Enterprise Systems Enterprise Systems ArchitecturesArchitectures

EGN 5621 Enterprise Systems CollaborationEGN 5621 Enterprise Systems Collaboration(Professional MSEM)(Professional MSEM)

Fall, 2012 Fall, 2012

System architecture, Def.System architecture, Def.

◦ A scheme by which the functional elements of the system are arranged into physical/logical blocks and by which the blocks interact.

Three major enterprise (information Three major enterprise (information reference) architecturesreference) architectures

Generalized enterprise reference architecture (GERA)

Purdue enterprise reference architecture (PERA)

Enterprise architecture framework◦By John Zackman

GERA GERA - - Three scoping/modeling dimensionsThree scoping/modeling dimensions

Life-cycle dimension◦Provides for the controlled modeling process of

enterprise entity according to its life cycleGeneric-ity dimension

◦Provides for the controlled particularization (instantiation) process from generic (or partial) to particular.

View dimension◦Provides for the controlled visualization of

specific views of the enterprise entity

GERA GERA - - Enterprise life-cycle phases (1)Enterprise life-cycle phases (1)

Identification◦ (A set of activities that) identifies the contents of the

enterprise in terms of the nature of its existence, its need and the need for changes.

Concept◦ (A set of activities for) developing the concepts of the

underlying enterprise, including the definition of its mission, vision, values, strategies, objectives, operational concepts, policies, and business plans.

Requirements◦ (A set of activities for) developing descriptions of

operational requirements of the enterprise, its relevant processes, and the collection of all their functional, behavioral, information and capacity needs for both production and mgt, whether by humans or machinery.

GERA GERA - - Enterprise life-cycle phases (2)Enterprise life-cycle phases (2)

Design◦ (A set of activities that) support the specification of the enterprise

with all of its components that satisfy the enterprise requirements. They include the design of all human tasks, all machine tasks, and operational processes (including identification of necessary information and resources for mfg. information, communication, control and other processing technology)

◦ Sub-phases: preliminary (architectural) design and detailed design Implementation

◦ (A set of activities that) define all tasks that must be carried out to build or re-build (manifest) the enterprise. This comprises implementation in the broadest sense, covering Commissioning, purchasing, re-configuring, or developing all

software and hardware resources for services, mfg. and control. Hiring and training personnel, and developing or changing the

human organization. Component testing and validation, system integration,

validation, and testing, and releasing into operation

GERA GERA - - Enterprise life-cycle phases (3)Enterprise life-cycle phases (3) Operation

◦ The activities of the enterprise that are needed during its operation for producing the customers products and service which is its special mission , along with all those tasks needed for monitoring, controlling, and evaluating the operation.

◦ Thus the resources of the enterprise are managed and controlled so as to carry out the processes necessary for the entity to fulfill its mission

◦ Deviations from goals and objectives or any feedback from the environment may lead to requests for change, which includes enterprise re-engineering, continuous improvements of its human and technology resources, its business process, and its organization.

Decommission◦ The activities needed for disbanding, re-missioning, re-training,

redesign, recycling, preservation, transfer, disassembly, or disposal of all or part of the entity at the end of its useful life in operation.

GERA GERA - - Enterprise’s entity types (4)Enterprise’s entity types (4) Type A – strategic management entity

◦ such as an (enterprise) engineering project◦Very short life cycle

Type B – engineering implementation entity◦Entity that creates other enterprise entities

Type C – enterprise entity◦Entity that produces customers goods and services

Type D – product entity◦All products and customers services of enterprise

type C Type E – methodology entity

◦Entity that establishes tasks to support other entities.

GERA GERA - - viewsviews

Entity model contents views◦ Function (model of functions and behaviors of business processes)◦ Information (model)◦ Organization (of responsibilities and authorizations on entities)◦ Resource (model)

Entity purpose views◦ (Customer) service and product views (contents relevant to

operation and its results◦ Management and control views (contents relevant to mgt.)

Entity implementation views◦ Human activities view (of information related to human tasks)◦ Automated activities view (of information related to machine

tasks) Entity physical manifestation views

◦ Software view (information resources capable of performing a task set)

◦ Hardware view (physical resources capable of performing a task set)

PERA Layers (life cycle phases)PERA Layers (life cycle phases) Identification

◦ of the CIM business entity Concept layer

◦ mission, vision, and values Definition layer

◦ functional requirement Specification layers

◦ architectural design Detailed design layer Manifestation layer

◦ Implementation Operations layer

Row Perspective Constraint Model

1 Planner Financial/external Scope (an executive summary of system scope, cost, and how it would perform)

2 Owner Usage/policy Enterprise (business) model (business entities, processes and how they interact)

3 Designer (analyst) Structure/operation System model (data elements and functions that represent business entities and processes)

4 Builder Technology Technology model (adapting information model to the details of programming languages, tools, I/O devices, and others)

5 Subcontractor Implementation Out of context models (detailed specifications given to programmers who code modules)

Zachman’s Enterprise FrameworkZachman’s Enterprise Framework

  Data (with entity and relation)

Function (with function and parameter)

Network (with node and link)

Scope (planner) List of things important to the business (entity: class of business thing)

List of processes the business performs (function: class of business processes)

List of location in which the business operates (node: major business location)

Enterprise model (owner)

ENT/REL diagram (business entity, business constraint)

Process flow diagram (business process and resources)

Logistics network (business location, business linkage)

System model (designer)

Data model (data entity and data relationship)

Data flow diagram (application function and user view)

Distributed system architecture (I/S function, and line characteristics)

Technology model (builder)

Data design (segment/row; pointers/key)

Structure chart (computer function and screen/device format)

System architecture (hardware/system software, line specifications)

Components (subcontractor)

Data definition description (field and address)

Program (language statement and control block)

Network architecture (address, protocol)

Zachman’s Enterprise FrameworkZachman’s Enterprise Framework

  People (agent, work) Time (time, cycle) Motivation (ends, means)

Scope List of organizations/agents important to the business (major org. unit)

List of events significant to the business (major business event)

List of business goal/strategy (major bus. goal and critical success factor)

Enterprise model Organization chart (org. unit, work product)

Master schedule (business event and bus. cycle)

Business plan (business objective and bus. strategy)

System model Human interface architecture (role, deliverable)

Processing structure (system event and processing cycle)

Knowledge architecture (criterion, option)

Technology model Human/technology interface (user, job)

Control structure (execute, component cycle)

Knowledge design (condition and action)

Components Security architecture (identity, transaction)

Timing definition (interrupt and machine cycle)

Knowledge definition (sub condition, step)

Zachman’s Enterprise FrameworkZachman’s Enterprise Framework