endangered ecosystem-northern tanzania (eent) annual
TRANSCRIPT
Submission Date: 31 October 2018
Agreement Number: AID-621-A-15-00004
Activity Start Date and End Date:11 September 2015 to 10 September 2020
AOR Name: Bronwyn Llewellyn
This document was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development/Tanzania
Endangered Ecosystem-Northern Tanzania (EENT)
Annual Report
Project Year 3: October 2017 - September 2018
This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International
Development by The Nature Conservancy
Agreement: # AID-621-A-15-00004
The Nature Conservancy
P. O. Box 13265, Plot 16002, Mawalla Street, Arusha, Tanzania
Tel: +255 (0)767 404200
Contact:
Brenda Gail Bergman
Chief of Party
DISCLAIMER
This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United
States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of The
Nature Conservancy and its partners of the Northern Tanzania Rangeland Initiative (NTRI) and do
not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
Cover photo credit: Richard Hatfield
CONTENTS
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................... i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ ii
EENT Phase One, Year 3 Quarters 1-3 ............................................................................................ ii
EENT Phase Two, Year 3 Quarter 4 ................................................................................................. iv
Summary Table of Results to Date .......................................................................................................... v
PROJECT OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................ 1
Figure 1: EENT Phase II results framework ................................................................................. 3
ACHIEVEMENTS IN EENT PHASE ONE, YEAR 3, QUARTERS 1-3 ............................................. 4
Kiteto District and the Makame WMA ............................................................................................. 4
Monduli District and the Randilen WMA .......................................................................................... 7
Simanjiro District ................................................................................................................................. 12
Multiple Geographies .......................................................................................................................... 16
ACHIEVEMENTS IN EENT PHASE TWO, YEAR 3, QUARTER 4 .............................................. 20
Strategy One: Multi-stakeholder Engagement ............................................................................... 20
INTEGRATION OF CROSSCUTTING ISSUES AND FORWARD PRIORITIES ..................... 24
Gender, Equality, Women’s Empowerment, and Youth Engagement ..................................... 24
Local Capacity Development............................................................................................................. 25
Integration and collaboration ............................................................................................................ 26
Policy and Governance Support ....................................................................................................... 27
Sustainability .......................................................................................................................................... 27
Environmental Compliance ................................................................................................................ 28
Global Climate Change ....................................................................................................................... 28
Private Sector Engagement ................................................................................................................ 29
Science and Technology...................................................................................................................... 29
Stakeholder Participation and Involvement ................................................................................... 30
MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIE ISSUES ............................................................................ 30
MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND LEARNING ........................................................................ 31
SPECIAL EVENTS FOR NEXT QUARTER ........................................................................................ 34
HOW IMPLEMENTING PARTNR HAS ADDRESSED AOR COMMENTS FROM THE LAST
QUARTERLY REPORT ........................................................................................................................... 34
FINANCIAL SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 35
Annex I: Table of plans vs. achievements EENT Phase One, Year 3 (Quarters 1-3) ............... 36
Annex II: Success Story ............................................................................................................................ 55
i
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AA Authorized Association
CCIR Cross-cutting Intermediate Result
CCRO Certificate of Customary Right of Occupancy
COCOBA Community Conservation Bank
CT Carbon Tanzania
DCDO District Community Development Officer
DHO District Health Officer
DO Development Objective
EENT Endangered Ecosystem Northern Tanzania
HG Honeyguide
HWC Human Wildlife Conflict
KDU Anti-Poaching Unit
MEL Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MNRT Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism
MTC Mara Training Centre
NP National Park
NSPS National Sanitation Program Scheme
NTRI Northern Tanzania Rangelands Initiative
ODK Open Data Kit
PHE Population Health and Environment
PI Pathfinder International
RAS Regional Administrative Secretaries
REDD+ Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation +
RZMP Resource Zone Management Plan
SMART Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool
SOP Standard Operating Procedure
TANAPA Tanzania National Parks
TAWA Tanzania Wildlife Management Authority
TAWIRI Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute
TNC The Nature Conservancy
TPW Tanzania People & Wildlife
TZS Tanzania Shillings
UCRT Ujamaa Community Resource Team
USAID United States Agency for International Development
VCS Verified Carbon Standards
VGS Village Game Scout
WCS Wildlife Conservation Society
WMA Wildlife Management Area
WRLF Women’s Rights and Leadership Forum
ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Endangered Ecosystem Northern Tanzania (EENT) Project aims to secure an
ecologically and economically thriving landscape that supports both people and wildlife and is
resilient to future stress from climate change. The Project focuses on the Tarangire/Maasai
Steppe ecosystem in Northern Tanzania. Through EENT, USAID supports partners of the
Northern Tanzania Rangelands Initiative (NTRI) to improve coordination with one-another,
government, and other actors on the landscape while supporting select field-based activities
that provide models and learning for enhanced stewardship and protection of rangeland
resources. Ten NTRI partners include: Carbon Tanzania, Dorobo Fund, Honeyguide,
Maliasili, Oikos, Pathfinder International), Tanzania People & Wildlife (TPW), The Nature
Conservancy (TNC), Ujamaa Community Resource Team (UCRT), and Wildlife
Conservation Society (WCS). TNC provides a coordinating role of the NTRI platform.
The EENT project underwent a redesign in Y3 Quarters 2 and 3. USAID approved a new
design to commence at the beginning of Y3 Quarter 4. Under the second phase, EENT has a
new set of strategies and results framework (Figure I). Therefore, this Y3 Annual Report is
divided into two sections: one addressing Y3 Quarters 1-3 (project phase I), and one
addressing Y3 Quarter 4 (project phase II).
EENT Phase One, Year 3 Quarters 1-3 In Project Phase One, EENT focused implementation in three geographic areas. Key
achievements of Year 3 Quarters 1-3 are summarized by geographic area below.
Makame Wildlife Management Area (WMA) and Kiteto District
• The Kiteto District Council approved natural resource by-laws for five villages
• Hundreds of villagers, particularly women and youth, received training in civic
engagement, natural resource by-laws, communications and improved governance;
350 women completed a five-day Marketplace Literacy course.
• A draft business plan for the WMA indicates financial independence by 2022, with
carbon sales as the main income source. The WMA accountant and manager
received training and USAID provided essential equipment through EENT.
• The Makame Carbon (REDD+) Project Description was completed. This outlines
present and future scenarios and expected benefits for communities and
biodiversity, and will guide the carbon project over the next 30 years. Village Game
Scouts completed training required for carbon certification.
• NTRI partners facilitated finalization of the revised Makame Resource Zone
Management Plan. The Government approved and issued WMA user rights.
• Findings from the Makame camera trap report have elevated the WMA’s
conservation importance with respect to large mammals.
• 22 Community Conservation Banks (COCOBAs), engaged in group savings and
credit and 84 model bomas demonstrated population, health, and environment
practices.
iii
Randilen WMA and Monduli District
• The Tanzania Wildlife Authority approved the Randilen Resource Zone Management
Plan.
• NTRI partners and the WMA developed anti-poaching Standard Operating
Procedures for Village Game Scouts.
• Villagers received equipment and training in meat drying, leatherworking, and
beekeeping; Bawakimo Women’s Association received 25 beekeeping microgrants; a
leather goods sales point and workshop were established.
• Communities supported up to 50% of the cost of Human Wildlife Conflict Mitigation
toolkits.
• NTRI partners supported the Randilen WMA to develop its annual work plan.
• 500+ people engaged in learning and development of MoUs to manage and protect
cross-border grazing areas.
• 25 COCOBAs engaged in group savings and credit and 223 model bomas
demonstrated population, health, and environment practices.
Simanjiro District
• Villagers received equipment and training in meat drying and natural resource
management.
• Learning and negotiations advanced towards establishment of cross-village grazing
agreements.
• Indices of mammal abundance over the life of EENT, though variable, suggest
increasing numbers of several antelope species and giraffe in Loiborsiret and
Simanjiro plains.
• 27 COCOBAs engaged in group savings and credit and 85 model bomas
demonstrated population, health, and environment practices.
Multiple Districts on the Landscape
• The success of rangeland management initiatives in three villages of Babati and
Simanjiro helped to leverage funding for scaling up in additional villages.
• Villagers, including members of Women’s Rights and Leadership Forums (WRLF),
gained skills and awareness on natural resource management through a series of
trainings.
• Wet season mammal count results reaffirmed the importance of community lands to
the long-term sustainability of wildlife in the Tarangire ecosystem.
• The first extensive spoor count in Tarangire-West Kilimanjaro indicated the most
common large carnivores across the ecosystem are spotted hyaena, striped hyaena
and leopard. Lion are uncommon outside Tarangire National Park. Cheetah and wild
dog are rarely recorded.
• A land use map was developed to indicate pasture connectivity across northern
Tanzania.
• Additional vegetation surveys demonstrated higher levels of degradation in communal
access rangelands vs protected areas, and the inability of rangelands to recover
outside of protected areas since 2007.
• Soil microbial studies demonstrated that bare ground reduces bacterial and protist
richness but increases fungal richness; overgrazing and climate change can contribute
to this.
iv
EENT Phase Two, Year 3 Quarter 4 In Project Phase Two, EENT is focused on coordination and communication among actors in
the Northern Tanzania landscape. Key achievements of Year 3, Quarter 4 include:
• TNC organized a series of meetings and workshops in July and August 2018 to launch a
‘stakeholder forum on healthy connected rangelands for people and wildlife.’ The forum is
engaging nine districts where rangelands are important for pastoralists and wildlife
(Monduli, Simanjiro, Longido, Mbulu, Karatu, Kiteto, Ngorongoro, Arumeru, Babati),
Regional Administrative Secretaries of two regions, national government agencies, NTRI,
and other non-governmental partners working in Manyara and Arusha regions. Participants
agreed upon the goals, structure, and participants of the forum. Goals include to establish
a common vision for the balanced use of the rangelands and to advance toward this vision
by learning about and incorporating solutions into plans and policies. The forum includes
technical working groups for (a) multi‐village land use planning and community tenure, and
(b) rangeland management and restoration.
• TNC led a mapping exercise to identify actors working on projects related to the health
and connectivity of rangelands in Arusha and Manyara regions. This involved a series of
interviews with nongovernment and government actors as well as review of programs’
documentation. A draft report details major initiatives, the history of investment in
rangeland management development work in Northern Tanzania, and recommended
actions. Findings will be discussed at the November stakeholder forum session.
• NTRI partners, community members, WMA and rangeland staff completed fire and safe
burn training in Terrat and Randilen WMA.
• In June 2018, 29 participants from Monduli and Simanjiro completed a 4-day ‘boot camp’
to learn about holistic rangeland management at the Mara Training Centre; this was
followed by sensitization workshops in the communities of each village. Each village
selected two ‘grazing coordinators’ to oversee the program in their respective villages.
v
Summary Table of Results to Date
This table shows indicator results against targets for Y3 and Life of Project (LOP). Note that progress is reported against revised targets clarified in Annex II of
the Q3 Report.
Indicators
Y3
Annual
Target
Q1
Y3
Q2
Y3 Q3 Y3
Q4
Y3
Achievements
Y3
Percent
Achieved
Y3 (%)
Phase
One
LOP
Target
Phase One
LOP
Achievements
Phase One
LOP
Percent
Achieved
(%)
Number of institutions / committees /
associations showing improved
governance as a result of United States
Government (USG) assistance [EENT
custom]
32 27 27 84%1 32 27 84%
Number of land governance actors
receiving USG-funded training or
upgraded facilities/equipment [Standard
Indicator 4.7.4-6]
3,000 963 1,112 1,653 0 3,728 124%2
5,400
9,390
174%
1 The original Y3 target included 4 WMAs, 17 Village Councils, and 11 WRLF. The actual value reported in based on 2 WMAs and 25 village with demonstrated
project generated governance based outputs. 2 Many factors have contributed to under setting targets and consequent over achievement for training: (1) Initially, land governance actors or were not
included in targets for activities under Strategy Two and training hours where not included for activities under Strategy 1. (2) Based on high demand for
participation in their trainings, UCRT has consistently allowed more participants to attend than stated in work plans (3) Multiple trainings take place under the
same activity, whereas targets are mistakenly set based on the assumption of a single training event per group. Note that if a person attends more than one
different training event in a single year, the number of trainees reported equals the number of different events completed per person. An “event” is considered
to be a distinct training rather than one session among many in a single training event.
vi
Indicators
Y3
Annual
Target
Q1
Y3
Q2
Y3 Q3 Y3
Q4
Y3
Achievements
Y3
Percent
Achieved
Y3 (%)
Phase
One
LOP
Target
Phase One
LOP
Achievements
Phase One
LOP
Percent
Achieved
(%)
Number of integrated laws/policies,
strategies, plans, agreements or
regulations addressing climate change
and or biodiversity conservation
officially proposed, adopted or
implemented as a result of USG
assistance [Standard Indicator 4.8.2-28]
16 0 0 19 0 19 119% 30 43 143%
Number of policy reforms implemented
/ initiated due to informed use of data
and evidence as a result of USG
assistance [CCIR]
0 0 0 0 0 n/a 8 43
50%MEL
Number of Civil Society Organizations
(CSO) receiving USG assistance
engaged in advocacy [Standard Indicator
2.4.1-9]
5 5 5 0 -- 0 100% 5 5
100%
Number of hectares in areas of
biological significance and/or natural
resource showing improved biophysical
conditions as a result of USG assistance
[Standard Indicator 4.8.1-1]
n/a4 -- 60,0003 Not yet measured
3 4 key WMA policy priorities are being advocated 1. Tax WMAs on profit not revenue, 2. Allow WMAs to set their own tariffs and block fees, 3. Allow
flexible revenue distribution between villages, 4. Allow more flexible/longer contracts between hunting investors and WMAs 4 Proposed to be reported at the end of the Project (Y5), an estimated 15% of degraded land within target areas is expected to show some biophysical improvement. Generating a precise area target is challenging and may need to be adjusted based on what is detectable through remote sensing analysis. The total area under analysis will include designated conservation / rangeland areas of Makame and Randilen WMAs, Loonderekes, Kitwai A, Kitwai B, Terrat, Sukuro, Loiborsiret, Ngolei, Vilima Vitatu, Kakoi, Naitolia,, Mswakini, and Manyara Ranch.
vii
Indicators Species Y1
Wet
Y1
Dry
Y2
Wet
Y3
Dry
Y3
Wet LOP Target Phase One LOP Achievements
Index of abundance of
elephant, zebra, wildebeest,
giraffe, Grant’s gazelle and
impala [EENT custom]
Common
Zebra 1.83 3.57 3.43 6.11 2.56
Stable or
increasing
Vehicle ground count indices suggest stable or
increasing numbers, and no alarming declines. This is
corroborated by other surveys such as the 2016 dry-
season aerial survey and other local level wildlife data
Common
Wildebeest 1.67 2.21 2.62 3.33 1.83
Impala 0.60 1.57 1.20 1.75 1.55
Grant’s
gazelle 0.66 0.71 0.81 0.56 0.65
Savanna
Elephant 0.51 0.64 0.31 0.51 0.44
Maasai
Giraffe 0.26 0.31 0.28 0.28 0.36
Indicators
Y3
Annual
Target
Q1 Y3 Q2
Y3
Q3
Y3
Q4
Y3
Achievements
Y3
Percent
Achieved
Y3 (%)
Phase One
LOP
Target
Phase One LOP
Achievements
Phase One
LOP
Percent
Achieved
(%)
Number of patrol-hours [EENT
custom] 3,345 3,122 3,703 3809 -- 10,6345 317% 10,634 21,870 205%
Number of hectares of biological
significance and/or natural
resources under improved natural
resource management as a result of
USG assistance [Standard Indicator
4.8.1-26]
335,000 580,317 580,317 173%6
335,000
580,317 173%
5 Error in forecasting; significantly higher patrol effort in Randilen than forecast during target setting, and Manyara Ranch patrols not considered during target
setting though they were planned in the work plan activities 6 Target notes from Y3 were to report institutions and area with ongoing USG supported protection effort: Makame WMA and Carbon Area, Randilen,
Loiborsiret, Terrat & Sukuro as well as rangeland monitoring and management Loiborsoit, Narakauwo, Vilima Vitatu, Ngolei and Minjingu and 2 Monduli
villages (TBD). Overachievement due to addition of grazing areas with reciprocal grazing agreements and grazing calendars.
viii
Indicators
Y3
Annual
Target
Q1 Y3 Q2
Y3
Q3
Y3
Q4
Y3
Achievements
Y3
Percent
Achieved
Y3 (%)
Phase One
LOP
Target
Phase One LOP
Achievements
Phase One
LOP
Percent
Achieved
(%)
Number of person-hours of training
in natural resources management
and/or biodiversity conservation
supported by USG assistance
[Standard Indicator 4.8.1-29]
17,290 12,587 5,646 7,546 0 25,779 149%2 34,140 52,336 153%
Number of institutions /
committees / associations with
improved capacity in land and water
management [United States Agency
for International Development
(USAID) custom]
15 27 27 180%6 15 27 180%
Number of households adopting
human-wildlife conflict mitigation
measures [EENT custom]
820 148 91 165 -- 404 49%7 1,710 1,379 81%
Number of people with increased
economic benefits derived from
sustainable natural resource
management and conservation as a
result of USG assistance
(disaggregated by gender, age and
location) [Standard Indicator 4.8.1-
6, Economic Growth (EG).10.2-3]
27,000 15,043 15,043 56%8 27,000 15,043 56%
7 It is difficult to predict number of crop raiding incidents which is the basis for reporting number of households benefiting from crop-protection teams 8 Honey production under performed due to drought and Y3 harvest was not harvested in time to report on beneficiaries.
ix
Indicators
Y3
Annual
Target
Q1 Y3 Q2
Y3
Q3
Y3
Q4
Y3
Achievements
Y3
Percent
Achieved
Y3 (%)
Phase One
LOP
Target
Phase One LOP
Achievements
Phase One
LOP
Percent
Achieved
(%)
Number of model households that
have adopted positive PHE
behaviors [EENT custom]
300 84 124 158 -- 366 122% 500 585 117%
Output indicator 3b(i): Number of
community leaders and resource
persons promoting gender equity
and women and youth
empowerment within their spheres
of influence [USAID Custom]
60 -- -- 206 -- 2069 343% 100 317 317%
Annual revenue in US$ generated
from conservation enterprises in
targeted landscapes (disaggregated
by type) [USAID custom]
13,000 1,834 1,834 14%8 30,400 9,452 31%
Value of revenue collected and
distributed from payment of
ecosystem services [USAID
custom]
0 0 0 0 0 n/a
9 Based on meeting model household criteria related to gender equity
x
Indicators
Y3
Annual
Target
Q1 Y3 Q2
Y3
Q3
Y3
Q4
Y3
Achievements
Y3
Percent
Achieved
Y3 (%)
Phase One
LOP
Target
Phase One LOP
Achievements
Phase One
LOP
Percent
Achieved
(%)
Proportion of female participants in
USG-assisted programs designed to
increase access to productive
economic resources (assets, credit,
income or employment) [Standard
Indicator Gender (GNDR)-2]
4,635/
5,846
80%
3,459/4,217
82%
3,459/4,217
82%
72% of total
participants
103% of
female
proportion
4,635/5,846
80%
3,459/4,21710
82%
72%of total
participants
103% of
proportion
Number of institutions with
improved capacity to address
climate change issues as a result of
USG assistance [Standard Indicator
4.8.2-14, EG.11-2]
6 25 25 417%11 6 25 417%
Number of stakeholders with
increased capacity to adapt to the
impacts of climate variability and
change as a result of USG assistance
[Standard Indicator 4.8.2-26]
100 0 48 44 -- 9212 92% 100 92 92%
Number of people trained in
climate change adaptation
supported by USG assistance
[Standard Indicator 4.8.2-6, EG.11-
1]
0 0 0 0 -- 0 n/a 0 0 n/a
10 Includes leather tanning, beekeeping, COCOBA, micro-enterprise, as well as employment as VGS, HWC conflict officers, and rangeland monitors. Does not
include the 2,723 women who have completed Market Place Literacy training. 11 Targets set based on plans for specific climate adaptation strategies for 2 WMAs and 4 CCROs. This activity was cancelled. Revised indicator operational definition
used to report institutions with tangible outputs and processes in place that improve resilience to climate stresses 12 Meat drying training as a climate adaptation strategy to improve food security especially in response to droughts
1
PROJECT OVERVIEW The northern rangelands stretch across over three million hectares connecting the Serengeti ecosystem
to the west with the Amboseli ecosystem to the east. This Tarangire-Maasai Steppe ecosystem
boundary is loosely defined in accordance with the dispersal areas of migratory wildlife to and from dry
and wet season refuges. The landscape is connected to iconic lakes, national parks and conservation
areas, of which Tarangire and Manyara National Parks comprise only a fraction. There are six viable but
threatened wildlife corridors in this landscape, four of which are interconnected with community
Wildlife Management Areas and two associated with some of the 36 Certificates for Customary Rights
of Occupancy (CCROs), titled for communal grazing and traditional use.
The connectivity and health of the rangelands across this region is essential to wildlife and pastoralist
communities’ livestock as they move between wet and dry season ranges. The wildlife and livestock
supported by the northern Tanzania rangelands also underpin critical elements of the national and local
economy and rural communities’ livelihoods; included among these is the tourism industry and the
livestock sector. Sustaining ecological values and rural economies across these landscapes in an
integrated manner is critical to Tanzania’s economic future and to the conservation of some of the
world’s most significant remaining large mammal populations.
Threats - Habitat
Habitat degradation and fragmentation are leading threats to wildlife in northern Tanzania, notably as a
result of climate change, agricultural expansion and population growth (which is expected to double in
northern Tanzania within the next 25 years). Much of the land these animals depend on for food and
water is being used and undermined by pastoralists, migrating agro-pastoralists, and outside investors,
seeking economic gains through land use change (such as row-crop agriculture). Furthermore, analyses
show declines in vegetation productivity, and that where grasslands remain, they are becoming
unsuitable for both livestock and wild ungulates. This can largely be attributed to the pressure of
agriculture expansion, erosion, climate change, bush encroachment and the spread of other invasive
species. Restoration may be possible by strengthening and improving the current governance and natural
resource management systems.
Threats - coordination and communication among support organizations
Conservation and development organizations, government agencies, researchers, and private tourism
investors have long been addressing threats in the northern Tanzania landscape, but insufficient
coordination and communication between them have affected the potential for significant change on
issues that affect the health of rangelands and communities.
Challenges which arise from insufficient collaboration between organizations include: conveying different
messages to the same communities; collecting data on the same variables which is then not readily
comparable; duplication of work and products (e.g. training manuals); a lack of collaboration in tackling
common problems (this is especially true for those organizations with time and budget constraints); and
weak communication systems which lead to a lack of clarity in target communities and among
practitioners about various groups’ objectives, skills, activities, and expected outcomes. These challenges
are exacerbated by the fact that organizations receive funding from different sources, and often must
plan, implement, and monitor activities in a way that meets the unique requirements of their individual
donors. Also, the same organizations that would ideally cooperate on the landscape may compete for
the same, limited pool of funding. To be successful, such collaboration requires careful consideration of
whether and how individual actors will realize benefits that overcome such practical constraints.
2
Solutions
Strengthening the connectivity and ecological integrity of the northern rangelands is the key to
supporting wildlife and pastoralist communities in northern Tanzania and brings about a range of
economic and environmental values. Commercially and locally, livestock and tourism are the twin pillars
of northern Tanzania’s economy; locally, healthy rangelands provide livelihoods and resilience to climate
change in a way that aligns with pastoralist communities’ socio-cultural preferences. To realize healthy
and connected rangelands means:
• Securing land use planning and communal land rights in a coordinated way on the landscape
• Understanding and addressing drivers of habitat quality and fragmentation
• Improving systems for managed grazing
• Adding economic value to livestock and wildlife enterprises in a way that incentivizes sustainable land
use and promotes equitable benefits sharing.
Established and coordinated by TNC in 2012, The Northern Tanzania Rangelands Initiative (NTRI) -
together with partners Maliasili Initiatives, the Wildlife Conservation Society, Carbon Tanzania, Dorobo
Fund Tanzania, Honeyguide, Tanzania People & Wildlife (TPW) and Ujamaa Community Resource Team
(UCRT), Oikos and Pathfinder International - is continuing to strengthen means for collaboration, to
sustain key areas of northern Tanzania, at a scale commensurate with current threats. By collaborating
toward a common vision of resilience of the Northern Rangelands, NTRI partners’ collective outcomes
are greater than the sum of their individual outcomes. NTRI partners will continue advancing
mechanisms for cooperation among government and non-government actors in order to deepen
working relationships, move towards a shared vision for the landscape, promote joint planning, and
increase transparency regarding the nature and aims of ongoing initiatives.
In Tanzania, Regional Administrations can serve as a key link in vertical coordination among government
institutions, where Regional Administrative Secretaries (RAS) act as a bridge between Ministries and
districts. Meanwhile, engaging national-level groups can promote dialogue and solution-building regarding
how regional priorities can interface with and influence national level policy. Through coordinated
efforts, practitioners and local governments can help one-another to develop plans and policies that
address a range of issues affecting rangeland health and connectivity in a more holistic way.
Strategies of EENT Phases 1 and II
Phase 1 of EENT, which completed in Y3 Quarter 3, focused four interrelated strategies:
1. Improve local governance and transparency, focusing on Wildlife Management Areas and village
governance bodies,
2. Improve wildlife protection and land and habitat management in key corridors,
3. Increase and diversify income and improve health for local communities, notably women and
youth.
4. Increase resilience to climate change. Strategy four was integrated across the other four strategies, as enhancing climate change resilience and
adaptive capacity requires improved governance, wildlife and habitat management, diversified incomes,
and human health.
Phase II of EENT, which began in Y3 Quarter 4, advances two strategies that acknowledge the different
ways in which actors need to work together to realize common goals:
I. Multi stakeholder engagement;
2. Coordination of the NTRI partnership.
Through EENT, NTRI will enhance the framework for engagement with a broad set of stakeholders to
build synergy toward common goals that promote the health and connectivity of wildlife dispersal
3
routes, while advancing coordination and communication among current and future NTRI partners to
strengthen a platform for designing, monitoring, and scaling collaborative interventions that advance
healthy, connected rangelands across the northern Tanzania landscape.
Figure 1: EENT Phase II results framework
4
ACHIEVEMENTS IN EENT PHASE ONE, YEAR 3, QUARTERS 1-3
Progress under EENT Phase One is organized by geographic location to show how activities in
a given location inter-relate. Within each major geographic area, progress is reported by
strategies of EENT phase one project. A brief background text provides context for the activities reported on. A table summarizing Y3 work plan deliverables and outputs vs.
accomplishments is provided in Annex I.
Kiteto District and the Makame WMA EENT Phase I Strategy 1: Improve local governance and transparency
Makame Resource Zone Management Plan (RZMP)
A RZMP is legally required for WMAs to operate in Tanzania and is therefore necessary for community WMA
members to benefit from consumptive and non-consumptive wildlife and natural resource use. The RZMP’s
content provides an overview of resources available and zones for different types of allowable activities and land
use.
In Q2, the 2017-2022 RZMP was approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (MNRT)
the WMA was granted Natural Resource User Rights. The RZMP is a guiding document, prepared with
the WMA in collaboration with The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Honeyguide (HG), Ujamaa
Community Resource Team (UCRT), and Carbon Tanzania (CT). This RZMP and User Right provides
the legal basis for the WMA to engage with investors who will provide an economic incentive for
conservation in Makame, including Carbon Tanzania (CT) and hunting companies.
Building financial management capacity (to support the Makame REDD+ carbon project)
A Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) project is the primary mechanism by which
the Makame WMA plans to generate funds to sustain its operations and ensure communities realize benefits
from conservation. In May 2017, CT, the Makame Authorized Association, and the Kiteto District Executive
Director signed a 30-year contract as part of the Makame Maasailand Carbon Initiative.
In Q1, CT implemented financial training with WMA village representatives, members of the WMA
executive committee, and finance committee of the Makame Authorized Association, which focused on
processes and protocols for revenue dispersal from carbon credit sales. A procedure for receiving
carbon revenues was established, with clear steps for communicating the revenue available to
stakeholders within and outside the WMA. Honeyguide engaged accounting firm Mizani Ltd, to conduct
a two-day financial training to build the capacity of the Makame WMA accountant, using Quickbooks.
Natural Resource by-laws in five villages with land in the Makame WMA
Following approval of the revised Makame WMA RZMP, by-laws of the five villages that contribute to the
Makame WMA needed to be reviewed to support effective implementation of the new RZMP.
In Q2, UCRT facilitated a series of meetings with villagers, Kiteto District Council, Ndedo and Makame
wards, traditional leaders, and village general assemblies to review by-laws of five Makame villages in
order to support effective implementation of the revised RZMP. A total of 182 participants were
involved.
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On 8 June 2018, the full council of the Kiteto District approved the by-laws. Three key changes were
made:
1. A resolution to a disagreement over grazing land between Ndedo and Katikati villages
2. A clause to prohibit unlicensed felling of trees in Kiteto District
3. Clauses such as prohibiting use of alcohol during the day (which are not necessarily linked to
Natural Resources Management (NRM)) were also introduced.
Ward Councillors expressed gratitude to UCRT and requested that they support other villages to
develop by-laws.
Business plan for Makame WMA
The Makame WMA business plan incorporates all possible revenue streams, with a five-year forecast that
includes various risk assumptions and expected expenses for operating the WMA.
NTRI partners and the WMA finalized a draft business plan for the Makame WMA in Q3. Honeyguide
developed the financial content and analysis shows that the WMA will be financially independent by
2022, with carbon sales and tourism hunting expected as the main sources of income. Estimated gross
annual income is 972 million shillings. The budget breakdown includes 58% for WMA protection; 21%
WMA management; 11% governance and 10% for capital investment fund.
Communications and equipment for the Makame WMA office to manage resources
A functional communications network is a major asset for a WMA to operate effectively and communicate with
partners, investors and donors, manage day-to-day WMA management functions, and manage wildlife and
habitat protection within the WMA.
In Q3, EENT, through Honeyguide, supported the Makame WMA to receive equipment and supplies
necessary for communications and operations. These include a solar power system, phones, laptops,
radio calls, solar charging stations, office furniture, radio repeater system, printer, Village Game Scout
(VGS) uniforms and boots, tents, ranger post uniports (equipped with sleeping and cooking facilities),
and an internet satellite dish. The WMA board chairman expressed deep gratitude to USAID.
EENT Phase I Strategy 2: Improve wildlife protection and land and habitat management in
key corridors
Wildlife and habitat monitoring by Makame Village Game Scouts (VGSs)
Effective monitoring of wildlife and habitat is central to a functional WMA, and is required for the WMA to
participate in the REDD+ project.
EENT partners CT, WCS, and Honeyguide worked closely with the WMA to introduce establish a basic
monitoring program. CT collaborated with WCS to ensure that VGSs correctly implement the mammal
count methodology and that transects followed in Makame WMA are the same as those conducted by
TAWIRI/WCS vehicle ground-counts. In Q2, Carbon Tanzania implemented training of six VGS on the
use of the SMART software for logging wildlife data, changes in land use, and basic poaching indicators.
Camera trap survey of Makame WMA
Camera traps are especially useful for surveying cryptic or nocturnal animals and almost 40% of animal species
in Tanzania fall into this category.
From October to December 2017, WCS, in collaboration with TAWIRI and the Makame WMA, carried
out the first ever camera trap survey of the WMA. 60 Reconyx cameras were set up across approx.
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65,000 hectares in the north of the WMA. The results captured a total of 2,500 large mammals of 42
different species. These were recorded in 3,041 camera trap nights, giving a camera trap rate of 0.82
individual sightings per camera trap night. This rate is higher than those recorded in Tarangire National
Park and Maswa Game Reserve, which thereby elevated Makame’s conservation importance -
particularly with respect to large mammals. Significant sightings included; the Natal Red Duiker, Bushy-
tailed Mongoose, Fringe-eared oryx, and an abundance of Aardwolf. Almost half of the species recorded
were carnivores, including leopard, caracal, striped hyaena, African wild dog (an endangered species) and
lion. The survey also revealed a higher rate of poaching than had been previously recorded which
resulted in several arrests thanks to a joint operation between the KDU and Tanzania National Parks
Authority. The dataset from this survey will establish a baseline of species diversity, provide a
comprehensive mammal species list, and a baseline of wildlife densities for the WMA.
Countering wildlife poaching in Makame
In 2017, Honeyguide supported the Makame WMA to develop a three-year Anti-poaching Strategic Plan (2017-
2020), building upon lessons learned from the Randilen WMA.
In Q1, Honeyguide supported the Makame WMA to organize a year-end protection operation, to
address both the increase in poaching generally observed during the year-end holiday season and
respond to the poaching threat revealed by the camera trap survey. 10 Village Game Scout (VGS) and
representatives from the MNRT Arusha zonal anti-poaching (KDU) unit took part in a 14-day patrol.
The patrol resulted in two wildlife poaching arrests, seizure of two motorcycles, two bicycles, two guns
and camping equipment; several charcoal kilns were also found and destroyed.
EENT Phase I Strategy 3: Increase and diversify income and improve health for local
communities, notably women and youth
and Strategy 4: Increase resilience to climate change.
Makame REDD+ Project
Carbon Tanzania is working with the Makame WMA to establish, certify, implement, and monitor a Reduced
Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) project in the Makame WMA. The REDD+
project serves as its primary incentive and income generating mechanism. Carbon revenues will support anti-
poaching, monitoring, education and medical provision for members of target villages. The Makame REDD+
project forecasts a 1,364,411 tCO2eq net estimated emission reductions in the project area over 10 years, and
46,194 ha estimated reduced forest loss in the project area (104,065 ha) measured against the without-project
scenario. The project will also seek accreditation under Gold Level Criteria because of the unique project benefits
to communities and biodiversity (for example, providing ecosystem connectivity for migratory mammals and
securing access to communal grazing).
In Q2, EENT partner CT, in close collaboration with the Makame WMA and communities, completed
the Makame Carbon (REDD+) Project Description document, following a carbon baseline study which
was carried out in Y1. The document outlines present and future scenarios and expected benefits for
communities and biodiversity and will guide the carbon project over the next 30 years. Key sections
include: community, climate, and biodiversity. In addition, Village Game Scouts completed training
required for carbon certification.
Marketplace Literacy Training
Among pastoralist communities, a lack of confidence in the marketplace can hinder the success of even the
smallest of enterprises, especially among women who traditionally have limited autonomy in production and lack
control over income. Oikos introduced “marketplace” training to the women of Makame WMA to help them
increase their income generating prospects and to familiarize them with the business landscape.
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In Y3, between Q1 and Q2, 350 women completed a five-day Marketplace Literacy training. Attendance
rates were high, despite distance, domestic demands (such as fetching water), and a lack of a phone
network. The response is a clear indicator that the training is important to and appreciated by women.
Model bomas for best practices in population, health, and environment (PHE)
The ‘model boma' is an approach for catalyzing behavioral change in communities to bring about adoption of
positive behaviors associated with family wellbeing, economics, and environmental stewardship at the household
level. Pathfinder has been spearheading the effort to recruit volunteer households to adopt and be assessed
against a set of criteria aligned with community ideals and EENT partner objectives. Criteria include good
sanitation and hygiene practices (such as the use of pit latrines and tippy taps), being a member of a village crop
protection team, tree planting, and the use of energy saving stoves. To implement PHE activities, trained ‘PHE
champions’ visit and educate new bomas on PHE criteria. Bomas who begin to establish at least seven PHE
criteria become model bomas in their village.
In Kiteto to date, the project has recruited 84 model bomas and trained 10 PHE champions (including
five women) on model boma mobile monitoring application. Pathfinder conducted an assessment of
bomas in Q3. Of 58 bomas interviewed, seven were categorized as first class achieve 18 or more
criteria, 13 were second class scoring 8-18 criteria, and 38 were third class bomas achieving only
minimum criteria. Additionally, 26 energy saving stoves were made among the model boma households.
Community Conservation Banks (COCOBAs)
The COCOBA program in villages of the Makame WMA, Kiteto District, was set up in 2017. COCOBAs are a
form of village credit and saving enterprises, comprising groups of up to 30 people who put their savings together
through accumulation of weekly shares. Pathfinder supports COCOBA groups as a key entry point for PHE
behavior change activities, as well as to improve economic outcomes among pastoralist communities. Registration
of COCOBAs with Local Government Authorities helps the groups to be formally recognized at the district level.
EENT partner Pathfinder has facilitated establishment of 22 COCOBA groups among Makame WMA
villages, with total share holdings at the end of Q3 at TZS 47 million. A steady increase was witnessed
by Q3, which can be attributed to the growing demand for loans by community members, an expanding
knowledge base, and the attractive gains made by some members:
• In Q2, a total of 40 loans worth TZS 3.6 million were issued and 7 were repaid.
• In Q3, a total of 68 loans worth TZS 10 million were issued and 18 were repaid.
By the end of Q3, 658 people were COCOBA members in Kiteto (244 men and 414 women). A data
validation exercise carried out by Pathfinder highlighted positive improvements, such as the presence of
carbon paper for duplicating records in the monthly report books. They also reconciled a few
discrepancies which were addressed with the COCOBA management.
Monduli District and the Randilen WMA EENT Phase I Strategy 1: Improve local governance and transparency
Communications training and women’s rights and leadership forums Women’s engagement in land and natural resources in Northern Tanzania is generally low, mainly due to domestic demands taking precedence, as well as a firm belief in some villages that land should be under the control of men. EENT engages with women’s rights and leadership forums as a mechanism for women and youth to engage in governance and decision making regarding land and natural resource management issues. Each forum is comprised of 20 women who are elected as village representatives.
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In Q1, UCRT conducted training on communications with 439 people (60% women and 39% youth) from eight villages in Randilen. Topics covered included: communication techniques on land and natural resource management and understanding village institutions such as Land Use Planning Committees. The training employed participatory methods appropriate for illiterate community members, such as drama and song. Preparations for elections of the Randilen WMA Authorized Association Board Authorized Associations comprise representatives from each member village who are responsible for the governance of the WMA. Elections are held every five years. Honeyguide supported the election process by helping the Randilen WMA Authorized Association to prepare an action plan and guidelines on how village members select nominees. A poster was prepared and distributed presenting steps to nominating and electing representatives and informing community members on minimum criteria and recommended characteristics of AA leadership. The poster included a summary of benefits from the WMA, including specific figures on employment, human-wildlife conflict mitigation, disbursements to communities (414 million shillings between 2014-2017), the scholarship program, and protection of dry season rangelands. The election process started in early October 2017 and was finalized in January 2018. In Q2, Honeyguide facilitated a two-day training session for the newly
elected AA members of the Randilen WMA. This session familiarized the new AA board members with
various issues pertaining to Randilen WMA including the WMA’s origin, WMA sustainability strategies,
and participants’ expected responsibilities as AA members. Building financial management capacity Honeyguide has engaged an accounting firm Mizani Ltd, to build the capacity of WMA accountants in financial management. Mizani conducted a financial review of the Randilen WMA in Q1. The Randilen WMA accountant participated in training tailored to needs identified during the review. Subsequently, the Randilen WMA accountant has made tremendous improvements to his accounting skills and his use of Quickbooks. Enhance mechanisms for conflict resolution within the Randilen WMA The Randilen WMA was established within a short period, which limited the opportunity for broad community participation. As a result, EENT partners have had to equip the WMA and village authorities with conflict resolution techniques - due mainly to conflicts which have arisen over land. EENT partners have also facilitated communication between the WMA community leaders and the public to promote community engagement in the WMA. In Q2, UCRT implemented training in conflict resolution with 63 local participants. Outcomes included an agreement to try and resolve cases locally or at community level rather than in court, and the revision of a conflict resolution manual to incorporate lessons learned. Randilen WMA Resource User Right and Resource Zone Management Plan (RZMP) The initial RZMP for the Randilen WMA expired in December 2017. The WMA has been operating under a grace period whilst the new RZMP is being reviewed for the period 2018 -2022. In Q3, TNC, UCRT, and the Randilen WMA collaborated to finalize the Randilen WMA RZMP and associated maps following a series of community consultations (which took place in Q2) and submitted
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it to the Tanzania Wildlife Management Authority (TAWA) for approval. In Q4 the RZMP was approved and Natural Resource User Rights were issued to the by the MNRT. Strengthening day-to-day Randilen WMA management The overall goal of this activity is to enable the Randilen WMA to have the capacity, tools, and infrastructure to manage day-to-day operations. EENT is supporting the WMA’s management team with tools, training, and salaries to strengthen the team’s capacity to manage the WMA effectively. In Q2, the Randilen WMA manager and a Honeyguide coordinator went on a study tour to the Naboisho and Mara North conservancies in Maasai Mara, Kenya. Though the conservancy model is different, the team was able to draw a lot from the similarities covering topics of governance and management, tourism and other revenues streams, rangelands management, community awareness, and human wildlife conflict and wildlife protection. In Q2, the Honeyguide facilitated testing the WMA management index tool through the first management capacity audit of the Randilen WMA. The WMA is using the results, addressing the shortfalls identified in the report. These include a lack of standard reporting templates, a Swahili translated human resources manual, and key plans. The following capacity development needs were also identified: business, administration and reporting skills, basic IT and systems management, project and task management systems. The WMA aims to pass at least 80% of the management standards by 2021. Honeyguide continued to strengthen the WMA’s planning and budgeting capacity through regular planning and feedback meetings. In Q3, Honeyguide facilitated various coaching and training sessions with the WMA management team covering management, development of the annual work plan, sustainability, and basic information technology. EENT Phase I Strategy 2: Improve wildlife protection and land and habitat management in
key corridors
Improve and strengthen management of CCRO grazing lands in Monduli UCRT has been facilitating eight villages of Monduli District to agree upon sustainable joint grazing schemes while working to secure tenure through communal CCROs for grazing land outside the WMA. These areas have not been sufficiently protected against immigrants who increase the area of land under cultivation and place additional pressure on the grazing area. Among these villages only Naitolia village had a CCRO until Y3. In Q1, Mswakini chini CCRO was issued for a small but important sliver of grazing land connecting the Randilen WMA and the Manyara Ranch. 444 participants in eight villages completed a two-day grazing management training which covered management of the CCRO areas and methods for managing conflicts. Through the training, five eastern villages agreed to protect joint grazing areas in adherence to by-laws drafted in Y2 and approved by at the district level in Y3. GPS points were also taken to taken to improve grazing calendars for eight villages, and posters maps were printed with the calendars in Q3. This activity provides a basis for establishing CCROs in three village under the revised design, which will follow Land Use Planning processes and issuance of Certificates of Village Land.
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Establish agreements between villages to manage and protect cross-border grazing areas to protect connectivity UCRT facilitates meetings and trainings to establish cross-border grazing agreements. This is popular with pastoralists because it enhances their traditional mobility in an organized way, and establishes reciprocal arrangements on which community members rely, especially in times of grass scarcity. In Q3, village councils, CCRO committees, WRLF members and traditional leaders took part in meetings and training which resulted in Mswakini and Lemooti wards signing two joint Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs). Lolkisale ward declined to sign until further agreement is reached on the sharing of grazing land and the modalities of the MoU. The activity has strengthened inter-relations among communities for joint management of rangelands. Capacity Building in rangeland management for women, youth, and traditional leaders This activity is a training on the importance of connectivity for grazing areas, carrying capacity, and enforcement of village natural resources governing by-laws. Previously, village councils and grazing committees were targeted, but this activity targeted women and youth, recognizing the importance of engaging them in rangeland decisions and protection of grasslands. Recruitment for this training – in Q3 - included 192 women and 128 men participated in the training, which used tools such as the Rangeland Management manual and the Land Use Plan Act of 2007. Women rights and leadership members from five villages shared their new knowledge at the sub-village level. Supporting wildlife and habitat protection in Randilen WMA The success of WMAs greatly depends on availability of wildlife and healthy habitats to bring in tourism and revenues. VGS protect wildlife, habitats and rangelands against illegal use by conducting patrols to arrest and deter poachers. Since 2016, all patrols have been recorded using SMART software. The Randilen WMA is working with Honeyguide to reduce wildlife poaching through more effective surveillance by equipping Village Game Scouts with the skills, equipment and facilities to address poaching. Increased revenues from tourism are intended to sustain the costs of anti-poaching patrols after the life of the project. In Y3, a total of 830 patrols resulted in 58 recorded incidents including poaching, accidents, wildlife carcasses, carnivore-human/livestock conflict, and habitat destruction. Tusks from two elephants which had died naturally were delivered to the Tanzania Wildlife Management Authority (TAWA). Two elephants were also rescued having become trapped in a deep water hole. A new outpost in the eastern hills has strengthened security within the WMA. The Randilen VGSs attended a workshop to learn about the newly approved Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs); and the implementation of these procedures will be monitored. EENT is also supported protection through the tracker dog unit that is stationed in Manyara Ranch. Preparing for crop protection during the ongoing 2018 season Honeyguide and Randilen WMA have run a successful community-led human-elephant conflict mitigation program since 2014. The use of the Human-Elephant Conflict toolkit helps deter elephants before they cause any damage to crops. Use of the toolkit conditions elephants over time to respond to some of the less confrontational deterrents such as flashlights, and bullhorns, and may reduce retaliatory killings. All incidents are monitored in case new measures need to be introduced, such as farm and high-conflict area mapping, or the use of chili fences.
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In Q2, Honeyguide carried out an assessment of the need for crop protection in seven villages, as well as handing over Human Wildlife Conflict (HWC) mitigation toolkits, 120 HWC handbooks and 70 HWC posters to the WMA for distribution. The following quarter, HWC mitigation toolkits were distributed and Randilen and Burunge WMA. Communities contributed up to 50% of the cost - a good indication of progress towards a 100% community owned HWC program by 2021. All crop raids are recorded using the Open Data Kit (ODK) smartphone application; 177 incidents were reported, of which 40% prevented raids before entry and 60% chased animals from farms.
EENT Phase I Strategy 3: Increase and diversify income and improve health for local
communities and Strategy 4: Increasing resilience to climate change
Micro-enterprises for women and youth Oikos has been working with women in Randilen to develop a leathercraft micro-enterprise 22 women (19 of whom had previously completed Marketplace literacy training) in Mswakini formed the Mswakini Women’s Group following leather artisan training. The project set up a leather center in Mswakini Chini which is the core of the production, and a shop at the WMA gate in Naitolia. In June 2018, Oikos completed the rehabilitation of the Mswakini leather workshop; Oikos will provide further technical supervision and marketing support to the women for six months following closeout. A leather artisan and Monduli District Community Development Officer will visit the group at least twice a month. Orders will be distributed by a small marketing team and the group will continue to attend fairs and technical meetings. Meat drying for resilience For pastoralist communities, meat drying is a way to increase the utility of livestock and food security in the face of climate change. Slaughtering starving animals during droughts extends its shelf life and is a way of recovering protein.
In Y3, Meat drier prototypes were tested and the most effective model was produced for training. A Kiswahili meat drying manual was finalized, printed and in distributed. In Q2, 14 men and 34 women were trained in meat-drying from Naitolia and Lokisale villages. In Q3 seven Model Bomas in Lolkisale who took part in trainings received meat dryers, which they will share within their communities. The training covered the benefits and opportunities for preserving meat through sun-drying, hygiene practices, and procedures for meat drying. Community Conservation Banks (COCOBAs) EENT started the COCOBA program for Monduli District in 2016. Pathfinder established the groups with help from local government authorities, particularly the District Community Development Office (DCDO). Twenty-five COCOBA groups have been established in Monduli District, with the total share holdings at the end of Q3 being TZS 132 million. In Q2, a total of 175 loans worth TZS 35 million were issued and 70 were repaid. In Q3, a total of 226 loans worth TZS 47 million were issued and 66 were repaid. By the end of Q3, 710 people are COCOBA members in 9 villageas in Monduli (212 men and 498 women). In Q3,
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Pathfinder carried out a data validation exercise and also visited 13 COCOBA to discuss the health insurance scheme, or ‘Improved Community Health Fund’ (ICHF). Model bomas for best practices in population, health, and environment Model bomas have been recruited in all eight member villages of Randilen WMA, of which there are now 223. PHE champions in Monduli continued to support old model Bomas, sensitize the community on PHE, and helped establish 57 new model bomas. Pathfinder trained 16 PHE champions in Q3 on the use of a mobile application monitoring tool; and results from an assessment of the new cohort of Model Bomas identified 80 first class, 95 second class and 48 third class bomas. Expand women micro-enterprises for beekeeping TPW has been supporting women’s beekeeping initiatives in Simanjiro since 2013 and is now supporting them in Monduli. TPW will continue to support all women’s groups via technical training and mentorship following termination of USAID’s support due to the interest, traction, and benefits it has generated. The women will be responsible for the monitoring and harvesting of hives. In Y3, TPW began working with Bawakimo Women’s Association in Monduli providing training and capital for expanding beekeeping initiatives. 25 groups were awarded TZS 1.6 million in micro grants to invest in beekeeping. Representatives from all beekeeping groups completed a two-day training on environmental entrepreneurship and business basics (of the 112 attendees, 95% were women). Women from Mswakini Juu and Mswakini Chini received an additional two-day training on an introduction to beekeeping techniques. TPW will maintain its involvement with all supported women’s groups following closeout of EENT support. TPW will continue to provide training as needed, while the responsibility for monitoring and harvesting hives will be in the hands of the women’s groups.
Simanjiro District EENT Phase I Strategy 1: Improve wildlife protection and land and habitat management in
key corridors
CCRO capacity development: Simanjiro is unique in the northern rangelands landscape as the only District without a WMA. In this area Land Use Plans and communal grazing CCROs are the primary land tenure mechanisms that secure communal rights to grazing land and around which village natural resource governance and management institutions engage. Here, EENT has focused efforts to strengthen institutional capacity of village governments for accountability, inclusiveness, and transparency in natural resource governance. In 484 people participated in twelve target villages of western Simanjiro in training on governance and financial management related to management and protection of communal grazing CCRO areas. The training addressed conflict resolution and basic financial management associated with collection of fines, and public posting of financial information. In three villages, sign posts were erected to differentiate each land use category, to reduce the potential for conflict regarding land use.
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Capacity development for grazing committees: Grazing committees are essential to effective rangeland management in the Northern Rangelands. Through EENT, UCRT and TPW have been helping to build the capacity of grazing committees of Simanjiro villages. In Q2, UCRT conducted a training session toward building capacity for natural resources management with grazing committee members, members of WRLFs, and traditional leaders from eight villages of the Simanjiro target villages. The first session was a training of 408 participants, addressing enforcement of natural resource by-laws, establishment of grazing calendars. Grazing calendars were finalized for 7 villages, and posters were printed in Q3. UCRT held a second one-day coaching event for the 280 participants. Participants gained knowledge and skills in management of grazing areas and natural resources, cross border land use management and the importance of joint grazing committees for livestock and wildlife mobility.
Building transparency and accountability around natural resources management and benefits: Women are increasingly realizing that they have an important role to play in natural resource management, transparency, accountability, and benefits sharing. It is important to engage men as well as women in processes that seek to build acceptance of women’s role in natural resources management. This activity was meant to target men as well as the larger community in advancing the role of women in natural resource management. In Q2, UCRT facilitated a two-day training on transparency and accountability in natural resource management implemented in each of six Simanjiro villages. The main goals of the training were to inform participants of policies relating to natural resources, sensitize women to actively engage in the management of natural resources, and encourage women to benefit from these resources as members of their communities. This training targeted members of WRLF, male youth, and village council representatives. In total, 70 men and 153 women were trained making a total of 223 community members. EENT Phase I Strategy 2: Improve wildlife protection and land and habitat management in
key corridors
Wildlife protection and monitoring WCS, TPW, and Honeyguide, support a total of 15 VGS in Simanjiro, working with local professionals to continue to monitor migratory and resident wildlife in Loiborsiret, Sukuro, and Terrat. Each team is fully trained in SMART software, gathering and analyzing data to inform local law enforcement strategies. The data also serve as an indicator of local conservation outcomes. Information is shared with village authorities who refer higher profile incidents (where firearms are suspected) to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism Arusha regional anti-poaching (KDU) unit and Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA). The activity in Simanjiro complements WCS’s broader landscape surveys by demonstrating the localized impact of partners’ conservation efforts in a focal area. Wildlife protection and monitoring continued in Sukuro, Terrat and Loiborsiret and VGSs continue using SMART software for wildlife monitoring and protection patrols. During Q1-Q3, VGS conducted 231 patrols in Loiborsiret, 285 in Sukuro, and 261 in Terrat on foot, bicycle, motorbike, and vehicle, conducting wildlife counts and reporting illegal activity.
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In Loiborsiret, indices of mammal abundance over the life of EENT indicate that impala, zebra and African buffalo account for nearly 70% of total abundance of mammals recorded; increasing numbers of Kirk’s dik-dik, fringe-eared oryx, eland and bush duiker were recorded between Y1 and Y3 rainy seasons; and seven of ten most commonly observed herbivore species demonstrated an increase from the first data collection year (November 2011 - October 2012). In February during the calving period, approximately 2,000 zebras and 1,900 wildebeest were counted across Sukuro and Terrat; and only one poaching incident (wildebeest) was recorded. The main illegal activity on the easements was encroachment of farms which has been addressed through District intervention. Community-based rangeland management and monitoring TPW has implemented community-driven rangeland monitoring in three villages (Ngoley and Vilima Vitatu in Babati and Loiborsiret in Simanjiro). In Y1 and Y2, TPW worked closely with community members to discern what information is needed to understand rangeland quality and developed a monitoring protocol using the ODK platform. The Project supports two community rangeland monitors in each village who collect data twice a month on rangeland condition. Data is uploaded to a remote server and summarized into useful metrics. Community monitors present these data to village grazing committees every other month. The committees use this information to make timely decisions regarding grazing management based on real-time on-the-ground condition, while contributing to early warning systems for drought and pasture degradation. In Y3, TPW continued to support six rangeland monitors in three villages of Simanjiro and Babati. The monitors present monitoring data to their respective communities for decision making. Lessons learned by TPW are being used to replicate the model in other rangeland management institutions under the revised project design. Establish agreements between villages to manage and protect cross-border grazing areas to protect connectivity During EENT project year two, an MoU was developed for the Kitwai A, Kitwai B and Londerkes villages in Kitwai ward, due to the ward’s exemplary maintenance and management of grass banks. As a result, neighboring villages migrated into the ward. This led the joint grazing committee to take measures to ensure that those who migrated did so legally and for a limited period. UCRT trained leaders and facilitated ongoing MoU negotiations between five additional Simanjiro villages in Q3. Rangeland monitors - supported by TPW - and the district Livestock Department also took part in the trainings. EENT Phase I Strategy 3: Increase and diversify income and improve health for local
communities
Beekeeping TPW has been supporting women’s beekeeping initiatives in Simanjiro since 2013 and is working with them to
harvest, sell, and develop the full honey value chain. 51 women’s groups participate in the program in Simanjiro, receiving training in environmental entrepreneurship, and beekeeping grants for hives and equipment. Beekeeping activities generate income for the women whilst giving them a platform to engage in land management and learn good resource governance.
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The 2017 harvest was seriously affected by drought. In Q1, TPW disbursed payments of $134 for 54.5 kg of crude honey to six groups in Loiborsiret from the September 2017 harvest. TPW hosted two-day trainings in each of the three villages, engaging 400 participants (97% women and one third youth). Training covered practices for monitoring hive condition and production, harvesting and processing honey and practice in using bee suits and smokers. TPW is transitioning more responsibilities to the groups.
TWP held a meeting with the Loiborsiret Women’s Association in June at which the women requested
training in honey processing and packaging (which was subsequently scheduled for July 2018). New
market opportunities arose as a result of connections made at the Nane Nane Agricultural Fair last year.
Honey sales from the Y3 harvest were not yet accounted as harvesting only began in July 2018.
Meat drying for resilience Oikos supported meat-drying in two villages of Simanjiro. In Q3, Oikos handed over meat dryers and completed meat drying trainings in Sukuro and Loiborsiret following preparations which were made for this in Q2. Of the 46 trainees, 75% were women and 44% youth. The trainers were former trainees, which worked very well owing to their common cultural background and understanding of community needs. The trainers also demonstrated a strong interest in developing meat drying as a business and are currently equipped to produce dried meat both for home consumption and to sell at the village market. If further funds are secured, Oikos will monitor the development of the activity in terms of trade opportunities. Community Conservation Banks (COCOBAs) EENT has been supporting COCOBAs in Simanjiro since 2016. In Q1-Q3 Pathfinder continued to support 27 COCOBA groups in Simanjiro. The total share holdings at the end of Q3 were TZS 70 million. Across Simanjiro COCOBA groups, a total of 35 loans worth TZS 4 million were issued and 15 were repaid. 719 people are COCOBA members in Simanjiro (117 men and 602 women). Pathfinder carried out a data validation exercise and findings show that COCOBA groups improved documentation and record keeping. Cumulatively, the project has supported the registration of 11 COCOBA groups in Simanjiro since inception; the remaining groups are in the process of registering under the leadership of the DCDO. Nine COCOBA groups were engaged in sensitization for the Improved Community Health Fund (ICHF) insurance scheme. Model bomas for best practices in population, health, and environment EENT has been recruiting and encouraging behavior change through model bomas in Simanjiro since 2016. To
date, seven villages are participating in this program with the support of 14 PHE champions.
In Y3, PHE Champions recruited a total of 85 new model bomas. A model boma assessment exercise conducted this quarter found the 29 1st class, 36 2nd class and 20 in 3rd class. In total Pathfinder has supported establishment of 155 model bomas in Simanjiro since inception. To promote sustainability, all Model Bomas were recorded in the village government office and with the DCDO and District Health Officer (DHO) and were linked with the National Sanitation Program Scheme (NSPS). The district teams through the NSPS monitor the various sanitation practices at the boma level on a quarterly basis.
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Pathfinder trained 14 PHE champions who are also Community Health Workers (CHW) on mobile monitoring technology for the assessment.
Multiple Geographies
EENT Phase I Strategy 2: Improve wildlife protection and land and habitat management in
key corridors
Living Walls expansion and support to Big Cat Conflict Officers
EENT has expanded the Living Walls Initiative to promote a sustainable community-designed approach to
protect livestock from carnivores. TPW has facilitated the installation of 850 Living Walls to date, 265 of which
were made possible by EENT.
Key achievements Q1-3 include:
• Q1: 101 Living Walls installed, protecting livestock for 148 households; Mswakini Juu and Mswakini
Chini recruited four human-wildlife conflict officers; staff received motorbikes.
• Q2: 65 Living Walls installed in 13 target villages; TPW hosted training for 28 officers, during which
they had a chance to respond to a real-time incident; the training covered data, identifying big cats,
and communication; conflict monitoring is ongoing.
• Q3: 13 Living Walls installed; officers verified 207 conflicts across 21villages (52 involving big cats).
Key findings from TPW’s analysis of livestock-carnivore conflict through the life of the EENT project
include:
• Conflict officers verified over 1,400 conflicts over the life of the EENT project; 48% occurred at
bomas.
• Conflict increased over the two full years of EENT support, though severe drought between May
2017 and the end of the year led to livestock being taken elsewhere. Therefore, such conflicts may
have been artificially depressed in the first year.
• Conflict data analysis led to the installation of 291 Living Walls (funded by USAID) and 43 with
matched funds.
• Data prior to EENT (2013-17 in Burunge-Manyara and 2015-17 in West Kilimanjaro) suggests
increased numbers of Living Walls correspond to fewer conflicts at bomas
• In the last 15 months, human-wildlife conflict officers helped to stop 24 retaliatory killings of
carnivores.
Rangeland degradation assessment
In years one, EENT partners conducted a large-scale rapid assessment of rangeland degradation. A report was
produced in 2017, quantifying the extent of rangeland degradation in the Tarangire-Manyara ecosystem using
MODIS satellite imagery to interpolate sample data. This quantified levels of degradation associated with bush
encroachment, loss of ground cover and resulting soil loss and noxious weed invasion, and the extent to which
both degradation types have resulted in grasslands becoming unsuitable for both livestock and wild ungulates.
In Y3, the University of York conduced supplemental sampling and updated the analysis to improve the
quality of the interpolated maps. In Q1, an updated final report of rangeland degradation was produced,
which provides a biophysical baseline for measuring rehabilitation success in future years and may be
useful in targeting priority areas for rehabilitation efforts. York also added an analysis of the whole time-
series of MODIS imagery to provide a preliminary comparative assessment of degradation inside and
outside protected areas and in highly degraded areas. The analysis reveals that rangeland outside of
protected areas, has not been able to recover since 2007, a particularly dry year.
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Landscape Wildlife Monitoring
WCS and TAWIRI have been conducting bi-annual dry and wet season wildlife ground counts across the entire
EENT ecosystem to establish seasonal wildlife distributions and provide abundance estimates for larger ungulates.
Ground counts are conducted by vehicle along ~1500 km fixed-route transects using the DISTANCE sampling
method. The same transects are repeated in the wet and dry season each year, allowing for the determination of
wildlife trends between seasons. Counts are carried out by two teams of five over a period of approximately one
month. Monitoring large resident and migratory mammals across the ecosystem is an important component of
measuring the ultimate outcomes of protection and conservation of wildlife habitats and dispersal areas. Vehicle
transect counts have been conducted across the landscape each wet and dry season since the 2016 Wet season.
In Y3, WCS conducted the 2017 Dry Season count and 2018 Wet season count - the fourth and fifth
survey of their kind in the landscape. The survey results were compiled in an analysis of all five surveys
to date. The results indicate that populations of the six target species (elephant, giraffe, impala, Grant's
gazelle, wildebeest, and zebra) are stable or increasing, although more surveys are recommended to
establish long-term population trends. Results of the February wet season mammal count (detailed
across five counts in total) reaffirmed the importance of community lands to the long-term sustainability
of wildlife in the Tarangire ecosystem, as well as serving as a useful baseline data series for wildlife
trends and distribution patterns.
Testing methods to reverse/ameliorate rangeland degradation
Rangeland degradation is an increasing problem across the Tarangire ecosystem. WCS and the University of York
initiated a series of enclosure experiments across Randilen WMA and Simanjiro in which areas of degraded
rangeland were fenced in and different management strategies applied to them. Each area is subjected to one of
the following treatment types: maximum grazing, seasonal grazing, maximum fire, cut and graze, low grazing
and no grazing. Information from these experiments will increase grazing committees’ knowledge base for
rangeland management.
In Y3, York finalized the experimental set-up and collected baseline vegetation data. In Randilen WMA
there are two experimental sites heavily degraded by encroachment of Dichrostachys. In Terrat on the
conservation easement, there is one experimental site heavily degraded with high proportion of bare
ground and dominated by Ipomea. Each site has three replication plots of four one-acre treatment
enclosures and one control. In Q4 York began fire treatments and prepared for grazing treatments with
goats.
On the Terrat site, where livestock grazing is open and large numbers of wildebeest have been sighted
since the setting up of the enclosures - analysis shows less bare ground within the enclosures, as well as
greater grass height and lower and fewer shrubs. Randilen WMA, where grazing is regulated within the
WMA - analysis shows fewer tall grasses and herbs outside of the enclosures and taller shrubs inside
enclosures.
Further funds have been secured through the USAID-EENT grant (and funding secured by York
University), to continue the enclosure experiments in Randilen WMA and Simanjiro. Livestock
monitoring housing for two goat herders has been constructed in Randilen WMA. Additional
achievements from this experiment can be found in the Q4 section of this report.
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Monitor distribution and abundance of carnivores in the entire NTRI-EENT area
Evidence used for data collection to detect the presence of large carnivores includes sightings, scat and tracks,
and reports of conflict. Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) officers collect the data via the Open Data Kit (ODK) and
record it on an application called ODK Collect. The data helps to alert herdsmen of areas to avoid, as well as
determining locations for living Walls.
In Q2, 31 HWC officers across 21 villages (including Longido, Monduli, Babati and Simanjiro) continued
to record evidence of big cats and wild dogs. Collectively in Q2, they reported evidence of lions five
times, leopards 22 times, cheetahs seven times, and wild dogs three times. In Q3, they recorded
evidence of cheetah twice, leopard 14 times, lion twelve, and wild dog once.
Key outcomes overall include:
• In addition to the reports in Q2 and Q3, an additional 252 records of carnivore presence, primarily
leopard and lion were recorded.
• Hotspots for lions and wild dog are in the Maasai Steppe, leopards in Naitolia and cheetah in West
Kilimanjaro landscape.
Community-based rangeland monitoring in Simanjiro and Babati
TPW has implemented community-driven rangeland monitoring under EENT since 2016. This has helped three
villages make timely decisions regarding grazing management (based on real-time on-the-ground condition). The
information gathered has also contribute to early warning systems for drought and pasture degradation. The
project supported two community rangeland monitors per village, who collected data each month via the mobile
application ODK collect and then presented it to their communities every other month.
In Q2, Ngoley reported improved rangeland management (they had grass until November and no loss of
cattle). However, they also reported tensions with neighboring communities wanting to use their land.
The village worked with the district to help enforce national and village laws regarding grazing rights and
village boundaries in order to try and mitigate this. Vilima Vitatu reported poor management practice
(opening their rangelands too early before they had a chance to go to seed), resulting in the loss of
livestock; they also reported people illegally living in the rangelands.
Actions agreed in Q2, following data presented by TPW to the Loiborsiret grazing committee included
no longer allowing most livestock from outside the village to graze on their lands and for people to shift
out of dry season grazing areas to wet season areas by March 26, and instituting a fine of TZS 50,000 to
those who violate the grazing plan.
In Q3, Loiborsiret, villagers were generally pleased with the status of their grazing areas, however, there
is a lack of awareness regarding mechanisms to control fire. In Ngoley and Villa Vitatu, ongoing political
conflicts meant that grazing was not restricted into dry and rainy season areas which led to a lower
rangeland quality; on the positive side, communities now recognize the value of following their grazing
plans. During discussions with TPW, all villages highlighted that they had demarcated their grazing areas,
drafted by-laws to protect those areas, and conducted monthly monitoring of rangeland condition.
Common challenges included invasive species and improper settlement/agriculture in the grazing lands -
three ‘next-step’ priorities have been identified to address these.
Trends in TWP findings over the data collection period April 2017 through June 2018 include:
• All villages show an increase in percent bare ground from April - November 2017. Following the
November 2017 - April 2018 rainy season, the percent bare ground dropped steeply in Loiborsiret
and Vilima Vitatu, though stayed relatively stable in Ngoley
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• All villages show a similar pattern in percent green vegetation (high in rainy season, low in dry
season)
• The invasive species Tribulus terrestrial was recorded in all three villages at varying times
throughout the data collection period.
Community-based rangeland rehabilitation in Simanjiro and Babati
Through the project, TPW facilitated a program to incentivize local management of communal grazing land.
In Y3, Loiborsiret received a grant to improve their cattle troughs. This project will improve access to
livestock water sources and encourage more coordinated management of livestock movements to
prevent degradation of the water source. The improvements of the cattle troughs are now complete,
with new pipelines and pumps; demarcation of paths has consolidated livestock movement onto
common trails. To further safeguard the river ecosystem, the community has introduced by-laws to
prohibit bathing and washing clothes in the river and removing sand from the river. Furthermore, hand
pumps must be used to extract water rather than entering the river directly. The community has also
requested TPW’s help to restore the riparian area with native plants to stabilize the banks.
Landscape level map showcasing pasture connectivity and grazing patterns
Traditional livestock grazing has been practiced in the northern Tanzania rangelands for decades. Grazing
patterns were always based on cross-villages, districts and regions, which governed wildlife access to pasture in
village lands. To sustain wildlife grazing patterns in these landscapes, it is critical to map out existing pasture
patterns.
In Q2, a draft tenure map was prepared; in Q3, TNC developed the land use map which showcases
pasture connectivity across northern Tanzania.
EENT Phase I Strategy 3: Increase and diversify income and improve health for local
communities
Model bomas for best practices in population, health, and environment
PHE champions continued to sensitize the community and encourage model households to continue
improving their model status. In Y2, Pathfinder assessed 219 model bomas against a range of criteria in
health and sanitation, environmental and livelihood, gender equity and civic engagement. In Y3 a new
cohort of households were recruited by PHE champions, and an assessment of 366 household was
conducted.
A selection of summary results reveals that of the first cohort and second cohort respectively:
• 87% and 71% use a latrine with a latrine cover
• 65% and 47% have a tippy-tap hand washing facility
• 81% and 64% can explain the benefits, or express positive attitudes to family planning
• 87% have knowledge of village by-laws among the first cohort, and 62% respect and comply with
Land Use Plans and WMA regulations among the second cohort
• 96% and 76% express engagement in civic activities
• Among the second cohort, 72% of household express support of female-inclusive decision
making, and 67% express openness to women in leadership.
Mapping the extent, drivers and rates of deforestation across Northern Tanzania
Carbon Tanzania completed analysis of the rates, patterns extent and drivers of the deforestation across
the northern Tanzanian landscape.
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Develop a livestock-to-market program and pasture management strategy
Staff from UCRT, Veterinarians without Borders, and NTRI started planning this strategy following a
visit to Kenya where they attended a workshop on pastoralism, as well as a number of Kenyan initiatives
- such as the Mara Training Centre - related to livestock marketing and pasture management. An
advisory committee has been initiated to monitor and guide future plans. More information can be found
under Q4 (“Implement a Holistic Rangeland Management program in four areas”).
ACHIEVEMENTS IN EENT PHASE TWO, YEAR 3, QUARTER 4 This section of the report addresses activities completed in the first quarter of EENT Phase 2.
Accomplishments are organized by the new project results framework (Figure I above). This section
provides more detail on activities because Q4 activities were not reported upon in previous quarterly
reports.
Strategy One: Multi-stakeholder Engagement This strategy focuses on broadening collaborative engagement and learning to improve the health of
rangelands and communities in northern Tanzania. It is structured around a stakeholder forum for
building common understanding of threats and opportunities, visioning for the future of the northern
rangelands, and joint planning to advance solutions with nine districts. NTRI plays a leading role in
catalyzing the establishment of the forum and taking on initial secretariat roles. The strategy also
advances a process of collaborative learning to explore practical solutions for healthy, connected
rangelands. Both the forum committees and the collaborative learning are centered around two themes:
(1) multi-village land use planning and tenure; (2) rangeland management, restoration, and monitoring.
Overall, this will broaden the way in which NTRI, local government, and other stakeholders learn, plan,
and work in a synergetic way.
IR 1: Collaboration, learning, and adaptation advanced among government and non-government
stakeholders for healthy connected rangelands
Sub-IR 1.1: Stakeholder forum for healthy, connected rangelands for people and wildlife of Manyara
and Arusha regions effectively engaging government and non-government actors in joint visioning,
planning, and learning on the landscape
Launch a stakeholder’s forum on healthy, connected rangelands in Arusha and Manyara regions
TNC is facilitating the establishment of a stakeholder forum for healthy, connected rangelands in Arusha and
Manyara regions in collaboration with the Assistant Regional Administrative Secretaries of Arusha and Manyara.
Goals of the forum, as agreed with RAS offices and stakeholders, include to:
1. Establish a common vision for the balanced use of the rangelands (e.g. pastoralism, agriculture and wildlife)
2. Articulate and test solutions for connecting land use plans and securing community tenure in key areas, and
grazing management techniques that improve rangeland quality and benefit communities
3. Incorporate solutions into plans and policies
4. Build transparency regarding ongoing initiatives associated with rangeland management
5. Advance two-way communication upward to ministries and outward to stakeholders.
TNC worked with the Regional Administrative Secretaries of Arusha and Manyara regions to agree
upon the aims and general structure of the forum. Subsequently, on 20 July 2018, a workshop was held
on “Exploring synergies and laying the groundwork for a rangeland forum.” Eighty-five participants
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attended the workshop, including representatives from regional secretariats of Arusha and Manyara
regions, representatives of the Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), Tanzania National Parks
Association (TANAPA), National Land Use Planning Commission (NLUPC), and Tanzania Wildlife
Authority (TAWA), nine focal districts of Arusha and Manyara regions continuing trans‐boundary
rangelands important for pastoralists and wildlife (Monduli, Simanjiro, Longido, Mbulu, Karatu, Kiteto,
Ngorongoro, Arumeru, Babati), four Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs), and NTRI and other non-
governmental partners.
Goals of the workshop were to introduce a stakeholders’ forum for healthy, connected rangelands;
ensure a multi-sectoral approach to support healthy, connected rangelands; and identify best practices
for land use planning and rangeland management. Participants learned about one-another’s work and
identified activities that could form the basis of learning and exchange, particularly regarding rangeland
management, land use planning beyond village boundaries, conservation incentives, and population,
health, and environment. Each district and the NTRI partners identified 1-2 actions they could commit
to taking over the coming year. Participants agreed upon some parameters of the forum, including:
• Have a similar stakeholder meeting every 4 months
• Participants engage in study visits to learn from each other’s successes
• Participants of the forum will include: GOT officials from the two Regions and nine Districts,
plus the
• WMAs, NGO partners, community representative, 2‐3 national government agencies
• The forum should fit within existing structures to be sustainable after the NTRI funding ends.
Participants agreed on next steps for a stakeholder forum, including that NTRI, in partnership with the
RAS offices, will chart out the next steps for stakeholder forum meetings and would launch an activity to
map existing projects in the two regions related to rangeland management and land use planning for
connectivity.
Figure II: Preparing for an exercise in the 27 August workshop (credit: Prosper Jorram)
On 27 August 2018, TNC organized a workshop to seek consensus on a steering committee and work
plan for the stakeholder forum on healthy connected rangelands in Northern Tanzania. The 27
participants included representatives of districts, regions, relevant national government agencies, NTRI,
and other NGO partners leading large related initiatives. Following this workshop, a “Strategic Advisory
Group” consisting of the Arusha Assistant RAS, Manyara Assistant RAS, NTRI, and USAID met to
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reflect on inputs from the 27 August workshop and to make decisions on the way forward based on
these inputs. These two sessions verified objectives of the forum and determined the forum technical
working group structure (Figure III), forum participants, and recommended steering committee
membership. They also provided suggestions to inform work planning of the forum, including suggested
priorities for the next full forum session.
During the 27 August workshop, TNC presented the Collaboration, Learning, and Adaptation (CLA)
Framework available on the USAID learning labs a possible structure for monitoring progress of the
stakeholder forum. Participants worked in small groups to reflect on tangible measures of successful
“collaboration”, “learning”, or “adapting” characteristics of a supportive “culture”, “processes” or
“resources” expected in the next 2 years. These preliminary inputs will be used to develop a simple
milestone tracking system for the steering committee to measuring progress of the forum.
The Rangeland Forum will include technical working groups for: (a) multi‐village land use planning and
community tenure, and (b) rangeland management and restoration. A steering committee, including
DEDs of participating districts, will meet in concert with the forum sessions to advise on strategic
direction and review progress. A small strategic advisory committee including representatives of the two
RAS offices, NTRI, and USAID will meet as needed to confirm key decisions.13
.
Figure III. Structure of the Forum on Healthy, Connected Rangelands in Arusha and
Manyara Regions
13 The forum will not duplicate existing processes for two important inter-related topics: Population, Health, and
Environment, which is being facilitated through each region by a process associated with the national PHE strategy,
and Policy, which is being facilitated by Tanzania Natural Resources Forum (TNRF) joint advocacy task force and
policy working group.
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Sub-IR 1.2: Government and nongovernment actors share a transparent, common understanding of
activities ongoing on the landscape that advance solutions for healthy, connected rangelands
Summarize the work of various actors related to rangeland management and land use planning in Arusha
and Manyara regions
NTRI partners and government counterparts identified a need for a mapping exercise to identify actors working
on projects related to the health and connectivity of rangelands in Arusha and Manyara regions. The goal is to
increase transparency about who is doing what where, better coordinate efforts on the ground, avoid duplication
and prioritize implementation in geographic and thematic areas that display gaps. This exercise is helping to
assess what level of information is feasible and most important to collect. Results will create a baseline of
information and will provide a basis for districts to assess whether and how to continue to update and maintain
such information into the future.
This quarter, TNC led a process to gather and analyze this information. A consultant analyzed the vision,
mission statement, programs, and outcomes of organizations working on healthy rangelands and dryland
livelihood. He conducted a desk review of reports and evaluations of NGO work in the Arusha and
Manyara regions. A team of two conducted interviews with leaders of communities, NGOs, and local
government authorities in the two regions. A draft report was produced. This traces the history of
major initiatives for rangelands in Arusha and Manyara regions and summarizes activities by district, and
identifies a range of knowledge gaps and recommendations. Findings include that more NGOs are
working on livelihoods and less on dynamics of ecosystem management. The draft findings will be vetted
in the November stakeholder forum. Forum participants will advise on next steps and will discuss
whether and how local government may collaborate toward continuing to update this programmatic
mapping into the future.
• Deliverable: Draft Report: ’Analysis of Activities and Gaps of Organisations working on Health
and Connectivity of Rangelands in Manyara and Arusha Regions’.
IR 2: Solutions advanced that promote rangeland health and provide the basis of learning for scaling up
of best practices
Sub IR 2.1: Research, monitoring, and geospatial data better inform decision-making on rangeland
management and land use planning
Conduct experiment and facilitate learning on rangeland restoration
The degradation of the northern rangelands has significantly affected grazing availability for livestock and wildlife.
A field experiment, with repetition of multiple treatment types will allow the impact of the treatments to be
assessed and quantified to determine why different degradation types occur and identify effective methods of
restoration. After an initial systematic assessment of rangeland condition across the study area, experimental
restoration sites have been constructed on grazing land in Terrat and Randilen which show signs of significant
rangeland degradation, i.e. bare ground with invasive plants, and bush encroachment respectively.
Achievements in Q4 include:
• The University of York led an assessment of vegetation structure (July 2018) to assess impact of
restriction of grazing on rangeland regeneration. This complements data collected in October
2017 and April 2018.
• NTRI partners, community members, WMA and rangeland staff completed fire and safe burn
training. Fire treatments were implemented on the appropriate plots to test its impact on
vegetation.
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• New agreements were established between UCRT and the Randilen WMA, including approvals
from the Randilen WMA Authorized Association. UCRT was introduced as the new partner to
the Village Executive Officer in Terrat Village
• UCRT led maintenance of enclosures and construction of temporary livestock boma prior to
the grazing treatments
• 20 goats were purchased and grazing treatments started in Terrat Village.
Sub IR 2.4: Community rangeland management and livestock marketing approaches advanced and
shared
Implement a Holistic Rangeland Management program in four areas - Model II (Engaruka dispersal route,
Randilen WMA, Terrat and Sukuro Easements)
In March 2018, UCRT, TNC and VSF-Belgium visited the Mara Training Centre (MTC) and Mara Beef in Kenya
to learn about holistic rangeland management. The Selela and Kitwai B grazing CCROs were selected as pilot
cases for a 4-day boot camp at MTC.
Accomplishments of Q4 include:
• 29 participants from Monduli and Simanjiro completed a 4-day ‘boot camp’ at MTC in June 2018;
they then shared their new knowledge with their communities at the sub village level
• A Livestock Grazing and Marketing Manager was appointed
• 7-day sensitisation workshops were carried out in the communities of each village
• Each village selected two ‘grazing coordinators’ to oversee the program in their respective
villages
• Deliverable: Mara Boot Camp training report.
INTEGRATION OF CROSSCUTTING ISSUES AND FORWARD PRIORITIES
Gender, Equality, Women’s Empowerment, and Youth Engagement The engagement of youth and women is critical to EENT’s work. Many EENT partners have supported the role
of women and youth in governance, economic activities and associated capacity development activities.
Developments include:
• A high proportion of women benefiting from COCOBA membership (1,514 women compared to 573
men).
• Oikos has facilitated the training of over 3,089 women and 19 men in Marketplace Literacy, as well as
40 women community trainers; 22 women have been trained in leather production and handicraft
making with two active production units.
• Oikos has trained 21 men and 73 women in sun drying meat; out of 94 who completed the training
52% were youth.
• 1,249 of the 1,318 beekeepers (95%) receiving support for beekeeping enterprises were women; these
women will continue to take on more hands-on management of the beekeeping businesses.
• 419 (32%) of the community members receiving support for beekeeping enterprises are youth.
• 439 people, of whom 60% were women and 39% youth, completed training on communication
techniques on land and natural resource management.
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• 153 women and 66 youth completed training on transparency and accountability in natural resource
management.
• Overall, 46% of community members engaged as rangeland monitors or Village Game Scouts through
TPW are youth, and 50% of the Village Game Scouts hired through WCS are youth.
• In the second quarter, PHE champions reported construction of 96 new fuel-efficient stoves in 18
villages. These reduce the burden on women to collect firewood, and improve respiratory health for
women and children.
• A video was prepared for International Women’s Day featuring a woman who, by being a WRLF
member, had gained confidence to take her land dispute case to court.
• In Q4, female members of CCRO and grazing committees and participated in the boot camp training
in the Mara as well as the follow up in the communities.
These achievements illustrate that the work to promote women’s voice and choice in natural resource
governance is gradually manifesting on the landscape.
Local Capacity Development EENT is supporting capacity building for natural resource governance and management at the local authority,
WMA, ward, village, and household level. Developments include:
• VGS in Sukuro, Terrat, Loiborsiret villages and Randilen WMA are using SMART enforcement
software confidently and reliably. Makame WMA were introduced to SMART software through
training and exposure through joint and special patrols.
• Three Tanzanian WCS employees have learned to use Wild.ID software to extract and analyze
camera trap photos. All wildlife research is coordinated through Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute,
and actively engagement as collaborators and coauthors.
• Oikos supported capacity development of 94 people in meat drying technology.
• Honeyguide was involved in training the WMA AA board on sustainability pillars.
• UCRT built the capacity of the Makame WMA in management, governance and accountability for
sustainable diversity conservation targeting a mix of WRLFs, traditional leaders, and AAs members.
• TPW built communities’ capacity to manage their natural resources using data to make decisions
regarding rangeland management.
• Loiborsiret community improved livestock troughs which will improve management of the Loiborsiret
river.
• TPW’s support of the Human Wildlife Conflict Officers helps communities understand and manage
human-wildlife conflict, as these officers also play a key role as community educators.
• UCRT supported local capacity development through multiple activities, including: training 63 people
on WMA conflict resolution; training eight villages on natural resource management and conflict
resolution in relation to CCRO grazing area; training 223 Simanjiro members on transparency and
accountability in environmental management and natural resource income benefits.
• In Q4, the fire treatment and safe burning training helped communities, the WMA and VGS better
understand the enclosure experiment and the various treatments being used.
• In Q4, two Community Grazing Coordinators (per community) were appointed as part of the holistic
rangeland management program; they are due to undertake a 6-month training course.
• Under EENT Phase II, local government, NTRI partners, and other government and non-government
actors have begun a process of sharing lessons learned with one-another so that field-based
experiences inform the design and implementation of work for rangeland health and connectivity
across nine districts.
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Integration and collaboration Across the northern rangelands landscape, EENT partners are working together on the ground to ensure
integrated efforts and results. Coordination efforts include:
• Honeyguide worked with TNC and UCRT to finalize Randilen WMA’s RZMP
• Honeyguide and TPW continued supporting Village Game Scouts in Loiborsiret, especially on the use
of SMART software
• WCS provided funding to Honeyguide for their Human-Elephant Conflict work, using private funding
that leverages USAID’s support
• WCS collaborated with TPW and Honeyguide by providing funds for an anti-poaching commander,
and sharing information on its anti-poaching data and wildlife monitoring activities in the Simanjiro
plains
• Oikos, UCRT, and Pathfinder collaborated on various trainings including meat drying, and the selection
of Model Boma Champions to host meat driers; Oikos and Randilen WMA collaborated on
Marketplace Literacy training of 25 Maasai women who are now engaged in a marketing collaboration
with the Mswakini Chini Women’s leather group; Randilen WMA is also supporting the leather group
by hosting a shop at the WMA gate
• Pathfinder sensitized Randilen WMA COCOBA members to support crop protection teams; these
COCOBA members are now training the rest of the groups on how to use some of the crop
protection instruments they purchased
• CT completed the community section of the Makame REDD+ Project Description with significant
input from data collected by UCRT, TNC and CT over the past three years of the EENT project
• TNC facilitated three meetings of NTRI partners to discuss the redesign of the EENT project
• TPW hosted a dialogue with four districts, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority, and TNC
to discuss progress, challenges and next steps in regard to rangeland management
• TPW and Bawakimo Women’s Association awarded 25 microgrants to women’s groups in Monduli
• Maliasili, UCRT, Honeyguide and TNC developed the WMA and Village Governance Index, and refined
and tested the WMA Management Index
• WCS and Carbon Tanzania are sharing information on wildlife sightings in Makame.
• WCS, Dorobo Fund, TNC, Oikos and TPW continue to collaborate through a rangeland working
group to share experience and develop systems for improved community rangeland monitoring and
data-driven decision-making
• WCS and UCRT have been collaborating in Terrat and Sukuro villages to enhance community
engagement in the work with VGS and rangeland regeneration experiments
• York University has been working with UCRT and TPW in the enclosure experiment treatments, to
ensure sharing of knowledge of rangeland management
• Pathfinder is implementing a program on the northern rangelands under the Evidence 2 Action
program, which complements the work of EENT; three family planning activities were conducted
• Facility supervisors - who will help in family planning interventions - were selected from health facilities
in the project area
• 40 Community Based Distributors (CBDs) were selected from 20 villages, in collaboration with the
village government; the CBDs were trained by CBD National Trainers (with input from the Ministry of
Health) on the provision of condoms and pills and referrals.
27
Policy and Governance Support Natural sources governance is central to EENT implementation and sustainability. Governance is also a
fundamental component of the EENT theory of change, which seeks to improve natural resource stewardship in
the northern Tanzanian rangelands through secure rights, governance, natural resource management, and
incentives for local stakeholders to engage in natural resource management. Highlights of governance related
activities include:
• Pathfinder spearheaded the formation of four major PHE zones in Tanzania; PHE actors from each
zone will meet to discuss progress and share information.
• UCRT and TNC facilitated consultations with Randilen WMA villages for input into the revised RZMP;
in Kiteto, UCRT facilitated a review and revision of Natural Resource by-laws of five villages in
Makame WMA with local authorities.
• UCRT provided conflict resolution training with authorities of Makame villages and the Randilen
WMA.
• Various manuals and indices have been updated, for example, the Good Governance Training Manual for
AA’s in Makame and Randilen WMAs.
• In Q4’s Holistic Rangeland Management program, district and ward officers will be engaged in the
program throughout.
• The establishment of a Stakeholder Forum will serve as a catalyst for multi-sector engagement of
regions, districts, and stakeholders to begin to coordinate and learn from each other, and influence
and implement policy that affect rangeland health and connectivity. Regional, district, and other
government stakeholders have shown enthusiastic support for this initiative.
Sustainability Some EENT activities inherently promote self-sustaining skills; other endeavors require time for sustainable
capacities and systems to evolve and will be negatively affected by early termination of the EENT project.
With respect to institutions for natural resources governance and management, sustainability
considerations include:
• Several northern WMAs demonstrate promise of full independence in the next few years. All activities
are measured to set up the conditions for operations to continue within reasonable revenues, and demonstrate benefits to communities
• Carbon Tanzania produced a ‘Carbon Finance Guidelines’ document for Makame WMA following
financial training
• UCRT helps to capacity-build local government institutions (e.g. land use planning committees), to
prepare them to function on their own. For example, in Q2, 408 participants from Simanjiro took part
in trainings on by-laws, establishing grazing calendars, conflict management, livestock and connected
wildlife migratory routes. Participants included grazing committee members, WRLF members and
traditional leaders
• Pathfinder’s integration of its programs into the district government framework supports sustainability,
for example, their work to facilitate community education on the CHF increases stakeholders’
awareness of and access to health benefits in the future
• Partners aim to make the Randilen and Makame WMAs financially independent by 2021. As a first
step, Honeyguide, TNC, and UCRT worked with Makame WMA to develop a five-year business plan
which will be part of the foundation of financial sustainability. In Q3, Honeyguide conducted a one-day
sustainability workshop for Authorized Association members and Randilen WMA’s senior
management and Board of Trustees; this led to the board’s decision to allocate at least 10% of WMA’s
annual budget as investment funds that will be used to attract matched donor investments
• Honeyguide shared the results of a HWC assessment with Randilen WMA so that villagers would
understand the cost of running the program; the villages and the WMA contributed 50% of the cost in
Q3.
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Sustainability considerations related with livelihood include:
• People in Monduli district were trained in meat drying and utilization of a meat dryers - skills that once
learnt, can be retained and disseminated.
• For women’s beekeeping, TPW is handing many of the responsibilities over to the women and will
continue until they have the skills to monitor and harvest they own hives and maintain appropriate
records.
• Women and youth who completed Marketplace Literacy training have received life-long skills; the fact
that trainers are also community members increases the chances of information being shared in the
communities.
• Improvement of women’s leatherwork skills may be negatively impacted by early termination of the
Oikos grant because skills in leatherwork, finance and business take time to evolve. In Q2, a new shop
was opened at the Randilen gate for the Mswakini women’s group to sell their leather goods. Oikos is
looking for ways to support the group until they are fully self-reliant.
Environmental Compliance TNC follows all guidelines set forth in the Cooperative Agreement regarding environmental compliance. Updates
include:
• Q2: Approval of environmental screening was obtained from USAID for the dam renovation in Ngoley
and a livestock trough project in Loisborsiret; these activities were categorized as very low risk
• Q3: Oikos completed renovations of the Mswakini Chini leather workshop; the renovation was
categorized as very low risk.
Global Climate Change
The Climate Vulnerability Assessment conducted in Y1 projected a number of changes, particularly in
temperature and rainfall. Indications project more rainfall each year, but that it will fall in a shorter period of
time. The dry season will be longer, drier, and more extreme. Farming and pastoralism will become more
unpredictable and water shortages and grassland productivity may be affected. In Y3, activities were cut that
related directly to developing local strategies for climate change adaptation, but many if not all other activities
implemented under the EENT indirect relate to global climate change, addressing adaptation, risk reduction, and
resilience building at village and household level. For example,
• Meat drying activities increase the resilience of pastoralist communities by extending the lifespan of
meat and making it available at times of scarcity; the process also has a very small carbon footprint,
being entirely run by naturally drying the mean under the sun.
• Supporting COCOBA savings, leathercraft, and beekeeping microenterprises, and reducing the
economic cost of wildlife through crop protection and livestock protection efforts, the program
reduces risk and supports households to develop economic safety-nets.
• WCS’s and University of York enclosure experiments will provide insights into rangeland resilience
and measures for restoring degraded rangelands to improve the ability of rangelands to provide
ecosystem services.
• Community-driven rangeland monitoring enables villages to make real-time decisions regarding grazing
management so that they can respond quickly to climate-driven droughts or other conditions leading
to land degradation.
• Developing grazing calendars, natural resource bylaws, and reciprocal grazing agreements EENT built
the capacity of village institutions to control limited resources and build reciprocal reliance network
for community members.
• The development of the RZMP, through which the Tanzanian government allows communities to use
natural resources found on their lands; this planned approach ensures resource use is sustainable.
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• Honeyguide’s support in the Randilen WMA to strengthen managed grazing systems helps secure
healthy and connected rangeland; this is essential to climate change resilience of natural and human
communities.
• Carbon Tanzania completed the REDD+ Project Description which will serve as a guiding document
for the next 30 years.
• In Q4, the focus on healthy rangelands and improved grazing calendars in the communities will ensure
resilience of grassland and healthy cattle. This in turn will contribute to increased resilience of
extended households.
Private Sector Engagement EENT and its partners continue to engage with local stakeholders, both in implementing USAID-funded activities
and in ensuring that government, NGO, and community stakeholders have project results and products in hand
for decision making and use. Developments include:
• Investors in the Randilen and Makame WMAs were involved in the RZMP review process
• The Mswakini Chini women’s group was linked to Tanzania Maasai Women Art Ltd, a local and
international distributor of handicrafts; the group also received an order from a tour operator in
Arusha
• Honeyguide facilitated meetings with tourism investors in Randilen WMA; these meetings address
infrastructure development and future investments by private sector partners. Topics covered during
the meeting included the progress of the Randilen airstrip, and dry season road repairs.
• Once certified, the Makame REDD+ project will provide a link through Carbon Tanzania between the
private sector voluntary carbon market and communities generating payments for ecosystem services
from forest protection.
Science and Technology EENT and its partners continue to trial and implement technologies that support program outcomes by
improving efficiency and effectiveness. The partnership is also committed to using science to generate information
and develop strategies.
• SMART law enforcement monitoring continues to be successfully implemented by VGS in Sukuro,
Terrat, Loiborsiret villages and Randilen WMA. Makame WMA were introduced to SMART software
through training and exposure through joint and special patrols.
• TPW and Honeyguide continue to promote simple Human Wildlife Conflict technologies to reduce
incidents of conflict. Communities demonstrate high demand for these technologies, sharing the
upfront costs and actively engaging in program maintenance.
• Open Data Kit (ODK) continues to be used for monitor grasslands, and human wildlife conflict. This
enables rapid feedback of data, and improved data quality
• In phase one, the project struggled to dedicate sufficient human resources to implement a shared data
management system for NTRI partners using DHIS2 software. Under the revised project EENT plans
to develop a shared dashboard, resource sharing hub, and data sharing mechanism, and DHIS2
software will continue to play an important roll in achieving the information management needs of the
partnership.
• In Y3, Pathfinder successfully configured and deployed a KoBo Toolbox technology to assess
expansion of model bomas in target communities.
• The governance assessment toolbox developed for UCRT to monitoring village and WMA governance
includes a set of questions for sms monitoring based on key informant responses. This tool needs to
be trialed.
• Oikos trialed a number of prototypes of passive solar driers to dry meat. The results of assessments
was compiled in a simple comparative analysis of utility and costs. Oikos have since trained community
30
members to sun-dry meat and produced and distributed 30 meat driers that can serve multiple
households.
• The camera trap survey for Makame was the first such investigation for the WMA and identified two
new mammal species for the area. The analysis used Wild.ID software to extract and analyze camera
trap photos
Stakeholder Participation and Involvement EENT and its partners continue to engage with local stakeholders through planning, implementation, and
sharing results of USAID-funded activities.
At village level EENT partners work directly with traditional leaders, village members, Village Councils,
Women’s Rights and Leadership Forums, and grazing/CCRO committees.
At ward level EENT partners work with Ward Development Councils, Ward Land Tribunals, and Ward
grazing committees
At District level, EENT partners work through a liaison and communicate results to the District
Executive Director and District Commissioners. Key departmental staff are invited and encouraged to
participate in implementation
EENT is increasingly engaging with other non-governmental stakeholders in the landscape working on
similar work. The establishment of a stakeholders’ forum in Q4 will be a prime focus during Phase Two
of the project to work ensure Regional oversight and reporting down to districts and upward to
Ministry and national levels.
MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIE ISSUES Management and Administrative issues in Project Year 3 were predominated by the notification of
partial termination received on December 8 2017. This required a revision of the Program Description,
budget reduction, and termination of subawards by March and June 2018 (depending on the specific
organization). By June 2018, TNC closed-out all subawards after submission, review and approval of all
requirements and obligations. As part of close out, subawardees satisfactorily submitted deliverables and
USAID information sharing requirements, including submission of all publications, data, and metadata as
required to meet the Standard Provisions. These include: submissions for upload to the Development
Experience Clearinghouse (DEC), submission of datasets for upload to the Development Data Library
(DDL), and submission of data on exchange visitors and participant training to the Training Results and
Information Network (TraiNet). TNC is working on uploading the necessary information to these
portals.
A revised staffing and management plan was submitted in association with the project redesign and is
summarized in the Y4 work plan. EENT is currently recruiting for three positions and continues to
operate on a skeleton staff until new staff members are in place.
TNC looks forward to USAID’s feedback on the revised EENT Year 4 work plan, revised project
Monitoring Evaluation and Learning (MEL) plan, Environmental Monitoring and Mitigation plan, and
Y3Q3 report.
31
MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND LEARNING EENT MEL Plan
Following the early termination of subgrants and the revision to the overall structure of the project,
TNC drafted and submitted on 28th September 2018 a new Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL)
Plan that supports the revised project. This new MEL Plan replaces the previous plan approved under
phase I of the project for the period of September 2015 through June 2018.
The new MEL plan retains measures for Life of Project (LOP) achievements and proposes PY4 and PY5
indicators and targets. Measures no longer part of the revised program activities will no longer be
monitored. New MEL components are incorporated to respond to the project’s revised theory of
change and results framework which place greater emphasis on stakeholder engagement among NTRI
partners and external stakeholders, with select field-based activities that provide the basis for learning
and scaling up efforts that support health and connectivity of rangelands.
PY3 indicator reporting is based on adjusted target values presented in Annex II of the PY3 Quarter 3
Report. These revised values clarify inconsistencies in targets for Y3 between the original MEL Plan, the
Y3 Work Plan approved before the revised design, and the Q2 Report. Specifically, the EENT Phase I
MEL Plan was first submitted in January 2016 and approved in February 2017 (Y2Q2). In the Y3 Work
Plan, some indicator targets were adjusted for Y3. The Y3 Work Plan was approved before USAID
issued a partial termination and requirement to redesign the EENT project. Following the partial
termination, three indicator targets were adjusted in the Y3Q2 Report. TNC sought approval for the
LOP targets and Y3 targets in a Y3Q3 Report Annex II. Actuals were not used as a basis for target
revision.
Institutional monitoring
In PY1 EENT developed an assessment tool and conducted a baseline institutional assessment for five
community institutions; two WMAs executive committees and three CCROs committees. This was
intended to be the first of a series of annual assessments for institutions supported by the project to
measure institutional capacity improvements.
As reported in Y1, the results seemed heavily influenced by the level of institutional awareness, that is,
those with less training in institutional development ranked themselves higher than they actually were.
TNC decided to discontinue this approach because of this limitation and due to the high level of effort
required to implement the tool for the growing number of institutions supported by the project.
In Y2 the EENT project developed a village governance assessment tool for implementation by UCRT
and a WMA management index tool for implementation by Honeyguide. These tools were finalized but
their implementation was affected by the early termination in Y3.
As a result of these challenges, EENT did not report against institutional indicators in Y1 and Y2. Under
the revised design, and for reporting on Y3 achievements TNC has compiled a tracking tool based on
demonstrated achievement of milestones since the beginning of the project to retroactively assess
improvement over the life of the project. This is based on a set of verifiable milestone metrics, some of
which are selected from the existing management and governance tools. This method will allow more
frequent tracking of verifiable achievements by institutions.
DHIS2 data management system
To date, WCS, TPW, Honeyguide, and UCRT report on six monitoring datasets: land use plans tracking,
CCROs tracking, governance and natural resource trainings, landscape scale wildlife transects, and
32
patrol effort and results. A selection of analytical tables and maps are in use to visualize results, but
information sharing and reporting is not yet fully functional. In phase one, the project struggled to
dedicate sufficient human resources to implement a shared data management system for NTRI partners
using DHIS2 software. While we have made progress on developing a foundational set of data entry
programs and reporting outputs, the full communication and reporting functionality is not yet realized.
Under phase two EENT plans to develop a shared dashboard, resource sharing hub, and data sharing
mechanism.
Data Development Library, TriaNet, Development Experience Clearinghouse
TNC has been working to collect and organize datasets for uploading to the Data Development Library,
submission of training data to the TraiNet portal, and compilation and cleaning of publishable resources
for the Development Experience Clearinghouse.
IPRS reporting
With USAID permission, updating of the TNC indicators and targets in the Implementing Partner
Reporting System (IPRS) was deferred until the indicators and targets were set for the revised EENT
project. At the time of drafting this report, TNC proceeded to work with D4D to update Y3 targets
based on adjustments proposed in Annex II of the EENT Q3 report and is entering Y3 indicator values
accordingly. Y4 indicators will be entered following USAID approval of the new project MEL plan.
Lessons Learned
For the Y3Q3 report which signaled the end of EENT Phase I, TNC requested implementing partners to
reflect on progress and challenges under the EENT program over the three years and to document
lessons learned. Each partner organized an internal meeting for project staff to reflect on a set of guiding
questions. These reflections were compiled and shared in the Y3Q3 Report.
USAID MEL workshop
USAID convened two tri-annual Development Objective (DO) 2 M&E meetings in Y3:
- In response to competing priorities related to partial termination and redesign of the EENT
project, the MEL Specialist was excused from sending a representative to the 9th DO2 M&E
meeting on "Working with Local Government Authorities (LGAs) in Monitoring and Evaluation"
that was held on 28th February 2018 – 2nd March 2018 at Flomi hotel in Morogoro.
- The EENT MEL Specialist attended the 10th M&E Meeting that will be held in Mtwara from 27th -
29th June 2018. The theme for the meeting was “Collaboration, Learning, Adaptation and
Sustainability of DO2 Activities: the roles of MEL Specialists”.
Key monitoring tools
In Y3 EENT developed a number of key monitoring tools that will be incorporated into partner internal
monitoring systems and play an important role in measuring NTRI performance moving forward:
- With support from Maliasili and technical advice from TNC, Honeyguide developed an
overarching monitoring and evaluation tool. This tool improves Honeyguide’s ability to gather
and synthesize data to demonstrate results of its 2017-2021 Strategic Plan targeting WMAs
through five programs; Protection, Human-Wildlife Conflict Mitigation, Management &
Governance, Tourism development, and community Awareness.
- In connection with Honeyguide’s overarching monitoring system, Honeyguide developed a
WMA management index tool to measure progressive achievement of key management
milestones using a rubric matrix. Maliasili and TNC supported the process in consultation from
other partners and the tool was piloted in Randilen WMA in the first and second quarter.
- Maliasili supported UCRT to develop a governance index tool which will help UCRT assess
Village and WMA level governance milestones. The tool has three components: (I) WMA
33
governance milestones rubrics, (II) Village institution governance rubrics and (III) Village
governance activity tracking to be administered through periodic SMS surveys of key informants.
TNC in collaboration with Maliasili will continue to support operationalizing these tools with
UCRT and Honeyguide.
Key landscape ecological studies completed
In Y3, WCS, in collaboration with TAWIRI and the University of York completed number of ecological
studies that will serve as important baseline references informing the NTRI monitoring, evaluation and
learning:
- An Assessment of Mammal Diversity and Abundance in Makame Wildlife Management Area
(WMA) by Camera Trap Survey
- Quantifying rangeland condition in the Tarangire-Manyara ecosystem
- Abundance and Distribution of Large Ungulates in the Tarangire-West Kilimanjaro Ecosystem:
An Analysis of Five Ground Counts from 2016–2018
- An Assessment of the Distribution and Abundance of Large Carnivores in the Tarangire-West
Kilimanjaro Ecosystem using Spoor Counts.
Partners also completed a number of other local level analyses for datasets collected over the course of
the project including:
- Human wildlife conflict analysis for carnivores (TPW)
- Wildlife Monitoring Abundance and Trends (TPW)
- Rangeland monitoring Data summary (TPW)
- Exploring the Effect of Rangeland Degradation on Soil Microbial Communities in Northern
Tanzania (York)
- Rangeland regeneration in Northern Tanzania: monitoring of experimental enclosures (phase
one) (York)
- Quarterly Human Wildlife Conflict Monitoring Reports (Honeyguide)
- Quarterly Reports on anti-poaching as powered by SMART. (Honeyguide, TPW, WCS)
Communication
The State of Rangelands Report for NTRI now titled Rangelands in Transition is in draft, and Maliasli is
being contracted to finalize this report. TNC will support this produce by compiling important missing
data on threats and negative trends as well as compelling statistics and evidence that demonstrates high
level outcomes toward achieving our shared vision. This document represents the first of an intended
series of biennial reports presenting the changing state of the northern rangelands, and highlighting
solutions to addressing key challenges, and demonstrating NTRIs progress toward achieving its overall
outcomes.
In Q3, a success story was prepared regarding the collaborative effort of partners in the Makame WMA.
An infographic was prepared that highlights clearly to policy makers the importance of allowing WMAs
to retain more of their revenue. The infographic was disseminated to national advocacy partners.
TNC is in the process of recruiting a Communications Specialist, who will lead the design and
implementation of an NTRI/EENT Communications Strategy.
Data Quality Assessments
No data quality assessments were conducted project year 3.
34
SPECIAL EVENTS FOR NEXT QUARTER TNC, in consultation with other NTRI partners and RAS offices of Arusha and Manyara, will coordinate
the next meeting of the Stakeholder Forum on Healthy, Connected Rangelands 27-28 November.
A presentation on USAID funding to Northern Tanzania was accepted to the TNC bi-annual science
meeting 13-15 November 2018. This will focus on lessons learned from USAID investment in Northern
Tanzania regarding climate change preparedness for institutions that govern natural resources.
TNC will offer a brown bag presentation to the USAID/Washington biodiversity team 19 November
2018.
HOW IMPLEMENTING PARTNR HAS ADDRESSED AOR COMMENTS FROM THE LAST QUARTERLY REPORT No comments were received on the previous quarterly report.
35
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Budget Category (based on approved project budget)
Obligated Budget
Cumulative Expenses through Y3Q3
Expenses for reporting quarter
Budget Balance
Personnel 846,849
390,075
65,816
456,774
Fringe Benefits 499,722
232,068
16,715
267,655
Travel 73,634
37,217
3,613
36,418
Equipment & Supplies 129,867
120,875
4,915
8,992
Communication 12,092
5,984
1,197
6,108
Contractual 926,669
551,048
16,725
375,621
Sub-awards 4,988,477
4,556,626
516,585
431,852
Other Direct Costs 216,822
50,245
11,643
166,577
Indirect Costs 1,703,868
1,298,230
141,306
405,638
FEDERAL Share Amount 9,398,002
7,242,367
778,513
2,155,635
Non-Federal Share Amount (COST SHARE)
939,800
723,855
119,606
215,945
TOTAL ACTIVITY AMOUNT
10,337,802
7,966,223
898,119
2,371,579
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Annex I: Table of plans vs. achievements EENT Phase One, Year 3 (Quarters 1-3) This table assesses deliverables and outputs of the year 3 work plan vs. achievements. In Y3 Q1
USAID required that the EENT project be redesigned and subawards be terminated by the end
of Q2 or Q3 (depending upon the specific subaward). Consequently, some planned Y3 activities
were not completed (NC).
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
Sub-IR 1.1 Deliverables and outputs for Year 3
Training manual on WMA vision, mission and governance structures with five related Makame training reports and participant lists by March 31, 2018. (Activity 1.1.1)
Q3 Existing training resources used for training
Makame WMA communities and implementing partner organizations have a consensus-based plan that clearly documents the specific community needs in order to develop their WMA-wide strategic and business plans (Activity 1.1.4) Makame WMA “Needs Assessment” final report by October 2017 (Activity 1.1.4)
Q3
Translated in English and Swahili and also known as Conservation Action Plan
Communities of Makame WMA generate (develop) a strategic plan that aligns with their needs together with the support of collaborating organizations (Activity 1.1.4) Strategic plan for Makame WMA by March 31, 2018 (Activity 1.1.4)
Makame WMA Business Plan
2019-2023 final draft presented
to WMA Q3
Business plan contains strategies to ensure its sustainability.
Communities of Makame WMA have a comprehensive business plan that provides clear guidelines and goals to approach implementation of various WMA activities that meet their predetermined needs. (Activity 1.1.4) Makame WMA will have a stronger revenue base, a deeper understanding of their funding streams and a plan to guide future investment options. (Activity 1.1.4) Partners and investors will have a clear understanding of the sustainability of the Makame WMA and the security of their long-term investments. (Activity 1.1.4) Makame WMA will be able to manage the expenses of the WMA according to a five-year plan and benchmark it against the forecasted expected revenues. (Activity 1.1.4) Business plan for Makame WMA by April 30, 2018 (Activity 1.1.4)
UCRT has in place the tools to assess the level of good governance attained in WMAs and other governance institutions. (Activity 1.1.5)
Q2 Tool completed implementation
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Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
Deliverable WMA Governance Index Tool by June 30, 2018 (Activity 1.1.5)
required
A study tour report showing lessons learned from successful conservancies in Kenya for Randilen WMA manager by March 30, 2017 (Activity 1.1.6) A study tour to other conservation areas will improve the capacity of the Randilen WMA manager to understand conservation and enable the management to engage in the development of a management index. (Activity 1.1.6)
Q2
Study tour report, showing lesson from Maasai Mara Conservancies in Kenya; Mara North & Naboisho
The development of a management index will provide the framework for the Randilen and WMA management teams to understand their shortfalls; will form an important link to Honeyguide’s overarching Monitoring and Evaluation System; and will support reporting needs for EENT by creating a tool that enables Honeyguide and other EENT partners to monitor and record changes in the management capacity of WMAs. (Activity 1.1.6) Management index tool developed by May 15, 2018 (Activity 1.1.6)
Q1 Refined version completed in Q2
Management audit report for Randilen and Makame WMA by June 15, 2018 (Activity 1.1.6)
Q2
Randilen WMA assessed using management index in Q3
Training program for management developed according to the shortfalls identified in the management index audit by July 30, 2018. (Activity 1.1.6)
Q3
Randilen WMA management capacity development plan 2018-19
Makame Carbon finance handbook: (dealing solely with carbon revenues accruing to the Makame WMA) -- a single document to be produced in three languages (English, Kiswahili and Maa) presenting the financial accountability of the WMA AA, management and village government to ensure equitable revenue sharing of carbon revenues by March 31, 2018. (Activity 1.1.8)
Q2 Makame Carbon Finance Guidelines
Carbon Champions assessment report (December 2017): full assessment report on the Y2 “Carbon Champions” program (1.1.8)
Q2
Social Impact Assessment section of the Project Document, required for the internationally recognized certification of the Makame Masailand Carbon Partnership REDD+ project by December 31, 2017 (Activity 1.1.9)
Q2
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Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
Revised training manual on conflict resolution and activity report from Randilen training by June 30, 2018. (Activity 1.1.10)
Q1
WMA guidelines and best practice approaches to conflict resolution in Northern Tanzania in Swahili
Randilen WMA Resource Zone Management Plan in English and Kiswahili, including detailed workshop results, maps and key recommendations [bound copies of the plan distributed to every village (1 each), WMA Office (8 copies) and District (5 copies)] by March 31, 2018. (Activity 1.1.12)
Q3
A revised Randilen WMA RZMP and map that will be used to provide important guidelines on resource allocation and utilization by Randilen WMA, the communities and stakeholders. This document will also incorporate important upgrades and facilities development on the WMA that will aim to enhance tourism income for communities. (Activity 1.1.12) Randilen WMA map [including 16 copies printed on hard plastic and distributed to WMA villages, WMA Office and District] by March 31, 2018. (Activity 1.1.12)
Q3
Renewed Randilen WMA User Rights Certificate issued by Wildlife Division by April 15, 2018. (Activity 1.1.12)
Q4
Activity report with participant list from Makame WMA board training by June 30, 2018. (Activity 1.1.13)
Q3 Participant Lists at UCRT
Minutes, activity reports and participant list from Makame WMA review of natural resource bylaws by 30 September 2018. (Activity 1.1.14)
Q2/Q3 Minutes at Village, Participant Lists at UCRT
Makame WMA effectively and successfully utilizing its newly approved natural resource bylaws, following training and the review of these bylaws by 200 WMA members (Activity 1.1.14) Approved resource use bylaws for five Makame villages by 30 September 2018 (Activity 1.1.14)
Q3
Sub-IR 1.1 Expected outputs on successful implementation in Y3
170 WMA AA and board members trained in good governance for three days using new manual [80 Makame actors; 90 Randilen actors] (Activity 1.1.5)
Q2 & Q3
75 Makame actors plus 40 representatives per 5 villages, and 48 Randilen actors
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Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
Ongoing training for the accountants of the Randilen WMA and Makame WMA will improve their ability to be able to apply for and manage sub-grants, including complying with USAID requirements and those of other donors. (Activity 1.1.6) Continued strengthening and capacity development of the manager and accountant in Randilen WMA using the work plans and budgets will (1) improve general day-to-day operations of the Randilen WMA and (2) provide the framework for WMA management to implement and report activities within the work plan to the board. (Activity 1.1.6)
Q1, Q2, Q3
120 WMA members aware of their rights and laws and policies relating to conflict resolution mechanisms and arbitration via training in conflict resolution: 40 Randilen WMA AA members (five from each of the eight villages), 40 Village Council and tribunal members (five from each village), 20 women and 20 youth representatives from all villages. (Activity 1.1.10) Randilen AA and board members attain improved skills on conflict resolution related to land and contracts (Activity 1.1.10) Members from all villages are involving their VC and VGA in decision-making quarterly, as is required by law (Activity 1.1.10)
Q2 63 Randilen representatives trained
WMA residents from 5 villages, councils, WRLFs, Carbon and PHE Champions (150 total) have increased understanding of WMA vision, mission and structures and greater engagement with WMA leadership. (Activity 1.1.1) Transparency and communication on WMA governance is enhanced as VCs share WMA mission, structures and NRM agendas in VGA meetings. (Activity 1.1.1)
Q3 151 participants trained total
Improved day-to-day operations of the Makame WMA due to application of new management and administration systems, including work plans, budgets and general tools to improve staff capacity and strengthen their ability to report to their board. (Activity 1.1.6)
NC
Not fully implemented in Makame due to partial termination
Investments in the Makame WMA office equipment will improve the WMA capacity to operate professionally. (Activity 1.1.6)
Q3
Enhanced performance of the “Carbon Champions” program and increased opportunities for replication in other areas based on the comprehensive assessment and analysis of the champions’ methodology. (Activity 1.1.8)
Q2
40
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
Increased transparency, equity and completeness of the financial accountability of the WMA AA, management and village government positions the WMA for equitable revenue sharing of future carbon revenues. (Activity 1.1.8)
Q1
86 WMA stakeholders will have increased understanding of and capacities for WMA governance and management under the new constitution, including five traditional leaders, five women, three ward councilors, three WMA leaders, ten board members and 60 AA members. Of these, there will be 30 women and 56 men. Carbon and PHE Champions are included also. (Activity 1.1.13) WMA leaders are effectively and successfully managing Makame WMA. (Activity 1.1.13)
Q3
Sub-IR 1.2 Deliverables and outputs for Year 3
Training manual on improved communication techniques for local youth and women engaged in NR management by October 31, 2017 (Activity 1.2.5)
Y2Q4
Training activity report and participant lists by March 31, 2018 (from training on improved communication) (Activity 1.2.5) Training manual on communication techniques for youth and women adopted by UCRT (Activity 1.2.5)
Q1 Existing UCRT training manual use
Training manual on good governance and financial management by November 30, 2017 (Activity 1.2.8)
Q1 Existing UCRT training manual use
Activity report with training participant list by November 30, 2017 (Activity 1.2.8)
Q1
41
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
222 women and male youth are aware of laws and policies governing NR management and are part of ensuring that the local governing bodies are accountable to their communities (Activity 1.2.9) Training manual for women and youth on transparency and accountability in natural resource management and benefits, particularly related to land use planning and CCRO application; with participant lists and activity report by February 28, 2018. (Activity 1.2.9) VGA minutes and reports include income and expenditure components and are presented to the community for enhanced transparency in governance (Activity 1.2.9)
Q2
Training of 213 community members made up of WRLFs, VCs representatives and youths in 6 villages Existing training manual use Village enforcement monitoring not systematically recorded to date, but built in to governance assessment toolkit
40 copies of the revised good governance training manual for CSOs printed in Swahili and available in English electronically; by March 30, 2018 (Activity 1.2.10) 1,000 handouts on good governance for WMA AA members in Swahili; by March 30, 2018 (Activity 1.2.10)
Q2
Wildlife Management Areas’ AA Governance Training
320 women, traditional leaders, VC representatives and youth are aware of different communication techniques in Monduli and Kiteto (Activity 1.2.5)
Q1
439 participants. This activity was conducted in Simanjiro and Kiteto before Y3
246 community members aware of good governance and basic financial management requirements for village councils and are aware of mechanisms to resolve land conflicts. (Activity 1.2.8) Bylaws are enforced as evidenced by the number of recorded fines, according to village governing bylaws and other recorded correspondences like letters to neighbors informing them about the annual grazing calendar. (Activity 1.2.8) Improved transparency and tracking of bylaw violations with Village Council minutes showing the amount collected as fines by the village and specific reasons for the fines. (For example in 2016 Namalulu collected total fines of 800,000 TSH. Knowing this baseline figure will help us know if violation is decreasing or increasing). (Activity 1.2.8) Number of recorded fines according to village governing bylaws and
Q1
484 community members trained in 6 villages Village enforcement monitoring not systematically recorded to date, but built in to governance assessment toolkit
42
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
other recorded correspondences such as letters to neighbors informing them about the annual grazing calendar indicate good governance and application of village NRM bylaws (Activity 1.2.8)
Different Land use areas identified through signposts. (Activity 1.2.8) Q1
Physical demarcation pipes placed in Loiborsiret CCRO and LUP sign posts in Loiborsiret, Loiborsoit A and Namalulu
Sub-IR 1.3 Deliverables and outputs for Year 3
Team-building workshop facilitated for WMA Policy Working Group; by March 31, 2018 NTRI policy reform agenda and minutes of two policy working group meetings by September 30, 2018 Minutes from quarterly meetings to establish specific challenges and solutions with emphasis on policy priorities for northern Tanzania WMAs; by December 15, 2017, March 30, 2018, June 30, 2018, and September 30, 2018 (Activity 1.3.7) Advocacy and lobbying plan in place for northern Tanzania WMA’s key priority issues; by June 30, 2018 (Activity 1.3.7) Clearly articulated policy reform agenda by NTRI partners Collaborations with key national networks and other actors CWMAC northern chapter members trained on advocacy (Activity 1.3.7); EENT table says ‘strengthen sustainability of WMAs in northern TZ with a forum for shared experiences, learning and advocacy (using CWMAC Northern Tanzania WMA forum) Clearly articulated joint advocacy agenda by northern WMAs (Activity 3.1.7) Evidence-based and locally rooted policy reform agenda; coordination mechanisms in place for collaborating with key national actors, networks and associations on wildlife and tourism policy and governance reform priorities. (Activity 1.3.2)
NC
Activity cut due to partial termination. TNRF to convene working group
43
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
Key data collected on wildlife and tourism revenues and local returns in WMAs and other village lands in project area made available to all NTRI-EENT partners and other identified stakeholders. (Activity 1.3.5)
Q2
Infographic WMAs Matter produced and disseminated by advocacy partners
Sub-IR 2.1 Deliverables and outputs for Year 3
Monthly wet season abundance estimates of large ungulates by July 15, 2018 (Activity 2.1.2)
Q3
Monthly dry season abundance estimates of large ungulates by December 15, 2018 (Activity 2.1.2)
Q3
Maintain a scientifically rigorous wildlife monitoring system across the EENT area of operation to determine wildlife populations and wildlife trends, including conducting a camera trap survey in Makame WMA (Activity 2.1.1)
Q1 Added from the EENT table of activities
Emergent trends in density and abundance of large ungulates, (including comparative analysis of 2016-2018 data) by December 15, 2018 (Activity 2.1.2)
Q3
Summary of large carnivore presence using maps and tabular formats (due by October 15, 2018), comparing across project years, and as part of an overall annual conflict report (see Activity 2.3.1) summarizing level of conflict and actions taken throughout the year. (Activity 2.1.3)
Q3
Training report: Training VGS on distance sampling for MRV (Activity 2.1.5)
Q2
Having basic monitoring in place for both habitats and wildlife species is a requirement to enable access to carbon credits SMART system being set up for distance sampling transects in Makame WMA and collated with Honeyguide planned introduction of SMART Enhanced ability of the VGS groups from each village within the Makame WMA to conduct distance sampling and an understanding of how this data can be reported using the SMART system. An estimate of the distribution and index of abundance of the assemblage of medium and larger mammals (approximately Hyrax size and above) in the Makame WMA will be produced in Y3 Q2, and updated annually
Q2
REDD Project monitoring Distance sampling dropped from transect protocol, and use of SMART introduced but not fully implemented
44
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
VGS understanding the distance sampling technique used by WCS to provide basic information on wildlife trends within Makame WMA. Training report: Introducing VGS to SMART and linking the platform with distance sampling (Activity 2.1.5)
Monthly SMART reports produced detailing patrol work done and area covered by VGS, and including wildlife counts. Quarterly summary information produced on patrol hours and distance covered both for monitoring and for anti-poaching work.
Q1, Q2, Q3
2018 Report showing the distribution and index of abundance of all recorded mammal species within the Makame WMA, with comparative reference to the 2017 survey results.
Q3
A database with all photo record information and with links to the digital photos updated from the 2017 survey records. (Data analysis can take up to 4 months; the report and completed database will be produced by February 2019.)
Q3
Quarterly reports on Anti-poaching effort and results generated from SMART software by 15 Jan, 15 April, 15 July and 15 October 2018 (Activity 2.1.8)
Q3
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for Makame WMA game scouts will provide the basic framework the VGS and their daily activities. Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for Makame WMA game scouts (July 30, 2018)
NC
Activity cut due to partial termination In Y2 Makame Protection Plan 2017 2020 was completed
The implementation of phase 1 of antipoaching plan with the support of the new radio communications system and additional antipoaching presence in Makame WMA will provide a deterrent to poachers within Makame WMA. Radio communication network established within Makame WMA (April 15, 2018)
Q3
Quarterly comprehensive landscape reports on anti-poaching in WMAs as powered by SMART (by January 15, April 15, July 15, Oct 15, 2018)
Q1,Q2, Q3
Training report for VGS of the larger ecosystem trained on informer and intelligence gathering Makame, Burunge, Randilen and Manyara Ranch (by January 15, April 15, July 15, Oct 15, 2018)
NC Activity cut due to partial termination
45
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
Report of all monitored poaching court cases; ivory cases will be given priority over bush meat cases (April 15, July 15, Oct 15, 2018).
Q1
Quarterly reports on Anti-poaching effort and results generated from SMART software by 15 Jan, 15 April, 15 July and 15 October 2018 (Activity 2.1.8)
Q1, Q2, Q3
Resident wildlife populations in Terrat and Sukuro either stable or increasing. Monthly abundance estimates of large ungulates in Simanjiro plains (Activity 2.1.2)
Q3
Analysis of the February 2018 wet season wildlife ground count covering entire Taragire-West Kilimanjaro ecosystem - completed (Activity 2.1.1a)
Q3 Added directly from report
Comparative analyses of large ungulate distribution and abundance across the duration of the project, updating 2016 and 2017 reports (Activity 2.1.2)
Q3
Human Wildlife Conflict officers use carnivore presence data (monthly overviews of large carnivore presence in target villages) to determine real-time hotspots for conflict prevention activities at pasture and priority areas for Living Wall installations via an adaptive management framework. (Activity 2.1.3)
Q3
Increase in joint operations among Makame WMA and Randilen WMA VGS teams and higher-up government agencies and other protected areas (Manyara Ranch, Loiborsiret VGS, Tarangire National Parks, KDU, district wildlife officials) Increase with communications between Makame WMA and Randilen WMA VGS teams and higher-up government agencies (NTSCIU- Northern unit, Tarangire National Parks, KDU, district wildlife officials). VGS are aware of informer and intelligence handling tactics. There will be collaboration between inter-agency security units.
Q1, Q2, Q3
Makame Special patrol 14-day joint surveillance of Tarangire Manyara ecosystem during Christmas and New Year; patrol covered over 1,463km (Activity 2.1.9)
Continued Wildlife protection patrols across the 31,500 hectares of Randilen WMA leading into reduced or no poaching of elephants in the Randilen, reduced bush meat poaching and charcoal burning.
Q1, Q2, Q3
Effective patrols across 550 km2 around Loiborsiret; joint patrols and/or coordination with neighboring teams; rapid response to poaching incidents and habitat destruction; implementation of incentive system; improved skills and capacity of 7 VGS; monthly reports generated by SMART software. (Activity 2.1.8)
Q1, Q2, Q3
46
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
Sub-IR 2.2 Deliverables and outputs for Year 3
Three priority villages in Simanjiro continue with bee reserve implementation; Bee Association(s) registered; maps of proposed bee reserves created; amendment to VLUP to include bee reserves where required initiated. Note: establishment of bee reserves is dependent on a government process and approval and is not expected in Y3. (Activity 2.2.2) Registration of bee association(s) by October 15, 2018 (Activity 2.2.2)
NC Activity cut due to partial termination
Improved accountability in rangeland management and ensuring adherence to the seasonal grazing calendar and village bylaws within and outside of Randilen WMA. (Activity 2.2.5) Activity report and participant training list (women, youth and traditional leaders in rangeland management) by June 15, 2018 (Activity 2.2.5)
Q3 335 participants from 8 villages
A poster and decision support tool of northern Tanzania rangelands identifying additional priority areas for conservation due April 15, 2018 Land use map showcasing pasture connectivity across villages (soft copy) due February 28, 2018. (Activity 2.2.15) Land use map showcasing pasture connectivity across villages (Printed copies) due February 28th 2018. (Activity 2.2.15) A poster map of northern Tanzania rangelands showcasing unattained priority areas for conservation due May 31st 2018. (Activity 2.2.16) Northern Tanzania EENT working villages map showcasing critical unsecured wildlife corridors due August 31st 2018. (Activity 2.2.15) Communities and implementing partner organizations have printed maps for use in informing communities, districts and partners on connected pasture and grazing areas across villages. (Activity 2.2.15) EENT partner organizations will access informative maps for use in reporting work implementation to local communities, district officials and to USAID. (Activity 2.2.15) Improved awareness and protection of critical lands by communities and districts (Activity 2.2.16)
NC Implementation
begun Q3
Implementation begun. Designated grazing areas mapped, Activity continued in Y4
Training manual on carrying capacity, village approved bylaws, village land law and the Village Land Act
Q2 Land laws manual updated
Brief activity reports by community monitors on presentations to Q1, Q2, Q3
47
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
grazing and/or CCRO committees, providing information on grazing activities and rangeland quality in target areas October 15, 2018 (Activity 2.2.7) One sample presentation of information provided by community monitors Select different sample village each quarter. 15-Jan-2018, 15-Apr-2018, 15-Jul-2018, 15-Oct-2018 (Activity 2.2.7)
16 Rangeland monitors trained and supported in 8 villages in Simanjiro, Babati and Monduli; rangeland monitoring database maintained for grazing areas via ODK; Four rangeland management workshops (community level with district representation) establish each project with the selected village and assess mid-term progress; four community rangeland projects initiated. (Activity 2.2.8)
NC
Implementation in 3 villages support, Expansion cut due to partial termination
presentations by community monitors to grazing and/or CCRO committees provide information on grazing activities and rangeland quality in target areas; one district level workshop with the 3 pilot villages in Simanjiro, Babati and Monduli to establish cross-border information sharing. (Activity 2.2.7) Annual rangeland monitoring report showing map of monitoring area and key indicators of rangeland condition change October 15, 2018 (Activity 2.2.7)
Q1, Q2, Q3
Q3
Q3
TPW hosted a cross-district meeting on rangeland management. Babati, Monduli, Simanjiro, and Ngorongoro were in attendance and community leaders of 10 villages
Community applications for rangeland management project and final project reports 15-Oct-2018 (Activity 2.2.8) Two action plans for the rangeland management project 15-Jul-2018
Q2
One project funded: Loiborsiret livestock water trough
Training manual activity report, participant list shape files, maps by September 15, 2018 (Activity 2.2.10) 120 community members have been trained on the importance of CCROs that lead to the demarcation and certification of communal grazing land that will increase the mobility for livestock. (Activity 2.2.10) Three CCRO committees will be trained and functional. (Activity 2.2.10) VGA approve CCRO through village general assembly minutes. (Activity 2.2.10)
NC
Lemooti, Oldonyo, and Lengoolwa in Monduli will be targeted in Year 4 and 5
368 village members trained on the importance of establishment of Q3 Participants are 277
48
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
wider landscape agreements between villages to manage and protect cross-border grazing areas (144 women and 224 men including 46 participants per village [30 VC members, 11 CCRO Committee members, 5 Traditional leaders and 5 WRLF women]). (Activity 2.2.14) Signed joint landscape agreements (MOUs) in four villages to protect and maintain grassland connectivity and safeguard mobility by May 15, 2018 (Activity 2.2.14) (Simanjiro) Signed joint agreements in place in the four villages upon agreement by individual villages. (Activity 2.2.14) (Monduli) Training activity report on grassland connectivity and cross-border grazing areas (with participant lists) by March 30, 2018 (Activity 2.2.14) Village meeting minutes documenting discussions and grazing agreements. 30th March 2018 (Activity 2.2.14) Increased livestock mobility (Activity 2.2.14)
in 5 Simanjiro villages, though MoUs not finalized 506 participants in 5 Monduli villages. Two agreements signed by Lemooti and Mswakini ward villages.
Lolkisale declined to sign
Training manual (Activity 2.2.17), participant lists, activity report, grazing calendar. Activity report with participants list of training on management of CCRO grazing areas by August 31, 2018 (Activity 2.2.17) CCRO grazing calendars by August 31, 2018 (Activity 2.2.17)
Q2
Training a total of over 688 community members Grazing calendars produced
Map of Northern Tanzania EENT working villages showcasing EENT partner working villages for year 1, year 2 and year 3 due November 2017 (Activity 2.2.15)
Q3
Sub-IR 2.3 Deliverables and outputs for Year 3
Quarterly update of installation of Living Walls including GPS coordinates and number of households by 15 Jan, 15 Apr, 15 Jul, and 15 Oct 2018. (Activity 2.3.1)
Q2
Annual analysis of large carnivore-livestock conflict across target villages 15-Oct-2018 (Activity 2.3.1)
Q2
Quarterly monitoring reports on HWC during conflict period (by April 15, July 15, Oct 15, 2018)
Q2
HWC project areas have been surveyed to gather HWC implementation success data, opinions and perceptions Survey report for HWC survey conducted in project areas to gather HWC implementation success data, opinions and perceptions (October 15, 2018)
NC
49
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
Dissemination of at least 1,000 HWC best practices booklet developed in Y2 (by December 15, 2018)
Q3 130 disseminated
120 Living Walls across a maximum of 24 villages (to be determined by conflict data); training of 42 Human-Wildlife Conflict Officers; monthly records of large carnivore – livestock conflict in 24 villages; annual analysis of large carnivore-livestock conflict across target villages in Enduimet, Burunge/Manyara, Randilen, Natron and Simanjiro. (Activity 2.3.1)
Q1, Q2, Q3
179 Living Walls in 19 Villages, 28 conflict officers trained, analysis of livestock-carnivore conflict through the life of the project
Training of VGS Crop Protection community volunteers and distributing consumable toolkit provisions to ensure HWC village teams are ready to protect their crops during 2018 cropping season
Q2
No training conducted HWC tools provided 30 torches, 40 blowhorns, 120 copies of HWC booklet, 70 copies of HWC posters HWC needs assessment for Randilen
Data collection of all crop protection efforts and incidents to monitor impact and inform decisions.
Q3
HWC Monitoring Report during conflict period for Randilen and Burunge
New innovative crop protection ideas researched implemented NC
Sub-IR 3.1 Deliverables and outputs for Y3
A livestock-to-market initiative that adds value to sustainably produced livestock with a balanced pasture and carrying capacity. A marketing strategy is in place by the end of Y3.
NC
Sustained livestock production work that engages youth from EENT communities
NC
An improved balance between access to good quality pasture for livestock and wildlife in community areas.
NC
A livestock-to-market staff member employed by November 2017 Hire a livestock project manager (June 2018)
Q4 Grazing & Livestock manager hired Q4
50
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
Review and compile lessons on successes and failures of related livestock businesses in the grasslands of Kenya and Tanzania (January 2018)
NC
Hire a consultant to design conservation performance-based market mechanisms for livestock sellers and to draft a livestock business plan (January 2018)
NC
Design a monitoring and evaluation plan to track the environmental and social benefits of the livestock market for two pilot villages in priority grassland habitat (June 2018) (Activity 3.1.1)
NC
Compilation, preparation and submission of the PD to the Verified Carbon Standard combined with the Community, Conservation and Biodiversity Alliance (VCS-CCB) (Activity 3.1.2) VCS-CCB Project Description completed and submitted to VCS for Validation (Activity 3.1.2) Once fully implemented by the communities, the REDD+ program of activities will generated overall positive socio-economic as required by the REDD+ project process, reflecting the needs and wishes of the communities while also meeting the certification needs of the project itself. (Activity 1.1.9)
Q2
Draft submission of Project Description of the project for Makame REDD+ was completed.
Report by Carbon Tanzania detailing what actions and responses from the 30-day public consultation. This may be limited or may require significant work to address.
NC Activity cut due to partial termination.
Validation: conducted by a third party consultant (validator). Assuming that all the issues have been addressed by the communities and the project developer as identified in the draft report and public consultation (Deliverable 1/2 above), this final report will be the validated PD.
NC Activity cut due to partial termination.
Project Description for the Makame Masailand Carbon Partnership will lead to a clear roadmap for the implementation of the project. This is the guiding document for the carbon project in terms of management, monitoring and reporting of results, and the process itself (including the activities in Strategy / IR 1) leads to a full understanding of the responsibilities and roles of each actor in the project.
Q2
Full appreciation of any potential issues or omissions from the proposed project activities that could disqualify the project from obtaining VERs for sale in order to generate the revenue required to ensure long-term natural resource management in the Makame WMA.
NC Activity cut due to partial termination.
51
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
Randilen WMA and communities benefit from increased tourism income (Activity 3.1.3) Domestic tourism is promoted to Randilen WMA (Activity 3.1.3) Both residents from Randilen WMA member villages and Tanzanians in general are reached by a targeted marketing approach (Activity 3.1.3) Concept plan for the development of Maasai Cultural Heritage Center (Activity 3.1.3) Interpretive materials for Local Community Resource Center and Maasai Cultural Heritage Center (Activity 3.1.3) Marketing brochure for the Maasai Cultural Heritage Center (Activity 3.1.3) Business plan for the Local Community Resource Center (Activity 3.1.3) Marketing posters for Local Community Resource Center (Activity 3.1.3)
NC Activity cut due to partial termination.
Sub-IR 3.2 Deliverables and outputs for Y3
Expand women micro-enterprises for beekeeping businesses (where possible, targeting existing groups impacted by partners) and expansion of existing women’s beekeeping businesses via 40 to 60 start-up and enhancement grants in villages of Monduli and/or Simanjiro by 15 Oct 2018. (Activity 3.2.3) Summary of enhancement grant contracts to women’s groups for bee-keeping by 15 Oct 2018 (Activity 3.2.3)
Q3 Twenty-five 1.6 million Tsh microgrants
Annual report of honey revenue per group and type of support (with data regarding group membership) provided 15 Jan, 15 Apr, 15 Jul, and 15 Oct 2018. (Activity 3.2.4)
Q3
300 women will have completed the training in MPL in Kiteto district MPL training manuals utilized in Y2 will be reprinted by 1 October 2017 and distributed to each of the 300 Y3 MPL trainees by 15 December 2017.
Q1, Q2 384 completed the 5 day training
A user-friendly leather-tanning manual, to be translated in Kiswahili in Y2Q4, will be printed by 30 November 2017 and distributed in Y3. Leather artisans will receive 150 copies during the trainings. 50 copies will be distributed to partners and at government meetings, fairs and other promotional events.
Q1
Leather tanning in Swahili language has been printed in 160 and distribution is ongoing
A technical report on leather micro-tanneries and processing, identifying Q1
52
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
opportunities and business models, will be delivered in Y3Q1 by 15 December 2017. (A draft version of the report was submitted in Y2Q4).
Fifty women from Randilen WMA are able to run a leather handicraft production system, and know how to keep basic accounts. The Mswakini group works in collaboration with the twenty-five women and men from the Baraka group to produce leather of consistent quality for the national and international market and more in general with the cluster of tanneries in the landscape; these women previously participated in the MPL training A new tanning center is constructed in Mswakini Chini within 3 months from receiving the donor’s authorization to proceed.(Activity 3.2.2a)
Q3
Beehive database maintained with monthly records of weights, condition and health; mobile harvesting unit functioning; linkage to honey market established. (Activity 3.2.4)
Q1, Q2, Q3
Sub-IR 3.3 Deliverables and outputs for Y3
COCOBA sensitization reports from 20 villages produced by August 2018 NC
COCOBA members training reports in place at the end of each quarter Q1, Q2, Q3
Annual COCOBA assessment report in place by September 20th 2018 Q3
Increase accessibility to environmentally friendly, low cost services for COCOBA members (Activity 3.3.3) Catalogue of solutions to increase wellbeing of rural households by 15th of December 2017 (Activity 3.3.3)
NC Activity cut due to partial termination.
Ten (10) COCOBA groups will be formed between Oct – Nov 2017. Between Dec - Jan 2018 another group of 10 COCOBA will be formed. Between Feb - Mar 2018, the 3rd group of 10 COCOBA will established and between Apr - May 2018 another 4th round of 10 VSLs established. By the end of Sep 2018, a total of 40 COCOBAs will be in place (Activity 3.3.1a)
Q3 44 COCOBA groups formed
At least 19 COCOBA registered by Local Government in the project districts (Activity 3.3.1b)
Q3 19 Registration certificates
At least 20 out of 31 established COCOBA in Y2 initiate first round of loans with loan repayment rate of up to 80% (Activity 3.3.1b)
Q1, Q2, Q3
At least 15 COCOBA are sensitized on ICHF (Activity 3.3.1b) Q3
Three (3) COCOBA groups from Mswakini, Mswakini Juu and Naitolia buy crop protection kits (Activity 3.3.1b)
Q3
IR 3.4 Deliverables and outputs for Y3
53
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
PHE community sensitization reports in place each quarter Q1, Q2, Q3
Model boma recruitment reports in place each quarter Q1, Q2, Q3
Mobile assessment tool for model boma in place by 31 January 2018 40 PHE champions trained in mobile technology by December 2017 (Activity 3.4.1) 40 PHE volunteers continue to work in this landscape; pay for performance system continue; mapping of health services over the full project area
Q3
At least 300 model bomas have been recruited in 20 villages by September 2018 including 20 bomas with living walls (those having been already benefitted from services provided by TPW) (Activity 3.4.1)
Q3 366 model bomas have been recruited
Village leaders in 20 villages briefed on project purpose and progress through quarterly reports provided to them
Q1, Q2, Q3
26 energy saving stoves made (Activity 3.4.1) Q2
Sub-IR 4.1 Deliverables and outputs for Y3
Climate change adaptation strategies documented by community representatives, Districts and EENT partner organizations due April 30, 2018 (4.1.1)
NC Activity cut due to partial termination.
A compiled report on implementation of climate change mitigation measures from CCROs and WMAs in Monduli, Simanjiro and Kiteto Districts due September 1, 2018 (4.1.1)
NC Activity cut due to partial termination.
CCROs, WMAs of Randilen and Makame will have stronger and more efficient climate change adaptation strategies. (4.1.1) An enhanced climate change resilience in the CCROs and WMA of Monduli, Simanjiro and Kiteto Districts (4.1.1)
NC Activity cut due to partial termination.
All enclosures constructed and experimental treatments being applied as per the developed protocols. (4.1.3)
Q2
Sub-IR 4.2 Deliverables and outputs for Y3:
Climate change adaptation strategies from CCROs and WMAs are (revised) streamlined with Tanzania’s national climate change strategies and documented for use by community representatives, Districts and EENT partner organizations due June 30, 2018 (4.2.1) Commencement on implementation of climate change adaptation measures in CCROs and WMAs in Monduli, Simanjiro and Kiteto Districts due July 1, 2018 (4.2.1)
NC Activity cut due to partial termination.
54
Year 3 work plan goals Year 3 Accomplishments
Notes
CCROs, WMAs of Randilen and Makame will have stronger and streamlined climate change adaptation strategies. (4.2.1) Enhanced climate change resilience in the CCROs and WMA of Monduli, Simanjiro and Kiteto Districts (4.2.1)
55
Annex II: Success Story
Artisanal leather crafts in the Maasai Steppe: a unique and sustainable income
generating activity - Connecting women and wildlife.
Naisiriri Mungaya, a Maasai pastoralist mother of 5 and grandmother of 2, works deftly with her hands
on a brightly beaded leather keyring as she chats “When my husband and his second and third wife left a
couple of years ago, with all the livestock, I struggled to feed and educate my children on my own. My
first born has just graduated from school and would like to go to college but I can’t afford it right now.
My last born is about to start school.”
Naisiriri lives in Mswakini Chini, one of 8 villages making up the Randilen community Wildlife
Management Area (WMA), an expanse rich in wildlife in the Tarangire/Maasai Steppe ecosystem. The
WMA is on the main tourist highway to the iconic landscapes and parks of Northern Tanzania. Just over
a year ago Naisiriri joined a new initiative, the Mswakini Leather group, anxious to try and find a way to
pay for her children’s’ education and basic needs.
Through the Endangered Ecosystems Northern Tanzania project, USAID is supporting the Northern
Tanzania Rangelands Initiative (NTRI), a partnership of organizations working to protect connectivity of
8.7 million acres of rangelands essential to wildlife and communities’ livestock. The Randilen WMA is a
key component of this.
People need incentives to continue to support habitat conservation. In this landscape, one such
mechanism is the production of leather artisanal crafts which can be sold to wildlife tourists and
marketed abroad. Mswakini Chini is an ideal location because of its proximity to the entrance gate to
the WMA. The enterprise fits neatly into the village governments’ need to develop opportunities based
on available resources. Realizing the potential, the village leadership donated a building for the
workshop. NTRI partner Oikos now works closely with the pastoralist women; building their
confidence and promoting the conservation of natural resources through marketplace literacy, while
enhancing their traditional beading talents and helping them to transform local naturally tanned skins
into innovative, attractive merchandise.
Naisiriri sees the group as a major opportunity to help solve her education dilemma and is delighted to
learn.
“I remember the first day I tried to make a belt, I failed again and again, but on the second day I finally
succeeded, and then I sold it for $30! I’ve learned so much and my new skills have really helped me and
my children.”
Meeting every day and working with the women at the newly refurbished workshop, she no longer feels
alone in her struggle. “I’m so happy to get out and go somewhere to be with others. I’m not on my own
anymore and I can get support and help with the challenges of schooling my children.”
Other openings have also arisen for Nasiriri through her connection with USAID-funded activities. Last
year she joined a Community Conservation Bank (COCOBA) facilitated by NTRI partner Pathfinder
International. She took a loan of $100 to enable her son to finish school, and within the group the
women pool their funds and now have 14 goats between them. Naisiriri, with her new found self-
assurance is now the chairperson of the group, and is also a representative on the village council.
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With market opportunities afforded through orders from shops and lodges, and direct sales to tourists
visiting Randilen; Naisiriri sees a future for herself and for her friends that is inextricably linked to
wildlife.
“Randilen and the wildlife is a good thing for us.
The village gets money from the area through
tourism and has built us schools and a clinic.
Randilen has provided a space for us to sell our
leather crafts at the main tourism entry gate and
in the wet season our livestock graze there.”
NTRI partner Honeyguide has been building the
WMA’s ability to conserve habitat and attract
the tourists necessary to generate conservation
incentives.
Through her experience and being able to
provide for and educate her children, Naisiriri
understands the bigger picture of environmental
sustainability and of safeguarding rangelands.
“I feel good in myself, I see the business
potential and I want to grow this small
enterprise into something bigger.”
USAID’s EENT project which runs from 2015 to
2020, is a multi-actor and multi stakeholder
engagement initiative securing an ecologically
and economically thriving landscape supporting
both people and wildlife. With USAID support,
multiple NTRI partners each play a unique role
in supporting environmental and social sustainability that enables the success of the Mswakini leather
group, including Oikos, Pathfinder International, Honeyguide Foundation, TNC, as well as the Randilen
WMA and Mswakini Village government.
Naisiriri Mungaya. Photo credit: Sally Capper