NATURAL SPEECH & SPEECH EVENT

GROUP 13

ARIS NURACHMAN ( 1035511012 )

KUSDIANTO KUSUMA R. ( 1035511005)

Natural Speech

Natural speech is speech or languge that has evolved naturally as a means of communication among people. It can also be defined as a language used as a native tongue by a group of speakers. For example Madurese, Javanese, English, and many others.

The learning of one's own native tongue, typically that of one's parents, normally occurs spontaneously in early human childhood and is biologically, socially and ecologically driven. A crucial role of this process is the ability of humans from an early age to engage in speech repetition and so quickly acquire a spoken vocabulary from the pronunciation of words spoken around them.

This unique ability of communicating through a native speech clearly separate humans from all animals. The obvious question then arises, where did we obtain this distinctive trait? Organic evolution has proven unable to elucidate the origin of language and communication. Knowing how beneficial this ability is to humans, one would wonder why this skill has not evolved in other species. Materialistic science is insufficient at explaining not only how speech came about, but also why we have so many different languages.

Natural speech is the embodiment of human cognition and human intelligence. It is very evident that natural speech includes an abundance of vague and indefinite phrases and statements that correspond to imprecision in the underlying cognitive concepts.

Essential Concepts

- All speeches are systematic. They are governed by a set of interrelated systems that include phonology, graphics (usually), morphology, syntax, lexicon, and semantics.

- All natural speeches are conventional and arbitrary. They obey rules, such as assigning a particular word to a particular thing or concept. But there is no reason that this particular word was originally assigned to this particular thing or concept.

- All natural speeches are redundant, meaning that the information in a sentence is signaled in more than one way.

- All natural speeches change. There are various ways a language can change and various reasons for this change.

SPEECH EVENTS

A speech event is an activity in which participants interact

via language in some conventional way to arrive at some

outcome.

- may include one obvious central speech act

- may include other utterances leading up to and

subsequently reacting to that central action

A: Oh, Mary, I'm glad you're here.B: What's up?A: I can't get my computer to work. the request is the whole speech event,B: Is it broken? not a single speech act.A: I don't think so.B: What's it doing? \ no actual request is madeA: I don't know. I'm useless with computers.B: What kind is it?A: It's a Mac. Do you use them?B: Yeah.A: Do you have a minute?B: Sure.A: Oh, great- the question 'Do you have a minute?' could be characterized as a pre-request allowing the hearer tosay that she's busy or that she has to be somewhere else.- the response 'Sure' is taken to be an acknowledgement not only of having time available, but willingness to perform the unstated action