energy from the sun and earth - edxubcx+climate101x+3… · · 2015-09-01reading review the...
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MODULE 3.1
Earth’s Energy Budget
Energy from the Sun and Earth
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Lesson Goal:
» Contrast the amount and type of energy emitted by objects at different temperatures, in particular, the Sun versus Earth.
Energy from the Sun and Earth
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What can we actually measure?
Taking the Sun’s temperature
T?
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Reading Review
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
Gamma Ray X-Ray Ultraviolet Visible Infrared Microwave Radio
MO
DIF
IED
FRO
M H
TTP:
//M
YN
ASA
DAT
A.L
ARC
.NA
SA.G
OV/
IMA
GES
/EM
_SPE
CTR
UM
3-N
EW.JP
G
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Which of these stoves is the hottest?
A B C
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Which of these stoves is emitting radiation with the LONGEST peak wavelength?
A B C
They are all emitting at the same peak wavelength
D
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Which of these stars is the hottest?
A B C
IMA
GE
CRE
DIT
S: N
ASA
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Where are the peak wavelengths for the different stars?
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
Gamma Ray X-Ray Ultraviolet Visible Infrared Microwave Radio
MO
DIF
IED
FRO
M H
TTP:
//M
YN
ASA
DAT
A.L
ARC
.NA
SA.G
OV/
IMA
GES
/EM
_SPE
CTR
UM
3-N
EW.JP
G
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Emission Spectra for Sun and EarthIM
AG
ES: N
ASA
Radi
atio
n In
tens
ity SUN
EARTH
0.1 1 10 100Wavelength, �(microns)
Infrared VIS UV
… Wien s law … Tsun = 5800 K ~0.5 +m
)&% )$%
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Earth emits radiation with a peak wavelength of about 11.4 microns (µm).
A. ! 3.9 KelvinB. !15 KelvinC. ! 255 KelvinD. !273 KelvinE. 305 Kelvin
IMA
GE:
NA
SA
Using Wien’s Law, what’s Earth’s temperature?
Ȝm = 2897 / T
CHOOSE THE CLOSEST ANSWER.
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Stefan-Boltzmann’s law (very useful!)
����������������� F is the energy emitted, per unit time, per unit area, expressed in W/m2 [J/s*m2]
is a constant [5.67*10-8 W/m2K4]
T is the absolute temperature (K)
64 million W/m2240 W/m2
IMA
GES
: NA
SA
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Key Points
» The Sun gives off shortwave radiation with a peak wavelength in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
» The Earth gives off long wave radiation with a peak wavelength in the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
» The general relationships are that xHOTTER objects emit MORE radiation than cooler objects, and xHOTTER objects emit radiation at SHORTER wavelengths than cooler objects
» COMING UP: These differences between radiation from the Sun and radiation from Earth are crucial to understanding the greenhouse effect.