Carex hirta Hairy Sedge F Centaurea nigra Knapweed F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil F Prunella vulgaris Selfheal F Bellis perennis Daisy O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy R

Target Note 981 Species-poor hedge with very shaded ditch. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed F Primula vulgaris Primrose F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 982 Open ditch (1.5m wide) with cattle grazed and poached banks, some scattered scrub is present along the ditch. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Carex hirta Hairy Sedge F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lysimachia nummularia Creeping Jenny F Nasturtium officinale Watercress F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phragmites australis Reed F Galium uliginosum Fen Bedstraw O Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R

Target Note 983 Species-poor hedge and trees with internal ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Quercus robur English Oak O Acer campestre Field Maple R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 984 Species-poor hedge with internal ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A



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Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Phragmites australis Reed F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 985 Outgrown, species-poor hedge (5m tall) with internal ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Malus sp. Apple Species R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 986 Species-poor hedge and internal ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Phragmites australis Reed F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 987 Open ditch, 1.5m wide. Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort A Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge R Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass R Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species R

Target Note 988 Little River, open and 3m wide. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort A Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Phragmites australis Reed F Elodea canadensis Canadian Pondweed O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Pulicaria dysenterica Fleabane O

Target Note 989 Specieis-poor, outgrown hedge (4m tall) with internal ditch. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Phragmites australis Reed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass F Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species F Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R



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Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R

Target Note 990 Short section of species-poor hedge and trees. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Acer campestre Field Maple O Ulmus procera English Elm O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 991 Species-poor hedge with shaded internal ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus sp. Cherry species A Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Sambucus nigra Elder O Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 992 Species-rich hedge with occasional trees and internal ditch.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose A Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert F Phragmites australis Reed F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Quercus robur English Oak O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 993 Outgrown species-poor hedge, 4m tall with internal ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phragmites australis Reed F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Quercus robur English Oak R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 994 Species-poor hedge, internal ditch is dry in places and completely shaded. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R



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Target Note 995 Species-poor hedge with internal ditch. Ditch is very shallow and and heavily. shaded. There are also some occasional trees amongst the hedge.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 996 Species-poor hedge with shaded and mostly dry ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Phragmites australis Reed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass R

Target Note 997 Species-poor hedge with internal ditch. Phragmites australis Reed D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 998 Species-poor hedge with shaded internal ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O

Target Note 999 Semi-improved grassland, recently cut for haylage. The un-cut margins have a good mix of species Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail D Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog D Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel A Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Centaurea nigra Knapweed F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Trifolium repens White Clover F



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Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R

Target Note 1000 Species-poor hedge (4 m tall) with shaded ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1001 Species-poor hedge with ditch. Hedge is flailed to 1.5m tall. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed D

Target Note 1002 Ditch with defunct, species-poor hedge on north bank. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Phragmites australis Reed D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Galium uliginosum Fen Bedstraw R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 1003 species-poor hedge (1.5m tall) with internal ditch. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 1004 Species-poor hedge with internal shaded ditch, some sections of which are dry. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Phragmites australis Reed F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1005 Species-poor hedge with internal ditch. Ditch is partially dried and shaded. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O



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Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Lemna minor Common Duckweed R Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 1006 Species-poor hedge with adjacent ditch containing abundant marginal and aquatic vegetation. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort A Phragmites australis Reed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 1007 species-poor hedge with internal shaded ditch. Ditch becomes dry in places. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O

Target Note 1008 Semi-improved grassland fields west of Kenn Road. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Bellis perennis Daisy O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O



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Oenanthe pimpinelloides Corky-fruited Water-dropwort O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 1009 Pond in semi-improved grassland. Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail F Carex hirta Hairy Sedge F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Veronica beccabunga Brooklime O Juncus effusus Soft Rush R

Target Note 1010 Species-poor hedgerows with occasional trees and associated ditches west of Kenn Road. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Taraxacum sp. Dandelion species F Acer campestre Field Maple O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Lamium album White Dead-nettle O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O Ulmus procera English Elm O



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Target Note 1011 Species-poor hedges with frequent mature trees and associated ditches surrounding small arable field east of Kenn Road.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Acer campestre Field Maple F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil F Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock F Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Carex remota Remote Sedge R

Target Note 1012 Tall unmanaged, species-poor hedgerow with occasional trees and a largely shaded wet ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Quercus robur English Oak F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Ulmus procera English Elm F Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Tamus communis Black Bryony O



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Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 1013 Unmanaged species-poor hedges with shaded wet ditches beneath. Northern section of hedge contains frequent trees.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Hedera helix Ivy F Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus sp. Cherry species O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Urtica dioica Nettle O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Potentilla anserina Silverweed R

Target Note 1014 Section of Rust Rhyne with occasional scrub. Banks are cattle poached. Lemna sp A Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phragmites australis Reed O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock R Veronica sp. Veronica species

Target Note 1015 Semi-improved grassland fields. Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Ornithopus perpusillus Bird's-foot O



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Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Trifolium repens White Clover O Centaurea nigra Knapweed R Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle R

Target Note 1016 Species-poor hedge (flailed low) along Lampley Road with ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Phragmites australis Reed F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Bryonia dioica White Bryony R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1017 Tall, species-poor hedge (3-4m) with shaded ditch beneath. Ulmus procera English Elm A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hedera helix Ivy O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R

Target Note 1018 Semi- improved grassland field. Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O



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Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O

Target Note 1019 Defunct species-poor hedge (flailed to 1.5m tall). Some sections are dominated by dense bramble growing on fence.

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Urtica dioica Nettle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R

Target Note 1020 Species-poor flailed hedges with wet ditches and strips of rank grassland adjacent. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Ulmus procera English Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Equisetum sp. Horsetail species O Galium aparine Cleavers O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Avena fatua Wild Oat R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Schedonorus arundinaceus Tall Fescue R Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort R

Target Note 1021 Section of ditch with rank grass/ tall ruderal herb strips along both sides with short sections of blackthorn dominated hedge also present.

Lemna sp D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Urtica dioica Nettle F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O



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Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue

Target Note 1022 Section of low flailed, species-poor hedge with a ditch (open along one side) adjacent. Occasional trees are present in the hedge, there is also a thin strip of neutral grassland (1m wide) along the hedge.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Hedera helix Ivy F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Carex remota Remote Sedge R Quercus robur English Oak R Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock R Trisetum flavescens Golden Oat-grass R

Target Note 1023 Section of Rust Rhyne. There is a strip of tall tuderal/rank grass and occasional scattered scrub and trees (many of which have been pollarded).

Lemna sp A Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Carex remota Remote Sedge O



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Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Trifolium repens White Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water speedwell O Epilobium sp. Willowherb species R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort R

Target Note 1024 Short section of drove/track not in regular use (overgrown). There are two wet ditches (eastern ditch is Rust Rhyne) either side of the modified neutral grassland centre. There is also a species-poor hawthorn hedge on the west side. North of this point the western boundary feature of the track has been removed and the land is now farmed right up to Rust Rhyne.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Galium aparine Cleavers O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 1025 Double, species-poor hedgerow along Russ Lane. There are thin strips of tall ruderal / rank neutral



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grassland next to the hedges. There are also some standard trees.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Galium aparine Cleavers F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Phleum pratense Timothy O Phragmites australis Reed O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Acer campestre Field Maple R Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R

Target Note 1026 Low flailed, hawthorn dominated species-poor hedges with shaded wet ditches beneath (west of Russ Lane).

Target Note 1027 Tall, species-poor hedge with occasional trees. There is also a shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Quercus robur English Oak F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Ulmus procera English Elm F Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Carex remota Remote Sedge O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Urtica dioica Nettle O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R

Target Note 1028 Unmanaged species-poor hedge and trees with shaded wet ditch beneath. Some sections of ditch are open and not totally shaded. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Phragmites australis Reed F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O



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Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Urtica dioica Nettle O Acer campestre Field Maple R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R

Target Note 1029 Poor semi-improved grassland field. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phleum pratense Timothy O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 1030 Species-poor semi-improved grassland with species-poor hedges along the field boundaries. Hedges are hawthorn dominated (2m tall, 2m wide) and occasionally flailed. Ditches are heavily shaded. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Populus alba White Poplar R Salix caprea Goat Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Ulmus sp. Elm species R

Target Note 1031 Poor semi-improved grassland. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Phleum pratense Timothy F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Holcus mollis Creeping Soft-grass O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O



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Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley R

Target Note 1032 Track off Kenn Road with adjacent wide area of tall ruderal vegetation. Hedge along road is tall (5m), outgrown and species-poor (hawthorn, grey willow, elder, blackthorn).

Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Urtica dioica Nettle A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Phleum pratense Timothy O Pulicaria dysenterica Fleabane O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R

Target Note 1033 Old track has now become heavily overgrown with scrub with tree-lines on either side. Ditches are heavily shaded.

Hedera helix Ivy A Urtica dioica Nettle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Salix caprea Goat Willow F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O

Target Note 1034 Fallow arable field with some maize regrowth. Persicaria maculosa Redshank D Persicaria lapathifolium Pale Persicaria O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R

Target Note 1035 Tall, overgrown species-poor hegdes with heavily shaded ditches beneath. North hedge contains mature trees. There is also a log pile at eastern the end of the hedge..

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Quercus robur English Oak R Sambucus nigra Elder R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R



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Target Note 1036 Sparse, overgrown hedge with trees (6m tall, 1.5m wide) with shaded ditch below. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Acer campestre Field Maple R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1037 Tall overgrown hedges with trees - some gaps. Heavily shaded ditches beneath. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fern R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Ulmus sp. Elm species R

Target Note 1038 Tall, species-poor hedge with trees. A ditch is present below, it is shaded but open to east. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Lemna sp Duckweed Species A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 1039 Hedgerow with trees either side of ditch (heavily shaded). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle A Galium aparine Cleavers F Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O



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Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Phragmites australis Reed R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix caprea Goat Willow R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R Tamus communis Black Bryony R Ulmus sp. Elm species R

Target Note 1040 Track (hardcore surface) with hedge and ditch either side. West hedge is tall (4m), thin and overgrown with shaded ditch with log pile and rubble pile at base. East hedge is short (1.5m -2m tall) and flailed with a dry ditch beneath. Both hedges are species-poor and contain trees.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Geranium pyrenaicum Hedgerow Cranesbill R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 1041 Section of a green lane. Track has some hardcore but also vegetated with modified neutral grassland. North hedge is 2m tall with heavily shaded ditch beneath. South hedge is tall (4-5m). Flailed at base and bushier and overgrown at top with shaded ditch beneath. Both hedges are species-poor and contain occasional trees.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Acer campestre Field Maple O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury O Phleum pratense Timothy O Quercus robur English Oak O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Urtica dioica Nettle O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R

Target Note 1042 Section of green lane. track is completely vegetated with modified neutral grassland. West hedge is



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2m tall, 2m wide with heavily shaded ditch. East edge is 6m tall, 3m wide again with shaded ditch. Hedge is bushy at top , flailed below. Aboth hedges are species-poor with very few trees present.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Acer campestre Field Maple O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Cytisus striatus Hairy Broom R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Malus sp. Apple Species R Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Sambucus nigra Elder R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 1043 Species-rich hedge and trees. Various heights with flailed sides. A heavilly shaded ditch is present beneath.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hedera helix Ivy O Quercus robur English Oak O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Ulmus procera English Elm O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1044 Semi-improved grassland field (long grass) with gravel track and spoil/rubble heaps at north end. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Trifolium repens White Clover O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R



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Matricaria discoidea Pineapple-weed R Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 1045 Private garden with amenity grassland, several ornamental ponds containing fish and many planted exotics shrubs.

Target Note 1046 Semi-improved grassland field. Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum distichon Barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Bellis perennis Daisy O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Taraxacum sp. Dandelion species O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cirsium dissectum R

Target Note 1047 Bankside, marginal and aquatic vegetation associated with Tynever Gout Rhyne and adjoining open ditches.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F



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Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Carex demissa Common Yellow Sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Hedera helix Ivy O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Persicaria maculosa Redshank O Phragmites australis Reed O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 1048 Species-poor hedgerows containing mature trees and ditches. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phleum pratense Timothy F Acer campestre Field Maple O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hordeum distichon Barley O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lapsana communis Nipplewort O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Quercus robur English Oak O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Taraxacum sp. Dandelion species O



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Target Note 1049 Small area of recently planted trees, tall ruderal herb vegetation and course grassland. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Corylus avellana Hazel A Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Urtica dioica Nettle A Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Salix species Willow species F Trifolium repens White Clover F Conium maculatum Hemlock O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Populus tremula Aspen O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix viminalis Osier R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R

Target Note 1050 Species-poor hedge. Flailed to 2m tall. A shaded wet ditch is present beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Hedera helix Ivy O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Salix alba White Willow R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 1051 Section of meandering ditch, with species-poor hedge and trees along one side. There are patches of tall ruderal herb/dense scrub along the banks. Some short sections of ditch are open.

Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A



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Urtica dioica Nettle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Hedera helix Ivy F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail R Quercus robur English Oak R Salix alba White Willow R Ulmus glabra Wych Elm R

Target Note 1052 Section of Mawkins Rhyne with a strip of species-poor hedge (flailed to 2m tall) along its length. There is also a band of tall ruderal herb/rough grassland adjacent.

Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lemna sp Duckweed Species O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1053 Section of tall (4m) species-poor hedge with occasional trees. There is a shaded wet ditch beneath. Hedge has flailed sides.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O



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Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Urtica dioica Nettle O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Tamus communis Black Bryony R

Target Note 1054 Short flailed, species-poor hedges (1.5-1.8m tall). Ditches are open on one side, approx. 1-2m wide. A 4m wide strip of tall ruderal vegetation is present along the east bank of the western ditch.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp Duckweed Species A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort A Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Phleum pratense Timothy F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Urtica dioica Nettle O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R

Target Note 1055 Tall species-poor hedge with trees alongside ditch. Hedge is thin and overgrown (6m tall, 1.5m wide) Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Hedera helix Ivy F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix caprea Goat Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 1056 Section of Mawkins Rhyne, 2m wide, contains a number of aquatic vegetation species. Patchy scrub along length likely to be remenants of hedgerow.

Lemna sp A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O



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Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Hypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wort R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Potamogeton crispus Curled Pondweed R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Schoenoplectus sp. Club-rush species R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 1057 Species-poor hedge, tall and bushy with occasional trees. Heavily shaded ditch beneath. Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Urtica dioica Nettle F Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Salix caprea Goat Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R Tamus communis Black Bryony R

Target Note 1058 Short flailed, species-poor hedges. Defunct in places. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Sambucus nigra Elder O

Target Note 1059 Semi-improved hay meadow. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog D



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Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass R Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R

Target Note 1060 Tall (3-4m) managed species-poor hedgerow. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Vicia sp. Vetch species O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 1061 Tall, species-poor hedge (6m tall, 3m wide). Flailed at base but overgrown at top. Majority of the adjacent ditch is dry.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Phragmites australis Reed R Sambucus nigra Elder R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R

Target Note 1062 Semi-improved grassland field. Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phleum pratense Timothy O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R

Target Note 1063 Species-poor hedge (2m tall, 1.5 wide) with a single mature English oak tree. A heavily shaded ditch lies beneath the hedge.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F



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Urtica dioica Nettle F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Phragmites australis Reed O Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 1064 Species-poor hedge with frequent English oak trees at its western end. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Quercus robur English Oak O

Target Note 1065 Species-poor defunct hedge over ditch (with frequent open sections). Phragmites australis Reed D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Lemna sp Duckweed species F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 1066 Small rectangle of broad-leaved plantation woodland. Hedera helix Ivy A Urtica dioica Nettle A Acer campestre Field Maple F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Prunus sp. Cherry species F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock F Salix species Willow species F Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O



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Plantago major Greater Plantain O Populus tremula Aspen O Quercus sp. Oak species O Sorbus aria Whitebeam O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Viburnum opulus Guelder-rose O

Target Note 1067 Rectangular fields of semi-improved grassland between Kenmoor Road and Lilypool Drove eclosed by hedgerows and ditches.

Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley D Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Phleum pratense Timothy O Urtica dioica Nettle O Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R

Target Note 1068 Managed species-poor hedge with shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Hedera helix Ivy F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F Urtica dioica Nettle F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phragmites australis Reed O Salix caprea Goat Willow O

Target Note 1069 Species-poor hedges and trees with shaded ditches beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort A Salix fragilis Crack Willow A Urtica dioica Nettle A Alnus glutinosa Alder F Hedera helix Ivy F



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Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Quercus robur English Oak O

Target Note 1070 Species-poor hedgerows with enclosed ditches along both sides of Kennmoor Road. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix caprea Goat Willow F Urtica dioica Nettle F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Hedera helix Ivy

Target Note 1071 Poor semi-improved grassland fields bounded by specieis-poor hedgerows and ditches. Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot D Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog D Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass A Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion A Trifolium repens White Clover A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O

Target Note 1072 Poor semi-improved grassland fields bounded by specieis-poor hedgerows and ditches. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Carex nigra Common Sedge R

Target Note 1073 Managed species-poor hedgerows with shaded ditches beneath. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O



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Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus glabra Wych Elm O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R

Target Note 1074 Semi-improved grassland fields bordered by ditches and occasional hedgerows. Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Festuca rubra Red Fescue A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Carex nigra Common Sedge F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Urtica dioica Nettle F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O

Target Note 1075 Lilypool Drove (track with hardcore base) bordered by trees, hedgerow and ditch both sides. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Phragmites australis Reed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Alnus glutinosa Alder O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lapsana communis Nipplewort O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium repens White Clover O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Urtica dioica Nettle O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle R



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Target Note 1076 Semi-improved grassland fields dominated by Yorkshire fog and creeping bent. Damp underfoot. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent D Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog D Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Ranunculus flammula Lesser Spearwort F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 1077 Semi-improved grassland field east of blackditch Rhyne. Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail D Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog D Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Poa sp. Meadow-grass species F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R

Target Note 1078 River Kenn - Bankside, marginal and aquatic vegetation. Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Myosotis scorpioides Water Forget-me-not O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix alba White Willow O



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Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Veronica catenata Pink Water-speedwell O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 1079 Improved grassland fields. Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Persicaria maculosa Redshank F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Lolium perenne Ryegrass

Target Note 1080 Species-poor hedgerow and ditch along south boundary of Nailsea Wall. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Hedera helix Ivy A Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Galium aparine Cleavers F Geranium pyrenaicum Hedgerow Cranesbill F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Persicaria maculosa Redshank F Plantago major Greater Plantain F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Ulmus procera English Elm F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Lamium album White Dead-nettle O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Phleum pratense Timothy O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O



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Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Populus tremula Aspen O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Stellaria media Chickweed O

Target Note 1081 Ditches and associated trees/sections of species-poor hedge along field boundaries between River Kenn and Decoypool Rhyne.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Nymphaea alba White Water-lily O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix alba White Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1082 Small area of semi-natural woodland dominated by mature oak, grazed beneath and surrounded by improved grasslands. Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Quercus sp. Oak species A Urtica dioica Nettle A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Holcus mollis Creeping Soft-grass F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O



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Stellaria media Chickweed O Hedera helix Ivy R

Target Note 1083 1m wide ditches containing abundant marginal and aquatic vegetation. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Phragmites australis Reed F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Moss sp. Moss species O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Urtica dioica Nettle O Equisetum sp. Horsetail species R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 1084 Tall, species-poor hedge along ditch. Hedge is 5-6m tall, 1.5m wide. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O

Target Note 1085 Wide, open recently cleared drain (Parish Brook). Only a small amount of aquatic vegetation present. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Lemna sp R Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead R Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 1086 Heavily vegetated ditch (particularly in more open sections) with defunct, species-poor hedgerow along western end (5m tall, 2m wide).

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Urtica dioica Nettle F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Phragmites australis Reed O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R

Target Note 1087



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Short section of outgrown, defunct hedge (species-poor) with a few trees. A very shallow marshy ditch is present below (heavily cattle poached).

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Urtica dioica Nettle F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Quercus robur English Oak R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 1088 Short species-rich hedge with a few ash trees. Shallow ditch below. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Corylus avellana Hazel O Digitalis purpurea Foxglove O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hedera helix Ivy O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Quercus robur English Oak R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1089 Semi improved grassland fields. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Trifolium repens White Clover O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass R Plantago major Greater Plantain R

Target Note 1090 Ten Feet Rhyne - recently cleared ditch with debris piled on bankside. Alga sp. Algal species F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort O



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Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Phragmites australis Reed O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Urtica dioica Nettle O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Sparganium emersum Unbranched Bur-reed R

Target Note 1091 Cleavdon boundary Rhyne - Marginal and aquatic vegetation. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed F Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O

Target Note 1092 Sections of ditchline to the north of Ten Feet Rhyne. There is some scattered scrub and trees present, also some sections of defunct hedge adjacent to the ditches. Ditches are densely vegetated. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 1093 Tall (4m), species-poor hedge with occasional trees and largely shaded ditch beneath. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O



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Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Rosa arvensis Field Rose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1094 Species-pooor hedgerow (4-5m tall) with heavily shaded ditch, mostly dry. There is an area of hawthorn dominated scrub at eastern end with crack willow also present.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1095 Parish brook. Abundant aquatic vegetation with strip of nettle, cow parsley and false oat-grass dominated tall ruderal/rank grassland adjacent.

Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species D Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R

Target Note B1096 Short sections of species-poor hedge and trees along ditch line. There is also some scattered scrub and trees adjacent to the ditches.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Urtica dioica Nettle F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Populus sp. Poplar species O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R



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Target Note 1097 Open stretches of wet ditch with abundant aquatic/marginal vegeation. Ditches are frequently dense with reed. There are however some sections with no reed present.

Phragmites australis Reed D Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Charaphyte sp. Charaphyte species R Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife R Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water speedwell R

Target Note 1098 Section of unmanaged secies-poor hedge and trees along one side of wet ditch. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Populus tremula Aspen A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Carex remota Remote Sedge O Equisetum sp. Horsetail species O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Populus sp. Poplar species O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Silene flos-cuculi Ragged Robin R Viburnum opulus Guelder-rose R

Target Note 1099 Large shallow pond with a deeper section to the east. It is within the southern half of a cattle grazed semi-improved grassland field. There is a band of marshy (rush dominated) grassland along the south and west edges of the pond. This band of marshy grassland links to a second pond in the

Bolboschoenus maritimus Sea Club-rush F Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush F Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O



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Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phragmites australis Reed O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Ranunculus flammula Lesser Spearwort O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Schoenoplectus tabernaemontanii Grey Club-rush O

Target Note 1100 Large shallow pond in northern half of cattle grazed, semi-improved grassland field. This pond has a very similar mix of species present (excluding greater reedmace) than the adjacent pond.

Target Note 1101 Ditches with a diverse mix of aquatic species, surrounding the cow grazed field containing two small ponds. The ditches are open with cattle poached banks.

Lemna sp Duckweed Species A Phragmites australis Reed A Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Charaphyte sp. Charaphyte species O Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush O Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hottonia palustris Water-violet O Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush O Lysimachia nummularia Creeping Jenny O Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Oenanthe fistulosa Tubular Water-dropwort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Ranunculus circinatus Circular-leaved Water-crowfoot O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Butomus umbellatus Flowering Rush R Carex sp. Sedge species R Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R Samolus valerandii Brookweed R

Target Note 1102 Cattle grazed, semi-imporved grassland field with two ponds and some rush dominated marshy grassland areas.

Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O



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Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Carex sp. Sedge species R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 1103 Ditches with occasional trees and scrub surrounding ryegrass, arable fileds to the west of the drove continuing north from Nailsea Wall Lane.

Phragmites australis Reed A Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Hottonia palustris Water-violet R Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water speedwell R

Target Note 1104 Ditchlines running parallel to the drove continuing north from Nailsea Wall Lane. Aquatic and marginal vegetation recorded. There is also some short sections of hedge, scattered scrub and trees noted.

Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Equisetum sp. Horsetail species F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Phragmites australis Reed F Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Charaphyte sp. Charaphyte species O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O



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Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Mentha aquatica Water Mint O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush R Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R Veronica sp. Veronica species R

Target Note 1105 Short sections of defunct species-poor hedge and trees at southern end of drove adjoining Nailsea Wall Lane.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Malva sylvestris Common Mallow O Populus sp. Poplar species O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R

Target Note 1106 Species-poor hedge. Western end is tall (5m). Eastern end consists of defunct hedge with oak trees. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Digitalis purpurea Foxglove R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Quercus robur English Oak R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1107 Breach Lane with hedge and drystone walls on both sides. Central track is grassed. Occasional mature oak and ash trees are present along lane.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Quercus robur English Oak F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Ilex aquifolium Holly O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O



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Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O Trifolium repens White Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R

Target Note 1108 Defunct species-poor hedge and mature oak trees, with a line of pollarded willow trees at east end Quercus robur English Oak F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Ilex aquifolium Holly O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O

Target Note 1109 Open ditch, well vegetated with occasional scattered scrub along its length. Juncus effusus Soft Rush A Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane R Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 1110 Tall, species-poor hedge by deep cut ditch (Parish Brook). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Hedera helix Ivy F Urtica dioica Nettle F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Corylus avellana Hazel O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Ilex aquifolium Holly O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Cotoneaster sp. Cotoneaster species R Digitalis purpurea Foxglove R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R



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Tamus communis Black Bryony R

Target Note 1112 Low, flailed hedge (1.5m tall, 1.5m wide) with occasional trees adjacent to Parish Brook. Corylus avellana Hazel A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hedera helix Ivy O Ilex aquifolium Holly O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Digitalis purpurea Foxglove R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Polypodium vulgare Polypody R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Quercus robur English Oak R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R Tilia sp. Lime species R

Target Note 1113 Speices-poor hedge flailed to 2m high. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Urtica dioica Nettle D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell F Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Syringa vulgaris Lilac F Ilex aquifolium Holly R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 1114 Species-poor hedge with integral ditch. Outgrown to 5m tall with some gaps. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ilex aquifolium Holly R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 1115 Flailed, species-rich hedge (2m tall) with with internal ditch. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Ulmus procera English Elm O Corylus avellana Hazel R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R



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Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1116 Inproved horse-grazed pasture dominated by ryegrass. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass A Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Bellis perennis Daisy F Plantago major Greater Plantain F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Phleum pratense Timothy O

Target Note 1117 Poor semi-improved grassland (horse grazed). Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O

Target Note 1118 Area of semi-improved grassland. Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass D Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail A Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous Buttercup F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O

Target Note 1119 Area of marshy grassland. Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail D Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass D Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower A Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush A Juncus effusus Soft Rush A Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail F Myosoton aquaticum Water Chickweed F

Target Note 1120 Wet ditch 1m wide, very slow flow. Banks up to 1m high mostly dominated by nettles. Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed D Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed D Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O



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Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Humulus lupulus Hop R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R

Target Note 1121 Well vegetaed, open ditch (1m wide). Banks are dominated by nettle Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort A Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F

Target Note 1122 Section of Parish Brook, 2m wide with clear, slow flowing water. Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort A Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Veronica beccabunga Brooklime R

Target Note 1123 Poor semi-improved grassland grazed to 10cm. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass O Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass O Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 1124 Field ditch (1m wide) with cattle poached banks domintaed by soft rush. Scattered scrub is present along uch of its length.

Hottonia palustris Water-violet D Juncus effusus Soft Rush A Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass R Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Silene flos-cuculi Ragged Robin R

Target Note 1125 Field ditch (1m wide) with soccasional scattered scrub along bank. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F



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Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R

Target Note 1126 Shaded ditch with little aquatic or marginal vegetation. Banks dominated by nettles and rank Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort A Urtica dioica Nettle A Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R

Target Note 1127 Section of open ditch (1m wide) along track with cattle poached east bank. Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed D Azolla filiculoides Water-fern A Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass A Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R

Target Note 1128 Section of open ditch (1m wide) along track. Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed D Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Lemna minor Common Duckweed R

Target Note 1129 Marshy grassland field. Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail D Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass A Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass R Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Ranunculus flammula Lesser Spearwort R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Schedonorus arundinaceus Tall Fescue R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R

Target Note 1130 Aquatic, marginal and bankside vegetation present within ditchlines along and adjoining a stretch of North Drove. The ditches are largely devoid of hedges and trees, however there are some areas of scattered scrub and trees. The ditch along the northern edge of the drove is most diverse in speices.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort F



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Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit F Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species F Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Alnus glutinosa Alder O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Charaphyte sp. Charaphyte species O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lemna sp Duckweed Species O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Myriophyllum sp. Water-milfoil species O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Veronica sp. Veronica species O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Hottonia palustris Water-violet R Mentha aquatica Water Mint R Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort R

Target Note 1131 section of drain. Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hottonia palustris Water-violet O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R



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Target Note 1132 Damp semi-improved fields with marshy, rush dominated centres. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Carex leporina Oval Sedge F Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush F Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Potentilla anserina Silverweed F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Ranunculus flammula Lesser Spearwort O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Senecio aquaticus Marsh Ragwort O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle R Festuca rubra Red Fescue R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 1133 Section of wet ditch with some stretches of species-poor hedge and trees. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Hedera helix Ivy O Hottonia palustris Water-violet O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Ilex aquifolium Holly O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Tamus communis Black Bryony R Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 1134



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Shallow ditches surrounding field and very shallow ditch (with little standing water, but abundant marginal vegetation) through centre of field.

Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Phragmites australis Reed F Urtica dioica Nettle F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle R Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 1135 Field of cattle grazed, poor semi-improved grassland. This field is a slightly higher level compared to surrounding land as it was once a tip (this information was provided by the farmer of this land).

Target Note 1136 Section of Parish Brook (3m wide) with tall ruderal herbs on northern bank. The southern bank is heavilly poach with no vegetation.

Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Urtica dioica Nettle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R

Target Note 1137 Track with grassy centre. A section of species-rich hedge present along the eastern boundary at the north end of the track (hedge is flailed to 1.5m tall). Dry stone wall borders the rest of the track with frequent bramble scrub on west wall. The track is bordered by both dry stone wall and species-poor hedge at the southern end.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Corylus avellana Hazel O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Polypodium vulgare Polypody O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fern R Digitalis purpurea Foxglove R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R



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Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Quercus sp. Oak species R Sambucus nigra Elder R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Stellaria holostea Greater Stitchwort R

Target Note 1138 Low flailed, species-poor hedge (2m tall, 1.5m wide). Ulmus sp. Elm species A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R Corylus avellana Hazel R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Lamium album White Dead-nettle R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Pteridium aquilinum Bracken R Sambucus nigra Elder R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 1139 Tall stone wall (2m) Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Ulmus sp. Elm species F Urtica dioica Nettle F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Cymbalaria muralis Ivy-leaved Toadflax O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Parietaria judaica Pellitory-of-the-Wall O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle O Umbilicus rupestris Wall Pennywort O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Asplenium ceterach Rustyback Fern R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Lamium album White Dead-nettle R Lapsana communis Nipplewort R Malva sylvestris Common Mallow R Polypodium vulgare Polypody R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R

Target Note 1140 Line of trees and hawthorn scrub patches. Thin strip of garden present along the eastern edge of this Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F



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Salix viminalis Osier F Urtica dioica Nettle F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Populus sp. Poplar species R

Target Note 1141 Outgrown, defunct species-poor hedge, mainly crack willow along Causeway Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Salix viminalis Osier O Sambucus nigra Elder O

Target Note 1142 Outgrown, tall hedge (4m tall, 2m wide) with occasional trees. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Urtica dioica Nettle F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R

Target Note 1143 Wide ditch (2-3m) which is beordered by hedge with trees north of Causeway House. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R

Target Note 1144 Semi-improved grassland field, damp in places with small patches of rush and sedge. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Carex hirta Hairy Sedge F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Phleum pratense Timothy O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Hypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wort R Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain R



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Potentilla anserina Silverweed R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R

Target Note 1145 Section of Parish Brook (3-4m wide) Recently clered with silt and vegetation piled on north barnk. Tall ruderal herbs present on south bank. The brook has very little aquatic vegetation at this point. A line of young sycamore and oak trees border part of the south bank adjacent to reseidential gardens.

Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Epilobium montanum Broad-leaved Willowherb O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Lemna sp Duckweed Species O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R

Target Note 1146 Open drain with abundant aquatic and marginal vegetation. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Potentilla anserina Silverweed F Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Lemna sp Duckweed Species O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass R Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R Rosa arvensis Field Rose R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Stachys palustris Marsh Woundwort R Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort R Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R

Target Note 1147 East end of Ten Feet Rhyne - Open ditch with steep peaty banks, 2m wide with shallow water with little aquatic vegetation.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lemna sp Duckweed Species O Urtica dioica Nettle O



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Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace R

Target Note 1148 Semi-improved grassland fields with some marshy areas. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Phleum pratense Timothy O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R Silene flos-cuculi Ragged Robin R Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle R Trifolium repens White Clover R

Target Note 1149 Drain, 1m wide. Vegetated at sides but water open. Further south (after field boundary) water becomes shallower and vegetated with rank grasses dominating bankside vegatation.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Elodea sp. Pondweed Species F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hottonia palustris Water-violet O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Urtica dioica Nettle O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species R Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R Mentha aquatica Water Mint R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 1150 Very shallow vegetated ditch with a number of grassed over areas where the ditch has been infilled with rubble.

Urtica dioica Nettle A Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F



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Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 1151 Well vegetated, shallow ditch with defunct, species-poor hedge and trees along part of its length. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Rosa arvensis Field Rose R

Target Note 1152 Short section of rhyne along track with species-poor hedge and trees adjacent (6m tall, 3m wide). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle A Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Acer campestre Field Maple R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle R

Target Note 1153 North Drove - gravel and earth track with rhynes and tall ruderal herbs/rank grassland along its sides. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Phragmites australis Reed O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Schoenoplectus sp. Club-rush species R

Target Note 1154 Field boundary heading north from Parish Brook. It starts at the southern end as overgrown species- poor hedge with occasional trees. An open, vegetated ditch then continues north.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A



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Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Juncus effusus Soft Rush A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Digitalis purpurea Foxglove R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil R Malva sylvestris Common Mallow R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 1155 1m wide ditch with open water and abundant reed at sides. Phragmites australis Reed A Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hypericum sp. St John's-wort O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead O Urtica dioica Nettle O Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R

Target Note 1156 Largely open and vegetated ditches, 1-2m wide. Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Alga sp. Algal species F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Lemna sp Duckweed Species O Phragmites australis Reed O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Epilobium sp. Willowherb species R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R

Target Note 1157 Semi-improved grasslands with damp areas containing frequent rush. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F



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Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Ranunculus flammula Lesser Spearwort O Potentilla anserina Silverweed R Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup R

Target Note 1158 Defunct, species-poor hedge with trees along ditchline. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Rosa arvensis Field Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Populus sp. Poplar species R

Target Note 1159 Dug out pond linking to ditch . Pond is approx 20m by 10m at wide end and 4m wide along thinner stretch. It is covered in algae. Two mink traps present on floating rafts. Shaded on one side by line of

Alga sp. Algal species D Urtica dioica Nettle F Alnus glutinosa Alder O Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lemna sp Duckweed Species O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Phragmites australis Reed R

Target Note 1160 Damp, semi-grassland fields. Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail D Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R

Target Note 1161 Field drain, 1m wide. Banks dominated by nettles and rushes. Hottonia palustris Water-violet A Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed A Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail R Glyceria x pedicellata R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R

Target Note 1162 Section of Ten Feet Rhyne, large field drain, 4m wide with little aquatic vegetation. Banks dominated



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by rank grass/tall ruderal herbs. Margins dominated by reed sweet-grass.

Target Note 1163 Field ditch, 1m wide with no flow.

Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed D Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort F Elodea canadensis Canadian Pondweed F Hottonia palustris Water-violet F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Ranunculus aquatilis Common Water-crowfoot R Silene flos-cuculi Ragged Robin R

Target Note 1164 Section of vegetated ditch (1m wide) along track with some scattered scrub along east bank. Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass D Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass D Phragmites australis Reed D Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed A Elodea canadensis Canadian Pondweed F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock O Barbarea vulgaris Winter-cress R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R

Target Note 1165 Section of drain along North Drove. One bank is dominated by reed, the other is dominated by cattle- poached grassland.

Phragmites australis Reed D Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit A Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed A Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R

Target Note 1166 Open ditch , 1m wide. Shallow, poached margins. Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed D Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail A Hottonia palustris Water-violet A Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit F Phragmites australis Reed F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Silene flos-cuculi Ragged Robin R

Target Note 1167 Damp semi-improved grassland fields



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Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail D Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Carex sp. Sedge species A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Ranunculus flammula Lesser Spearwort F Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush R

Target Note 1168 Semi-imprved grassland field with a good mix of damp grassland species. A sign on the gate into the field states this is a conservation area.

Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Juncus effusus Soft Rush A Carex sp. Sedge species F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Ranunculus flammula Lesser Spearwort F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Carex leporina Oval Sedge O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass O Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Potentilla erecta Tormentil O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Silene flos-cuculi Ragged Robin O Carex lepidocarpa Long-stalked Yellow Sedge R Centaurea nigra Knapweed R Senecio aquaticus Marsh Ragwort R

Target Note 1169 Drain, 1m wide. Heavily grazed on west bank, with reed and longer semi-improved grass on east bank. Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit A Alga sp. Algal species F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hottonia palustris Water-violet O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phragmites australis Reed O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O



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Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 1170 Improved grassland field, cattle poached soft and boggy (peaty) ground. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R

Target Note 1171 Ditch lines heading north from North Drove. Ditches are predominantly open with only the occasional tree and scattered scrub adjacent.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hottonia palustris Water-violet O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Oenanthe fistulosa Tubular Water-dropwort O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phragmites australis Reed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush R Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species R Lysimachia nummularia Creeping Jenny R Mentha aquatica Water Mint R Ranunculus flammula Lesser Spearwort R Stachys palustris Marsh Woundwort R

Target Note 1172 Small shallow pool. Could not get close access to pond due to very boggy ground. It appeared shallow and likely to dry out annually.

Target Note 1173 Semi-improved grassland field north of North Drove with some damp grassland species present. An area of rush dominated marshy grassland is also present in the south of the field.

Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A



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Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Phleum pratense Timothy O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Ranunculus flammula Lesser Spearwort O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Carex sp. Sedge species R Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail R Oenanthe fistulosa Tubular Water-dropwort R Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock R

Target Note 1174 Mostly open field ditches south of Ten Feet Rhyne. Some sections do, however, have almost intact species-poor hedges adjacent.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phragmites australis Reed A Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hedera helix Ivy O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lemna sp Duckweed Species O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead R

Target Note 1175 Open ditch (2m wide) along track. Trackside marigin dominated by dense stand iof reed. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Phragmites australis Reed D Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit F Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Typha angustifolia Small Reedmace R

Target Note 1176 Open ditch, 3m wide with cattle poached margins.



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Elodea canadensis Canadian Pondweed A Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass A Juncus effusus Soft Rush A Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed R Ranunculus flammula Lesser Spearwort R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R

Target Note 1177 Close-grazed, semi-improved damp grassland. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Bellis perennis Daisy O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Trifolium repens White Clover O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R

Target Note 1178 Field ditch, 3m wide with poached banks. Ditch is shaded by adjacent hedgerow. Juncus effusus Soft Rush D Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Phragmites australis Reed D Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R

Target Note 1179 Overgrown, species-poor hedge on ditch bank. Approximately 7m tall, 3m wide. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Populus sp. Poplar species R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 1180 Improved grassland field left ungrazed for silage. Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass D Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 1181 Ditch heavily shaded by species-poor hedge. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A



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Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R

Target Note 1182 Field ditch, 2.5m wide with scatterd trees and scrub along east bank. Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Elodea canadensis Canadian Pondweed R Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Ranunculus aquatilis Common Water-crowfoot R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R

Target Note 1183 Marshy grassland within an improved grassland field. Very shallow standing water present within the marshy grassland.

Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail D Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Myosoton aquaticum Water Chickweed O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass R Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass R

Target Note 1184 Field ditch, 2m wide with poached banks and dominated by hard rush. Riccia fluitans Crystalwort D Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed F Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R

Target Note 1185 Reed-choked ditch. Phragmites australis Reed D Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O

Target Note 1186 Section of Ten Feet Rhyne, 3m wide, clear water with some marginal and aquatic vegetation. Elodea canadensis Canadian Pondweed F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O



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Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass R Ranunculus aquatilis Common Water-crowfoot R

Target Note 1187 Marshy grassland dominated by rush and sweet-grass with very shallow standing water present. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Juncus effusus Soft Rush A Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail R

Target Note B1188 Mosaic of semi-improved grassland and marshy grassland. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Juncus effusus Soft Rush A Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R

Target Note 1189 Large pond with small vegetated islands also swamp strip adjacent in north. Phragmites australis Reed A Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail O Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Charaphyte sp. Charaphyte species O Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Mentha aquatica Water Mint O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Veronica beccabunga Brooklime O



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Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife R

Target Note 1190 Semi-improved grassland surrounding pond. There are also areas of young willow and alder acrub. Also some scattered scrub present.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Equisetum sp. Horsetail species O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Lysimachia nummularia Creeping Jenny O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phleum pratense Timothy O Phragmites australis Reed O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil O Trifolium repens White Clover O Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Epilobium sp. Willowherb species R Galium aparine Cleavers R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy R Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R Target Note 1191 Species-poor hedge along watery lane (north edge). There is also some occasional trees. There is a section of hedge on south edge of water lane too. Stone walls are also present.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O



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Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hedera helix Ivy O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Urtica dioica Nettle O Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail R Humulus lupulus Hop R Lapsana communis Nipplewort R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Smyrnium olusatrum Alexanders R

Target Note 1192 Species-poor hedge and trees. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Hedera helix Ivy F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Quercus sp. Oak species F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Corylus avellana Hazel O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Ilex aquifolium Holly O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Achillea millefolium Yarrow R Galium album Hedge Bedstraw R Pteridium aquilinum Bracken R

Target Note 1193 Parish brook and adjacent hedges and trees Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed F Hedera helix Ivy F Quercus robur English Oak F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Corylus avellana Hazel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Ilex aquifolium Holly O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O



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Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Urtica dioica Nettle O Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Valeriana officinalis Valerian R

Target Note 1194 Low flailed hedges with very shallow ditches adjacent (eastern hedge is species-rich). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Ulmus procera English Elm F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Carex remota Remote Sedge O Corylus avellana Hazel O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hedera helix Ivy O Ilex aquifolium Holly O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phragmites australis Reed O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Bromus sp. Brome species R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil R Lysimachia nummularia Creeping Jenny R Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort R Tamus communis Black Bryony R Veronica beccabunga Brooklime R

Target Note 1195 Double hedgerow (species-poor) along track leading to Heath Farm, some introduced shrub present within the hedge.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Cupressocyparis leylandii Leyland Cypress F Ilex aquifolium Holly F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Syringa vulgaris Lilac F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Hedera helix Ivy O Juglans regia Walnut O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 1196



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Species-poor edge and trees around cricket ground. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Quercus robur English Oak F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Hedera helix Ivy O Ilex aquifolium Holly O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O

Target Note 1197 Wet ditch, 1m wide, well vegetated. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Nasturtium officinale Watercress F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alga sp. Algal species O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Hottonia palustris Water-violet O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species O Myosotis scorpioides Water Forget-me-not R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Scutellaria galericulata Skullcap R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R

Target Note 1198 Tickenham Boundary Rhyne - Wide, deep drain. Alga sp. Algal species A Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species F Sparganium emersum Unbranched Bur-reed F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort O Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water speedwell O Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Myriophyllum sp. Water-milfoil species R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R



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Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead R

Target Note 1199 Ditchline to the north on Tickenham Boundry Rhyne. Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Hottonia palustris Water-violet F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Phragmites australis Reed O Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Urtica dioica Nettle O Veronica sp. Veronica species O Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R Lemna minor Common Duckweed R Potamogeton crispus Curled Pondweed R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 1200 Area of crack willow, hawthorn scrub and nettle, where ditches meet. Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 1201 Line of marshy vegetation over dry but damp ditch (very shallow depression). Juncus effusus Soft Rush A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Mentha aquatica Water Mint R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 1202 Section of wide drain alongside Causeway 3-4m wide. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F



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Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Myriophyllum spicatum Spiked Water-milfoil F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix viminalis Osier F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alga sp. Algal species O Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Carex pseudocyperus Cyperus Sedge O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort R Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey R

Target Note 1203 Recently cleared drain (2m wide). Spoil and vegetation piled on the west bankside. Alga sp. Algal species A Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Carex pseudocyperus Cyperus Sedge F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel F Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort F Urtica dioica Nettle F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex acetosella Sheep's Sorrel O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Epilobium montanum Broad-leaved Willowherb R Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R



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Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R

Target Note 1204 Drain (2.5 m wide) seperating two semi-improved, cattle grazed fields. Recently cleared with spoil on east bank.

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Carex pseudocyperus Cyperus Sedge F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Urtica dioica Nettle O Carex sp. Sedge species R Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail R Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony R Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit R Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife R Mentha aquatica Water Mint R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R

Target Note 1205 Semi-improved fields, cattle grazed. Dominated by grasses with rush and and some herbs. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus flammula Lesser Spearwort F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O

Target Note 1206 Open drains between grazed fields, approximately 2m wide. Some sections have been recently cleared. Alga sp. Algal species A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A



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Juncus effusus Soft Rush A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Hottonia palustris Water-violet F Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit F Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Urtica dioica Nettle F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Carex hirta Hairy Sedge R Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R Mentha aquatica Water Mint R Myosotis scorpioides Water Forget-me-not R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Scutellaria galericulata Skullcap R

Target Note 1207 Marshy grassland within cattle grazed semi-improved grassland. A small pond is also present in field. Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail A Juncus effusus Soft Rush A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush F Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Persicaria maculosa Redshank F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Ranunculus flammula Lesser Spearwort O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R

Target Note 1208



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Improved and poor semi-improved, cattle grazed fields south of Tickenham Boundary Rhyne. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Trifolium repens White Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R

Target Note 1209 Section of Parish Brook meandering between the improved grassland, Species-poor hedge containing many mature trees is present on the south bank.

Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Acer campestre Field Maple F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue F Circaea lutetiana Enchanter's Nightshade F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert F Ilex aquifolium Holly F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Quercus robur English Oak F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Symphoricarpos albus Snowberry F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Callitriche stagnalis Common Water Starwort O Carex remota Remote Sedge O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Corylus avellana Hazel O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Euonymus europaeus Spindle O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Polypodium vulgare Polypody O



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Primula vulgaris Primrose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern R

Target Note 1210 Hedge and trees along north side of Pound Lane. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Quercus sp. Oak species A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Corylus avellana Hazel F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Hieracium sp. Hawkweed species F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Ilex aquifolium Holly F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard O Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geum urbanum Wood Avens O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern R

Target Note 1211 Tickenham Boundary Rhyne Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip A Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Phleum pratense Timothy F Phragmites australis Reed F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Urtica dioica Nettle F Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O



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Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Hedera helix Ivy R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Primula vulgaris Primrose R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1212 Land Yeo, very slow flow west 5-10m wide with footpath part walled, with houses (gardens) and allotments to the north. Arable field and semi-improved grassland to the south. Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed A Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed A Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed A Urtica dioica Nettle A Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix viminalis Osier O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium repens White Clover O Acer campestre Field Maple R Alnus glutinosa Alder R Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Nasturtium officinale Watercress R Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell R

Target Note 1213 Middle Yeo, 2m wide. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass D Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A



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Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Nasturtium officinale Watercress A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Phragmites australis Reed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Salix viminalis Osier F Sinapis arvensis Charlock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail R Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R

Target Note 1214 Open ditch with bramble scrub along both banks. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble D Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed D Alga sp. Algal species A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Urtica dioica Nettle F Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Salix viminalis Osier R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1215 Tickenham boundary Rhyne, 4m wide. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass D Alga sp. Algal species A Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species A Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Lemna sp Duckweed Species F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Salix viminalis Osier F Urtica dioica Nettle F Elodea sp. Pondweed Species O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Galium aparine Cleavers R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Phragmites australis Reed R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey R Veronica beccabunga Brooklime R

Target Note 1216 Open ditch, 2m wide, with bramble scrub at edges. Alga sp. Algal species D Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress D Lemna sp Duckweed Species D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble D



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Carex sp. Sedge species A Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Phragmites australis Reed A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail F Juncus conglomeratus Compact Rush F Nasturtium officinale Watercress F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix viminalis Osier O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Hypericum tetrapterum Square-stalked St John's-wort R Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R

Target Note 1217 Open ditch, 3-5m wide. Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Galium aparine Cleavers F Juncus conglomeratus Compact Rush F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress R Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R Salix viminalis Osier R Sambucus nigra Elder R Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 1218 Ditch (2.5m wide) alongside Causeway with bridge and outflow (opposite Church). Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress D Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail F Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass F



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Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed F Urtica dioica Nettle F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Galium aparine Cleavers O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix viminalis Osier O Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard R Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup R Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey R

Target Note 1219 Cattle grazed improved grassland fields. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Schedonorus pratensis Meadow Fescue F Trifolium repens White Clover F Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Glyceria declinata Small Sweet-grass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Bellis perennis Daisy R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R

Target Note 1220 Species rich fedge with shaded ditch beneath. Hedge is flailed to 2m tall. There are also some standard trees. Ditch is very shallow.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Acer campestre Field Maple O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Hedera helix Ivy O Ilex aquifolium Holly O Quercus robur English Oak O Sambucus nigra Elder O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Urtica dioica Nettle O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species R



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Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 1221 Species-poor hedge flailed to 2m tall. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Acer campestre Field Maple F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Juglans regia Walnut R Target Note 1222

This is a further section of broad managed hedge following the route of the overhead lines. There is grassland and stock-proof fencing on each side. At the upper end the hedge widens around the two towers carrying the lines, between them is taller growth of ash and elder but there are no other trees along the hedge to the south-west of the pylons. The hedge is dense and hawthorn-dominated but with increasing blackthorn to the west.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Corylus avellana Hazel A Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Urtica dioica Nettle O Acer campestre Field Maple R Adoxa moschatellina Moscatel R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Sambucus nigra Elder R Silene dioica Red Campion R Ulmus glabra Wych Elm R Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell R

Target Note 1223

A small rectangular waterbody rendered almost invisible and totally inaccessible (for humans) by surrounding managed hedge with tall ash trees. The rectangular pond is mostly shaded by the hedge and trees but the visible surface has a continuous cover of duckweed over its surface, with no other aquatic plant species seen.



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Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Hedera helix Ivy A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Pteridium aquilinum Bracken O Rubus idaeus Raspberry O Sambucus nigra Elder O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury R

Target Note 1224

This is an angled run of locally typical broad managed hedge, but with some trees scattered along it. In the extreme western end there are old specimens of small-leaved lime that have been laid or coppiced in the past.

Corylus avellana Hazel A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy A Urtica dioica Nettle A Galium aparine Cleavers F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Sambucus nigra Elder F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Silene dioica Red Campion O Tilia cordata Small-leaved Lime O Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R Moehringia trinervia Three-veined Sandwort R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Stellaria media Chickweed R Tamus communis Black Bryony R Veronica hederifolia Ivy-leaved Speedwell R

Target Note 1225

This is a large area of semi-improved grassland with bluebells scattered sparsely through the dense sward.



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Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel F Trifolium repens White Clover F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cerastium glomeratum Sticky Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Achillea millefolium Yarrow R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Speedwell R

Target Note 1226

A long run of quite narrow boundary hedge, thin in places with much bramble and elder. There is also tall hazel to the north-eastern end and then tall specimens of ash along the hedge. Also to the south-west are some tall specimens of field maple in the hedgeline. This feature continues to the south as a thinner hedge with more trees, mainly tall elder and hawthorn, but also with some fenced gaps.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Sambucus nigra Elder F Acer campestre Field Maple O Hedera helix Ivy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Stellaria media Chickweed O Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard R Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Juglans regia Walnut R Silene dioica Red Campion R Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard R

Target Note 1227 Abbots wood, semi-natural broad-leaved woodland. Frequent coppiced hazel is present. Allium ursinum Ramsons D Corylus avellana Hazel A Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Hedera helix Ivy F Urtica dioica Nettle F Veronica hederifolia hederifolia Ivy-leaved Speedwell F



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Acer campestre Field Maple O Conopodium majus Pignut O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury O Tilia cordata Small-leaved Lime O Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard R Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Melica uniflora Wood Melick R Sambucus nigra Elder R Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort R Silene dioica Red Campion R

Target Note 1228 Round wood. Semi-natural woodland. The edges are hedged in places. Allium ursinum Ramsons A Corylus avellana Hazel A Urtica dioica Nettle A Acer campestre Field Maple F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fern O Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell O Ilex aquifolium Holly O Lamiastrum galeobdolon Yellow Archangel O Melica uniflora Wood Melick O Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury O Milium effusum Wood Millet O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Pteridium aquilinum Bracken O Sambucus nigra Elder O Silene dioica Red Campion O Ulmus procera English Elm O Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard R Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern R Euonymus europaeus Spindle R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Lapsana communis Nipplewort R Quercus robur English Oak R Ranunculus auricomus Goldilocks R Schedonorus giganteus Giant Fescue R Veronica montana Wood Speedwell R Viola hirta Hairy Violet R Viola sp. Violet species R

Target Note 1229 Low flailed (1.5m tall) species-poor hedge



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy O Corylus avellana Hazel O Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell O Sambucus nigra Elder O Silene dioica Red Campion O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Acer campestre Field Maple R Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Stellaria holostea Greater Stitchwort R

Target Note 1230 Low flailed hedge with frequent trees. One section is dominated by small leaved lime. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Acer campestre Field Maple O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Corylus avellana Hazel O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Sambucus nigra Elder O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Tilia cordata Small-leaved Lime O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R Silene dioica Red Campion R Stellaria media Chickweed R

Target Note 1231 Old Lane. There are good hedges on each side of a broad track at the western end. To the east the track narrows to a footpath with tall field maple on the northern side. The path continues to the north-east passing under tall hedges, woodland edges and also sections of lower managed hedges to the south-east. There are areas of species-rich verge and also rocky areas along the route with many typical woodland groundflora species present.

Acer campestre Field Maple F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Corylus avellana Hazel F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Euonymus europaeus Spindle F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Melica uniflora Wood Melick F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard O Allium ursinum Ramsons O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O



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Bromopsis ramosus Hairy-brome O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury O Pteridium aquilinum Bracken O Quercus robur English Oak O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Stellaria holostea Greater Stitchwort O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Viola riviniana Wood-dog-violet O Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome R Carex sylvatica Wood Sedge R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Geum urbanum Wood Avens R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Lamiastrum galeobdolon Yellow Archangel R Lapsana communis Nipplewort R Phyllitis scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Plantago major Greater Plantain R Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Silene dioica Red Campion R Ulmus glabra Wych Elm R Veronica hederifolia Ivy-leaved Speedwell R

Target Note 1232

This is the remains of a stone-walled rectangular hollow, much shaded by hazel and hawthorn, with larger trees to the south. Some shaded shallow water remains at the western end, with much rubbish tipped into it.

Corylus avellana Hazel A Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Bryonia dioica White Bryony R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R



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Tamus communis Black Bryony R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R Veronica hederifolia Ivy-leaved Speedwell R

Target Note 1233 Short section of outgrown, defunct hedge. Few groundstory species. Mainly improved grass at base.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hedera helix Ivy O Primula veris Cowslip O Quercus robur English Oak O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Corylus avellana Hazel R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Sorbus aria Whitebeam R Viola riviniana Wood-dog-violet R

Target Note 1234 Flailed hedge (2m tall, 3m wide). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Corylus avellana Hazel O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Pteridium aquilinum Bracken O Sambucus nigra Elder O Acer campestre Field Maple R Euonymus europaeus Spindle R Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R Tamus communis Black Bryony R

Target Note 1235 Thin strip of broad-leaved semi-natural woodland between fields. Acer campestre Field Maple F Corylus avellana Hazel F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell F Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Carpinus betulus Hornbeam O Pteridium aquilinum Bracken O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O



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Stellaria holostea Greater Stitchwort O Ulmus procera English Elm O Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard R Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fern R Euonymus europaeus Spindle R Ficaria verna Lesser Celandine R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Lamiastrum galeobdolon Yellow Archangel R Moehringia trinervia Three-veined Sandwort R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Silene dioica Red Campion R Tamus communis Black Bryony R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R

Target Note 1236 Flailed hedge (2m tall) which splits to go round two pylons in centre of it. Scrub has formed beneath the pylons.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Urtica dioica Nettle F Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Ulmus procera English Elm O Euonymus europaeus Spindle R Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 1237 Low flailed hedges (1.5 -2m tall, 3m wide) with occasional trees. Hedge is species-rich. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Corylus avellana Hazel F Ulmus glabra Wych Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Euonymus europaeus Spindle O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell O Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Silene dioica Red Campion O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Ajuga reptans Bugle R Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Galium album Hedge Bedstraw R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Pteridium aquilinum Bracken R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R



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Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort R

Target Note 1238 Semi-improved grassland field. Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Bellis perennis Daisy O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Speedwell O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell R

Target Note 1239 Species-rich hedge and trees along both sides of Cadbury Camp Lane. Dry stone wall also present along north side.

Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Hedera helix Ivy F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury F Acer campestre Field Maple O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Galium album Hedge Bedstraw O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Geum urbanum Wood Avens O Ilex aquifolium Holly O Petasites hybridus Butterbur O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Ulmus glabra Wych Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Corylus avellana Hazel R Daphne laureola Spurge Laurel R Deschampsia flexuosa Wavy Hair-grass R Euonymus europaeus Spindle R Festuca rubra Red Fescue R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Lapsana communis Nipplewort R



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Lunaria annua Honesty R Melica uniflora Wood Melick R Orobanche sp. Broomrape species R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Pteridium aquilinum Bracken R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R Silene dioica Red Campion R Viburnum lantana Wayfaring-tree R Viola hirta Hairy Violet R

Target Note 1240 Species-poor hedge and bank/verge along White House Lane. Hedge is defunct in places. Stone wall is present. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Hedera helix Ivy F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy O Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Galium album Hedge Bedstraw O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Pteridium aquilinum Bracken O Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort R Corylus avellana Hazel R Medicago lupulina Black Medick R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Silene vulgaris Bladder Campion R

Target Note 1241 Densely wooded valley sides hedged and fenced from mosaic of pastoral and arable fields to the west and north. There is much bramble below the tall canopy that has much oak, ash and sycamore. Despite the density of bramble, and also hazel in places, there is a diverse range of typical woodland groundflora species. Where the canopy is cut back below the power lines a large dense population of wood spurge has established. Because of the stock-fence and hedge, observations were made only from the woodland edges.

Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore A Corylus avellana Hazel A Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell A Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury A Quercus robur English Oak A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F



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Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy O Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Euonymus europaeus Spindle O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Geum urbanum Wood Avens O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Lamiastrum galeobdolon Yellow Archangel O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Polystichum setiferum Soft Shield-fern O Pteridium aquilinum Bracken O Sambucus nigra Elder O Urtica dioica Nettle O Viola riviniana Wood-dog-violet O Acer campestre Field Maple R Achillea millefolium Yarrow R Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony R Ajuga reptans Bugle R Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Dactylorhiza praetermissa Southern Marsh-orchid R Dryopteris affinis Scaly Male-fern R Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony R Fagus sylvatica Beech R Galium odoratum Sweet Woodruff R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Listera ovata Twayblade R Oxalis acetosella Wood Sorrel R Phyllitis scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Plantago major Greater Plantain R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Potentilla sterilis Barren Strawberry R Primula vulgaris Primrose R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sorbus aria Whitebeam R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Stellaria holostea Greater Stitchwort R Tamus communis Black Bryony R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell R Viburnum lantana Wayfaring-tree R Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R Viola hirta Hairy Violet R

Target Note 1242

This hedge is around 4-5m wide and cut back to a flat top. There is much bramble and elder at its



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western end and there are no standard trees growing through. On its northern side the field is grazed to the hedge base.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Sambucus nigra Elder F Urtica dioica Nettle F Allium ursinum Ramsons O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Corylus avellana Hazel O Galium aparine Cleavers O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R Lamiastrum galeobdolon Yellow Archangel R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell R

Target Note 1243 A narrower (but still broad by normal hedge standards) and less species-rich hedge at right-angles to the very broad hedge of the previous target note.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle A Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Pteridium aquilinum Bracken F Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Galium aparine Cleavers R Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble R Silene dioica Red Campion R

Target Note HCT025 1244 This is a gently dished field of semi-improved grassland, not recently cut or grazed. There is a broad species-poor hedge along the north side, also a similar low broad hedge along the south-western side of the field, with some bluebell present. This hedge widens around the pylon and is dominated by hawthorn along its whole length.

This target note describes the semi-improved grassland sward dominant over the whole field.



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Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Trifolium repens White Clover A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Cerastium glomeratum Sticky Mouse-ear R Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog R Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not R Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain R Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass R Pteridium aquilinum Bracken R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Stellaria media Chickweed R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Speedwell R

Target Note 1245 Species-poor hedge and dry stone wall alomg eastern edge of Mogg's Wood. Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome A Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy A Hedera helix Ivy A Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Corylus avellana Hazel O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wort O Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Populus sp. Poplar species O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Taxus baccata Yew O Ulmus glabra Wych Elm O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear R Ilex aquifolium Holly R

Target Note 1246 Poor semi-improved grassland fields west of Cuckoo's Mead. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A



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Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Trifolium repens White Clover F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 1247 Lower slopes of Chummock Wood, which have a dense canopy with a mix of young and mature trees and also many collapsed old trees, including some yews. The varied canopy includes occasional large specimens of Turkey oak, pointing to partially plantation origin. Although the canopy is mainly dense and there are some extensive areas of bare leaf litter there are also carpets of native bluebells. There is a dry-stone wall along the western edge and an earth bank along the southern edge.

Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell A Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone F Corylus avellana Hazel F Quercus robur English Oak F Tilia cordata Small-leaved Lime F Acer campestre Field Maple O Allium ursinum Ramsons O Atrichum undulatum Catherine's Moss O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Carex sylvatica Wood Sedge O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Isothecium myosuroides Mouse-tail Moss O Melica uniflora Wood Melick O Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury O Mnium hornum Moss species O Quercus cerris Turkey Oak O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Taxus baccata Yew O Ulmus glabra Wych Elm O Viola riviniana Wood-dog-violet O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fern R Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Dryopteris affinis Scaly Male-fern R Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern R Geum urbanum Wood Avens R



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Ilex aquifolium Holly R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Malus sylvestris Crab-apple R Phyllitis scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Primula vulgaris Primrose R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Pteridium aquilinum Bracken R Sorbus aria Whitebeam R Tamus communis Black Bryony R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R

Target Note 1248 Species-poor hedge along Whitehouse Line with associated stone wall. Hedge stops part way and scattered scrub and trees is present adjacent to the stone wall.

Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species F Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Hedera helix Ivy F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Pteridium aquilinum Bracken F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Sambucus nigra Elder O Silene dioica Red Campion O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Stellaria media Chickweed O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock R Senecio jacobaea Ragwort R

Target Note 1249 Poor semi-improved grassland fields. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear F



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Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Trifolium repens White Clover F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass O Poterium sanguisorba Salad Burnet O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O

Target Note 1250 Thin strip of Broad-leaved plantation woodland. Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy A Populus tremula Aspen A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Corylus avellana Hazel O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 1251 Wide hedge (up to 8m wide), blackthorn within the hedge has spread into adjacent land. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Populus tremula Aspen F Pteridium aquilinum Bracken F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O



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Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Hedera helix Ivy O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Corylus avellana Hazel R Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern R

Target Note 1252 Species-poor hedgerow on eastern boundary of Noah's Ark Zoo. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Hedera helix Ivy F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Pteridium aquilinum Bracken F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort O Cirsium eriophorum Woolly Thistle O Corylus avellana Hazel O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ilex aquifolium Holly R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Senecio jacobaea Ragwort R

Target Note 1253 Long outgrown hedge (some sections are species-rich) with ocasional trees along public footpath heading west from Priors Wood. The hedge is tall (4m) with flailed sides and defunct in places.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Corylus avellana Hazel F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O



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Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Pteridium aquilinum Bracken O Quercus robur English Oak O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Silene dioica Red Campion O Urtica dioica Nettle O Digitalis purpurea Foxglove R Ilex aquifolium Holly R

Target Note 1254 Small shaded pond by hedge with mature oak tree adjacent.

Target Note 1255 Ditch at base of tall, outgrown hedge (species-poor). Ditch connects to a pond in corner of field. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Nasturtium officinale Watercress A Urtica dioica Nettle A Alga sp. Algal species F Galium aparine Cleavers F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Corylus avellana Hazel O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lemna sp O Mentha aquatica Water Mint O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Primula vulgaris Primrose R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Target Note 1256 Area of modified neutral grassland and very young plantation woodland at field edge. Holcus mollis Creeping Soft-grass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle R Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 1257 Species-rich hedge (3m tall, 3m wide) with a strip of tall ruderal herbs atits base. Shallow flowing drain present to east (flows south).

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Galium aparine Cleavers F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Urtica dioica Nettle F Corylus avellana Hazel O Salix species Willow species O Sambucus nigra Elder O



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Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Pteridium aquilinum Bracken R Quercus robur English Oak R Veronica agrestis Field Speedwell R

Target Note 1258 Low flailed, species-poor hedge, (1.5m tall, 3m wide). Hedge is defunct in places. Area of bluebells at southern end by pylon.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Urtica dioica Nettle F Hedera helix Ivy O Pteridium aquilinum Bracken O Sambucus nigra Elder O Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R

Target Note 1259 Three pools, north of the tiger enclosure. One pool is dominated by reed.

Target Note 1260 Outgrown species-rich hedge (2m tall, 3.5m wide). At east end is large mature oak heavily ivy clad. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers A Urtica dioica Nettle A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Corylus avellana Hazel O Sambucus nigra Elder O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 1261 Low flailed species-poor hedge which connects to Prior's Wood. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy F Urtica dioica Nettle F Hedera helix Ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R Silene dioica Red Campion R

Target Note 1262 Species-poor hedge bordering arable field. Urtica dioica Nettle A Corylus avellana Hazel F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Quercus robur English Oak F Sambucus nigra Elder O



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Ulmus procera English Elm O

Target Note 1263 Small stream in dip between arable fields. Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Urtica dioica Nettle F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherb O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Mentha aquatica Water Mint O Salix alba White Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R

Target Note 1264 Small strip of scrub and trees in dip between arable fields. Corylus avellana Hazel A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Hedera helix Ivy A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Salix alba White Willow A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Populus tremula Aspen O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O

Target Note 1265 Area of modified neutral grassland south of Prior's Wood Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Festuca rubra Red Fescue A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F



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Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Trifolium repens White Clover O Potentilla erecta Tormentil R Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle R

Target Note 1266 Section of flailed species-rich hedge along Caswell Hill. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Corylus avellana Hazel F Pteridium aquilinum Bracken F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Ulmus glabra Wych Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Geranium lucidum Shining Cranesbill O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Geum urbanum Wood Avens O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Sambucus nigra Elder O Silene dioica Red Campion O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Stellaria holostea Greater Stitchwort O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome R Calystegia sp. Bindweed species R Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R Euonymus europaeus Spindle R Galium album Hedge Bedstraw R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Lapsana communis Nipplewort R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R Quercus robur English Oak R Ulmus procera English Elm R



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Target Note 1267 Section of dry stone wall with adjacent tree line. Wall is in a state of dis-repair. Quercus robur English Oak D Hedera helix Ivy F Pteridium aquilinum Bracken F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Digitalis purpurea Foxglove O Galium aparine Cleavers O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O Urtica dioica Nettle O Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R

Target Note 1268 Semi-improved grassland fields (long grass). Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium repens White Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R Tragopogon pratensis Goat's-beard R Vicia sp. Vetch species R

Target Note 1269 Semi-improved grassland field with off-road dirt track present. Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O



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Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear R Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy R Phleum pratense Timothy R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Senecio jacobaea Ragwort R Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle R Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort R Urtica dioica Nettle R Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell R

Target Note 1270 Small field pond with some banks recently disturbed/re-profiled. Mature oak and ash trees adjacent. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Alga sp. Algal species F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Lemna sp Duckweed Species O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Ranunculus sp. Water-crowfoot species R

Target Note 1271 Low flailed, species-poor hedge along Coswell Hill. Between hedge and road there is a bank of false oat-grass dominated neutral grassland with some scattered dense scrub including bramble and

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Pteridium aquilinum Bracken O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 1272 South of the M5 the western fringes of Prior's Wood dominate the eastern side of the study corridor, on a west-facing slope. This is mainly native broad-leaved woodland and managed as a nature reserve by the Avon Wildlife Trust.

This ancient woodland occupies part of the Carboniferous limestone ridge that runs from Clevedon to Failand in the Gordano Valley and was once part of the Tyntesfield estate. Small-leaved lime, ash, oak and hazel are abundant, with mature sweet chestnut in parts.

The north-western extremity of the wood almost reaches the Caswell Hill road where there is scrubby growth derived from hedges merging into scrub/woodland with hawthorn, hazel, oak, ash, silver birch, bramble, bracken and wild clematis.

Details of the species composition of this woodland can be found within the NVC analysis report.

Target Note 1273 Semi-improved grassland field. Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F



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Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Agrostis capillaris Common Bent R Phleum pratense Timothy R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R

Target Note 1274 Hawthorn hedge (low flailed) with broad-leaved plantation backing onto The Portbury Hundred immediately south of hedge. Species in plantation listed.

Acer campestre Field Maple A Corylus avellana Hazel A Salix species Willow species F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Urtica dioica Nettle O Viburnum lantana Wayfaring-tree O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Sorbus aucuparia Rowan R Sorbus aucuparia Mountain Ash R

Target Note 1275 Strip of broad-leaved plantation on south side of M5 motorway. There is a dry ditch between the adjacent field and the plantation. A ditch also flows north from the M5 through the adjacent field. This is overgrown by bramble and is concrete lined.

Acer campestre Field Maple A Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore A Hedera helix Ivy A Corylus avellana Hazel F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Urtica dioica Nettle F Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Silene dioica Red Campion R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 1276 Poor semi improved grassland fields between Caswell Hill and M5. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F



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Trifolium repens White Clover F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Urtica dioica Nettle O Carduus nutans Musk Thistle R

Target Note 1277 Ditch lines shallow and well vegetated. In field network south of the large drain adjacent to The Portbury Hundred. Ditches are poached by cattle.

Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip F Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Potamogeton sp. Pondweed species F Alga sp. Algal species O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Charaphyte sp. Charaphyte species O Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle O Epilobium sp. Willowherb species O Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Hypericum tetrapterum Square-stalked St John's-wort O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Mentha aquatica Water Mint O Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species O Phragmites australis Reed O Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water speedwell O Veronica beccabunga Brooklime O Silene flos-cuculi Ragged Robin R

Target Note 1278 Wide drain with well vegetated banks. Drain runs parralell to The Portbury Hundred. Phragmites australis Reed A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Veronica beccabunga Brooklime O

Target Note 1279 Damp semi-improved/marshy grassland fields south of The Portbury Hundred. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F



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Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort O Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower R Carex panicea Carnation Sedge R Potentilla erecta Tormentil R

Target Note 1280 Species-poor hedges with some defunct sections. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Galium aparine Cleavers F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Pteridium aquilinum Bracken O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Bryonia dioica White Bryony R

Target Note 1281 Fallow arable field with a mix of grass, crop, ephemeral and tall ruderal herb species. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Avena fatua Wild Oat F Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Hordeum distichon Barley O Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species O Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish O Veronica sp. Veronica species O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Viola arvensis Field Pansy O

Target Note 1282 Section of dissused railway. This area is dominated by dense scrub with some grassland present in the centre. A shaded wet ditch is also present.

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F



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Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel F Urtica dioica Nettle F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Euphorbia helioscopia Sun Spurge O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort O Trifolium repens White Clover O Trisetum flavescens Golden Oat-grass O Vicia hirsuta Hairy Tare O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Tanacetum vulgare Tansy R Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil R Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 1283 Section of species-poor hedge on south side of Sheepway Lane. Hedge is tall (4m) and has flailed sides. A thin grassy strip is present between the road and hedge.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium pyrenaicum Hedgerow Cranesbill O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus procera English Elm O Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard R Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort R Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome R Bryonia dioica White Bryony R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Target Note 1284 Semi-improved grassland, sheep grazed field. Lolium perenne Ryegrass D Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F



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Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 1285 Low flailed (2m tall), species-poor hedge. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ulmus procera English Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R

Target Note 1286 Short section of species-rich hedge (2m tall, 2m wide). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Hedera helix Ivy O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Corylus avellana Hazel R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 1287 Area of swamp in corner of field , borbered by scrub and trees. Swamp connects to a nearby pond. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass F Juncus effusus Soft Rush F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O



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Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R

Target Note 1288 Shaded pond with wooden bridge (boardwalk) over edge and benches at side. Pond is shaded by a number of crack willows.

Alga sp. Algal species A Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Populus sp. Poplar species O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water speedwell R

Target Note 1289 Circular ponds, with a similar species composition, in opposite corners of a semi-improved grassland Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Epilobium sp. Willowherb species O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Juncus bufonius Toad Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy R Ranunculus omiophyllus Round-leaved Crowfoot R



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Ranunculus omiophyllus Round-leaved Crowfoot R Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R

Target Note 1290 Curved shallow ditch with marshy,poached banks. Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Veronica beccabunga Brooklime R

Target Note 1291 Overgrown hedge with shaded ditch along base. Eastern section of hedge is species-rich. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Acer campestre Field Maple R Corylus avellana Hazel R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 1292 Tall semi-improved grassland with some tall ruderal herbs also present. Field contains bee hives. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Urtica dioica Nettle F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Prunus sp. Cherry species O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R

Target Note 1293 Double hedgerow along Wharf Lane. Hedgerows are tall with abundant trees. Ulmus procera English Elm D Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lapsana communis Nipplewort O Phleum pratense Timothy O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Urtica dioica Nettle O Aegopodium podagraria Ground-elder R Anisantha diandra Great Brome R



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Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Bellis perennis Daisy R Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil R Corylus avellana Hazel R Euonymus europaeus Spindle R Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Geum urbanum Wood Avens R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Ilex aquifolium Holly R Lamium album White Dead-nettle R Malus pumila Apple R Malva sylvestris Common Mallow R Medicago lupulina Black Medick R Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain R Prunella vulgaris Selfheal R Rubus idaeus Raspberry R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Rumex hydropathalum Water Dock R Sambucus nigra Elder R Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R

Target Note 1294 Tall semi-improved grassland field. Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog D Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort O Centaurea nigra Knapweed O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Phleum pratense Timothy O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw R Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort R Urtica dioica Nettle R Vicia hirsuta Hairy Tare R

Target Note 1295 Overgrown species-poor hedge (5m tall, 3m wide). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O



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Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Acer campestre Field Maple R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Calystegia sp. Bindweed species R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Sambucus nigra Elder R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R

Target Note 1296 Strip of modified neutral grassland along banking. Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Phleum pratense Timothy F Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Daucus carota Wild Carrot O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Elytrigia repens Common Couch R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Hypericum sp. St John's-wort R Juncus bufonius Toad Rush R Lathyrus nissolia Grass Vetchling R Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil R Melilotus sp. Melilot species R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Vicia hirsuta Hairy Tare R

Target Note 1297 Wide drains vegetated with reed and greater reedmace (4m wide). Phragmites australis Reed A Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace A Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Azolla filiculoides Water-fern O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Bolboschoenus maritimus Sea Club-rush O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Hypericum sp. St John's-wort R Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife R Vicia tetrasperma Smooth Tare R

Target Note 1298 Overgrown hedge, 2-3m tall and 3m wide. Some sections are dominated by grey willow.



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Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Salix cinerea Grey Willow A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Sambucus nigra Elder O Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 1299 Area of scrub with scattered trees along track. There is also a wet ditch and modified neutral grassland strip along the track.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Corylus avellana Hazel F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix species Willow species F Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lapsana communis Nipplewort O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Melilotus sp. Melilot species O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia hirsuta Hairy Tare O Bryonia dioica White Bryony R Prunus sp. Cherry species R Quercus sp. Oak species R

Target Note 1300 Outgrown, species-poor hedges, often with bramble spreading at the bases. Hedges are up to 4m tall and no longer regularly managed.

Ulmus procera English Elm D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O

Target Note 1301 Small pond dominated by reed with some willow and hawthorn scrub on the banks.

Target Note 1302 Semi-improved grassland fields. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A



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Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Lathyrus nissolia Grass Vetchling O Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Vicia tetrasperma Smooth Tare O

Target Note 1303 Area of dense scrub with occasional trees and an ivy dominated understory. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Acer campestre Field Maple O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium aparine Cleavers O Quercus robur English Oak O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 1304 Short section of tree lined, former field boundary adjacent to car compound. There is a pond adjacent to the south.

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Corylus avellana Hazel F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Hedera helix Ivy F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Quercus robur English Oak O Quercus rubra Red Oak O Sambucus nigra Elder O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 1305 Tree lines with scrub and tall ruderal herbs with some tree planting. Overhead line passes through the centre of this area. The southern tree line is likely to be an old field boundary.

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Acer campestre Field Maple F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Hedera helix Ivy F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Acer platanoides Norway Maple O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Corylus avellana Hazel O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Ilex aquifolium Holly O



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Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Quercus robur English Oak O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Salix viminalis Osier O Urtica dioica Nettle O Viburnum lantana Wayfaring-tree O

Target Note 1306 Strip of scrub and scattered trees at the northern end of Sheepway Lane. The central portion also has abundant tall ruderal her species (nettle is most abundant). Unmanaged species-poor hedge is present along the west edge of the scrub, where there is also some tree planting.

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Acer campestre Field Maple O Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Phragmites australis Reed O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Ulmus procera English Elm O

Target Note 1307 Strip of semi-natural woodland dominated by elm. With a strip of modified neutral grassland adjacent. Area was not accessed only mapped from surrounding fence line. There is also a heavilly shaded pond within the woodland strip.

Target Note 1308 Overgrown unmanaged, species-poor hedge with shaded ditch beneath. Acer campestre Field Maple D Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Corylus avellana Hazel R Lapsana communis Nipplewort R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1309 Defunct, species-poor hedge and dense bramble with shaded wet ditch beneath. Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Urtica dioica Nettle F



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Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Sambucus nigra Elder O

Target Note 1310 Two small ponds connected by a shallow wet ditch. Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Schoenoplectus sp. Club-rush species O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R

Target Note 1311 Section of ditch flowing and meandering with frequent reed. There are two pooled sections which are dominated by greater reedmace. Very dense marginal vegetation is present along most of the length of the ditch.

Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Lemna sp. Duckweed species O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Lemna sp Duckweed Species O Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Phragmites australis Reed O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony R Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed R

Target Note 1312 Outgrown species-poor hedges. Blackthorn is spreading into the fields at a number of points. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Acer campestre Field Maple F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Sambucus nigra Elder O Urtica dioica Nettle O Corylus avellana Hazel R Quercus robur English Oak R Salix caprea Goat Willow R



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Ulmus procera English Elm R

Target Note 1313 Semi-improved grassland fields. With a reletively rich species diversity. Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass A Agrostis capillaris Common Bent F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lathyrus aphaca Yellow Vetchling F Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Lathyrus nissolia Grass Vetchling O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Trifolium repens White Clover O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Vicia tetrasperma Smooth Tare O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Holcus mollis Creeping Soft-grass R Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley R Persicaria maculosa Redshank R Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort R Trifolium medium Zigzag Clover R Vicia hirsuta Hairy Tare R

Target Note 1314 Tall, outgrown (4m tall), species-poor hedges. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Ulmus procera English Elm A Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Acer campestre Field Maple O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Corylus avellana Hazel O Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Ulmus glabra Wych Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Ilex aquifolium Holly R

Target Note 1315 Double hedge and trees along Sheepway Lane (grass track). Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F



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Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Ulmus glabra Wych Elm F Acer campestre Field Maple O Acer platanoides Norway Maple O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Corylus avellana Hazel O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Geum urbanum Wood Avens O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lapsana communis Nipplewort O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Prunus avium Wild Cherry O Quercus robur English Oak O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Salix alba White Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Stellaria media Chickweed O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Bryonia dioica White Bryony R Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy R Plantago maritima Sea Plantain R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Trifolium repens White Clover R

Target Note 1316 Swamp habitat and margins surrounding a series of pools at Portbury Wharf Nature Reserve. Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge F Moss sp. Moss species F Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush O Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Phleum pratense Timothy O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain R Epilobium sp. Willowherb species R

Target Note 1317 Open water pools surrounded by areas of swamp and marginal vegetation. Pools are managed by Avon Wildlife Trust.

Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Schoenoplectus tabernaemontanii Grey Club-rush A Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace A Bolboschoenus maritimus Sea Club-rush F Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Elodea nutallii Nuttall's Pondweed O



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Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy R

Target Note 1318 Wet, wide ditch (4-6m wide) at the bottom of a steep embankment. Contains open water and areas of reed. Dense scrub is present on the north bank. Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed F Phragmites australis Reed F Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Bolboschoenus maritimus Sea Club-rush O Centaurea nigra Knapweed O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard R Vicia hirsuta Hairy Tare R

Target Note 1319 Small pond in semi-improved grassland field. Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Veronica catenata Pink Water-speedwell F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R

Target Note 1320 Hedgerow alond southeast boundary of the nature reserve. Some planting noted. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Hedera helix Ivy F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Corylus avellana Hazel O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O

Target Note 1321 Semi-improved grassland on former army camp. There are occasional areas of bramble and



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hawthorn scrub within the grassland. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Geranium molle Dove's-foot Cranesbill O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Phleum pratense Timothy O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 1322 Species-poor hedgerow surrounding former army camp. They are tall, unmanaged and encroaching into grassland.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Sambucus nigra Elder F Ulmus glabra Wych Elm F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Hedera helix Ivy O Phleum pratense Timothy O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell O Euonymus europaeus Spindle R Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce R

Target Note 1323 Area of modified neutral grassland habitat with a mix of grasses, tall ruderal herbs and some annuals on previously disturbed ground. Scattered scrub, occasional trees and derelict buildings also occupy this area. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A



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Festuca rubra Red Fescue A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Urtica dioica Nettle A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle F Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Lamium album White Dead-nettle F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Senecio jacobaea Ragwort F Trifolium repens White Clover F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Geranium molle Dove's-foot Cranesbill O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hedera helix Ivy O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Hieracium sp. Hawkweed species O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not O Papaver rhoeas Common Poppy O Phleum pratense Timothy O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Stellaria media Chickweed O Verbena officinalis Vervain R

Target Note 1324 Semi-improved cattled grazed field with scattered marshy areas dominated by hard rush. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Juncus inflexus Hard Rush A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Trifolium repens White Clover F



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Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Urtica dioica Nettle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R

Target Note 1325 Area containing man-made pools with reed dominated margins. Modified neutral grassland surrounds the pools.

Festuca rubra Red Fescue A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley A Phragmites australis Reed A Trifolium pratense Red Clover A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Centaurea nigra Knapweed F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Daucus carota Wild Carrot F Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass F Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Senecio jacobaea Ragwort F Trifolium repens White Clover F

Target Note 1326 Strip of modified neutral grassland forming a wildlife corrider area incorporating the adjacent Drove Rhyne. Occasional scattered trees and scrub habitat is also present.

Tussilago farfara Colt's-foot D Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Phragmites australis Reed O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O



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Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil O Trifolium repens White Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Centaurea nigra Knapweed R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Melilotus sp. Melilot species R Poterium sanguisorba Salad Burnet R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Trifolium campestre Hop Trefoil R Vicia sativa Common Vetch R Vicia tetrasperma Smooth Tare R

Target Note 1327 Drove Rhyne, 3m wide. Phragmites australis Reed D Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Brassica rapa Wild Turnip O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O

Target Note 1328 Strip of broad-leaved woodland plantation and adjacent scrub. Populus sp. Poplar species A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Quercus robur English Oak R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 1329 Band of modified neutral grassland under pylons which grades into reed dominated swamp with some grassland species still present. The soil was damp/muddy with some standing water present at survey time. Dense scrub borders the grassland/swamp habitat.

Phragmites australis Reed A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Galium aparine Cleavers O Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O



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Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Tussilago farfara Colt's-foot O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R Juncus conglomeratus Compact Rush R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R

Target Note 1330 Dense scrub on banks adjacent to grassland and swamp habitats. Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Quercus robur English Oak R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R

Target Note 1331 Block of semi-natural, scrubby woodland (fenced border) with weed killed strip around edge. A wet ditch dominated by duckweed is present within the woodland.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Quercus robur English Oak F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Phragmites australis Reed O Populus tremula Aspen O Populus x canescens Grey Poplar O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fern R Malus pumila Apple R

Target Note 1332 Central area under pylons made up of a mosaic of swamp, marshy grassland, tall ruderal herb and scrub. There is a species-poor hawthorn hedge (defunct in places) on the north boundary.

Phragmites australis Reed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R



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Malus pumila Apple R

Target Note 1333 Species-poor hawthorn hedge (defunct in places) on the north boundary. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix cinerea Grey Willow O

Target Note 1334 Broad-leaved plantation strip with dense bramble understorey. Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Alnus glutinosa Alder F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Populus sp. Poplar species F Quercus robur English Oak F Acer campestre Field Maple O Betula pendula Silver Birch O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Pinus sp. Pine species O Populus alba White Poplar O Populus tremula Aspen O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Salix species Willow species O Alnus cordata Italian Alder R Fagus sylvatica Beech R Hippophae rhamnoides Sea Buckthorn R Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy R Phragmites australis Reed R Rhamnus cathartica Purging Buckthorn R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sorbus aucuparia Rowan R Sorbus aucuparia Mountain Ash R

Target Note 1335 Area under pylons comprising a mix of scrub and modfied neutral grassland with some damp loving species forming swamp in places.

Festuca rubra Red Fescue A Phragmites australis Reed A Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Betula pendula Silver Birch O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dactylorhiza praetermissa Southern Marsh-orchid O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O



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Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Tussilago farfara Colt's-foot O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Vicia hirsuta Hairy Tare O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane R Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Galium album Hedge Bedstraw R Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw R Hippophae rhamnoides Sea Buckthorn R Lathyrus nissolia Grass Vetchling R Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Prunus spinosa Blackthorn R Rosa sp. Rose species R Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Vicia tetrasperma Smooth Tare R

Target Note 1336 Broad-leaved plantation strip along Marsh Lane. Populus tremula Aspen A Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Betula sp. Birch species O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O

Target Note 1337 Large expanse of water under pylons with areas of reed present at perimeters and in the centre of the water. Area surveyed from compound edge. Phragmites australis Reed F Schoenoplectus sp. Club-rush species F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Juncus sp. Rush species O

Target Note 1338 Strip of dense scrub on edge of large waterbody. Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Alnus incana Grey Alder F Buddleja davidii Buddleia F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Alnus glutinosa Alder O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Epilobium sp. Willowherb species O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Salix species Willow species O



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Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Carex pendula Pendulous Sedge R Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy R Cotoneaster sp. Cotoneaster species R Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Populus sp. Poplar species R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 1339 Strip of dense scrub on bank with scattered trees. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Acer campestre Field Maple O Buddleja davidii Buddleia O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Phragmites australis Reed O Populus alba White Poplar O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Alnus incana Grey Alder R Populus tremula Aspen R

Target Note 1340 Small block of broad-leaved plantation woodland along the north bank of the River Avon. Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Populus sp. Poplar species F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Sambucus nigra Elder F Brassica rapa Wild Turnip O Conium maculatum Hemlock O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Tilia sp. Lime species O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R

Target Note 1341 Mosaic of modified neutral grassland, scrub species and annual species adjacent to a network of paths and tracks leading from underneath the M5 motorway. Ditches border some sections of track.

Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Buddleja davidii Buddleia F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O



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Daucus carota Wild Carrot O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Hippophae rhamnoides Sea Buckthorn O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Hordeum murinum Wall Barley O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Phragmites australis Reed O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Senecio vulgaris Groundsel O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Carex pendula Pendulous Sedge R Carex sp. Sedge species R Cotoneaster sp. Cotoneaster species R Geranium pyrenaicum Hedgerow Cranesbill R Hypericum sp. St John's-wort R Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush R Lathyrus nissolia Grass Vetchling R Malva sylvestris Common Mallow R Melilotus sp. Melilot species R Schedonorus arundinaceus Tall Fescue R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Ulex europaeus Gorse R

Target Note 1342 Saltmarsh grassland with associated with the tidal River Avon. Wet ditches border the grassland adjacent to the Old Sea Bank.

Elytrigia atherica Sea Couch D Atriplex prostrata Spear-leaved Orache F Bolboschoenus maritimus Sea Club-rush F Cochlearia anglica English Scurvy-grass F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Puccinellia maritima Saltmarsh-grass F Aster tripolium Sea-aster O Glaux maritima Sea Milkwort O Plantago maritima Sea Plantain O Spartina anglica Common Cord-grass O Suaeda maritima Annual Sea-blite O Triglochin maritima Sea Arrow-grass O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Juncus gerardii Saltmarsh Rush R Phragmites australis Reed R Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle R

Target Note 1343 Pool under pylon with dominant reed. 20x20m. Scattered scrub borders the pool on all but the east bank. Bolboschoenus maritimus Sea Club-rush A Phragmites australis Reed A Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge O



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Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O

Target Note 1344 Salt marsh habitat on north side of River Avon. Elytrigia atherica Sea Couch D Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Puccinellia maritima Saltmarsh-grass F Aster tripolium Sea-aster O Atriplex portulacoides Sea-purslane O Atriplex prostrata Spear-leaved Orache O Cochlearia anglica English Scurvy-grass O Glaux maritima Sea Milkwort O Plantago maritima Sea Plantain O Spartina anglica Common Cord-grass O Spergularia marina Lesser Sea-spurrey O Triglochin maritima Sea Arrow-grass O Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima Sea Beet R

Target Note 1345 Areas of modified neutral grassland within mosaic of developing scrubby woodland. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear A Achillea millefolium Yarrow F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Cardamine sp. Bitter-cress Species O Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb O Conium maculatum Hemlock O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Moss sp. Moss species O Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species O Parmelia sp. Lichen species O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil O Urtica dioica Nettle O Verbascum thapsus Common Mullein O Veronica sp. Veronica species O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome R Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort R Calystegia sp. Bindweed species R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Geranium molle Dove's-foot Cranesbill R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Hieracium sp. Hawkweed species R Hypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wort R Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce R Linaria vulgaris Common Toadflax R Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed R Melilotus sp. Melilot species R Pentaglottis sempervirens Green Alkanet R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R



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Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish R Reseda lutea Wild Mignonette R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Silene latifolia White Campion R Silene vulgaris Bladder Campion R

Target Note 1346 Developing scrub/woodland habitat within the western half of the former railway sidings. Salix caprea Goat Willow D Urtica dioica Nettle A Betula pendula Silver Birch F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb O Cotoneaster sp. Cotoneaster species O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia Creeper O Sambucus nigra Elder O Buddleja davidii Buddleia R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Sorbus aucuparia Mountain Ash R Sorbus aucuparia Rowan R Sorbus intermedia Swedish Whitebeam R

Target Note 1347 Area of further developed woodland/scrub within the eastern half of the former railway sidings. Betula pendula Silver Birch A Hedera helix Ivy A Salix caprea Goat Willow A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress O Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb O Cotoneaster sp. Cotoneaster species O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Ilex aquifolium Holly O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Ribes rubrum Redcurrant O Sambucus nigra Elder O Sorbus aucuparia Mountain Ash O Sorbus aucuparia Rowan O Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Epilobium sp. Willowherb species R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Lamium album White Dead-nettle R Populus tremula Aspen R Prunus avium Wild Cherry R Pyracantha coccinea Firethorn R Quercus sp. Oak species R Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 1348



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Largely defunct, species-poor hedges with wet ditches beneath. Hedges are flailed to 2m tall with occasional trees present.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Ulmus procera English Elm A Acer campestre Field Maple O Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Bryonia dioica White Bryony R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch R

Target Note 1349 Flailed, species-poor hedges (2m tall, 2-3m wide) with trees over ditch (2m). Ditch is largely shaded, with a few open sections.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Ulmus procera English Elm O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R

Target Note 1350 Area of tall, poor semi-improved grassland. Also some disturbed ground and scattered scrub. Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Arctium minus Lesser Burdock F Phleum pratense Timothy F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Veronica sp. Veronica species O Medicago sativa Lucerne R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R

Target Note 1351 Short (2m tall, 2m wide) species-poor defunct hedges over ditch. Occasional trees present. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Ulmus procera English Elm A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Acer campestre Field Maple R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Tamus communis Black Bryony R



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Target Note 1352 Area of dense plantation woodland by motorway. Does not look have undergone any recent Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Betula pendula Silver Birch F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Acer campestre Field Maple O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Ulmus sp. Elm species O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R

Target Note 1353 Low flailed (2m tall, 2m wide), species-hedge over ditch. Occasional trees present at eastern end and hedge become gappy in places to the west. Acer campestre Field Maple Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Fraxinus excelsior Ash Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet Quercus robur English Oak Salix cinerea Grey Willow Salix fragilis Crack Willow Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort Ulmus sp. Elm species

Target Note 1354 Overgrown, generally defunct, species-poor hedges with occasional trees. Wet ditchs at base with occasional patches of bramble scrub adjacent. Hedges approximately 4m tall and 4m wide. Ditches are generally shaded with some small open areas.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Galium aparine Cleavers F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Urtica dioica Nettle F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus procera English Elm O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass R Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 1355 Track at edge of field adjacent to railway. Track is surfaced (tarmac) at west end and becomes a dirt track to the east. Adjacent hedge is species-poor with a shallow ditch at its base. Dense bramble dominated scrub is adjacent to the railway with occasional hawthorn also present.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Galium aparine Cleavers F Urtica dioica Nettle F Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O



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Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Acer campestre Field Maple R Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue R Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort R Myosotis sp. Forget-me-not species R Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage R Polystichum setiferum Soft Shield-fern R Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R

Target Note 1356 Species-poor semi-improved grassland fields (tall sward). Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass D Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog O Agrostis capillaris Common Bent R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R Galium aparine Cleavers R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Lolium perenne Ryegrass R Phleum pratense Timothy R Trifolium repens White Clover R Urtica dioica Nettle R

Target Note 1357 Small block of broad-leaved plantation dominated by poplar. Area in front in field contains patches of bramble dominated dense scrub and a large area of tall ruderal herbs dominated by cleavers with abundant nettle and hogweed. This area is full of old, rusty farm machinery.

Galium aparine Cleavers D Populus alba White Poplar D Hedera helix Ivy A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Populus sp. Poplar species F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O

Target Note 1358 Tall, species-poor hedge and trees (6m tall, 3m wide) over heavily shaded wet ditch. Ulmus procera English Elm A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1359 Scrubbed over green lane with hedges (3-4m high) either side and wet ditch either side. Hedge to wast = species rich. Track opens up for short section of

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Acer campestre Field Maple F



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Ulmus procera English Elm F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Carex pendula Pendulous Sedge O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Phragmites australis Reed O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome R Bryonia dioica White Bryony R Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy R Quercus robur English Oak R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1360 Area of dense tall scrub/tree regeneration bordered by ditches. Ditches are heavily shaded and inaccessible.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Ulmus procera English Elm F Buddleja davidii Buddleia O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Salix caprea Goat Willow O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R

Target Note 1361 Open, heeavily vegetated ditch with scattered scrub. A low flailed, species-poor hedge (1.5m tall) is present along the northern end of the ditch.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Sambucus nigra Elder O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome R Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Rumex crispus Curled Dock R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 1362 Low flailed, species-poor hedges (2m tall, 2m wide) with shaded ditches below. Semi-improved grassland adjacent has been cut for sileage.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A



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Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Ulmus procera English Elm O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris R Juncus effusus Soft Rush R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1363 2.5m tall, 1.5m wide hedge (species-poor) over heavily shaded wet ditch. Elm dominated.with some crack willow trees. Short section of open ditch at eastern end where hedge becomes defunct.

Ulmus procera English Elm A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Glyceria sp. Sweet-grass species O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1364 Defunct, overgrown hedge (species-poor) with wet ditch below. Hedge is 5m tall and 3m wide with some oak trees present with the hedge and adjacent to it.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Acer campestre Field Maple R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Quercus robur English Oak R Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1365 Small field bordered by species-poor elm dominated hedges. The field has largely scrubbed over. However the southern portion looks to have had some recent disturbance and a mix of ephemeral vegetation and modified neutral grassland species has developed.

Festuca rubra Red Fescue A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hordeum murinum Wall Barley O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed O Moss sp. Moss species O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O



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Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Trifolium repens White Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Verbascum thapsus Common Mullein O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Carex hirta Hairy Sedge R Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Epilobium sp. Willowherb species R Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce R Linaria vulgaris Common Toadflax R Reseda lutea Wild Mignonette R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Salix caprea Goat Willow R Sambucus nigra Elder R Sedum acre Biting Stonecrop R Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard R Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle R

Target Note 1366 Unmanaged semi-improved grassland fields which have areas of scrub and tall ruderal herb Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass D Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Agrostis capillaris Common Bent O Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil O Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort O Phleum pratense Timothy O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Trisetum flavescens Golden Oat-grass O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O

Target Note 1367 Species-poor unmanaged hedge with occasional trees at its eastern end and dry ditch adjacent to its western end. Heading north from this hedge is reed choked drain with dense bramble along its east

Ulmus procera English Elm D Phragmites australis Reed A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O



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Galium aparine Cleavers O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Urtica dioica Nettle O Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R

Target Note 1368 Section of former drove/track which is un-used and overgrown with scrub species. It is bordered by outgrown, unmanaged hedges (species-poor) with shaded ditches beneath.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Ulmus procera English Elm A Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Urtica dioica Nettle F Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix alba White Willow O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Tamus communis Black Bryony O

Target Note 1369 Field that is almost completely overun by bramble scrub and tall ruderal vegetation. There is also heaps of material (likely to be agricultural lime) in the east of this field.

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble D Galium aparine Cleavers A Urtica dioica Nettle F Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Conium maculatum Hemlock O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O

Target Note 1370 Species-poor hedge with shaded ditch beneath. There are also occasional trees. The hedge runs along track which leads to West House Farm/warehouse.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Acer campestre Field Maple F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy R

Target Note 1371



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Species-poor hedge and trees with shaded ditch beneath (ditch was very shallow during survey and likely to be liable to drying).

Ulmus procera English Elm D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Tamus communis Black Bryony R

Target Note 1372 Number of similar species-poor hedges sometimes with adjacent ditches shaded beneath hedge. There is also a section of defunct hedge, the adjacent ditch has an increased amount of aquatic and marginal vegetation.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Humulus lupulus Hop R Ribes nigrum Blackcurrant R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1373 Section of Stuppill Rhine and adjacent hedgerow. Dense reed in places. Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Phragmites australis Reed A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Hedera helix Ivy O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 1374 Area of unmanaged scrub and modifeid neutral grassland adjacent to the railway and oil depot in the north of the Port Company land. Area under pipes is reed dominated swamp.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A



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Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Phragmites australis Reed F Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Epilobium sp. Willowherb species O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wort O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Silene latifolia White Campion O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Urtica dioica Nettle O Fallopia japonica Japanese Knotweed R Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw R Sedum acre Biting Stonecrop R

Target Note 1375 Species-poor hedge and trees with dry ditch. Ulmus glabra Wych Elm A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Urtica dioica Nettle O Alnus glutinosa Alder R

Target Note 1376 Heavily vegetated, shallow ditch (2m wide). Phragmites australis Reed A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris F Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Urtica dioica Nettle O

Target Note 1377 Species-poor hedge along a track with occasional trees. There is a shaded wet ditch along the eastern hedge line which is reed dominated (particularily in breaks in the hedge). Track is grassed, with false oat-grass dominant.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Acer campestre Field Maple F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome F Hedera helix Ivy F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Phragmites australis Reed F



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Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ulmus procera English Elm F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Corylus avellana Hazel O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Matricaria chamomilla Scented Mayweed O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb R Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R

Target Note 1378 Species-poor hedge (4m tall) with shaded wet ditch beneath. One part of ditch has been dug into a small pool. This pooled area is completely shaded by the hedge. Thereis a thin band of woodland adjacent, with similar mix of species as present in the hedge.

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Ulmus procera English Elm A Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Anisanthera sterilis Sterile Brome O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Galium aparine Cleavers O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Ulmus glabra Wych Elm O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Carex remota Remote Sedge R Tamus communis Black Bryony R

Target Note 1379 Double hedgerow (species-poor) with shaded wet ditches. This would have been a track/drove at one time but it has scrubbed over and is now impassible. There is also a small block of wood adjacent.



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Quercus robur English Oak F Acer campestre Field Maple O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Hedera helix Ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Urtica dioica Nettle O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 1380 Washingpool Lane with species-poor hedge (4m tall) and occasional trees. The northern section of the lane is unused and scrubbed over. There are also shaded ditches running paralell to the hedges. The track is open and tarmaced to the south. Some sections of hedge have bands of scrub and trees

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn D Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Acer campestre Field Maple O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Phragmites australis Reed O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Salix cinerea Grey Willow O Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia sativa Common Vetch O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Carex sp. Sedge species R Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Geranium lucidum Shining Cranesbill R Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy R Humulus lupulus Hop R Malus pumila Apple R Prunus sp. Cherry species R Ribes uva-crispa Gooseberry R



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Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Target Note 1381 Species-poor hedges and ditches along Ableton Lane. Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed A Hedera helix Ivy A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Salix fragilis Crack Willow A Ulmus procera English Elm A Urtica dioica Nettle A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort O Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Phragmites australis Reed O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb R Corylus avellana Hazel R Lamium album White Dead-nettle R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell R

Target Note 1382 Pond and bankside vegetation Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain F Carex hirta Hairy Sedge F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort F Phleum pratense Timothy F Phragmites australis Reed F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rumex crispus Curled Dock F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherb O Geranium molle Dove's-foot Cranesbill O



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Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Lemna minor Common Duckweed O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Trifolium repens White Clover O Conyza canadensis Canadian Fleabane R Salix cinerea Grey Willow R

Target Note 1383 Open ditch along west side cleared pastoral farmland. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Carex hirta Hairy Sedge F Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass F Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue F Juncus inflexus Hard Rush F Lemna minor Common Duckweed F Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort F Phragmites australis Reed F Senecio jacobaea Ragwort F Urtica dioica Nettle F Alisma plantago-aquatilis Water-plantain O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Carex remota Remote Sedge O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Juncus effusus Soft Rush O Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Conyza canadensis Canadian Fleabane R

Target Note 1384 Area of bare soil formerly pastoral farmland. This area has been completely cleared of all hedges, trees, ditches and grassland.

Target Note 1385 Outgrown, unmanaged species-poor hedges with shaded wet ditches beneath. Dense scrub borders the hedges due to the woody hedge species spreading into the fields.

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F



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Salix fragilis Crack Willow F Urtica dioica Nettle F Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fern O Galium aparine Cleavers O Populus x canescens Grey Poplar O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Ulmus procera English Elm O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Sambucus nigra Elder R Tamus communis Black Bryony R

Target Note 1386 Small area of woodland. Only survey from edges as no access point could be found. Ulmus procera English Elm D Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Salix fragilis Crack Willow O Sambucus nigra Elder O Tamus communis Black Bryony O

Target Note 1387 Wet ditch adjacent to warehouse. Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species F Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass O Nasturtium officinale Watercress O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass O Phragmites australis Reed O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R

Target Note 1388 Small area of broad-leaved semi-natural woodland adjacent to track and surrounded by wet ditches. Woodland and ditch species noted.

Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Hedera helix Ivy F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Callitriche sp. Water Starwort species O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O Phragmites australis Reed O Salix caprea Goat Willow O



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Tamus communis Black Bryony O Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip R Prunus sp. Cherry species R Calystegia sp. Bindweed species

Target Note 1389 Semi-improved grassland fields either side of Ableton Lane. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Phleum pratense Timothy A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Daucus carota Wild Carrot O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Achillea millefolium Yarrow R Conyza canadensis Canadian Fleabane R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane R Melilotus officinalis Ribbed Melilot R Sambucus nigra Elder R Senecio jacobaea Ragwort R

Target Note 1390 Landscape planting along tarmac footpath including ditches on either side and 1m wide mown strip of amenity grassland.

Cornus sanguinea Dogwood A Phragmites australis Reed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Salix fragilis Crack Willow A Ulmus sp. Elm species A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lolium perenne Ryegrass F Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil F



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Salix species Willow species F Sambucus nigra Elder F Trifolium repens White Clover F Typha latifolia Greater Reedmace F Viburnum opulus Guelder-rose F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Alnus glutinosa Alder O Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress O Aster sp. Michaelmas-daisy species O Buddleja davidii Buddleia O Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge O Daucus carota Wild Carrot O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue O Hypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wort O Juncus inflexus Hard Rush O Symphoricarpos albus Snowberry O Viscum album Mistletoe O Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort R

Target Note 1391 Pond, aquatic, marginal and bankside vegetation. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Lemna minor Common Duckweed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Hedera helix Ivy F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort F Sambucus nigra Elder F Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet F Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O

Target Note 1392 Semi-improved grassland fields, Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup A Trifolium repens White Clover A Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear F Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O



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Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat's-ear O Ornithopus perpusillus Bird's-foot O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Urtica dioica Nettle O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony R

Target Note 1393 Species-rich defunct hedgerow along the top of Aust Cliff. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Corylus avellana Hazel O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley O Lolium perenne Ryegrass O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Trifolium repens White Clover O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern R Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle R

Target Note 1394 Potato Tump and Bushy Brake - small pockets of semi-improved woodland. Fraxinus excelsior Ash D Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble D Hedera helix Ivy A Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell A Circaea lutetiana Enchanter's Nightshade F Ulmus glabra Wych Elm F Acer campestre Field Maple O Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Corylus avellana Hazel O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Geum urbanum Wood Avens O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Primula vulgaris Primrose O



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Quercus robur English Oak O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock O Sambucus nigra Elder O Silene dioica Red Campion O Urtica dioica Nettle O Viola riviniana Wood-dog-violet O Lapsana communis Nipplewort R

Target Note 1395 Species-rich hedgerow along east side of Wick Moor Drove. A bank is present along whole length of the hedge with a dry ditch in sections.

Acer campestre Field Maple A Hedera helix Ivy A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Galium aparine Cleavers F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort F Ulmus procera English Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Corylus avellana Hazel O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Euonymus europaeus Spindle O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Primula vulgaris Primrose O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Sambucus nigra Elder O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Viburnum lantana Wayfaring-tree O Viola riviniana Wood-dog-violet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Quercus robur English Oak R

Target Note 1396 Field boundary species -rich hedgerow, east of Wick Moor Drove. A bank and ditch are also associated with this hedge.

Acer campestre Field Maple A Hedera helix Ivy A Phragmites australis Reed A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Galium aparine Cleavers F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Urtica dioica Nettle F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O



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Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Rhamnus cathartica Purging Buckthorn O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Ulmus procera English Elm O Salix cinerea Grey Willow R Prunus domestica insititia Bullace

Target Note 1397 Species-rich hedgerow with bank. Elytrigia repens Common Couch A Hedera helix Ivy A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Acer campestre Field Maple F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Rubia peregrina F Urtica dioica Nettle F Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifrage O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R

Target Note 1398 Hedgerows alongside Middle Moor Drove. Acer campestre Field Maple A Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed A Hedera helix Ivy A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort F Vicia sepium Bush Vetch F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O



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Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Ulmus procera English Elm O Bryonia dioica White Bryony R Conium maculatum Hemlock R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Galium album Hedge Bedstraw R Lamium album White Dead-nettle R Lapsana communis Nipplewort R Rubia peregrina R Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort R Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle R Tamus communis Black Bryony R Ulmus glabra Wych Elm R

Target Note 1399 Hedgerow with shallow wet ditch and bank. Ulmus sp. Elm species D Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed A Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phragmites australis Reed F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Conium maculatum Hemlock O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Lapsana communis Nipplewort O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Acer campestre Field Maple R Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1400 Species-rich hedgerow and ditch. Elytrigia repens Common Couch A Hedera helix Ivy A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Acer campestre Field Maple F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F



1979.334 Page 464

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Cornus sanguinea Dogwood F Corylus avellana Hazel F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard O Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Euonymus europaeus Spindle O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Quercus robur English Oak O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Allium vineale Wild Onion R Conium maculatum Hemlock R Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet R Sambucus nigra Elder R Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R Viburnum lantana Wayfaring-tree R

Target Note 1401 Small pond in hedgerow. Acer campestre Field Maple A Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Urtica dioica Nettle A Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Ulmus sp. Elm species F Anthemis austriaca O Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort O

Target Note 1402 Species-poor hedgerow adjacent to public footpath. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Hedera helix Ivy A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Acer campestre Field Maple F Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F



1979.334 Page 465

Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Galium aparine Cleavers F Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock F Ulmus sp. Elm species F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Phragmites australis Reed O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Sambucus nigra Elder O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Tamus communis Black Bryony O

Target Note 1403 Hedgerow, ditch and verge (with mix of rough grassland and tall herb species) along west side of Wick Moor Drove. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Cornus sanguinea Dogwood A Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Phragmites australis Reed F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Salix cinerea Grey Willow F Trifolium repens White Clover F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony O Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel O Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Chaerophyllum temulem Rough Chervil O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Galium aparine Cleavers O Geranium molle Dove's-foot Cranesbill O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lamium album White Dead-nettle O Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O Linaria vulgaris Common Toadflax O Lotus pedunculatus Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil O Medicago lupulina Black Medick O Phleum pratense Timothy O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Plantago major Greater Plantain O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O



1979.334 Page 466

Salix alba White Willow O Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort O Senecio aquaticus Marsh Ragwort O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed O Ulmus procera English Elm O Urtica dioica Nettle O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Arctium minus ssp. pubens R Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome R Bromus sp. Brome species R Daucus carota Wild Carrot R Galium album Hedge Bedstraw R Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert R Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue R Hieracium sp. Hawkweed species R Rubia peregrina R Senecio vulgaris Groundsel R

Target Note 1404 Hedge and verge on east side of Wick Moor Drove, hedge is outgrown with regeneration of hedge species spreading onto verge. Tall ruderal and modified neutral grassland are the dominant habitats along the verge.

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Prunus spinosa Blackthorn A Acer campestre Field Maple F Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Hedera helix Ivy F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Ulmus procera English Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Calystegia sp. Bindweed species O Conium maculatum Hemlock O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Linaria vulgaris Common Toadflax O Phragmites australis Reed O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony R Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome R Iris foetidissima Stinking Iris R Malus pumila Apple R Malva sylvestris Common Mallow R Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey R Tamus communis Black Bryony R

Target Note 1405 Detailed assessment of these hedgerows was not possible as access was not agreed at time of



1979.334 Page 467

survey (25/9/12). These hedgerows were mapped from adjacent land.

Target Note 1406 Species-rich hedge and trees with dry ditch, it stretches between East Brook and West Brook. Fraxinus excelsior Ash A Hedera helix Ivy A Urtica dioica Nettle A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Bromus sp. Brome species F Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Acer campestre Field Maple O Alnus glutinosa Alder O Asplenium scolopendrium Hart's-tongue O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot O Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern O Elytrigia repens Common Couch O Galium aparine Cleavers O Impatiens glandulifera Himalayan Balsam O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Quercus robur English Oak O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy R Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1407 Semi-improved grassland field Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog A Lolium perenne Ryegrass A Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Hordeum secalinum Meadow barley F Phleum pratense Timothy F Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass F Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass F Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion F Trifolium pratense Red Clover F Trifolium repens White Clover F Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail O Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel O Rumex crispus Curled Dock O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O

Target Note 1408 Species-poor hedgerow and dry ditch parallel to West Brook. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D



1979.334 Page 468

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Acer campestre Field Maple F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Galium aparine Cleavers F Hedera helix Ivy F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Ulmus procera English Elm F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy O Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose O Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Vicia sepium Bush Vetch O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R

Target Note 1409 Marginal and aquatic vegetation associated with West & East Brooks. Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass A Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb A Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet A Urtica dioica Nettle A Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress F Brassica rapa Wild Turnip F Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Elytrigia repens Common Couch F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort F Phragmites australis Reed F Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble F Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore O Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Dipsacus fullonum Teasel O Galium album Hedge Bedstraw O Humulus lupulus Hop O Impatiens glandulifera Himalayan Balsam O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort O Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed O Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort O Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey O Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony R Fraxinus excelsior Ash R Populus sp. Poplar species R

Target Note 1410 Species-poor hedgerow and shaded ditch beneath with occasional trees. Prunus spinosa Blackthorn D Galium aparine Cleavers A Hedera helix Ivy A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A



1979.334 Page 469

Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Phragmites australis Reed F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Ulmus procera English Elm F Urtica dioica Nettle F Acer campestre Field Maple O Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle O Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Fraxinus excelsior Ash O Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Quercus robur English Oak O Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Fagus sylvatica Beech R Quercus ilex Evergreen Oak R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R Sambucus nigra Elder R

Target Note 1411 Species-poor hedgerow with dry ditch along Whitewick Lane. Ulmus procera English Elm D Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed A Hedera helix Ivy A Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Urtica dioica Nettle A Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Galium aparine Cleavers F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort F Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Hieracium sp. Hawkweed species O Lamium album White Dead-nettle O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn R Quercus robur English Oak R Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose R Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock R

Target Note 1412 Species-poor hedgerow and wet ditch along public footpath adjacent to Hinkley Point powerstation boundary.

Lemna minor Common Duckweed D Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn A Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy A Hedera helix Ivy A Phragmites australis Reed A



1979.334 Page 470

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble A Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle F Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot F Dysenterica pulicaria Fleabane F Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed F Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog F Iris foetidissima Stinking Iris F Prunus spinosa Blackthorn F Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose F Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle O Phleum pratense Timothy O Prunella vulgaris Selfheal O Salix alba White Willow O Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet O Tamus communis Black Bryony O Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Lapsana communis Nipplewort R Sambucus nigra Elder R Viburnum lantana Wayfaring-tree R


APPENDIX D – NOTES OF HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT THEMATIC GROUP SCOPING MEETINGS



HINKLEY POINT C CONNECTION PROJECT NOTE OF HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT THEMATIC GROUP MEETING

16 JANUARY 2013, ARCHITECTURE CENTRE, BRISTOL




Linda Desmond (LD) National Grid Overhead Lines & Cables - Construction Tom Wilson (TW) Historic Environment Consultant,

RSK (Consultants to National Grid) Heritage Consultant


Bob Croft Somerset County Council County Archaeologist,

Tanya James Somerset County Council Historic Environment Officer

Steve Membury Somerset County Council Development Control Officer (Archaeology)


Marianna Porter North Somerset Council Conservation and Heritage Officer

Vanessa Straker English Heritage Archaeological Science Adviser

Hugh Beamish English Heritage Inspector of Ancient Monuments

Martin Papworth National Trust Archaeologist


Project Manager

Vince Russet Somerset County Council County Archaeologist

David Haigh South Gloucestershire Council Specialist Planning Support Officer

Kathryn Goodliffe Sedgemoor District Council Conservation Officer

ACTIONS OWNER WHEN

6.1 Attendees to confirm (to [email protected]) whether they are happy for their responses to be circulated to all attendees.

Attendees 13/02/13

6.2 Circulate presentation slides and digital version of the draft EIA Scoping Report Chapter for Historic Environment.


6.3 Send geophysical survey methodology to English Heritage. National Grid Ongoing 6.4 Attendees to nominate the appropriate person/specialist to receive

draft scoping chapter for all EIA topics (see presentation slides) so that National Grid can direct meeting requests and discussions accordingly.

Attendees 01/02/13

6.5 3D model to be shown at the March 2013 Thematic Group Meeting


6.6 A request that geophysical reports are presented to the thematic group.


6.7 Somerset CC to provide LiDAR data to National Grid Somerset County Council

13/02/13

6.8 Consult LiDAR data. National Grid Ongoing. 6.9 North Somerset Council to circulate ‘extensive urban surveys’ to

National Grid. North Somerset Council

13/02/13



1. Introduction


• Project Update;

• Presentation on the T Pylon; and

• Draft Historic Environment EIA Scoping Chapter

1.2 RW explained that throughout the forthcoming Thematic Groups National Grid would be seeking the professional, considered and authoritative responses of attendees on behalf of their respective organisations. Comments captured and recorded in the minutes would be attributed to the organisation rather than to individuals (unless expressly indicated by the attendee).

1.3 RW expressed National Grid’s thanks for the consultation representations received in November and December 2012




• Over 900 representations had been received including submissions from numerous statutory consultees;

• National Grid are currently analysing the representations received and these would be addressed in the Consultation Feedback Report

1.5 RW provided an update on progress liaising with Person with an Interest in Land (PILS). RW emphasised that it was important for National Grid to understand any operational restrictions or requirements which might influence the position of pylons or other infrastructure. RW also noted that discussions with landowners have been positive with the vast majority allowing National Grid to access their land.

1.6 RW explained that during the Autumn consultation period National Grid had meet statutory consultees to explain the draft route and had also held three Local Community Forum (LCF) meetings. Some of the key questions arising from the LCFs were presented on the presentation slides (see attached).

1.7 CC outlined that, for the purposes of consultation, the long linear Bridgwater to Seabank 400kV connection had been broken down into a number of ‘study areas’. To avoid confusion within the EIA process, these areas would now be referred to as ‘sections’. .

2. Completed Works, Proposed Works and the 3D Model.

2.1 CC provided an overview of:







• National Grid had met many statutory and key non-statutory consultees including the Highways Agency, Network Rail, Environment Agency and the Internal Drainage Boards to identify operational restrictions which should be considered in the process of siting pylons;

• National Grid’s project engineers had been conducting further detailed engineering and constructability walkover surveys, which included identifying potential access points and culverting locations; and

• Seasonally constrained ecology surveys have been undertaken including tree surveys to establish if any support bat roosts.

An attendee from North Somerset Council asked whether hedgerows had been surveyed? CC explained that the vast majority of hedgerows along the entire route have been surveyed as part of the ecological assessments, but others will be surveyed where we have not previously been able to get on the land.

2.3 Proposed works included:





• Assessing potential locations for photomontages.

2.4 CC outlined the purpose of the 3D model was twofold: firstly to support public consultation and secondly to provide consultees with an impression of what the views might look like. Examples of some of the views were presented (see presentation slides). CC outlined that the intention is to bring the 3D model to the thematic group meeting in March 2013 to demonstrate its capabilities. An update on progress will be provided in February 2013.

2.5 A slide of the project programme was displayed (see page 13 of the slides sent to attendees on 16

th & 17

th January 2013). CC explained that National Grid’s

programme is extremely tight and constrained by the contracted agreements with generators such as the proposed Hinkley C nuclear power station and the gas-fired power station at Seabank. CC explained that the s.42 consultation is scheduled for summer 2013, with the DCO due for submission in winter 2013.

2.6 CC explained that the aim of presenting the draft EIA scoping chapter at this meeting and seeking comments was to enable attendees to highlight any concerns and issues prior to formal submission to PINS. CC explained that in National Grid’s scoping report it would be made clear to PINS that key stakeholders had been provided with drafts of the appropriate chapters for comment and it would also explain and give reasons for why comments have/have not been taken into account. CC also explained that members of the National Grid project team would be happy to make themselves available for meetings should anyone have any concerns about the scoping chapter that they feel would benefit from being discussed.



2.7 An attendee from Somerset County Council queried whether the EIA will be ready for the s.42 consultation in the summer 2013? CC advised that an ES is not required for s.42 consultation. Instead, National Grid will provide a "Preliminary Environmental Information Report to accompany consultation. The same attendee clarified that the final ES will accompany the submission of the DCO? CC confirmed this would be the case.

2.8 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked who was doing the Geological Conservation assessment? CC confirmed that RSK would be undertaking geological assessment.

2.9 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked for clarification on what rights the voluntary access agreements with PILs gave National Grid. . RW outlined that the agreements with the PILs are for access for environmental (in the broadest sense) and engineering surveys needed to inform the development of the design of the Hinkley C Connection project

2.10 An attendee from Somerset County Council emphasised the importance of monitoring any invasive work and highlighted the benefit of early engagement with attendees to discuss the results. RW noted the point

3. T Pylon Presentation

3.1 LD gave a presentation on T-pylon (the presentation was circulated to attendees of the Historic Environment Thematic Group on 22

nd January 2013).

3.2

Several questions arose from the presentation which are set out below: An attendee from Somerset County Council asked whether culverts that are required to assist in the construction process will be retained after the works are complete? RW replied that National Grid will consider which culverts needed to be retained for the long-term e.g. for access

3.3 An attendee from English Heritage asked whether painting pylons provided an opportunity for mitigation RW noted this comment and explained that the design and external appearance of the T Pylon would be important considerations if this type of structure is used on the Hinkley project.

3.4 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked whether there was a genuine possibility that the T Pylon will be ready for use on the Hinkley Point C connection between Bridgwater and Seabank? RW replied that there were a number of challenges that need to be addressed and that a final decision on whether to use the T Pylon would be made before the s.42 consultation begins in the summer of 2013. RW explained that regular updates on the progress of the T Pylon can be found on the T Pylon blog available at the following link: http://www.nationalgridt-talk.com



3.5 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked what is the size and material of the diamond array? LD replied that the diamond array measures 12/13m high and 8m wide. The insulators consist of glass fibre rods with a grey silicon coating, which are known as composite insulators and are more slender than glass or porcelain insulators.

3.6 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked what was the ‘driving force behind the T Pylons’, noting that they cost more, require more concrete and have less green sustainability credentials than steel lattice pylons. RW responded that the T Pylon had been chosen as a result of a design competition organised by DECC and the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA). The winning design had been chosen largely on aesthetics and had generated considerable national attention on pylon types. As a major National Grid project it is appropriate that consideration is given to the T Pylon in the context of this connection.

3.7 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked whether the design of equipment with the cable sealing end compounds will change significantly? LD explained that the appearance of equipment in a sealing end compound does not differ between the T Pylon and steel lattice pylons. LD also emphasised that the equipment is extremely important for the safe and correct functioning of the transmission system. LD explained that National Grid is considering the feasibility of alternative sealing end compound designs (including indoor compounds) and that if feasible details of these would be provided in the s42 consultation. RW added that National Grid always seeks to design structures that fit into the landscape, but there is often a trade-off as lower height equipment might mean a wider area is required to accommodate the technology resulting in potentially greater effects on ecology and the historic environment.

3.8 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked what consideration National Grid will give to the carbon footprint of T Pylons compared to steel lattice pylons? RW responded that as part of the development of the T Pylon National Grid is considering its carbon footprint and possible ways to reduce it. .

3.9 An attendee from North Somerset Council asked what where the span lengths between each T Pylon compared to steel lattice pylons. LD responded that the span lengths have been designed to be the same distance for both T Pylons and steel lattice pylons (approximately 360m). Linked to above question, an attendee from Somerset County Council asked whether the use of higher T Pylons enabling larger spans would decrease the number of pylons required in the landscape. LD replied that this was not necessarily the case.

3.10 An attendee from Somerset County Council raised concern that multiple pylon designs in the landscape will look incongruous. RW replied that due to the differences in the conductor arrangement and the visual design and appearance of the pylons National Grid’s preferred approach would be to avoid mixing and matching. It is more likely that, if used, the T Pylon would be used as the basis for the connection across an entire Study Area (Section).



4.0 Discussion – Draft EIA Scoping Chapter for the Historic Environment

4.1 TW presented attendees with the draft EIA scoping chapter for the Historic Environment. RW confirmed the chapter would be circulated for comments and responses from attendees are requested no later than February 13

th 2013.

4.2

Several questions arose from the discussion of the draft EIA scoping chapter, which are set out below:

An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council commented that the chapter and approach presented was ‘reassuring’; the terminology is used correctly and demonstrates an understanding of the issues and what is to be included within the assessments TW welcomed this feedback.

4.3 An attendee from English Heritage commented that the correct terminology has been used and that the chapter notes the subtle difference between effect and impact. TW noted this comment.

4.4 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council noted the reference to PPS5 and commented that this was interesting as they understood the guidance for electricity networks infrastructure was set out in the National Policy Statements. TW responded that whilst the NPS and National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) provide the context for consideration of the Historic Environment in development, the PPS5 Practice Guide is still seen by most archaeologists as establishing best practice.

4.5 An attendee from Somerset County Council made an observation about clarity of language, particularly in respect of the words “sensitivity” and “significance”. The attendee considered the current explanation of these words could cause confusion. The attendee suggested that there would be merit in National Grid providing a table/matrix which set out the terminology used and their specific meaning – this would ensure the assessment is clear for external readers to follow. RW noted these points.

4.6 An attendee from English Heritage welcomed the geophysical references in the draft scoping chapter. TW noted this positive feedback.

4.7 An attendee from North Somerset Council requested that the word “Avon” be replaced with the word “Somerset”. RW noted this comment and advised that where possible the term Somerset Levels North will be used in place of the word Avon. However, RW explained that some of the references to Avon are derived from policy documents and guidance produced by other organisations, and that as a result ‘Avon’ will need to remain in some parts of the chapter.

4.8 An attendee from English Heritage asked whether LiDAR data will be used. RW responded that publicly available LiDAR data would be used where appropriate.

4.9 An attendee from English Heritage asked who would be doing the field reconnaissance on behalf of National Grid RW replied that National Grid will always employ a suitably qualified person to undertake surveys and related development work.



4.10 An attendee from English Heritage advised National Grid to use caution when conducting geophysical surveys in wetland areas as the results could be distorted by the presence of water. TW noted these comments.

4.11 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked when the geophysical pits will be dug and how these would be resourced. TW advised that work on the pits would commence imminently and that he would be overseeing the bulk of the work.

4.12 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council advised that the coring works would be particularly useful from an archaeological perspective. Linked to the above question, an attendee from Somerset County Council and an attendee from English Heritage commented that coring provided an ‘opportunity for mitigation’ through the appropriate analysis of results. RW noted these comments.

4.13 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked if once the initial results of surveys and geophysical investigations had been completed, will National Grid come back to local curators before starting the fieldwork? TW responded that input will be sought from appropriate professional at the appropriate stage.

4.14 An attendee from North Somerset Council advised that National Grid might find the extensive urban surveys useful in understanding settings. TW welcomed this additional source of information and requested that the attendee send it to National Grid at the earliest opportunity.

4.15 An attendee from English Heritage requested that for fieldwork assessments could National Grid provide a commitment that the work will be carried out by a suitably qualified specialist (i.e. the same commitment given to specialists carrying out the geophysical survey work). RW reiterated that National Grid will always employ a suitably qualified person to undertake surveys and related development work.

4.16 An attendee from Somerset County Council suggested that the results of the ten issues listed in paragraph 1.60 of the draft scoping chapter be recorded in tabular format for ease of reference RW noted these suggestions.

4.17 An attendee from Somerset County Council made a general observation that they were concerned that LPA’s had little opportunity within the current programme timescales to provide detailed feedback RW noted this point and offered to meet with individual organisations to discuss their concerns if required.

5. Agenda for the Next Meeting

5.1 The agenda will be circulated approximately one week before the next meeting. The items that will be discussed will include a review of attendees’ responses to the draft scoping report.

6. Date and Time of the Next Meeting

6.1 The next meeting will take place on Wednesday 20th February 2013 at 13:30, with refreshments from 13:15. The venue is The Architecture Centre, 16 Narrow Quay, Bristol, BS1 4QA

HINKLEY POINT C CONNECTION PROJECT NOTE OF HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT THEMATIC GROUP MEETING 7






Tom Wilson (TW) RSK (Consultants to National Grid) Heritage Consultant



Project Manager


EIA Director

Steve Membery Somerset County Council Development Control Officer (Archaeology)

Tanya James Somerset County Council Historic Environment Officer David Haigh South Gloucestershire Council Specialist Planning Support Officer

Marianna Porter North Somerset Council Conservation and Heritage Officer

Kathryn Goodliffe Sedgemoor District Council Conservation Officer

Hugh Beamish English Heritage Inspector of Ancient Monuments

Apologies





Karin Taylor National Trust Head of Land Use Planning

Martin Papworth National Trust Archaeologist

Caroline Power English Heritage Historic Environment Adviser

Vanessa Straker English Heritage Archaeological Science Adviser

Vince Russet North Somerset Council County Archaeologist

Katie Bennett Arups Project Manager

Bob Jones Bristol City Council City Archaeologist

Action Log (agreed at meeting) ACTIONS OWNER WHEN

7.1 Somerset County Council to supply data of non-designated assets of equivalent significance to designated assets.


08/03/13

7.2 Attendees to review the draft route and advise on archaeological sites of equivalent significance to designated assets.

Attendees 08/03/13

7.3 GIS shape file of the draft route to be provided to Historic Environment Record Officers at Local Authorities to establish if there are any Parks & Gardens within 10km of the proposed route.

Attendees 08/03/13

7.4 Contact Richard Brunning at Somerset County Council about borehole information.


08/03/13

7.5 National Grid to liaise with English Heritage about borehole logs.


7.6 Archaeological specification to be sent direct to all attendees (not just the main points of contact at local authorities). Feedback to be returned within 7 days.


7.7 National Grid to formally approach English Heritage for information on sites being considered for scheduling/designation.


7.8 National Grid to obtain Somerset Archaeological Handbook. National Grid 21/02/13 Outstanding Actions from Previous Meetings


2.9 National Grid to arrange for its heritage consultants to meet English Heritage on site to discuss the Hinkley Line Entries



3.6 Attendees to send nominations for appropriate representatives to attend meetings on hydrology/flooding issues to Ellen Struthers

Attendees Closed

3.10 Attendees to provide National Grid with details of non-designated historic environment assets that are of demonstrably equivalent significance to designated assets



4.2 Sedgemoor District Council to provide National Grid with a copy of the book ‘Conservation Areas of Sedgemoor’


Closed

4.7 National Grid to make contact with the Portable Antiquity Scheme



5.1 National Grid to contact Historic Environment Officer regarding action 4.8 from previous meeting (Attendees to confirm whether they are happy for the information they have provided to be made public).


5.2 National Grid to look at overlaying Local Community Forum comments plan on TEP survey plans.


5.3 Somerset County Council to review Puriton Energy Park and Puriton Royal Ordinance Factory sites and provide any relevant data to National Grid.


Ongoing

5.4 Attendees to provide National Grid with the contact details of any relevant societies that should be included in the consultation process.

Attendees Closed

5.5 National Grid to upload Historic Environment Plans on to the FTP site.


5.6 Attendees to provide comments on the maps tabled at the meeting.

Attendees Closed

5.7 National Grid to have regard to English Heritage guidance with regard to the consideration of setting.


5.8 National Grid to contact National Trust to request a copy of Settings Study.


5.9 Archaeology Risk Plan to be digitalised and uploaded to the FTP site prior to the next meeting as well as be presented at the next meeting.


February Meeting Notes 1. Introduction

1.1 RW went through the suggested changes to the January Thematic Group Meeting notes. All attendees agreed that subject to the discussed changes being made the meeting notes from the January Historic Environment Thematic Group meeting were an accurate reflection of the meeting and

the points discussed. National Grid explained that these will now be uploaded (together with all of the information provided to attendees) onto the Hinkley C Connection project website: http://www.hinkleyconnection.co.uk/meeting-notes-thematic-groups.aspx

2. Project Update


2.2 CC explained that meetings with Local Authorities and other Stakeholders had taken place to identify operational restrictions which may influence the position of pylons or construction accesses/working arrangements. CC explained that these meetings would continue as the design of the proposed development evolves. CC confirmed that the engineering walkover and constructability surveys had continued.

2.3 CC explained that to ensure the most appropriate design of pylon is used for the connection National Grid is proposing to assess the steel lattice pylon and the T Pylon. The most appropriate method of assessing these alternatives appears to be National Grid’s approach to Options Appraisal. CC explained that comments received in response to the draft alignment consultation regarding the narrative form of assessment in the COR had been noted and National Grid was considering ways to make the information and the reasons for decisions clearer for consultees. CC reiterated that a decision on lattice pylons v T Pylon would be made before the s42/47 consultation and would be included within the PEIR.

2.4 A slide showing key dates was displayed. CC provided attendees with advanced notice that the s42/47 consultation will start on 3

rd September 2013.



nd March


2.6 CC explained that in order to meet the project programme, National Grid was proposing to issue the EIA scoping report to PINS before the end of March 2013. CC explained that following acceptance of the EIA Scoping Report stakeholders would be consulted by PINS on the scope proposed. CC explained that in accordance with Regulation 8 (7) of the Infrastructure Planning EIA Regs 2009 PINS have 42 days to provide National Grid with their scoping opinion. CC advised that National Grid would be happy to issue the EIA scoping report to local authorities at the same time as submitting it to PINS.

3. Draft Historic Environment EIA Scoping Chapter.

3.1 TW outlined an example of some of the general comments of support for the draft scoping chapter.

3.2 TW explained the definitions of terminology for the technical appendices and non-technical ES chapter (see slides 12 and 13 of the presentation). An attendee from Somerset County Council supported the definitions and commented that it dealt with the problems correctly and avoided problems in the future.

3.3 TW explained (with reference to slide 16 of the presentation) that he will not be following the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) because some aspects of its approach do not reflect current planning policy (where heritage significance is a composite of different values), or are inappropriate for a project with different effects in different areas (e.g. Simple/Detailed assessment, in DMRB).

3.4 TW presented four tables that covered:

• Heritage Significance of Assets;

• Assessing the sensitivity of Setting;

• Assessment of Magnitude of Effect; and

• Determining the Significance of Effect. An attendee from Somerset County Council queried whether the “sensitivity of setting” table should include a very high category. TW explained that he felt the inclusion of a very high category was not necessary, but this could be revisited.

3.5 An attendee from Somerset County Council commented that assessed effects (moderate, major adverse etc) should be qualified by whether this constitutes substantial/less than substantial harm, as required by NPPF. Linked to the above point, an attendee from South Gloucestershire Council asked whether this would be explained in the narrative. TW explained that the matter of whether the effects constituted substantial/less than substantial harm would be included in the narrative.

3.6 TW explained the best approach to determine the significance of Scheduled Monuments is to categorise them all as very high. TW explained that it was not useful to the aims of the assessment to break them up into high and very high categories, An attendee from Somerset County Council agreed with this approach.

3.7 TW set out the approach to non-designated assets that demonstrably are of equivalent significance to designated assets that was used in the COR, and requested that consultees suggest reasonable and proportionate methodology that would extend this approach across the 10km study area. TW queried whether bespoke searches of the HERs would be able to identify adequately specific defined types of non-designated assets of equivalent significance. An attendee from Somerset County Council commented that this would be impossible. Attendees agreed to supply data of non-designated assets of equivalent significance to designated assets. The same attendee also agreed to review the proposed route and advise on archaeological sites of equivalent significance to designated assets. An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council asked for clarification on the type of things TW was looking for. As examples, TW discussed the non-designated assets identified in the COR as possibly being of equivalent significance to designated assets, and compared these to EH guidance on designation. TW also noted the difference between ‘possibly’ of equivalent significance, described in the COR, and ‘demonstrably’ of equivalent significance, as defined in planning policy.

3.8 Linked to the above point, an attendee from Somerset County Council commented that the distance between the proposed pylons and non-designated assets of equivalent significance to designated assets is not the only factor when assessing magnitude of effect; other aspects of the setting are important. The attendee gave the example that the pylons would be seen against the back drop of Crook Peak from all points across the Somerset Levels. CC advised that it would not be the case that across the Somerset Levels you will always be able to see the pylons. The attendee from Somerset County Council suggested that the best approach would be for local authorities to identify which points on the route (or just off the route) are likely to be affected. An attendee from English Heritage, asked whether National Grid had asked English Heritage for sites that they think are of designatable status? TW replied that he had not; arrangements were made to do so.

3.9 TW explained the approach to possibly designatable buildings. An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council commented that English Heritage had rejected a recent request to list Knowle Hall. TW noted this comment.

3.10 TW talked about the topic of study areas. An attendee from English Heritage suggested that Historic Environment Record Officers should undertake a search for Registered Parks & Gardens within 10km of the draft route. An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council suggested that the Avon Gardens Trust may be able to assist in this process. TW noted this comment. An action was agreed that attendees would pass the GIS shape file of the route to the Historic Environment Record Officer(s) to establish if there are any Registered Parks & Gardens (RPG’s) within 10km of the proposed route. It was also agreed that the zone of search for archaeological areas and buildings demonstrably of equivalent significance to designated assets would extend to 2km either side of the proposed route. CC explained that for the purposes of the DCO, National Grid would be applying for a tolerance of up to 30m either side of the overhead line centre line for siting pylons.

3.11 An attendee from Somerset County Council raised the potential for impacts on Crandon Bridge where there is evidence of a Roman Port. RW noted this comment.

3.12 An attendee from English Heritage asked whether TW had considered guidance such as “Seeing the History in the View”. TW and RW agreed to take this suggestion away and consider it.

3.13 A discussion about field assessment in areas where pylons and access roads are proposed took place. An attendee from Somerset County Council commented that they did not support the use of Strip, Map and Sample methodology for field assessment and mitigation during the construction phase.

3.14 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council queried how large the area to be stripped would be? RW explained that striping would take place at the foundation points of pylons, temporary laydown areas and at access points/tracks.

3.15 In response, the attendee from Somerset County Council commented that a strip map approach would have no archaeological validity as the assemblage would be too small. The attendee also commented that Strip, Map and Sample would not enable National Grid to understand the significance of sites that may be affected. In response TW asked what alternatives would be considered suitable. The attendee from Somerset County Council suggested geophysical survey/trenching in areas of high potential. This is the same approach adopted by wind farms and solar panel farms. The attendee from South Gloucestershire Council suggested that the solution to the problem was for local authorities to provide an indication sooner rather than later of any areas of greater potential for archaeology RW asked that the attendee from Somerset County Council to submit in writing their suggested

approach for assessing buried archaeology to National Grid.

3.16 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council asked for more information on the foundations to help attendees understand the impacts of the proposals. TW presented a slide illustrating the typical foundations required for a steel lattice pylon.

3.17 TW spoke about paleo-archaecology and geoarchaeology (see slide 30). An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council suggested that Vanessa Straker at English Heritage should be consulted on borehole logs. In addition, the contactor undertaking the boreholes should contact Vanessa Straker. TW agreed to ask VS whether she had any unpublished information regarding the geoarchaeology of the route. An action was agreed that the attendee from Somerset County Council would contact Richard Brunning about borehole logs.

3.18 TW talked through the draft specification for field assessment. Feedback was requested within 7 days of receiving the specification, which will be issued on 22

nd February 2013.

3.19 TW explained that he will ask the contractor to send a 1 page report at the end of each week to himself. This will be issued to attendees on the following Monday. RW asked if this weekly dialogue approach seemed sensible. Attendees welcomed the proposed approach and agreed that it was sensible.

3.20 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council queried whether one contractor would be used for the whole route? TW replied that one contractor would be used, if possible given the programme constraints.

3.21 TW spoke about cumulative impacts. CC explained that the cumulative impacts of the scheme will be assessed as part of the EIA and that this will be presented in the ES. In accordance with the PINS Advice Note 9 other major developments will need to be considered in assessing cumulative effects including:

• those under construction;

• permitted but not yet implemented;

• submitted but not yet determined;

• projects on the PINS programme of projects; and

• those identified in development plans and other plans which are reasonably likely to come forward.

CC explained that the developments to be considered in the Cumulative assessment were still being determined but would be discussed and agreed with LPAs as part of the ongoing development for the scheme and the EIA.

3.22 TW displayed a slide (slide 37) showing the outline programme. TW highlighted two potential risks: 1) completing all Desk Based Assessment tasks required before trial trenching; and (2) feasibility of doing trial trenching before PEIR (Preliminary Environmental Information Report). TW described the additional human resources that are available to complete DBA on programme. CC advised that the level of information presented in PEI Reports to PINS have varied significantly. National Grid will not be producing a full ES for the PEIR but will present as much information as is available at the time which has been compiled by the applicant prior to the consultation process and is reasonably required to assess the environmental effects of the development (and any associated development). CC advised that the National Grid PEIR might not include the results of the trail trenching but that these would be included within the ES which accompanies the DCO application.

3.23 An attendee from Somerset County Council asked when attendees would see the final Scoping Report? CC advised that National Grid will provide a copy of the Scoping Report to attendees at the same time it is submitted to PINS.

3.24 An attendee from Sedgemoor District Council asked whether the archaeological works will require planning permission? An attendee from Somerset County Council responded that it would not.

3.25 An attendee from Somerset County Council welcomed TW’s proposal to require black and white film records as well as digital.

3.26 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council commented that the findings of excavations would need to be sent to the two local museums – Bristol and Somerset. The contractor will need to be aware of the boundaries of each museum’s coverage. The attendee from SCC also noted that the contractor would need to abide by the Somerset County Council Heritage Service Archaeological Handbook in all respects, drawing attention to the need to obtain site codes in advance of works, and the need for contingency in the rare occasion that scientific analysis etc. may be required. TW noted this comment.

3.27 An attendee from South Gloucestershire Council asked whether TW was asking the archaeologist to look at historic buildings. TW explained that he would ask the field reconnaissance surveyors to consider historic landscape and the effect on the settings of listed buildings while carrying out a suite of observations along the route, but that this was ancillary to the principal tasks of archaeological field reconnaissance. TW confirmed that archaeologists would not be used to carry out setting analysis of Listed Buildings.

4.0 Items for Next Meeting and AOB

4.1 Attendees did not raise any items for the next meeting or any other business.

5.0 Date of Next Meeting(s)

5.1 • Wednesday 20th March 2013.

• Wednesday 20th April 2013.

• Wednesday 22nd

May 2013


APPENDIX E – CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMITY

Technical Certificate 05R110 issued by Hursley EMC Services Ltd

Appointed by the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry

as a UK EMC Competent Body _________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________ Hursley EMC Services Ltd Unit 16, Brickfield Lane, Eastleigh Hampshire, SO53 4DP, UK Tel: 44-(0)2380 271111, Fax: 271144 e-mail: [email protected]

Issue Date: 17th March 2005

TECHNICAL CERTIFICATE

PRODUCT TITLE: NGT Electricity Transmission Network

MANUFACTURED BY: National Grid Transco (NGT) plc Manufacturers Address: NGT House, Warwick Technology Park, Gallows Hill,

Warwick CV34 6DA UK Applicants Name: Mr Jon Carlton, of NGT plc. Product Description: The NGT Electricity Transmission Network (consisting of some 14,000 Km of high voltage supply lines) is the high voltage electricity transmission system in England and Wales. Technical Statement: The Technical Construction File (TCF), “NGT Electricity Transmission Network” (dated 2005), describes the general construction, conformity procedures and EMC test rationale for the Electricity Network. This Technical Construction File, in so far as is technically viable, is based on testing to international standards, specifically EN50121-2:2000 and CISPR 18 for emissions. These standards were used as the most suitable guide for the emissions testing in lieu of any other practical or harmonized product related standards. Given the size of the equipment, testing was performed in-situ at several representative sites and is therefore an approximation to the standards. The results of the tests applied and described in the test reports along with the EMC detail supplied in the TCF indicate that the product complies with the standards. Taking into consideration the technical rationale provided in the TCF and the results of the site measurement reports, Hursley EMC Services is satisfied the TCF does demonstrate compliance with the essential protection requirement of EC Directive 89/336. NGT operates a certified ISO 9001 quality management system covering both the operation and installation procedures for the Electricity Network. Due to its size and nature along with quality procedures used for installations the NGT Electricity Transmission Network would seem inherently immune to normal EMC phenomena. This route to compliance with respect to the provisions of EC Directive 89/336 is in accordance with section 42(c) of the UK Statutory Instrument 1992 No 2372 (The Electromagnetic Compatibility Regulations). This application and certificate applies only to the NGT Electricity Transmission Network for the UK as described in the Technical Construction File.

COMPETENT BODY CONFORMITY STATEMENT Hursley EMC Services Ltd. certifies that the National Grid Transco plc TCF demonstrates that the NGT Electricity Transmission Network conforms to the protection requirements of European Council Directive 89/336 and its amendments. This directive is on the approximation laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility.

Signed: Approved:

Rob St John James Ian Kenney EMC Technical Manager EMC Quality Manager

environmental impact assessment scoping report...cables for the connection. cable sealing end (cse)...

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