Ending the “War to End All Wars”

…and setting the stage for WWII

“To the victor, go the spoils”

“He who wins the war writes the history”

A Plan for Peace: Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Outlined a plan for creating a “just and lasting peace”

Points 1-4: Ending secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, and reducing national armies and navies

Point 5: Adjustment of colonial claims with fairness toward colonial peoples

Point 6-13: Specific suggestions for changing borders and creating new nations

Point 14: Proposed a “general association of nations” that would protect “great and small states alike”

League of Nations

The League’s member nations would help preserve peace and prevent future wars by pledging to respect and protect each other’s territory and political independence.

Talk it out insteadof fighting it out

Paris Peace Conference

The Big Four

Woodrow Wilson Vittorio Orlando

David Lloyd George Georges Clemenceau

Where’s Russia?

The Treaty of Versailles

We want our territories

back!

No! Their military is the REAL problem!

We should form a league of peace so this kind of thing doesn’t happen again!

We want Germany to pay

for what they did to Europe!

Bell Ringer

What was the goal of the Sedition Act and what was the Supreme Court Case that upheld it?

Effects of the War

How the Treaty Changes the World

The other Allied governments saw Wilson’s plan as too lenient towards the “aggressor” nations.

Losses for Germany: Officially blamed for the

war Stripped of its military Its territories were split up Were required to pay

“reparations” to the Allied countries to a total of…

“Reparations”

33 Billion

Dollars!

How vill all dis affect de Germans?

Effects for GermanyGermany experiences “hyper-inflation”: Inflation is the general rising of prices over time; hyper-inflation is an extreme increase in prices over a short period of time.

Children play with virtually

worthless German money

(reichsmarks)

When trouble rears its ugly head, people need…

American Reaction to the Treaty of Versailles

Senate must approve Treaty of Versailles for it to take effect

“Irreconcilables” : Senators that id not want the Treaty passed

Article X: required the US to help a League nation if it were attacked Would entangle the US in

European affairs Could take away

Congress’ war powers

American Reaction to the Treaty of Versailles

Senate adds amendments to keep their power Wilson ends up asking

the people to vote against the Treaty

Treaty isn’t ratified and America doesn’t join the League of Nations

America retreats into isolationism

Forging Peace

The Washington Disarmament Conference was held to discuss the limitation on weapons to be held by each country, in hopes of preventing future wars, but had no method of enforcement.

Kellogg-Briand Pact: Outlawed war; nice idea, not gonna happen.

Home Front Effects

Isolationism and Conflict

The Red Scare Cause: Bolshevik

Revolution and Russia’s retreat from WWI

The Red Scare: A fear of the rise of socialism, communism, and anarchists destroying the American way of life. Fearful of workers

revolutions (unions) and immigrants from undemocratic countries (South and Eastern Europe).

Xenophobia: An irrational or unreasoned fear of anything perceived to be foreign or strange.

The Palmer Raids (1919)

A group of Italian anarchists mail a series of letter bombs to prominent government officials, businessmen, and law enforcement officials

One detonated and damaged the home of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer

J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI

Palmer creates the Bureau of Investigation, General Intelligence Division Led by J. Edgar

HooverWould investigate the programs of radical groups and identify their members

The Palmer Raids (1919) November 7, 1919, (the

2nd anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution)

The Palmer Raids: A series of well-publicized and violent raids on suspected anarchists and socialist sympathizers by the Bureau of Investigation. Targeted the Union of

Russian Workers. Many arrested, few

actually deported (little to no evidence)

Postwar Labor Disputes Many laborers went on strike

following the end of WWI Deals under the WLB no longer

valid Sought better wages, better

conditions, and the ability to collectively bargain

Strikes were only mildly successful; fear of Communist revolution limited their success

Chicago Race Riots Causes of racial

tension: The Great Migration and the end of WWI

Cause of the Riots: A young African American was struck by a rock and died at an informally segregated beach. The riot lasted about a

week. During the riot, dozens died and hundreds were injured.

Red Summer of 1919: A wave of violence and riots that occurred during the summer following WWI.