enterprise systems modeling egn 5620 enterprise systems configuration spring, 2012
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Enterprise Systems Enterprise Systems ModelingModeling
EGN 5620 Enterprise Systems ConfigurationEGN 5620 Enterprise Systems ConfigurationSpring, 2012Spring, 2012
Enterprise Systems ModelingEnterprise Systems Modeling
Systems Modeling: Systems Modeling: Concepts and ToolsConcepts and Tools
EGN 5620 Enterprise Systems Configuration
Information systems modeling Information systems modeling toolstoolsIDEF
◦IDEF0 (activities)◦IDEF1x (information)◦IDEF2x (dynamics)
OMT◦Functional model◦Object model◦Dynamic model
IDEF Concept (1)IDEF Concept (1)IDEF (ICAM Definition)
◦Developed by the US Air Force Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) Programs in 1981
ICAM Objective◦To develop structured methods for applying
computer technology to manufacturing and to better understand how best to improve manufacturing productivity
IDEF Concept (2)IDEF Concept (2)IDEF0
◦An activity model of a manufacturing system and environment
IDEF1◦An informational model of the system and
environment
IDEF2◦A dynamic model to describe time-varying
system behavior
IDEF Concept (3)IDEF Concept (3)IDEF Methodology
◦Modeling process and tools, leading to creation of the three IDEF models IDEF0 (activities) IDEF1x (information) IDEF2x (dynamics)
Commercial IDEF software tools◦Design/IDEF by Meta Software Company◦AI0WIN by Knowledge Based Systems Inc.
OMT Concepts (1)OMT Concepts (1)Object modeling technique (OMT)“Object-oriented” means:
◦ Software organized as a collection of discrete objects that incorporate both data structure and behavior, in contrast to conventional programming in which data structure and behavior are only loosely connected.
OMT Methodology (in stages): ◦ system analysis, ◦ system design, ◦ Object (implementation) design, and ◦ implementation.
OMT concepts (2) OMT concepts (2) - common themes - common themes Synergy (i.e., shifting focus from coding technique to packaging, based on consistent
◦ identity, ◦ classification, ◦ polymorphism, and ◦ inheritance
Abstraction, Encapsulation, Combining data and behavior, Sharing (inheritance of data structure & behavior among subclasses)
Emphasis on object structure (not procedure structure),
OMT Concepts (3)OMT Concepts (3)- Synergy- Synergy
Identity◦ Data is quantized into discrete, distinguishable entities
called objectsClassification
◦ Objects with the same data structure (attributes) and behavior (operations) are grouped into a class An operation is an action or transformation that an object
performs or is subject to.polymorphism
◦ The same operation may behave differently on different classes. A specific implementation of an operation by a certain class is
called a method. Each operation may have multiple methods implementing it.
inheritance◦ The sharing of attributes and operations among a hierarchy of
object classes
OMT Models (4)OMT Models (4)3 OMT models used to describe a system:
◦Object model describing the objects in the system and their
relationships; ◦Dynamic model
describing the interactions among objects in the system; and
◦Functional model describing the data transformation of the system.
Their relationship◦ The object model describes what changes (or
transforms) before when (dynamic model) or how (functional model) it changes.
OMT Functional Model (5) OMT Functional Model (5)
It describes the data value transformations within a system.
The functional model contains data flow diagrams. ◦A data flow diagram is a graph whose nodes
are processes (activities) and whose arcs are data flows.
OMT Object Model (6) OMT Object Model (6)
It describes the static structure of the objects in a system and their relationships.
The object model contains object diagrams. ◦An object diagram is a graph whose nodes are
object classes and whose arcs are relationships among classes.
OMT Dynamic Model (7) OMT Dynamic Model (7)
It describes the aspects of a system that change over time and is used to specify and implement the control aspects of a system.
The dynamic model contains state diagrams. ◦A state diagram is a graph whose nodes are
states and whose arcs are transitions between states caused by events.
Relationship between the two Relationship between the two techniques & among the three modelstechniques & among the three models IDEF0/functional model
◦ The input to an activity is usually through a user interface for data entry◦ The output from an activity is usually a user interface for a report,
though the output may be a write/update to a database. IDEF0’s◦ ICOM
Material is an input object. Product/process data are output objects. Rules/regulations and SOPs are constraints. Technical precedence is a
constraint Resources/tools and methods are a mechanism.
IDEF1/object model◦ The collection of the ICOM of an IDEF activity model constitutes an
inclusive foundation for the object model. IDEF2/dynamics model
◦ Each object requires a state diagram to define/govern its life-cycle behavior.
◦ A triggering event is associated with each transition from one state to another. One state may transform to multiple states, depending on the triggering event.
SAPSAPSystem Modeling DesignSystem Modeling Design
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SAP R/3SAP R/3Enables a company to link it’s business
processesTies together disparate business
functions (integrated business solution)Helps the organization run smoothlyReal-time environmentScalable and flexible
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ArchitectureArchitecture Central relational database
◦Oracle, Informix, Microsoft SQL, etc.Client/Server – three-tieredERP Components – Oriented towards common
identifiable business modules: ◦MM, SD, PP, FI, CO, HR, WM, QM, PM
Add-ons: ◦Customer Relationship Mgmt (CRM)◦Supply Chain Mgmt (SCM)◦Product Lifecycle Mgmt (PLM) ◦Business Intelligence (BI)
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Relational Database Relational Database Tables: Defines and links a couple of tens
thousands of tables of information (25,000+)
Advantages◦Consistent and accurate data◦Common definitions for terms◦Shared, but restricted usage (e.g., profiles) ◦Eliminates data redundancy
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Client/Server Environment Client/Server Environment
Client◦Software/hardware combination that can
make a request for services from a central repository of resources
Server◦Software/hardware combination that can
provide services to a group of clients in a controlled environment
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Three-Tier SAP StructureThree-Tier SAP StructureGUI – Graphical User Interface or Web
InterfaceApplication server (one or many)Database server (one single location)
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SAP Enterprise System
Database
Application
Presentation
Browser ClientPCs, Laptops, etc.
Network
Application Servers
Database
Internet Transaction Server
Web Server
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R/3
FIFinancialAccounting
COControlling
PSProjectSystemWF
Workflow
ISIndustrySolutions
MMMaterials Mgmt.
HRHumanResources
SDSales and Distribution
PPProductionPlanning
QMQualityMgmt. PM
Plant Maintenance
SMServiceMgmt.
Client / ServerIntegrated BusinessSolution
ECEnterpriseControlling
AMFixed AssetsMgmt.
SAP ERP Modules
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Business ModulesBusiness ModulesCollections of logically related
transactions within identifiable business functions◦MM (“Buy”)◦PP (“Make”)◦SD (“Sell”)◦FI and CO (“Track”)◦HCM (“People”)
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SAP R/3 Basics SAP R/3 Basics Instance – each install of the SAP R/3
software on an individual application server
Configurable – each instance can be distinctively configured to fit the needs and desires of the customer (within limits)
Most of the infrastructure decisions, including configuration decisions, occur during project implementation
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ConfigurationConfiguration
The process of tailoring SAP software by selecting specific functionality from a list of those supported by the software, very much like setting defaults (e.g., Word, Access)
DOES NOT involve changes to the underlying software code
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Programming Code Modifications Programming Code Modifications
Changes to the delivered code
ABAP/4 – Advanced Business Application Programming (ABAP)
This should be done sparingly and carefully as it can make migration to new versions of the software much more difficult
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SAP R/3 Document Principle SAP R/3 Document Principle
Each business transaction that writes data to the database creates a uniquely numbered electronic document
Each document contains information such as◦Responsible person◦Date and time of the transaction◦Commercial content
Once created, a document can not be deleted from the database
SAP SAP Business ProcessesBusiness Processes
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Components of Materials Components of Materials ManagementManagement
MaterialsManagement(MM)
LogisticsInvoiceVerification
MaterialMaster
PhysicalInventory
Valuation
MRP
ServiceEntrySheet
ServiceMaster
ProductCatalog
Purchasing
InventoryMgmt.
ForeignTrade/Customs
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Integration
Procurement Process (Procure-to-Pay)
Purchase Requisition
Paymentto Vendor
Notify Vendor
VendorShipment
InvoiceReceipt
GoodsReceipt
Purchase Order
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Components of Sales and Components of Sales and DistributionDistribution
Sales andDistribution(SD)
SalesSupport
Sales
CreditMgmt.
ShippingTransport
Billing
ForeignTrade
SalesInformationSystem
MasterData
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Sales Order Process(Order-to-Cash)
Integration
Sales OrderEntry
Post Goods Issue
Invoice Customer
Pick Materials
Receipt ofCustomer Payment
Pack Materials
Check Availability
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Components of Production PlanningComponents of Production Planning
ProductionPlanning
(PP)
ProductionPlanning
SOP
CapacityPlanning
MRP
ProductCost
Planning
RepetitiveMfg.
ProductionControl
KANBANMasterData
DRP
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Scheduleand Release
Shop FloorDocuments
Goods Receipt
Order Settlement
GoodsIssue
ProductionProposal
(Planning/Other)
CompletionConfirmation
Capacity Planning
Production Process (Make-to-Stock)
SAP SAP Business Processes IntegrationBusiness Processes Integration
(Overview)(Overview)
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Functional Areas – Where and Functional Areas – Where and WhenWhen
Business Process Integration I◦Materials Management (MM)◦Sales and Distribution (SD)
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Business Process Integration (I)Business Process Integration (I)
FI
MM
SD
Org
Dat
a
Rules
FI
MM
SD
Master D
ataFI
MM
SD
SDMM
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Organizational DataOrganizational Data
A hierarchy in which the organizational units in an enterprise are arranged according to tasks and functions
Are static data and are rarely changed The definition of organization units is a
fundamental step, it is a critical factor in how the company will be structured
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Master Data Master Data
Master data is relatively fixed◦Material master data◦Vendor master data◦Purchasing information record◦General Ledger master data
Before making the master data configurations, you must have completely defined the organizational structures
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RulesRules
Defines the parameters for Master Data and Transactions
Determines functionality for Master Data and Transactions
Relatively fixedChanges as policy changes
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Transaction DataTransaction Data
Includes internal and external exchanges that describe business activities
Unlike master data, aggregate transactional data is dynamic – each transaction is unique
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Functional Areas – Where and Functional Areas – Where and WhenWhen
Business Process Integration II◦Materials Management (MM)◦Production Planning (PP)◦Sales and Distribution (SD)
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Business Process Integration (II)Business Process Integration (II)
MM
PP
SD
Org
Dat
a
Rules
MM
PP
SD
Master D
ata
MM
PP
SD
SDMM
FI
FI
FI
PP
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Learning ApproachesLearning Approaches◦Cross business functions◦Understand business processes and their relationships to SAP's organizational structure
◦Highlight integration/configuration!!
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Learning by Creating a Model Learning by Creating a Model BusinessBusinessUnderstanding business processes and
their integrative natureUnderstanding SAP organizational
structuresCombining business processes and SAP
organizational structure (i.e., configuration)
Test the newly configured systemView system outputs - statistics, reports,
and graphics
PEN, Inc. PEN, Inc. System Modeling DesignSystem Modeling Design
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Pen Inc.Pen Inc.Start-up company in the promotional pen
businessInitially buys and re-sells different lines of
promotion pensSells to both wholesale and retail –
procure and distributeLater acquires a production facility to
manufacture its own product – produce and distribute
Enterprise StructureEnterprise Structure
PlantPlant
ClientClient
Chart of Chart of AccountsAccounts
CompanyCompanyCodeCode
Fiscal YearFiscal YearVariantVariant
Credit ControlCredit ControlAreaArea
PurchasingPurchasingOrganizationOrganization
Purchasing Purchasing GroupGroup
Shipping Shipping PointPoint
SalesSalesOrganizationOrganization
Distribution Distribution ChannelChannel
DivisionDivision
Sales AreaSales Area
Controlling Controlling AreaArea
SL10SL10 SL20SL20
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Pen Incorporated Pen Incorporated Procure for Sales OrderProcure for Sales Order
Pre-Sales Activity
Sales OrderDelivery Billing
General Ledger Accounts
Purchase Requisition
Purchase Order
Goods Receipt
In Inventory
Plant or Warehouse
Invoice Receipt
Availability Check
NO
YES
Goods to Delivery
Goods from Purchase Order
InventoryPostings
AccountsReceivable
AccountsPayable
Pen Inc. Business Module I for Selling Trading products
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Pen Inc. Business Module II for Pen Inc. Business Module II for Selling Finished Goods by ProductionSelling Finished Goods by Production
Pre-Sales Activity
Sales Order
Delivery Billing
Planned Order
Production Order
Completion Confirmation
In Inventory
Plant or Warehouse
Availability Check
NO
YES
Goods Issued to Delivery
Goods from Production Order
General Ledger Accounts
InventoryPostings
AccountsReceivable
AccountsPayable
Issue Goods to Production
Order
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Pen Inc. Business Module II for Pen Inc. Business Module II for Selling Finished Goods by ProductionSelling Finished Goods by Production
Pre-Sales Activity
Sales Order
Delivery Billing
Planned Order
Production Order
Completion Confirmation
In Inventory
Plant or Warehouse
Availability Check
NO
YES
Goods Issued to Delivery
Goods from Production Order
General Ledger Accounts
InventoryPostings
AccountsReceivable
Issue Goods to Production
Order
Purchase Requisition
Purchase Order
Goods Receipt
Invoice Receipt
AccountsPayable
NO
NO
Exercises:Exercises:
21. Create company code22. Create chart of accounts23. Assign company code to chart of accounts24. Assign company code to fiscal variant25. Create Credit control area26. Assign company code to credit control area27. Assign permitted credit control areas to
company code 29. Define plant30. Define storage locations (inventory and quality)31. Define purchasing organization32. Create purchasing group
Exercises:Exercises:33. Assign plant to company34. Assign purchasing org. to company code35. Assign purchasing org. to plant36. Set up parameter ID37. Create Account groups38. Define retained earnings account39. Review field status variant40. Assign company code to field status variant41-57 Create 17 general ledger accounts58. Run general ledger list of accounts reports
Homework due date: 1/30/2012