emotion expressions in commnication

8/14/2019 Emotion Expressions in Commnication

1/44

Ilo}aok Irvxiuuaoku

]bi jaxu} alvox}nk} gaj} jox wbaeb wi bnzi jacl }o }bnkd wnu ak n eix}nak uikui }bi

ximaueozixq oj }bi bylnk jnei+ Jacl bnu xizincim }o yu }bi bylnk jnei wa}b ykirnlvcim

ecnxa}q ak a}u }xngae nu wicc nu gxo}iu~yi# }bxin}ikakg nu wicc nu hciuuim irvxiuuaok+

]bi uieokm gaj} au }bn} oj zauync ilvn}bq0 ak }bi vyxiu} uikui }bi irvxiuuaokau}ae

xivxiuik}n}aok oj }boygb} vxoeiuuiu+ Ko cokgix wacc wi }ndi vnx} vyxicq ir}ixknccq ak }bi

woxdakgu oj }bi uoyc oj }bi ebnxne}ixu ak jacl+ Wi wacc ko cokgix cala} oyxuicziu }o

uiiakg }bi ijjie}u oj jiicakgu# hy} wacc irvixaikei }bil ak oyx owk uoycu# jxol }bi aku}nk}

oj }biax akeiv}aok ok# jxol }bi jaxu} jcnub oj }boygb} }bxoygb }o }bi cogaenc cnu} eokecyuaok

oj }bi amin+

,,Jxa}p Cnkga

Ebnxne}ix Ilo}aoku

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2/44

Lnkq eogka}azi jacl }bioxau}u bnzi nxgyim }bn} jacl nkm ilo}aok nxi ecouicq eokkie}im#

qi} }biq }ikm }o hi ak}ixiu}im loxi ak uvie}n}ox ilo}aoku }bnk ak ebnxne}ix ilo}aoku#

ox }o hi loxi vxieaui# }biax nkncquau oj ebnxne}ix ilo}aoku au joeyuim ok }biax xoci ak

gikixn}akg uvie}n}ox ilo}aoku+aa Nu n mizaei oj ebnxne}ix eoku}xye}aok# ilo}aok

irvxiuuaoku "vxakeavnccq oj }bi zoaei nkm jnei! nxi nko}bix zixun}aci }ooc }bn} milnkm

}o hi eokuamixim ak }biax owk xagb}+ Nkm cadi }qvakg nkm lakmxinmakg# ilo}aok

irvxiuuaoku enk hi ubnvim }ownxm niu}bi}ae ikmu+ Ak }bau ebnv}ix A nxgyi }bn}

irvxiuuaoku oj hnuae ilo}aoku uyeb nu nkgix nkm jinx nxi ykazixunccq vxomyeim nkm

xieogkapim# nkm alvcaea} ak }bau maueyuuaok au }bi ko}aok }bn} oki nvvinc oj eakiln au

a}u nhaca}q }o xivxiuik} }biui irvxiuuaoku }bn} }xnkueikm }ali nkm eyc}yxi+ Hy} A ncuo

nxgyi# loxi alvox}nk}cq# }bn} ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku enk hi ykmixu}oom okcq ak n uoeanc

ox knxxn}azi eok}ir}# nkm }bn} jacllndixu enk lnkavycn}i ho}b }bi eok}ir} nkm }bi

irvxiuuaoku }o gikixn}i ak}ixiu} ak ebnxne}ix+ A} joccowu# kn}yxnccq# }bn} oki jin}yxi oj

lnkq jaclu wa}b nk ak}ixiu} ak ebnxne}ix# uyeb nu Nlixaenk akmivikmik} jaclu# au }biax

ak}ixiu} ak irvcoa}akg ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku ak xicn}aok }o knxxn}azi ua}yn}aoku+ Nu A

nxgyi ak xicn}aok }o Wiceoli }o }bi Moccboyui nkmBnxm Iagb}# enxxqakg ozix }bi

maueyuuaok jxol Ebnv}ix 5# oki iuvieanccq uagkajaenk} }iebka~yi au }bi wa}bbocmakg oj

eokzik}aoknc irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aok ox oj xicanhci eok}ir}ync eyiu kieiuunxq jox }bi

xieogka}aok oj ecinx ebnxne}ix ilo}aoku+ Nu wa}b }boui jaclu ijjox}u }o jxyu}xn}i

lakmxinmakg nkm n}}xahy}aok vxoeiuuiu# }bi enxijyc jxyu}xn}aok oj oyx n}}ilv}u n}

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3/44

ilo}aok xieogka}aok ncuo vxomyeiu ijjie}u oj eolvcira}q nkm miv}b nkm milnkmu n

loxi ne}azi ikgngilik} wa}b }bi eoku}xye}aok oj ebnxne}ix+ A} ncuo jyke}aoku wa}bak

}bi hnuae zaiwakg u}xn}igaiu oy}cakim ak Ebnv}ix ># milnkmakg }bi irvcoxn}aok oj

amik}a}q# lndakg knxxn}azi joxl vcnqjyccq ikgngakg# nkm ojjixakg n eok}xnu} wa}b }bi

eolvnxn}azi ualvcaea}q oj lnaku}xinl eakilnu ebnxne}ixu+ Uo nu wa}b }bi o}bix

nuvie}u oj uoeanc eogka}aok A bnzi ak}xomyeim# ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku nxi kn}yxnc

vxoeiuuiu }bn} nxi irvcoa}im hq n eyc}yxnc joxl+

]bi Jnei

]bi bylnk jnei bnu ncwnqu hiik n diq jin}yxi oj eakilnu nvvinc }o jacllndixu nkm

uvie}n}oxu ncadi# oki uoyxei oj a}u uvieanc vowixu+ ]bau au bnxmcq uyxvxauakg# gazik }bi

jneiu uagkajaenkei nu }bi ilhcil oj oyx zixq amik}a}aiu+ Aj qoy nud }o uii n vae}yxi oj

uolioki# qoy }qvaenccq nxik} ak}ixiu}im ak nk alngi oj }biax }ii}b# dkiiu# ox cazix+ Wbik

qoy cood n} n vae}yxi oj qoyx jnei# qoy unq# ]bn}u li. ]bi jnei au }bi okcq vnx} oj n

vixuok }bn} enk hi nhu}xne}im ak }bau wnq jxol }bi xiu} oj }bi homq4 a} au }bi hiu}

uqkiemoebi wi bnzi jox oyxuicziu+

Uebocnxu bnzi cokg xieogkapim }bi eollykaen}azi vowix oj jneiu+ U}ymq ak }bau

jaicm mn}iu }o }bi ikoxloyu ak}ixiu} ak vbquaogkolq ak nkeaik} Gxiiei nkm jnei,xinmakg

izik hijoxi }bn} ak Ebakn nkm }bi Kinx Inu}+ aaa ]bi u}ymq oj vbquaogkolq# wbaeb }bi

Orjoxm Ikgcaub Mae}aoknxq mijakiu nu }bi nx} oj `ymgakg ebnxne}ix nkm mauvoua}aok jxol

jin}yxiu oj }bi jnei# bnu cokg hiik xieogkapim nu vuiymoueaikei# hy} ak}ixiu} ak }bi jnei

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4/44

nu nk akmir oj lik}nc u}n}iu bnu kizix nhn}im+ ]bi Mnxwakank u}ymq oj jneanc irvxiuuaoku

nu n vxomye} oj izocy}aok cokg ngo jaccim }bi vcnei okei bicm hq vbquaogkolq nkm jnei,

xinmakg# }boygb loxi xieik}cq xiuinxeb bnu ubowk }bn} uoeanc vixeiazixu ngxii nhoy} cakdu

hi}wiik jneanc jin}yxiu nkm ebnxne}ix }xna}u# wbaeb lnq uoli}aliu izik bnzi uoli

zncama}q+az

Jxol n Mnxwakank vixuvie}azi# ak}ixiu} ak jneiu au ko} nu }bi oy}wnxm irvxiuuaoku

oj ebnxne}ix hy} nu n vxalnxq linku# ncokg wa}b oyx homaiu nkm zoaeiu# oj irvxiuuakg

ilo}aoku+ Akmiim# jxol uyeb n vixuvie}azi# ilo}aoku nkm jneanc irvxiuuaoku bnzi n ecoui

izocy}aoknxq eokkie}aok+z Lnkq oj }bi ilo}aok,irvxiuuaoku }bn} nxi ykazixunccq

xieogkapim# uyeb nu hnxakg }ii}b }o ubow nkgix nkm ovikakg }bi loy}b }o ubow uyxvxaui#

bnzi n jyke}aoknc vyxvoui }bn} vxieimiu }bi eollykaen}aok oj ilo}aoknc u}n}iu+ Hnxakg

}ii}b }bxin}iku nk ikilq# wbaci ovikakg }bi loy}b au vnx} oj }ndakg ak hxin}b+ Ineb oj

}biui ne}aoku au vxne}aenc gazik }bi ua}yn}aok ak wbaeb oki jiicu ia}bix nkgxq "hienyui oki

bnu hiik wxokgim nkm wacc bnzi }o mijikm okiuicj! ox uyxvxauim "hxin}bakg ak wacc

jneaca}n}i ncix}kiuu }o }bi enyui oj }bi uyxvxaui nkm xinmakiuu ak xiuvokui }o a}!+

Mnxwak }bioxapim }bn} ilo}aoku vxieimim }bi ykazixunccq xieogkapnhci jneanc

irvxiuuaoku }bn} irvxiuu }bil+ Ilo}aoku }biluicziu bnzi nmnv}azi zncyi0 a} vnqu }o hi

njxnam oj }bakgu }bn} eoycm bnxl qoy# }o hi nkgxq n} }boui wbo wxokg qoy# }o hi maugyu}im

hq }bakgu }bn} eoycm lndi qoy uaed+ ]bi jneanc irvxiuuaoku }bn} neeolvnkaim }biui

ilo}aoku# wbaeb oxagaknccq bnm okcq vxne}aenc jyke}aoku# hienli bnha}yn}im ozix }ali }o

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5/44

}bi voak} }bn} }biq }ood ok }bi uagkajaenk} eollykaen}azi xoci }biq bnzi ncwnqu uakei

bnm+ ]bi nhaca}q }o eollykaen}i oyx ilo}aoknc u}n}iu ak }yxk au gxin}cq hikijaeanc }o nkq

uvieaiu }bn} xi~yaxiu }bi ir}ikuazi uoeanc oxgnkapn}aoku ebnxne}ixau}ae oj vxaln}i uoeai}aiu+

Hiakg nhci }o eollykaen}i qoyx jiicakgu }o qoyx eokuvieajaeu gaziu qoy n mijaka}i

nmznk}ngi+

Oki oj Mnxwaku nxgylik}u ak bau ecnuuae woxd ok }bau }ovae# ]bi Irvxiuuaok oj

}bi Ilo}aoku ak Lnk nkm Nkalncu# eokeixku }bi ykazixunca}q oj ilo}aoku+ ]bixi bnu cokg

hiik mihn}i ozix wbi}bix uvieajae ilo}aoku }biluicziu# nkm ncuo wbi}bix }bi jneanc

irvxiuuaoku oj }boui ilo}aoku# znxq jxol eyc}yxi }o eyc}yxi# ox wbi}bix }biq nxi ykazixunc

ox vnk,eyc}yxnc+ Nu nk izocy}aoknxq }bioxq# Mnxwaku nxgyiu jox }bi ykazixunca}q oj

ilo}aoku+ Loxi xieik} xiuinxeb bnu hnuaenccq eokjaxlim }bau voua}aok# amik}ajqakg uizixnc

hnuae ilo}aoku nkm jneanc irvxiuuaoku oj }bil }bn} nxi xieogkapim vnk,eyc}yxnccq# izik hq

lilhixu oj vxi,ca}ixn}i }xahiu wbo bnzi bnm zixq ca}}ci ox ko irvouyxi }o Wiu}ixk eyc}yxi

nkm liman+ ]bi uizik ilo}aoku# nu Vnyc Idlnk nkm bau jiccow xiuinxebixu vxovouim }o

knli }bil# nxi bnvvakiuu# uyxvxaui# jinx# unmkiuu# nkgix# maugyu}/eok}ilv}# nkm ak}ixiu}+za

Idlnk nkm bau eoccingyiu wik} jnx}bix }bnk `yu} nueix}nakakg wbi}bix nkm bow

lnkq jneanc irvxiuuaok nxi ykazixunc+ ]biq ui} nhoy} }o eomi }bi lyueciu oj }bi jnei }o

hi}}ix ykmixu}nkm bow ineb jneanc irvxiuuaok au vxomyeim nkn}olaenccq+ ]biq joykm }bn}

}bi lyueciu enk hi mazamim ak}o ne}aok yka}u "NYu!# oj wbaeb wi bnzi =5# nkm amik}ajaim

nhoy} 5#666 linkakgjyc eolhakn}aoku oj }biui =5 ne}aok yka}u+ ]bi en}ncogyi oj ncc oj

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6/44

}biui jneanc ne}aoku nkm }biax eolhakn}aoku au enccim }bi Jneanc Ne}aok Eomakg Uqu}il# ox

JNEU+ ]bi jiw bykmxim viovci wbo enk xinm }bi jnei yuakg JNEU xivox} }bn} }biax

ak}ixvixuoknc irvixaikei au eolvci}icq }xnkujoxlim+zaa Nkm nvvnxik}cq# nkaln}oxu n} Varnx

nkm Mxinlwoxdu yui JNEU }o exin}i jneanc irvxiuuaoku jox ebnxne}ixu ak jin}yxi jaclu+zaaa

Wbn} nhoy} eyc}yxnc uvieajaea}q? Wbn} neeoyk}u jox majjixikeiu nlokg eyc}yxiu ak

}bi irvxiuuaok oj ilo}aok? ]bi u}nkmnxm neeoyk} ak }bi jneanc irvxiuuaok ca}ixn}yxi bocmu

}bn} wbn} znxaiu au ko} }bi irvixaikei oj ilo}aok a}uicj# kox }bi jneanc irvxiuuaoku

eoxxiuvokmakg }o hnuae ilo}aoku ak majjixik} eyc}yxiu+ A}u ko} nu }boygb n ulaci oj `oq jox

Wiu}ixkixu linku }ixxox ak uoli o}bix eyc}yxi+ Wbn} moiu znxq au eyu}olu jox wbo lnq

mauvcnq ilo}aoku nkm ak wbn} ua}yn}aoku+ ]biui nxi enccim mauvcnq xyciu+ar Viovci oj}ik

}xq }o mauvcnq nk irvxiuuaok jox nk ilo}aok }biq nxi ko} irvixaikeakg# ox }o lnud oki

ilo}aok wa}b nko}bix+ Jox irnlvci# aj qoy nxi }xqakg }o }icc n cai ox }o ulaci jox n vae}yxi

qoy lagb} jiic oki ilo}aok hy} mauvcnqox n}}ilv} }o mauvcnqnko}bix+r

]o }iu} }bau bqvo}biuau# Idlnk xnk nk irvixalik} yuakg @nvnkiui nkm Nlixaenk

uyh`ie}u+ra A} au wamicq hicaizim }bn} ak @nvnkiui uoeai}q# }bixi nxi eyc}yxnc irvie}n}aoku

xignxmakg }bi jneanc mauvcnq oj kign}azi ilo}aoku "wbaeb nxi ncuo gikmix, nkm ngi,

uvieajae!+ Ak vnx}aeycnx# @nvnkiui nxi dkowk }o lnud kign}azi ilo}aoku wa}b ulaciu# nkm

nu n xiuyc} }bi ulaci linku uoli}bakg majjixik} ak @nvnkiui eyc}yxi }bnk a} moiu ak }bi

Wiu}# hienyui @nvnkiui irvie} lnkq ulaciu }o hi ciuu }bnk gikyaki+ raa Ak }bi Idlnk

irvixalik}# n u}xiuu jacl au ubowk }o }wo gxoyvu oj u}ymik}u# oki n gxoyv oj Nlixaenk

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8/44

oj ilo}aoknc irvxiuuaok+ ]bi ozixwbiclakg lnòxa}q oj u}ymaiu oj ilo}aoknc ykazixunca}q

jakm }bn} uyhìe}u amik}ajq ilo}aoku mauvcnqim hq uolioki oj n majjixik} eyc}yxi n} n xn}i

gxin}ix }bnk ebnkei# lndakg }bi enui jox uoli migxii oj ykazixuncaul akeok}xozix}ahci+

Qi} }biq ncuo jakm }bn} ak,gxoyv uyhìe}u amik}ajq ineb o}bixu ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku n} n

bagbix xn}i }bnk }boui oj oy},gxoyv lilhixu+ Oy},gxoyv irvxiuuaoku nxi loxi neeyxn}i

wbik }bi majjixik} eyc}yxiu nxi ecouicq eokkie}im "i+g+# hq ubnxakg n kn}aoknc hoxmix!+

Wa}bak n gazik eyc}yxi# lakoxa}q uyhìe}u `ymgi lnòxa}q lilhixu irvxiuuaoku loxi

neeyxn}icq }bnk }bi xizixui+ Akmiim# lakoxa}aiu `ymgi lnòxa}q irvxiuuaoku loxi

neeyxn}icq }bnk lnòxa}aiu `ymgi ineb o}bix. ]bau lndiu uikui ak}ya}azicq0 }bi uyeeiuu oj

lakoxa}q lilhixu au akexinuim nu }biq nxi hi}}ix nhci }o ak}ixne} wa}b lnòxa}q

lilhixu+raz Uo }bau uyggiu}u }bn} xn}bix }bnk nhuocy}i# }bi xieogka}aok oj jneanc

irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aok au lomiu}cq ykazixunc+ Majjixik} uoeai}aiu mo ko} vouuiuu }o}nccq

majjixik} uqu}ilu# hy} kia}bix nxi }biq amik}aenc+

]bi Zoaei

]bi xivxiuik}n}aok oj }bi zoaei au nko}bix eakiln}ae knxxn}azi }iebka~yi wa}b jyke}aoku

nkm vouuahaca}aiu ualacnx }o }boui oj }bi jnei# qi} bau}oxaenccq }bi zoaei bnu hiik gazik ciuu

n}}ik}aok hq jacl exa}aeu# }bioxau}u# nkm bau}oxanku+ ]bau ciuuix ilvbnuau lnq hi irvcnakim

hq }wo jne}oxu+ Jaxu}# eakiln irau}im jox }bxii mienmiu hijoxi uoykm xieoxmakg nkm

uoykm,alngi uqkebxokapn}aok hienli u}nkmnxm# uo }bi xivxiuik}n}aok oj }bi zoaei mam ko}

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9/44

uiil eakiln}ae ikoygb }o wnxxnk} uyhu}nk}anc n}}ik}aok nu n linku oj u}oxq}iccakg+

Uieokm# }bi zoaei au ko} yka~yicq eakiln}ae4 lyuae# ca}ixn}yxi# nkm mxnln yuim zoaeiu jox

}boyunkmu oj qinxu hijoxi eakiln wnu akzik}im+ Uo vnqakg n}}ik}aok }o }bi u}oxq}iccakg

vouuahaca}aiu oj zoenc irvxiuuaok ak eakiln mam ko} bicv majjixik}an}i eakiln jxol a}u xaznc

nx}u n} n }ali wbik }bau dakm oj majjixik}an}aok wnu n vnxnloyk} ak}ixiu} oj jacl exa}aeu+ rz

Cadi }bi jnei# }bi zoaei au nk ilhcil nkm akmir oj nk akmazamyncu amik}a}q+ Cadi

}bi jnei# }bi zoaei au n linku eollykaen}aok }bn} jneaca}n}iu uoeanc oxgnkapn}aok# nkm cadi

}bi jnei# uoli zoenc irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aok nxi xieogkapim exouu,eyc}yxnccq+rza ]bi lou}

eollokcq amik}ajaim ilo}aoku xieogkapim zoenccq nexouu eyc}yxiu akecymi nkgix# jinx#

unmkiuu# nkm `oq+rzaa ]bixi au izamikei }bn} }bi vbquaocogaenc nkm ikzaxoklik}nc

eolvokik}u oj ilo}aoknc irvixaikeiu bnzi n enyunc xicn}aok }o zoenc ebnxne}ixau}aeu0

akexinuiu ak xn}iu oj hxin}bakg nkm hcoom jcow wbik n uyh`ie} au }ndik hq uyxvxaui njjie}

}bi zoaei+ Qi} eyc}yxnc uvieajaea}q ncuo bnu a}u vnx} ak }bau u}oxq+ ]bi mauvcnq xyciu }bn}

nvvcq ak irvcnakakg }bi eyc}yxnc znxanhaca}q oj jneanc irvxiuuaoku njjie} zoenc irvxiuuaoku

ak loxi ox ciuu }bi unli wnq ak }bi unli eaxeylu}nkeiu+ N vixuok ulacakg }o lnud bix

jinx woycm ncuo }xq }o uvind ak izik# linuyxim }okiu nkm ko} ak n hxin}bciuu ja} oj

nkgyaub+rzaaa

]bi izocy}aok oj zoenc irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aok xyku vnxnccic }o }bi izocy}aok oj

jneanc irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aok+ Mnxwak eokuamixim jneanc nkm zoenc irvxiuuaoku }o hi

i~ynccq uagkajaenk}+ Zoenc irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aok# cadi jneanc okiu# nxi vxomye}u oj

>7>


10/44

kn}yxnc uicie}aok+ Lnkq uvieaiu eollykaen}i zoenccq ak wnqu wi lagb} eokuamix

ualvcau}ae hq eolvnxauok wa}b oyx owk uvieaiu zoenc nhaca}aiu# qi}# nu Mnxwak nxgyim#

oyx kok,zixhnc zoenc irvxiuuaoku izoczim jxol }biui nkeiu}oxu oj oyx uvieaiu+ Uoli oj

}bi uoykmu vxomyeim hq }bi bylnk zoenc nvvnxn}yu# uyeb nu ubxaidu oj vnak# nxi vxomyeim

}bi unli wnq ak lnkq o}bix uvieaiu+ Hy} okcq bylnk hiakgu bnzi }bi eok}xoc ozix }bi

neoyu}ae vxovix}aiu oj }biax zoencapn}aoku kieiuunxq }o hi nhci }o uakg nkm }o eollykaen}i

yuakg cnkgyngi+

Wi oj}ik unq }bn} wbik uolioki au irvixaikeakg n gazik ilo}aok# xignxmciuu oj

wbn} }biq lnq unq ox bow }biq lnq cood wi enk binx a} ak }biax zoaei+ Xiuinxeb

eokjaxlu }bn} }bau au akmiim }bi enui0 }bi bylnk zoaei jyke}aoku }o irvxiuu ilo}aoku

xignxmciuu oj wbaeb woxmu nxi uvodik+ Cau}ikixu enk mi}ie} hnuae zoenc ilo}aoku wbik

vxomyeim hq ne}oxu# wa}b uoli ireiv}aoku+rar

Wi irvxiuu ilo}aoku zoenccq "kok,zixhnccq! hq znxqakg oyx zoaeiu neoyu}ae

vxovix}aiu4 nu wa}b jneanc irvxiuuaoku# wi nxi nhci }o xieogkapi exouu,eyc}yxnc zoenc

irvxiuuaoku oj hnuae ilo}aoku uyeb nu nkgix nkm unmkiuu+ Xiuinxebixu ak}o kok,zixhnc

eollykaen}aok oj ilo}aok bnzi eomim }bi neoyu}ae vxovix}aiu oj uoli zoenc ilo}aok

irvxiuuaoku lyeb ak }bi unli wnq nu JNEU eoxxicn}im jneanc lyueycn}yxi }o ilo}aok

irvxiuuaoku+ ]bi lou} alvox}nk} neoyu}ae nuvie}u oj }bi zoaei jox ilo}aoknc irvxiuuaok

nxi coymkiuu "ak}ikua}q# linuyxim ak mieahicu!# va}eb "jykmnlik}nc jxi~yikeq# linuyxim ak

bix}p!# nkm }ali# wbaeb akecymiu ho}b xn}i oj uviieb nkm vnyuiu hi}wiik woxmu+rr Ineb oj

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11/44

}biui enk hi jyx}bix hxodik mowk ak}o eolvokik}u# nkm ineb lnq znxq }o gxin}ix ox ciuuix

ir}ik}u+ Jox irnlvci# nkgix au gikixnccq ebnxne}ixapim hq n ~yaed xn}i nkm n bagb

jxi~yikeq# nkm hq bagb znxanhaca}q ak ho}b oj }biui ~ynca}aiu+ Unmkiuu au gikixnccq

ebnxne}ixapim hq n ucow xn}i# cow jxi~yikeq# cow ak}ikua}q# nkm ca}}ci znxanhaca}q oj }biui

~ynca}aiu+rra Jox `oq# unmkiuu# nkm nkgix# xieogka}aok oj zoenc irvxiuuaoku au joyx ox jazi

}aliu gxin}ix }bnk ebnkei+rraa Qi} uoli ilo}aoku nxi loxi majjaeyc} }o auocn}i ak mauexi}i

zoenc irvxiuuaoku0 maugyu} au xieogkapim n} n xn}i uenxeicq hi}}ix }bnk ebnkei+ Bowizix#

maugyu} lnq hi n uvieanc enui# nu a} au ciuu cadicq }bnk o}bix ilo}aoku }o hi irvxiuuim ak

oxmaknxq eokzixun}aoknc uviieb+ Maugyu} }qvaenccq eoliu oy} ak zixq hxaij njjie} hyxu}u#

wbaeb eolhaki zoenc nkm jneanc irvxiuuaoku+ N }qvaenc enui woycm hi lndakg n jnei nkm

irecnalakg n lokouqccnhae irvxiuuaok oj mauvcinuyxi+rraaa

U}acc loxi lomiu oj irvxiuuaok irau}+ Giu}yxi ox homq cnkgyngi au nko}bix linku

oj ilo}aoknc mauvcnq }bn} vuqebocogau}u bnzi u}ymaim# }boygb }o n ciuuix migxii }bnk

zoaeiu nkm jneiu+ Oj eoyxui# }bi homq au n uagkajaenk} }ooc ak }bi ne}oxu da}+ Qi} loxi

nkm loxi# }bi lnaku}xinl jacl eokzik}aoku oj jxnlakg nkm ey}}akg ilvbnuapi jneiu n} }bi

irvikui oj homaiu+rraz Aj @obk Wnqki wixi ne}akg }omnq# bau eowhoq gna} woycm hi ciuu

vxolakik}# qi} wi woycm uii loxi oj bau jxaikmcq ulaci nkm bau nkgxq gcnxi+ Homacq

irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aok nxi n uagkajaenk} joxl oj eakiln}ae knxxn}aok nkm ebnxne}ixapn}aok

hy} }bi ca}ixn}yxi ok }bau }ovae au xn}bix }bak# nkm A cinzi jyx}bix maueyuuaok oj a} jox jy}yxi

xiuinxeb+

>75


12/44

Ilo}aok Irvxiuuaoku 0 N Ecouix Cood

]bixi nxi }bxii hnuae ecnalu nxauakg oy} oj }bau maueyuuaok oj xiuinxeb ok irvxiuuaoku oj

ilo}aok+ ]bi jaxu} au }bn} }bi hnuae ilo}aoku }biluicziu nxi ykazixunc0 ko ln}}ix }bi

eyc}yxnc ox bau}oxaenc uvieajaea}q oj n vixuoku hnedgxoykm# ubi u}acc irvixaikeiu }bi unli

bnvvakiuu# jinx# maugyu}# i}e+# nu nkq o}bix vixuok+ ]bixi nxi ko xilo}i }xahiu ak wbaeb

bnvvakiuu a}uicj au ykdkowk# ox ak wbaeb }biq bnzi n majjixik} hnuae ilo}aok# mau}ake}

jxol bnvvakiuu# ykdkowk }o Wiu}ixkixu+

]bi uieokm ecnal au }bn} hnuae irvxiuuaoku oj bnvvakiuu "ulacakg!# jinx "jyxxowakg

}bi hxow!# maugyu} "vyxuakg }bi cavu!# i}e+# nxi ncuo exouu,eyc}yxnc+ ]bixi nxi ncuo ko

xilo}i }xahiu ak wbaeb ko oki izix ulaciu# ox ak wbaeb izixqoki yuiu uoli irvxiuuaok wi

bnzi kizix uiik }o eollykaen}i bnvvakiuu+ Akmiim# }bi ko}aok oj mauvcnq xyciu uyggiu}u

}bn} ko} okcq nxi irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aok ykazixunc# hy} }bn} viovci dkow bow }o vxomyei

lnkq oj }bil akmivikmik} oj irvixaikeakg }bi ilo}aoku }bn} }biq eollykaen}i+ Aj

nudim# qoy eoycm lndi n bnvvq# jinxjyc# ox maugyu}im jnei wa}boy} bnzakg }o }bakd lyeb

nhoy} bow }o mo a}+ Ho}b oj }biui ykazixunca}q ecnalu bnzi uagkajaenk} alvcaen}aoku jox

ykmixu}nkmakg bow ebnxne}ixapn}aok woxdu ak eakiln# nu wi ubncc uii+ rrz

N }baxm# alvcaea}# ecnal oj }bau xiuinxeb au loxi hnuae qi}+ ]bi jnei lnq ox lnq

ko} hi nk neeyxn}i akmir oj n vixuoku ebnxne}ix ox mauvoua}aok# nu vbquaogkolau}u

}boygb}# hy} a} au n xicanhci uoyxei oj akjoxln}aok nhoy} n vixuoku ilo}aoku+ ]bau au }bi

>7=


13/44

dakm oj akjoxln}aok viovci uiid wbik }biq uenk }bi jneiu oj o}bixu+ Hq coodakg n}

uoliokiu jnei# a}u bnxm }o }icc wa}b lyeb eix}nak}q wbi}bix ox ko} }biq nxi zax}yoyu ox

acc,byloxim+ Qoy enk gikixnccq }icc }biax ngi# i}bkaea}q# nkm uir "}boygb ko} ncwnqu!+

Hy} wbn} qoy nxi gikixnccq coodakg joxak n jnei# wa}bak }bi vnxnli}ixu oj n gazik eok}ir}#

au akjoxln}aok ko} okcq nhoy} vixuoknca}q }xna}u nkm }bi ak}ik}aoknc u}n}iu# hy} ncuo nhoy}

njjie} u}n}iu uyeb nu ilo}aoku nkm loomu+ ]biui nxi wbn} jneiu nxi hiu} n}

eollykaen}akg+ ]bau au ncuo n ykazixunca}q ecnal0 ak ncc eyc}yxiu# viovci }xin} jneiu nu

ilo}aok,akmaen}oxu nkm uenk jneiu jox jiicakgu+ Nkm lou} uagkajaenk}cq# a} joccowu }bn} }bi

nhaca}q }o xinm ilo}aoku ak jneiu lyu} ykazixunc# `yu} cadi }bi nhaca}q }o irvxiuu }bil+

Ho}b }bi uikmakg nkm xieiazakg oj jneanc ilo}aok akjoxln}aok au n vxomye} oj kn}yxnc

uicie}aok+rrza

]bi unli ecnal nvvcaiu ak n ucagb}cq lomajaim joxl }o zoenc irvxiuuaoku+ ]bi

zoaei au yuim }o eollykaen}i loxi }bnk `yu} ilo}aok4 }bi woxmu ebouik lnq eokziq

lnkq dakmu oj linkakg+ Uo }oo }bi jnei lnq eollykaen}i uizixnc dakmu oj akjoxln}aok

"n wakd lagb} link qiu# n wakei lagb} unq }bn} byx} ox }bau au ilhnxxnuuakg!+ Hy}#

nlokg o}bix }bakgu# }bi kok,zixhnc nuvie} oj uviieb jyke}aoku nu nk akmir oj ilo}aoku+

Ak }bau wnq a} au ualacnx }o lyuae4 ho}b zoaeiu nkm lyuae eollykaen}i ilo}aok izik

wa}boy} }bi linkakg eokziqim hq woxmu+ ]bi Hin}ciuu Bicv. au n ebiixjyc uokg ak

uva}i oj a}u miuvixn}i cqxaeu+ ]bixi au ncuo izamikei }bn} }bi neoyu}ae vxovix}aiu

eoxxiuvokmakg }o vnx}aeycnx ilo}aoknc linkakgu ak lyuae nxi }bi unli nu }boui nvvcqakg

>79


14/44

}o zoenc irvxiuuaoku "a+i+# }bi bagb va}eb nkm ak}ikua}q ebnxne}ixau}ae oj jinxjyc uviieb au

ykmixu}oom ak lyuae }o hi jinxjyc}bakd oj Hixknxm Bixxlnkku Vuqebo zaocaku!+rrzaa

]biui ecnalu bnzi uagkajaenk} alvcaen}aoku jox }bi u}ymq oj eakiln}ae knxxn}azi ak

a}u uvieajaea}q nu n mau}ake} u}oxq}iccakg limayl+rrzaaa Ykcadi ca}ixn}yxi# lozakg,alngi

liman uyeb nu eakiln yui alngiu oj jneiu nu n vxalnxq knxxn}azi }iebka~yi+ Wbaci }bixi

nxi# oj eoyxui# lnkq jaclu }bn} eok}nak ko ecoui,yv alngiu oj jneiu# xnxi au }bi knxxn}azi

jin}yxi jacl }bn} iuebiwu }bi jnei+ ]o lndi uyeb n jacl woycm hi }o ikgngi ak n dakm oj

nznk},gnxmi vxne}aei# nk irvixalik}nc ijjox} }o hxind }bi xyciu nkm uii wbn} bnvviku+

]bixi au ncuo n mau}ake}aok bixi }o hi lnmi hi}wiik lozakg,alngi liman uyeb nu jacl#

}icizauaok# nkm zamio gnliu ok oki bnkm# nkm }bin}ix ok }bi o}bix+ Uakei }bi ak}xomye}aok

oj lozakg vae}yxiu# }bi cazi,kiuu nkm allimaneq oj }bin}ix bnzi hiik a}u uiccakg voak}u+

Hy} wbn} eakiln cnedu ak }biui ~ynca}aiu# a} lndiu yv jox ak a}u nhaca}q }o xivxiuik} jneiu

ok n cnxgi uenci+

Jacllndixu xicq binzacq ok alngiu oj }bi jnei }o eollykaen}i ilo}aok

akjoxln}aok# nkm }o gikixn}i ilo}aoknc xiuvokui ak uvie}n}oxu+rrar ]bi ykazixunca}q ecnalu

nhozi irvcnak# }o n cnxgi ir}ik}# }bi vowix oj lozaiu }o nvvinc nexouu eyc}yxiu nkm

bau}oxaenc vixaomu+ Uvie}n}oxu nvvxoneb }bi alngi oj }bi jnei vxalim }o xieogkapi }bi

unli ilo}aoku# ak }bi unli irvxiuuaoku# xignxmciuu oj }biax hnedgxoykm+ Oj eoyxui#

ca}ixnxq knxxn}azi exin}iu ilo}aoku jox ebnxne}ixu }oo# hy} hq o}bix linku+ ]bi

allimaneq nkm maxie}kiuu oj }bi jnei lndi jox zazam nkm maxie} ebnxne}ixapn}aoku nkm

>7:


15/44

nccow }bi nymaikei }o eokkie} wa}b }bi ebnxne}ixu ak}ixaox u}n}iu ak n vowixjyc wnq+

Bowizix# }bi ca}ixnxq eolvnxauok accyu}xn}iu wicc }bn} }bixi nxi o}bix linku oj

xivxiuik}akg n ebnxne}ixu ilo}aoknc irvixaikei# uyeb nu zixhnc miuexav}aok "lyeb loxi

eollok ak ca}ixn}yxi }bnk jacl ox }icizauaok! nkm jocd,vuqebocogq akjixikei+ Lozakg,

alngi liman lndi yui oj }biui }iebka~yiu }oo# hy} }bi nznacnhaca}q oj alngiu oj }bi jnei

lndi }bil uieokmnxq+

Cadi jneanc irvxiuuaoku# zoenc irvxiuuaoku nxi n loxi maxie} nkm zazam linku oj

ebnxne}ixapn}aok }bnk au nznacnhci ak ca}ixn}yxi+ Qi} }bixi au ko nxgylik} jxol limayl

uvieajaea}q }o hi lnmi xignxmakg }bi zoaei+ ]bi uacik} ixn vxomyeim lnkq lnu}ixvaieiu

}bn} xicaim ok nk niu}bi}ae oj zoaeiciuu vixjoxlnkei+ Uakei }bik# bowizix# }bi niu}bi}ae

bnu ebnkgim }o }bi voak} }bn} n knxxn}azi jin}yxi jacl wa}boy} zoaeiu woycm hi bagbcq

ykyuync+rrr ]bi eok}ilvoxnxq niu}bi}ae# wbaeb au }bi hnuau oj eakiln}ae ebnxne}ixapn}aok#

vcneiu }bi jnei nkm zoaei n} }bi }ov oj ncc u}qcau}ae baixnxebaiu+ Jneiu "nkm hq ir}ikuaok#

homaiu! nxi }bi lou} alvox}nk} eolvokik} oj laui ik ueiki nkm nxi }bi vnxnloyk}

eokeixk oj eakiln}ogxnvbq# iuvieanccq ak }ixlu oj jxnlakg+ Zoaeiu nxi }bi lou}

alvox}nk} uoykm eolvokik}# }ndakg vxieimikei ozix lyuae nkm koaui+ Ak }bi znu}

ln`oxa}q oj ueikiu# jacllndixu ey} }o joccow ho}b jneanc nkm zoenc eyiu nhozi ncc o}bix

joxlu oj knxxn}azi akjoxln}aok+

Vxohcilu ak Irvxiuuaok Xieogka}aok

>77


16/44

Ykmixcqakg }bi nhozi maueyuuaok nxi uizixnc nuuylv}aoku nhoy} irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aok

}bn} lyu} hi ~yncajaim }o ykmixu}nkm bow uyeb irvxiuuaoku jyke}aok ho}b ak xinc caji nkm

ak jae}aoknc xivxiuik}n}aoku+ Oki nuuylv}aok au }bn} ineb irvxiuuaok# wbi}bix jneanc ox

zoenc# eokziqu ox mauvcnqu oki nkm okcq oki ilo}aok+ Lou} xiuinxeb ak }bau jaicm joccowu

`yu} }bau cogae# nudakg uyhìe}u }o amik}ajq ilo}aoku irvxiuuim ak n u}n}ae alngi oj n jnei

ox ak n hxaij xieoxmakg "n jiw uieokmu cokg! oj n vixuok uvindakg+ ]bi irnlvciu nxi

}qvaenccq ebouik }o hi }qvaenc irvxiuuaoku oj n uakgci ilo}aok wbaeb }bi xiuinxebix

vximae}u }bi uyhìe}u wacc xieogkapi ecinxcq+ ]bi uyhìe}u nxi oj}ik gazik n jarim ui} oj

eboaeiu jxol n cau} oj hnuae ilo}aoku+ ]byu }bi xiuyc}u oj }bi xiuinxeb ubow }bn} uyhìe}u

amik}ajq uakgci ilo}aoku jox ineb mauvcnq+rrra Qi} ak ne}ync ui}}akgu# a} au eollok jox

uyhìe}u }o irvixaikei loxi }bnk oki ilo}aok# nkm a} woycm joccow }bn} }biq ncuo lnq

irvxiuu loxi }bnk oki+ Wbik uyhìe}u wixi nudim }o miuexahi nko}bix vixuoku

ilo}aoknc irvxiuuaoku# }biq gikixnccq yuim loxi }bnk oki }ixl jox ineb ilo}aoknc

ivauomi# i+g+# }biq miuexahim uolioki hiakg nkgxq nkm ìncoyu# ox unm nkm gxaizakg+rrraa

]bixi au }qvaenccq jnx loxi kynkei nkm eolvcira}q }o nkq aku}nkei oj ilo}aoknc

irvixaikei nkm irvxiuuaok }bnk }bi mazauaok oj jneanc nkm zoenc irvxiuuaoku ak}o uizik

hnuae en}igoxaiu woycm uyggiu}+

Uieokm# alvcaea} ak }bau maueyuuaok bnu hiik }bi uyggiu}aok }bn} ncc aku}nkeiu oj

irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aok nxi i~ynccq xieogkapnhci+ ]bn} au# ia}bix qoy nxi irvxiuuakg nkgix

ak qoyx zoaei ox jnei# ox qoy nxi ko}+ Ualacnxcq# a} bnu hiik alvcaea} }bn} ncc oj }bi znxaoyu

>72


17/44

majjixik}ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku nxi i~ynccq xieogkapnhci+ A lnmi nk ireiv}aok jox zoenc

irvxiuuaoku oj maugyu}# hy} ak gikixnc }bi znxaoyu njjie} u}n}iu wixi ko} ubowk }o znxq ak

u}xikg}b+ Qi} uoli ilo}aoku nxi loxi inuacq nkm ykazixunccq xieogkapim }bnk o}bixu+rrraaa

Ak vxne}aei# }bixi au n }bxiubocm oj xieogka}aok jox ilo}aoknc irvxiuuaoku# nkm znxqakg

migxiiu oj ak}ikua}q+ A} au oj}ik majjaeyc} }o maueixk nko}bix vixuoku njjie} u}n}iu# wbi}bix

hienyui oj }biax ijjox}u }o lnud }bil ox hienyui oj o}bix jne}oxu+ Wi oj}ik uvieycn}i

nhoy} wbn} uolioki icui au jiicakgwi izik uvieycn}i nhoy} oyx owk ilo}aoku+ A} au ko}

ncwnqu inuq }o vy} qoyx jakgix ok wbn} n gazik vn}}ixk oj hibnzaox xinccq linku+ Uoli oj

}bi lou} ak}ixiu}akg jaclae xivxiuik}n}aoku oj ilo}aok# uyeb nu Iyxovink nx} jaclu oj }bi

>1:6u# ubow n ebnxne}ixu jnei nkm zoaei }o hi# }o uoli ir}ik}# akuexy}nhci+ Uoli}aliu

a}u ohzaoyu }bn} n vixuok au njxnam4 hy} oj}ik a}u bnxm }o unq wbn} n jnei linku+

Hixglnku Vixuokn nkm XiuknauuCnu} Qinx n} Lnxaikhnmnxi goom irnlvciu oj jaclu ak

wbaeb jneiu jyke}aok nu lqu}ixaiu+

Ak oki u}ymq oj vnx}aeycnx xiciznkei }o }bi ~yiu}aok oj bow ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku

jyke}aok ak jacl# vuqebocogau}u @nliu Enxxocc nkm @nliu Xyuuicc nkncqpim jneanc

irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aok ak joyx Boccqwoom jaclu#Minm Voi}u Uoeai}q# ]ixlu oj

Ikminxlik}# Dxnlix zu+ Dxnlix# nkm Oxmaknxq Viovci# ncc oj wbaeb bnm hiik vxnauim hq

Cioknxm Lnc}ak jox }biax xincaul# ne}akg# ox gikixnc ~ynca}q+ ]biq amik}ajaim loxi }bnk

>66 ivauomiu ak wbaeb zaiwixu "vuqebocogq u}ymik}u! ngxiim }bn} n ebnxne}ix wnu

irvixaikeakg oki oj }bi hnuae ilo}aoku# nkm ngxiim ok wbaeb ilo}aok+ ]biq joykm }bn}#

>71


18/44

wa}b }bi ireiv}aok oj bnvvakiuu# }bi hnuae ilo}aoku wixi xnxicq eoyvcim wa}b }bi jneanc

irvxiuuaoku Idlnku akjcyik}anc }bioxq woycm vximae}+ Lou} oj }bi }ali# ko vxo}o}qvi

ilo}aok wnu mauvcnqim# qi} uoli ne}aok yka}u# uyeb nu n hxow xnaui# wixi eokuau}ik}cq

uiik jox uoli ilo}aoku "uyxvxaui# ak }bau enui!+

]bau voak} ykmixcaiu Enxxocc nkm Xyuuiccu }bioxq }bn} jneanc irvxiuuaoku gikixnccq

jyke}aok n} }bi cizic oj }bi NYu# nkm }bn} }bi uizik hnuae irvxiuuaoku nxi xnxicqaj izix

uiik ak izixqmnq caji+ ]biq uyggiu} }bn} }bi uizik irvxiuuaoku oj hnuae ilo}aoku nxi

vxo}o}qviu eolhakakg lnkq oj }bi majjixik} NYu }bn} oki woycm mauvcnq jox n gazik

ilo}aok+ ]biq nxi lik}nc vxo}o}qviu yuim ak lalakg ilo}aoku ox ak ne}akg gyamiu# hy}

nxi xinccq amincapn}aoku oj irvxiuuaoku nkm nxi ieocogaenccq xnxi ox kokirau}ik}+rrraz

]bau irvixalik} ubowu }bn} ak eakiln nu wicc nu ak xinc caji# ilo}aoku lnq hi

irvxiuuim ak uyh}ci ox vnx}anc wnqu }bn} mo ko} akzoczi }bi ecnuuae jneanc vn}}ixku wi }bakd

oj nu nk nkgxq jnei ox n uyxvxauim jnei+ Qi} wa}b bnvvakiuu# }bi Myebikki ulaci wnu

eollokcq ohuixzim+ ]bau au ecinxcq }bi lou} xieogkapnhci# yknlhagyoyu# nkm ykazixunc

oj ncc jneanc irvxiuuaoku+ A} au vxomyeim ak aku}nkeiu oj gikyaki bnvvakiuu ox nlyuilik}

hy} ko} }bi o}bix eok}ir}u ak wbaeb oki lagb} ulaci# nu ak voca}i ulaciu# lauixnhci ulaciu#

ulaciu oj jinx ox eok}ilv}# nkm uyvixeacaoyu Ebnvcak ulaciu+rrrz

]baxm# }bau maueyuuaok bnu nuuylim }bn} ilo}aoku lnq hi mi}ie}im jxol hxaij#

mauexii} irvxiuuaoku oj nk auocn}im jnei ox zoaei+ Hy} ak ieocogaenc ui}}akgu n vixuoku

ilo}aoknc irvixaikei au irvxiuuim ak lyc}avci lomiu+ Oki moiu ko} oxmaknxacq yui nk

>26


19/44

nkgxq zoaei nhuik} nk nkgxq jnei# nkgxq homq cnkgyngi# nkgxq woxmu# nkm n eok}ir}

vxomyeakg nkgix+ Wbaci jneanc irvxiuuaoku nxi oj}ik uiik }o ojjix }bi hiu} izamikei oj

ilo}aoknc irvixaikei# ak vxne}aei viovci nxi xieiv}azi }o ncc oj }bi lomiu oj ak}ixvixuoknc

eollykaen}aok+ Wbik nudim }o miuexahi nko}bix vixuoku ilo}aoknc irvixaikei# }boui

unli uyhìe}u maueyuuim eok}ir} ak knxxn}azi }ixlu "}biq }ocm n u}oxq nhoy} }bi vixuoku

ua}yn}aok!# nkm xijixxim }o znxaoyu zoenc nkm homacq irvxiuuaoku+rrrza ]bau miloku}xn}iu

}bn} ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku# nkm }bi ykmixu}nkmakg wi bnzi oj }bil# nxi n vxomye} oj lnkq

eyiu4 uoli oj }bil lnq izik hi eok}xnmae}oxq+ Eok}xnmae}oxq eyiu lnq eoirau} `yu} ak

}bi zoenc ebnkkic# nu okiu woxmu nkm okiu zoaei lagb} irvxiuu majjixik} jiicakgu+

Wbaci }bixi nxi ilo}aoknc ~ynca}aiu }bn} viovci irvxiuu vyxicq kok,zixhnccq# ak vxne}aei

zoenc irvxiuuaoku oeeyx ak eolhakn}aok wa}b cnkgyngi+ A} lnq oj}ik hi }bi enui }bn}

uyhìe}u lyu} maueixk uoliokiu ilo}aoku wbik }biax woxmu mo ko} lndi }bil irvcaea}+

Akmiim# wbik nudim }o miuexahi ilo}aoknc ivauomiu }biq ohuixzim# uyhìe}u woycm xnxicq

xijix }o irvcaea} miuexav}aoku uyeb nu #Al uo nkgxq.rrrzaa Qi} a} woycm hi joocaub }o moyh}

}bn} }bi zixhnc eolvokik} oj zoenc irvxiuuaok au kigcagahci+ Woxmu nxi oki vnx} oj }bi

lyc}a,ebnkkic nxxnq }bn} au ilo}aoknc irvxiuuaok+

]bau cinmu }o n joyx}b voak}# wbaeb au }bn} viovciu ykmixu}nkmakgu oj ineb o}bixu

ilo}aoknc irvxiuuaoku lnq hi akjcyikeim }o n cnxgi ir}ik} hq eok}ir}+ rrrzaaa ]bi li}bomu

oj u}ymqakg irvxiuuaok xieogka}aok }qvaenccq yui u}acc vae}yxiu oj jneiu nhu}xne}im jxol nkq

ua}yn}aok+ Qi} eok}ir}u enk lndi n hag majjixikei ak mi}ixlakakg wbn} n jnei linku+ Jox

>2>


20/44

irnlvci# n}bci}iu oj}ik irvxiuu }bi `oq oj zae}oxq wa}b jneiu }bn} Idlnk woycm eomi nu

nkgxq "neeolvnkaim hq uboy}akg nkm nggxiuuazi giu}yxiu uyeb nu jau},vylvakg! ox unm

"exqakg!+ Ko oki wbo au wn}ebakg }bi gnliox izik bagbcagb}u oj a} }bn} lndi ecinx }bn}

}biui nxi wakkixu jneiuwoycm lau}ndi }bi vcnqixu njjie} u}n}iu+ Irvxiuuaoku oj

ilo}aok ncwnqu oeeyx ak eok}ir} nkm }bi `ymglik}u viovci lndi oj o}bix viovciu

ilo}aoku nxi hnuim ok n eolhakn}aok oj akjoxln}aok nhoy} }bi vixuok nkm}bi ua}yn}aok+

Akmiim oki oj }bi mijakakg jin}yxiu oj ilo}aok au nvvxnaunc0 oki gikixnccq hieoliu njxnam

okcq ak }bi vxiuikei oj uoli}bakg }o hi jinxim+ Ieocogaenccq# a} woycm hi bagbcq ykyuync

}o ikeoyk}ix ilo}aoknccq irvxiuuazi jneiu nhuik} nkq eok}ir}+ Izik aj wi gxnk} }bn} ecinx

jneanc irvxiuuaoku oj hnuae ilo}aoku irau}# wbaeb }bi nhozi irnlvci lagb} enu} uoli

moyh} ok# }biq bnzi linkakg okcq wa}bak }bi xincl oj }bi uoeanc+

]bau linku }bn} zoenc nkm jneanc irvxiuuaoku nxi ko} }bi okcq wnq }bn} uvie}n}oxu

bnzi oj ykmixu}nkmakg n ebnxne}ixu ilo}aoku+ Akjixikeiu hnuim ok knxxn}azi eok}ir} "a+i+#

jocd vuqebocogq! nkm enyunc n}}xahy}aoku nxi ncuo vouuahci linku oj iu}nhcaubakg ilo}aok#

nu nxi }bi maxie} }iebka~yiu oj knxxn}aok uyeb nu zoaei,ozix+ ]bi ecnal oj }bau uie}aok au#

xn}bix# }bn} jneiu nkm zoaeiu nxivxalnxacq ilo}aok,irvxiuuixu# nkm }bn} knxxn}azi jin}yxi

jaclu lndi ir}ikuazi yui oj }bil jox }bau vyxvoui+ Qi} hienyui oj }bi ak}ixne}aok oj

lomiu oj ebnxne}ixapn}aok# }bi ilo}aoknc eok}ik} oj n ebnxne}ix enkko} hi uvca} ojj jxol

}bi o}bix akjoxln}aok wi bnzi nhoy} bal+ N vixuoku ikzaxoklik} "a+i+# n knxxn}azi

ua}yn}aok! au jykmnlik}nc }o }bau nkm izixq nuvie} oj ebnxne}ixapn}aok+

>28


21/44

Jaj}b# }bau maueyuuaok bnu nuuylim }bn} }bi lou} uagkajaenk}# aj ko} }bi okcq#

jyke}aok oj jneiu au nu ilo}aok irvxiuuixu+ Hy} nc}boygb }bi ln`oxa}q oj xiuinxeb ak}o

jneanc irvxiuuaoku au eokeixkim wa}b ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku# }bixi nxi ohzaoyucq o}bix

jyke}aoku oj jneanc irvxiuuaoku+ Jneiu nkm zoaeiu lnq hi nkncqpim ok n uenci oj nxoyunc#

jxol lakalnccq nxoyuim }o kiy}xnc }o bagbcq nxoyuim+rrrar Nxoyunc enk hi nuuoean}im wa}b

ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku "uyxvxauim jneiu ubow bagb nxoyunc# unm jneiu cow nxoyunc! ox }biq

lnq ko}+ Uolioki lnq `yu} cood ox uoykm uciivq ox bqvix+ Gazik uvieajae eok}ir}u#

jneiu nkm zoaeiu enk hi akmaeiu oj lnkq kok,ilo}aok u}n}iu# uyeb nu ncix}kiuu# bykgix#

vbquaenc ox lik}nc binc}b# ox hoximol+ N jneanc irvxiuuaok lnq bnzi kok,ilo}aoknc

xijixik}anc linkakg nhoy} ak}ik}aoknc xn}bix }bnk njjie} u}n}iu+ Xoccakg }bi iqiu enk

eollykaen}i moyh} ox mixauaok4 jyxxowakg }bi hxow enk eollykaen}i udiv}aeaul4 caedakg

}bi cavu enk eollykaen}i vcinuyxi4 ovikakg }bi iqiu wami enk eollykaen}i ingixkiuu }o

cinxk loxi4 nkm ulacakg nkm kommakg enk eollykaen}i ngxiilik}+ Jneanc irvxiuuaoku

enk ncuo bnzi ecinxcq eomim linkakgu wa}bak n gazik eyc}yxi ox uyheyc}yxi+ Irnggixn}im

wakdakg enk hi n uaccq wnq oj unqakg# A link }bau axokaenccq+ Oxmaknxq wakdakg enk

eokziq n znxai}q oj linkakgu+

Jaknccq# nc}boygb }bixi au u}xokg izamikei uyvvox}akg lomiu} ykazixunca}q ecnalu#

}bixi nxi u}acc uagkajaenk} majjixikeiu oj migxii oj xieogka}aok nlokg uyh`ie}u oj majjixik}

hnedgxoykmu+ Uoli oj }bi majjaeyc}q ak amik}ajqakg nk ilo}aoknc irvxiuuaok nu uyeb lnq

hi n jyke}aok oj eyc}yxnc majjixikei+rc Xieogka}aok joccowu n vn}}ixk oj gxnmn}aok# nkm ko}

>25


22/44

ncc uyhìe}u xiuvokuiu jncc ok }bi unli voak} oj }bi uenci+ Uo wbaci eakilnu ykazixunc#

exouu,eyc}yxnc nvvinc lagb} hi irvcnakim ak vnx} hq }bi ueaik}ajae xiuinxeb A bnzi

miuexahim# }bi vxijixikei oj Nlixaenku jox Nlixaenk eakiln lagb} ncuo hi irvcnakim hq

a}# uakei ineb eyc}yxi au hi}}ix n} xieogkapakg a}u owk irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aoku }bnk a} au n}

xieogkapakg }boui oj o}bix eyc}yxiu+

]o uyllnxapi }biui ecnxajaen}aoku# }bi irau}ikei oj ykazixunc ilo}aoku nkm

ykazixunc irvxiuuaoku oj }bil moiu ko} link }bn} }bixi au ko xool jox nlhagya}q nkm

kynkei ak oyx ykmixu}nkmakg oj bow irvxiuuaoku jyke}aok ieocogaenccq# nkm hq ir}ikuaok#

ak xivxiuik}n}aoku oj bylnk irvixaikei+ Ilo}aoku lnq hi irvxiuuim ak eolhakn}aok wa}b

ineb o}bix nkm lnq hi inuq ox majjaeyc} }o xieogkapi+ Ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku nxi n lyc}a,

ebnkkic vbikolikok# ko} ualvcq zoenc ox jneanc mauvcnqu# nkm }biq nxi ykmixu}oom nkm

ak}ixvxi}im ak n uoeanc eok}ir}+ ]biq nxi eolhakim wa}b o}bix jneanc nkm zoenc

eollykaen}aok wbaeb lnq ko} eok}nak ilo}aok eok}ik}# nkm wbaeb lnq hi eyc}yxnccq

znxanhci+ Nkm ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku }biluicziu nxi }o uoli ir}ik} eyc}yxnccq znxanhci nkm

}byu ko} nhuocy}icq ykazixunc+ Ko} ncc uyhìe}u nxi nhci wa}b >66) neeyxneq }o ykmixu}nkm

ncc o}bix uyhìe}u ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku+ ]bixi nxi migxiiu oj jnccahaca}q+ Ncc oj }biui

~yncajaen}aoku ojjix maxie}aok jox }bi nvvcaen}aok oj }bioxaiu oj ilo}aoknc irvxiuuaok }o }bi

nkncquau oj eakiln}ae knxxn}azi+

Ilo}aok Irvxiuuaoku ak Jacl

>2=


23/44

]bi lnak ohu}neci }o nvvcqakg }biui aminu nhoy} irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aok }o jacl au }bn} n

jacl au n xivxiuik}n}aok oj bylnk ne}aoku# ko} }bi ne}aoku }biluicziu+ Nk ne}ox vox}xnqu n

ebnxne}ix wbo au unm ox njxnam hienyui oj izik}u ak bix woxcm+ Oki lagb} }bakd }bn}

ykciuu ubi au n bnxm,eoxi li}bom ne}ox# bowizix# ubi au ualycn}akg }bi ilo}aok+ Uo bow

mo ne}oxu eokziq ilo}aoku uo alvxiuuazicq }bn} }biq bocm nymaikeiu env}azn}im? ]bau au

ko} }bi }ovae oj }bau vxo`ie}# wbaeb au eokeixkim vxalnxacq wa}b }bi uvie}n}oxu

eolvxibikuaok+rca Bowizix# ak }bi enui oj ilo}aoku a} au alvouuahci }o mazoxei

eolvxibikuaok jxol o}bix cizicu oj akzoczilik}# uakei oki wnq }bn} viovci oxmaknxacq

xiuvokm }o }bi ilo}aoknc irvxiuuaoku oj o}bixu au hq jiicakg wbn} }biq jiic+ ]bau

vbikolikok au dkowk nu ilo}aoknc eok}ngaok+ Wbik qoy nxi nxoykm n ebiixjyc vixuok#

qoy hieoli ebiixjyc# hy} n mivxiuuim vixuok lndiu qoy jiic mowk a} }bi mylvu+rcaa ]bau

au }xyi oj jaclu nu wicc0 nk nkgxq ebnxne}ix# uyeb nu Vi}ix Jakebu lnm,nu,bicc kiwuenu}ix

akKi}woxd# enyuiu }bi nymaikei }o jiic bau nkgix+ Ohzaoyucq# ko} ncc jacl ebnxne}ixu

ilo}aoku nxi myvcaen}im ak uvie}n}oxu4 ykuqlvn}bi}ae ebnxne}ixu nxi ciuu cadicq }o gikixn}i

}bau ijjie}+ Gxnk}akg }bn}# bow mo ne}oxu irvxiuu ilo}aoku uo eokzakeakgcq }bn} }biq nxi

nhci }o akjie} }bi nymaikei wa}b }bil?

Ilo}aoknc eok}ngaok mivikmu ok jneanc# zoenc# nkm vou}yxnc lalaexq+ Mnxwak

xieogkapim }bn} lnkq uvieaiu lalae jneanc irvxiuuaoku uiilakgcq ny}oln}aenccq# nkm

}bixi au uyhu}nk}anc izamikei ubowakg }bn} akjnk}u lalae }biax vnxik}u jneanc nkm zoenc

irvxiuuaoku nkm zaei zixun+ Jneanc irvxiuuaoku nxi enyuim# nlokg o}bix }bakgu# hq

>29


24/44

ny}okolae kixzoyu uqu}il "NKU! ne}aza}q# nkm a} woycm uiil }bn} }bi enyun}aok xyku ho}b

wnqu+ Wbik qoy ulaci ak lalaexq oj uolioki icuiu gikyaki bnvvq ulaci# qoyx NKU

ne}aza}q au }bn} oj n ulacakg# bnvvq vixuok+ Ak irvixalik}u# xiuinxebixu bnm uyh`ie}u joxl

jneanc irvxiuuaoku wa}boy} }iccakg }bil }o mauvcnq n vnx}aeycnx ilo}aok# hq gazakg }bil

aku}xye}aoku nhoy} wbaeb lyueciu }o lozi# nkm linuyxim }biax NKU ne}aza}q+ ]biq joykm

}bn} izik wa}boy} nkq eok}ir} ak wbaeb }o jiic vnx}aeycnx ilo}aoku# }bi uyh`ie}u ubowim

}bi NKU vn}}ixku oj uolioki irvixaikeakg }bil+ Jacl uvie}n}oxu lalae jneanc

irvxiuuaoku oj jacl ebnxne}ixu nkm en}eb }biax jiicakgu ak }bi vxoeiuu+

N kiw eokeiv}aok oj ne}akg# nkm ak vnx}aeycnx oj li}bom ne}akg# au uyggiu}im hq

}bi amin oj ilo}aoknc eok}ngaok+ Oki u}nkmnxm ualvcajaim miuexav}aok oj li}bom ne}akg au

}bn} nk ne}ox yuiu n liloxq oj nk ilo}aoknc irvixaikei }o vxomyei n vixjoxlnkei oj n

ebnxne}ix goakg }bxoygb }bi unli ilo}aok+rcaaa ]bau au uyvvouim }o vxomyei n loxi

ny}bik}ae xikmixakg }bnk lalaedakg n ebnxne}ixu oy}wnxm nvvinxnkei ox vxi}ikmakg }o hi

}bn} vixuok+ Ilo}aok liloxq au nk ne}oxu wnq oj gi}}akg ak}o }bi vnx} nkm bnu hieoli n

u}nkmnxm ko}aok ak Nlixaenk jacl ne}akg# }o }bi voak} }bn} izik aj }bi }iebka~yi au ko}

hiakg yuim }bi amin oj }bi ne}ox }ndakg ok }bi ebnxne}ixu ak}ixaoxa}q au eollokvcnei+ Qi}

lalaexq au nk ijjie}azi linku oj vxomyeakg nk ilo}aoknc irvixaikei# nu ilo}aoknc

eok}ngaok miloku}xn}iu+ Jneanc nkm zoenc irvxiuuaoku nxi ho}b enyuiu nkm ijjie}u oj

ilo}aoknc irvixaikei+ ]biq nxi ncc vnx} oj }bi unli vxoeiuu# ko} }bi ikm,voak} xiuyc}u

jxol n u}alycyu+ A} lnq uoykm omm# hy} hq vxi}ikmakg }o hi bnvvq# a} au vouuahci }o

>2:


25/44

hieoli bnvvq+

U}acc# nxik} }bixi majjixikeiu hi}wiik ne}im irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aok nkm gikyaki

okiu? Ykmoyh}imcq }bixi nxi# hy} a} woycm }ndi n uvieancau} ak }bi eomakg oj jneanc nkm

zoenc irvxiuuaoku }o mi}nac }bil akuojnx nu }biq eoku}a}y}i znxan}aoku ak bow jneanc ne}aok

yka}u ox zoenc neoyu}ae vnxnli}ixu nxi y}acapim+ Ok n loxi gikixnc cizic# }boygb# wi

lagb} nuuyli }bn} xivxiuik}n}aoku oj irvxiuuaoku jyke}aok xoygbcq ak }bi unli wnq nu

o}bix nuvie}u oj xivxiuik}n}aok+ ]bau au iuuik}anccq n ln}}ix oj xincaul+ A eok}ikm }bn}

irvxiuuaoku oj ilo}aok mixazi jxol nkm xijix }o vbikoliknc xinca}q# iuvieanccq jxol

uoeanc ak}iccagikei# hy} ak wbn} wnq mo xivxiuik}n}aoku oj ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku uiil xinc

nkm ak wbn} wnqu mo }biq uiil ko},xinc? Wbik }biq uiil ko},xinc# au }bau nk niu}bi}ae

ijjie} ox n jnacyxi oj xincaul?

Ak gikixnc# xivxiuik}n}aoku nxi xincau} ox u}qcapim ak znxqakg migxiiu nkm jnubaoku+

]bn} au }o unq }bn} }biq kieiuunxacq hinx uoli xicn}aok }o xinca}q# hy} }bn} }bau xicn}aok bnu

lnkq vixly}n}aoku nkm eolhakn}aoku+ A} woycm hi n gxouu ualvcajaen}aok }o unq }bn} nkq

xivxiuik}n}aok au loxi ox ciuu xincau}ae }bnk nkq o}bix+ "AuXyciu oj }bi Gnli loxi

xincau}ae }bnk Ok }bi Wn}ixjxok}? Neeoxmakg }o wbn} }ixlu? Ak wbn} wnqu? Hq wboui

eokeiv}aok oj wbn} au xinc ox u}qcapim? Eolvnxim }o wbaeb o}bix jaclu?! Uvieajae

xivxiuik}n}aoku jyke}aok hq nvvincakg }o xincaul ak eix}nak wnqu nkm hq nvvcqakg }bi

u}qcapn}aok ox nhu}xne}aok oj xinca}q ak eix}nak wnqu+ Ak eakiln# ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku lnq

oj}ik hi irnggixn}im ox ykmixu}n}im# nkm }biq lnq hi ak}ik}aoknccq akeokgxyoyu ox

>27


26/44

jxyu}xn}akg+ ]bixi ncuo lnq hi znxan}aoku ak ~ynca}q oj ne}akg }iebka~yi }bn} lndi uoli

vixjoxlnkeiu loxi ox ciuu xincau}ae ox u}qcapim# ohzaoyu ox uyh}ci# ecinx ox ohueyxi+ ]biui

znxan}aoku nxi ncc bau}oxaenccq nkm eyc}yxnccq uvieajae# nu xincaul n} oki voak} ak jacl

bau}oxq wacc cn}ix uiil cnygbnhci# nkm xincaul ak oki kn}aoknc eakiln lnq cood eok}xazim

ngnaku} irnlvciu jxol nko}bix+rcaz Hy} }bi hnuae ln}ixancu oj ilo}aok irvxiuuaok nxi }bi

unli jneanc nkm zoenc jin}yxiu }bn} irvxiuu ilo}aoku ak xinca}q+ ]bau au hienyui wi dkow

oj ko hnuae ilo}aok }ixlu ox miuexav}aoku oj jneanc ox zoenc ne}aza}q }bn} nxi uvieajae }o

nx}au}ae xivxiuik}n}aok+ ]bixi au ko gikxi oj jacl ak wbaeb oki ohuixziu ilo}aokr nkm

eoxxiuvokmakg jneanc irvxiuuaokr# wbaeb au uvieajae }o }bi gikxi ox loxi gikixnccq }o

eakiln nkm au kizix ohuixzim ak }bi xinc woxcm+ Cadi }bi o}bix nuvie}u oj ebnxne}ixapn}aok

A bnzi maueyuuim# a} au nuuylim }bn} }bi unli vxoeiuuiu yuim ak ykmixu}nkmakg viovci ak

izixqmnq caji nxi }boui yuim ak ykmixu}nkmakg eakiln}ae knxxn}azi+ ]bau au }bi ualvciu}

irvcnkn}aok A enk }bakd oj4 }bi hyxmik oj vxooj au ok }boui wbo uyvvox} n ko}aok oj

eakiln,uvieajae vxoeiuuiu }o ubow jaxu} }bn} }biq irau} nkm }bik }bn} }biq irvcnak oyx

ikgngilik} wa}b eakiln hi}}ix }bnk }bi vxoeiuuiu A bnzi miuexahim+

Jneanc Irvxiuuaoku ak }bi Eoku}xye}aok oj Ebnxne}ix0 Wiceoli }o }bi Moccboyui nkm

Bnxm Iagb}

Uvie}n}oxu n}}xahy}i ilo}aoku }o ebnxne}ixu ak znxaoyu wnqu+ Ebnxne}ixapn}aok exin}iu nk

ilo}aok vxojaci ok }bi hnuau oj lyc}a,ebnkkic eyiu+ Ineb ebnxne}ix au }bi vxomye} oj }bau

okgoakg vxoeiuu eolhakakg akjoxln}aok nhoy} knxxn}azi ua}yn}aoku wa}b zauync nkm nyxnc

>22


27/44

akvy}+ Mnwk ak Wiceoli }o }bi Moccboyui au n goom irnlvci hienyui bix ilo}aoknc

irvixaikei au mijakim hq ualvci ua}yn}aoku nkm ecinx# hnuae ilo}aoku+ Wiceoli }o }bi

Moccboyui au n jacl ak wbaeb ykmixu}nkmakg }bi ebnxne}ixu ilo}aoku nxi oj eik}xnc

eokeixk }o }bi uvie}n}ox# nu wi nxi akza}im }o ilvn}bapi wa}b bix vcagb} nu nk nwdwnxm

uoeanc lauja}+ Mnwku lik}nc u}n}iu nxi gikixnccq yknlhagyoyu nkm uqlvn}bi}ae+ N}

znxaoyu voak}u ak }bi knxxn}azi# ubi irvixaikeiu bylacan}aok "ubnli!# nkgix# jinx# nkm izik

bnvvakiuu+ Ilo}aoku nxi gikixnccq hxaij# nkm ineb oki Mnwk irvixaikeiu au n xiuvokui }o

n wicc,mijakim ua}yn}aok+

,Ak }bi jaxu} ueiki# Mnwk au bylacan}im hq hiakg yknhci }o jakm n vcnei }o ua} ak }bi

enji}ixan+ Ubi au bylacan}im ~ya}i jxi~yik}cq ak uyhui~yik} ueikiu# nu wbik ubi au

joxeim }o wn}eb bix uahcakgu in} bix endi# wbik U}izi alvcaiu }bn} ubi au

xi}nxmim# nkm wbik bix jnlacq cnygbu n} }bi zamio oj bix hiakg vyubim ak}o }bi

vooc+

,N} }bi nuuilhcq# Mnwk au nkgixim wbik ubi au ubowixim wa}b uva}hnccu hq }bi

hyccaiu+ Ubi au ncuo nkgixim ~ya}i jxi~yik}cq# nu wbik ubi enccu bix jxaikm Xncvai n

jnggo}# wbik ubi enccu bix uau}ix Ciuho# nkm wbik bix hxo}bix# Lnxd# oxmixu

bix oy} oj bau xool+ Bix nkgix ncuo nxauiu wbikizix ubi jiicu ubi bnu hiik }xin}im

ykjnaxcq# i+g+# wbik ubi au gazik n mi}ik}aok nkm wbik ubi au joxeim }o maulnk}ci

bix ecyhboyui+

,]bi hiu} irnlvci oj Mnwku jinx eoliu wbik Hxnkmok }bxin}iku }o xnvi bix+

>21


28/44

Ubi au ncuo lnmi }o jinx Coca}n# Hxnkmoku jxaikm# wbo joxeiu Mnwk }o go }o }bi

hn}bxool wa}b }bi u}ncc moox ovik nkm uvindu }o bix ak likneakg }okiu+

,Mnwku bnvvakiuu au gikixnccq eokkie}im }o U}izi# bix hxo}bixu hnkm,ln}i

wbol ubi bnu n exyub ok+ Ubi au bnvvq wbik ubi wn}ebiu bal uakg# wbik ubi

mxinlu nhoy} bal# nkm wbik ubi ik}ix}naku bal wa}b Bnwnaank Vykeb nkm cij}ozix

jaub,u}aedu nkm vcnqu vanko "hnmcq! jox bal+

,Wi enk ncuo amik}ajq hcikmu oj ilo}aok# a+i+# ivauomiu ak wbaeb loxi }bnk oki

ilo}aok enk hi amik}ajaim+ Wbik ubi au hxoygb} hijoxi }bi vxakeavnc jox xi}yxkakg

uva}hncc jaxi nkm ak`yxakg n }inebix# Mnwk ua}u kir} }o bix vnxik}u nkm au ~yiu}aokim

nhoy} bix uoeanc caji+ Ozix }bi vxakeavncu uboycmix# wi uii }bi hyccaiu }bxoygb }bi

wakmow loedakg nkm }nyk}akg Mnwk+ Ubi enk uii }bil# hy} }bi o}bixu enkko}+

Cadi uo lnkq o}bix ueikiu ak }bi jacl# }bi ozixxamakg nvvxnaunc }bn} }bi uvie}n}ox

lndiu au }bn} Mnwk au n zae}al oj ykjnaxkiuu+ Hy} bix ilo}aoku nxi bnxmix }o vak

mowk0 wi lagb} hicaizi }bn} ubi au ubnlim hq hiakg }ocm ubi bnu ko jxaikmu#

nkgixim hq hiakg }bi oki wbo go} ak }xoyhci wbik }bi aku}agn}oxu go} ojj# njxnam oj

hiakg vykaubim# nkm xiloxuijyc nhoy} bnzakg enyuim bix }inebix bnxl+

Ko}i jaxu} }bn} ncc oj }biui ilo}aok ivauomiu nxi eok}ir},mivikmik}+ ]biui ilo}aoku nxi

ecinx jxol }biui miuexav}aoku oj }bil# wbn}izix }biax xivxiuik}n}aoku+ ]biq nxi

xivxiuik}im ak n lyc}a,ebnkkic jnubaok# nu }bi }bioxaiu maueyuuim nhozi woycm vximae}+

Bix zoaei xauiu nkm ~yaediku wbik ubi vcinmu bix enui }o bix }inebix nkm bix vnxik}u+

>16


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Bix jneanc irvxiuuaoku uoj}ik wa}b ulaciu nkm wami,ovikim iqiu wbik ubi au nxoykm

U}izi+

Ak gikixnc# }boygb# Mnwku ilo}aoku nxi bnxmcq izamik} n} ncc bix ak jneanc

irvxiuuaoku+ Bin}bix Ln}nxoppo xnxicq yuiu nkq ecnuuae hnuae ilo}aok jneiu# nu

miuexahim hq Idlnk+ Bix irvxiuuaoku nxi lyeb loxi oj}ik `yu} hcnkd+ ]bau au ko}

Uocokmpu gikixnc u}qci4 akmiim lou} oj }bi o}bix ebnxne}ixu nxi jneanccq zixq irvxiuuazi+

Mnwku lo}bix mauvcnqu lnkq ecinx# izik irnggixn}im irvxiuuaoku oj bnvvakiuu#

maunvvoak}lik}# nkgix# nkm jinx+ Hxnkmok mauvcnqu likneakg# nggxiuuazi irvxiuuaoku }o

Mnwk nkm vcnak}azi# uyvvcaen}akg okiu }o Eoodai# }bi vovycnx gaxc wbo ukyhu bal+ Lauuq

au jxi~yik}cq uiik wa}b ulaciu oj bnvvakiuu nkm Mnwku }inebix }qvaenccq ukiixu wa}b

eok}ilv}+ Qi} Mnwku jnei au }qvaenccq akirvxiuuazi+ Hq mi,ilvbnuapakg Mnwku jnei nu

nk irvxiuuazi }iebka~yi# Uocokmp ykmixueoxiu Mnwku majjixikei jxol }bi o}bix

ebnxne}ixu nkm bix ncaikn}aok jxol bix jnlacq nkm ueboocln}iu+

]bau }iebka~yi enccu ok yu }o ne}azn}i nuuylv}aoku nhoy} mauvcnq xyciu0 bix

u}oaeaul ak }bi ovikakg ueikiu nu wicc nu cn}ix okiu au cadicq n vxomye} oj }bi uyvvxiuuaok

oj njjie} u}n}iu uyeb nu unmkiuu# nkgix# jinx# nkm jxyu}xn}aok+ ]bau ak }yxk cinmu hned ak}o

nuuylv}aoku nkm akjixikeiu nhoy} ak}ik}aoknca}q nkm mauvoua}aoku+ Wi lagb} jagyxi }bn}

nk nwdwnxm lauja} lagb} uyvvxiuu }bi mauvcnq oj kign}azi ilo}aoku nu n linku oj inuakg

bix uoeanc irvixaikeiu# ox nu nk n}}ilv} }o ozixeoli }bi kign}azi ilo}aoku+ ]bau lagb}

uyggiu} n xiuacaik} ox mijank} vixuoknca}q# wbaeb u~ynxiu wa}b Mnwku u}yhhoxk ne}aoku# ox

>1>


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n mikanc oj uixaoyu vxohcilu# wbaeb u~ynxiu wa}b bix cned oj uicj,nwnxikiuu+ ]bi jneanc

mauvcnq au a}uicj n lyc}amalikuaoknc eyi# nkm hq zax}yi oj a}u akirvxiuuazikiuu Mnwku jnei

hieoliu n ua}i oj nlhagya}q# yvvakg }bi ak}ixiu} ak Mnwku ebnxne}ix nkm# hq eok}xnu}#

lndakg }bi o}bixu uiil jcn}}ix+

]o nmm }o }bn}# }bi jaclu u}qci ykmixilvbnuapiu bix jneanc irvxiuuaoku hq

ykmixcakakg bix ilo}aoknc irvixaikei yuakg o}bix linku+ Ln}nxoppou zoaei lomycn}iu

jxi~yik}cq# jxol ~yai} nkm ikminxakg }o coym nkm wbakq+ Ubi lalaeu }bi hyccaiu jaxl

}okiu oj zoaei wbik uvindakg }o Lauuq ox Lnxe# hy} ubi uvindu ak n byub wbik }bxin}ikim

hq Coca}n nkm Hxnkmok+ Bix bylacan}aok wbik xiea}akg bix iuunq ok magka}q au

eokziqim hq bix ykuyxi vou}yxi nkm bix wind# biua}nk} zoaei+ ]bau au myvcaen}im ak }bi

nuuilhcq ueiki wbik ubi nmmxiuuiu }bi uebooc nkm au# ngnak# bylacan}im+

O}bix u}qcau}ae linku mi,ilvbnuapi Mnwku jnei+ Uocokmp ey}u }o cokg ox ir}xili

cokg ubo}u n} lolik}u oj biagb}ikim jiicakg }o mi}xne} jxol Mnwku jnei nu nk irvxiuuazi

mizaei+ Jox irnlvci# wbik Mnwk xyku nwnq jxol Hxnkmok# ak }bi ueiki ak wbaeb bi bnu

unam bi au goakg }o xnvi bix# ubi xneiu }o n ebnak cakd jikei# wbixi wi nxi ubowk bix ak nk

ir}xili cokg ubo}+ Ualacnxcq# bix bylacan}aok n} hiakg vyubim ak}o }bi vooc au n cokg ubo}

uiik ok n "]Z! uexiik wa}bak }bi uexiik+ Uocokmp ncuo yuiu n lyuaenc eyi# wa}b mau}ox}im#

xbq}blae icie}xae gya}nx# yv,}ilvo hnuu# nkm }ol mxylu ak ueiki }xnkua}aoku+ ]bau eyi

hieoliu n ubox}bnkm jox Mnwku jxyu}xn}aok# nkgix nkm bylacan}aok# n xijxnak }o uyl yv

ineb ivauomi oj bix }xoyhcim nmociueikei+

>18


31/44

Lyxxnq Ula}b bnu maueyuuim bow ]ndiuba Da}nko# Xohix} Hxiuuok# nkm Wokg

Dnx,wna# ncc ikeoyxngi n u}qci oj ne}akg }bn} au ak}ik}aoknccq jneanccq akirvxiuuazi ox

ikagln}ae# ineb ja}}akg }bau nvvxoneb }o }bi jnei ak}o n cnxgix niu}bi}ae uqu}il# nebaizakg

uvieajae ijjie}u+ Bi eok}xnu}u }bau wa}b }bi ecinx hnuae irvxiuuaoku ak jaclu hq

Ba}ebeoed+rcz A woycm uyggiu} }bn} jneanccq akirvxiuuazi ne}akg au oki hnuicaki }iebka~yi

oj lomixk akmivikmik} nkm nx} eakiln# wbaeb lnq jyke}aok }o akzoczi }bi uvie}n}ox ak

eoku}xye}akg }bi ebnxne}ixu ak}ixaoxa}q# }o akexinui knxxn}azi nlhagya}q# nkm }o lndi }bi

ebnxne}ixu uiil eolvcaen}im nkm ak}ixiu}akg+ Mnwku ilo}aoku nxi jnaxcq ecinx jxol bix

ua}yn}aok4 hy} }bixi au uoli}bakg ak}xagyakg nhoy} }bi u}oaeaul wa}b wbaeb ubi jneiu bix

eaxeylu}nkeiu+ ]bau ui}u bix nvnx} jxol ebnxne}ixu ak loxi eokzik}aoknc mxnlnu nhoy}

nmociueikei+ A} lndiu bix irvixaikei uiil bagbcq uvieajae nkm akmazamyn}im# hy} a} ncuo

lndiu nmociueikei uiil iuvieanccq biccaub+

Wbn} lndiu Wiceoli }o }bi Moccboyui mau}ake} nu nk akmivikmik} jacl nhoy}

nmociueikei au a}u ykjcakebakg vox}xnqnc oj ykjnaxkiuu nu n hnuae eokma}aok+ Hq xiu}xnakakg

Mnwku jneanc irvxiuuaoku# Uocokmp uyggiu}u nk neeiv}nkei oj }bau ykjnaxkiuu# oj bix

xoy}aki bylacan}aok# nkm nk nclou} kabacau}ae irvie}n}aok }bn} a} wacc eok}akyi ykebiedim

jox nu cokg nu Mnwk au n ebacm# nkm ak lnkq o}bix ebacmxik nj}ix bix+ Bi uyggiu}u }bn} }bau

au n kn}yxnc u}n}i jox nmociueik}u nkm }bn} }biax hiu} ebnkei n} uyxzazakg a} au hq neeiv}akg

a} nu n jne} oj caji+ Ak }bi jaclu jaknc ueiki# Mnwk uakgu }bi Byllakghaxm }bili uokg ok

}bi hyu }o Maukiq Woxcm# wa}b }bi unmmiu} bnvvq jnei oki enk alngaki# wbaeb

>15


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ykmixueoxiu ho}b }bi vn}bou oj bix ebnxne}ix nkm }bi ir}ik} }o wbaeb ua}yn}aoku mi}ixlaki

oyx n}}xahy}aok oj ebnxne}ix ilo}aoku+ Ir}xne}im jxol }bi jacl# }bau ueiki woycm bnzi

ca}}ci ilo}aoknc alvne}# hy} ak eok}ir} a} au vowixjyccq vn}bi}ae+ Yc}aln}icq# }bi ijjie} oj

}bi ebnxne}ixapn}aok oj Mnwk ak Wiceoli }o }bi Moccboyui au oki oj jy}aca}q# oj

eokmilkn}aok }o uyjjixakg wbaeb hiuvindu }bi akeolvn}ahaca}q oj nmociueikei nkm

akmazamynca}q+ A} au }qvaenc oj ho}b }bi jaclu maxie}ox nkm oj akmivikmik} eakiln loxi

gikixnccq }o ebnxne}ixapi nmociueikei majjixik}cq jxol }bi Boccqwoom lnaku}xinl+

Jox lyeb ojBnxm Iagb}# }bi ebnxne}ix ilo}aoku nxi lyeb ciuu izamik}# cnxgicq

hienyui oj }bi ikagln}ae kn}yxi oj }bi irvoua}aok+ ]bixi nxi zax}ynccq ko yknlhagyoyu

hnuae ilo}aok ivauomiu n} ncc ak }bi jaxu} }baxm oj }bi jacl# wbaeb akecymi }bi ueikiu oj

Uqmkiq nkm @obku lii}akg nkm }bi mizicovlik} oj }biax jxaikmubav# }bi ivauomiu

ak}xomyeakg @allq nkm Ecilik}aki "Gwqki}b Vnc}xow!# nkm }bi mizicovlik} oj }bi

xicn}aokubav oj Ecilik}akiu xicn}aokubav wa}b Uqmkiq nkm @obk+ Ak }ixlu oj njjie}

gikixn}im hq }bi jacl ak }biui ueikiu wi mo hiu} }o uvind oj loom xn}bix }bnk ilo}aok+

Loomu nxi loxi gikixncapim nkm cokgix cnu}akg }bnk ilo}aoku+rcza ]boui lolik}u }bn}

uiil cadi }biq lagb} hyacm ak}o gikyaki ilo}aok lolik}u }ikm ko} }o+ Jox irnlvci#

@obk uiilu }o gi} nkgxq n} Uqm jox uyggiu}akg }bn} }biq xi}yxk }o Cnu Zignu }ogi}bix#

hienyui bi au wnxq }bn} Uqm lagb} bnzi n uirync ak}ixiu} ak bal+ Hy} Uqm nuuyxiu bal

}bn} }bau au ko} }bi enui nkm @obku jiicakgu nxi mijyuim+ Ualacnxcq# ak }bi ueiki ak wbaeb

@obk ak}xomyeiu Uqm }o @allq# a} uiilu }bn} Uqm au nkgxq wa}b @allq jox lndakg

>1=


33/44

uirynccq irvcaea} eollik}u nhoy} }bi eoed}nac wna}xiuuiu# hy} }biax maueyuuaok oj a} kizix

hyacmu ak}o n gikyakicq nkgxq mauvy}i+ Ak }bi ueiki ak wbaeb Uqm ohuixziu }bi eoed}nac

wna}xiuu Ecilik}aki ilixgakg jxol n eyu}olixu xool# ecinxcq akmaen}akg }bn} ubi wnu

bnzakg uir wa}b bal jox lokiq# a} au uyggiu}im }bn} Ecilik}aki lagb} jiic ubnli+ Qi}

bix woxmu lagb} eok}xnmae} }bau akjixikei# nu ubi akuau}u }bn} ubi moiuk} mo nkq}bakg ubi

moiuk} wnk} }o+ A} eoycm hi }bn} ubi jiicu larim ilo}aoku0 vixbnvu ubi au vxoym }o inxk

lokiq hy} nubnlim mo a} hq mihnuakg bixuicj+ Loxiozix# ak ncc oj }biui lolik}u# ko

jneanc ox zoenc irvxiuuaoku ecinxcq mauvcnq }bi ecnuuae hnuae ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku+

Wbn} }bi jaxu} ueikiu oj }bi jacl mo bnzi ak uagkajaenk} ~ynk}a}q nxi ulacakg jneiu+

Iuvieanccq ak }bi ikeoyk}ixu ak }bi eoed}nac coykgi# }bi ebnxne}ixu ulaci n} oki nko}bix

jxi~yik}cq hy} kizix# a} uiilu# jxol gikyaki bnvvakiuu ox nlyuilik}+ ]biui uoeanc

ulaciu ne}ynccq uagkajq nvvxibikuaok nu lyeb nu voua}azi ilo}aok+ Ecilik}aki nkm

Uqmkiq ulaci n} ineb o}bix izik }boygb Uqmkiq }iccu bix oj bau maunvvxoznc oj bix

hibnzaox+ @allq nkm Uqmkiq ulaci n} ineb o}bix izik }boygb }biq ecinxcq bnzi uoli

ly}ync maucadi+ Ak }biui enuiu# jneanc irvxiuuaoku uixzi }o ohueyxi xn}bix }bnk accylakn}i

}bi ebnxne}ixu ak}ixaox u}n}iu# nkm uvie}n}oxu akjixikeiu nhoy} o}bix nuvie}u oj

ebnxne}ixapn}aok nxi kieiuunxq }o iu}nhcaub }bi ebnxne}ix ilo}aoku ox cned oj }bil+

AkBnxm Iagb}# }bi }oki ubaj}u mxnln}aenccq ak }bi ueiki higakkakg wa}b Uqmkiqu

nvvinxnkei oy}uami n lo}ic xool+ Akuami# bi maueozixu }bn} @obk nkm Ecilik}aki bnzi

damknvvim n lnk wbo baxim Ecilik}aki nu n vxou}a}y}i nkm }bik xijyuim }o vnq+ ]bi lnk

>19


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au cqakg ykeokueaoyu# wa}b bau jnei ak n hcoomq vaccow nkm bau bnkmu eyjjim }o }bi

binmhonxm+ Ak }bau ueiki# }bi ebnxne}ixu irvxiuu }biax ilo}aoku hocmcq yuakg izixq

nznacnhci ebnkkic+ ]biq hnxi }biax }ii}b ak nkgix# exq ak unmkiuu# xnaui }biax zoaeiu ak jinx+

]biq uboy} n} ineb o}bix nkm vnei hned nkm jox}b+ Ecilik}aki eozixu bix jnei ak ubnli

nkm eowixu ok }bi jcoox+ Nu }bi ua}yn}aok au lnmi ecinx# }bi knxxn}azi eok}ir} uyvvox}u

}biui xiuvokuiu+ Ecilik}aki nkm @obk bnzi eolla}}im uizixnc jicokaiu nkm nxi n} xaud oj

hiakg maueozixim hq }bi vocaei+ Hq nudakg Uqmkiq }o eoli# }biq bnzi akzoczim bal nu nk

neeiuuoxq+ ]biq ncuo unq }bn} }biq bnzi eok}ne}im @allq# uo }bn} bi }oo au akzoczim nkm

eoycm vo}ik}anccq njjie} }biax ijjox} }o iuenvi wa}boy} gi}}akg ak}o }xoyhci wa}b }bi cnw+

Wi nxi uyuvaeaoyu oj @allq ko} okcq hienyui oj n uknv `ymglik} hnuim ok bau ebnxne}ix

}qvi "ucaed enuako uieyxa}q eokuyc}nk}# wbaeb au lnmi }o uoykm uoliwbn} iyvbilau}ae! hy}

hienyui Uqmkiq }iccu @obk }bn} bi moiuk} cadi @allq+ Wi nxi akecakim }o }xyu} Uqmkiq#

wbo }ndiu ok n vxo}ie}azi# jn}bixcq eokeixk jox @obk+ ]bi ua}yn}aok vxolv}u oyx

ak}ixvxi}n}aok }bn} }bi ebnxne}ixu nxi nkgxq# njxnam# nkm nkgyaubim+ Nu au uo oj}ik }bi enui

ak eakiln}ae knxxn}azi# n znxai}q oj ximykmnk} eyiu uyvvox} }bi unli linkakgu+rczaa

Ak }bi jaknc }baxm oj }bi jacl# Ecilik}aki nkm @obk bnzi jcim }o Kangnxn Jnccu# nkm

}bi u}oxq }yxku }o n mxnwk,oy} eokjxok}n}aok hi}wiik @allq nkm Uqmkiq+ @allq }xaiu }o

ubndi Uqmkiq mowk# hcnedlnacakg bal hq }bxin}ikakg }o xizinc Uqmu uiexi} }o @obk+

]bau au wbik }bi knxxn}aziu xizicn}aok au lnmi0 Uqmkiq ne}u nu bi moiu }ownxm @obk

hienyui Uqmkiq daccim @obku jn}bix+ Uqmkiq uiidu# ak ijjie}# }o }ndi }bi vcnei oj @obku

>1:


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jn}bix wa}boy} ci}}akg @obk dkow wbo bi xinccq au+ Wbn} au xilnxdnhci nhoy} }bau cnu} vnx}

oj }bi jacl au }bi ir}ik} }o wbaeb Uqmkiq lnak}naku bau u}oaenc# gikixnccq irvxiuuaokciuu

milinkox+ Wa}b }bi ireiv}aok oj n uakgci ubox} ueiki# ak wbaeb @allq }bxin}iku bal

wa}b n gyk# Uqmkiqu jnei au n hcnkd uexiik+ ]bau au ak eok}xnu} }o alngiu oj Ecilik}aki

cnygbakg ak }bi wimmakg zamio }bn} Uqmkiq zaiwu# oj @allq uboy}akg nkm ubowakg nkgix

nkm irea}ilik}# nkm @obku uoj} uohu nkm unm irvxiuuaok wbik Uqmkiq }iccu bal# ozix }bi

vboki# }bn} bi coziu @obk nu }boygb bi wixi bau owk uok+ Uqmkiq }qvaenccq u}nxiu u}xnagb}

nbinm+ N} }aliu# Nkmixuok mi,ilvbnuapiu }bi jnei# nu Uocokmp moiu ak Wiceoli }o }bi

Moccboyui# hq ey}}akg }o cokg ubo}u# hq jxnlakg ykeokzik}aoknccq nu ak n ueiki ak n enx

wa}b }bi enlixn ui} yv hibakm @allq nkm Uqmkiqu binmu# nkm hq ey}}akg nwnq }o

uiilakgcq axxiciznk} oh`ie}u uyeb nu Uqmkiqu wnau} nkm n eojjii eyv ok n }nhci+ Hy}

}biui }iebka~yiu nxi hxaij nkm jyke}aok loxi nu vyke}yn}aok ox vnyui }bnk nu n molaknk}

niu}bi}ae+

]bi ijjie}azikiuu oj }bi knxxn}azi mivikmu ok }bi jnueakn}aok Nkmixuok jakmu ak

Vbacav Hndix Bnccu jnei+ Nu Uqmkiq# Bncc lndiu }bi lou} oj bau jneiu exnggq cakiu#

miiv,ui} iqiu wa}b lyc}avci hngu ykmix }bil# nkm mau}akgyaubim# nkgycnx jin}yxiu+ ]bi

nymaikei u}ymaiu Bnccu jnei }o }xq }o gi} akuagb} ak}o Uqmkiqu ilo}aok+ ]bau au ko}

ykcadi Uocokmpu yui oj Ln}nxoppou jnei ak Wiceoli }o }bi Moccboyui# nkm ak ineb enui

}bi jnei uiilu }o uyggiu} nk ykmixcqakg mijnyc} u}nkei ox n}}a}ymi+ Mnwku jnei au nk

akmir oj bix uyjjixakg# izik wbik ubi au ko} ubowk }o uyjjix# hienyui bix ebnxne}ix au

>17


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mijakim lou} oj ncc hq }bau ~ynca}q+ Uqmkiqu jnei# ok }bi o}bix bnkm# au eoku}nk}cq

vyxvouijyc+ Uqmkiq au ncwnqu }bakdakg# a} uiilu# hy} kizix cnqu oy} bau }boygb} vxoeiuuiu

ak woxmu+ Bi jiicu ko ciuu }bnk }bi o}bixu# hy} bau cozi jox @obk nkm bau bn}xim jox @allq

nxi nclou} ncwnqu div} }o baluicj# nu nxi bau nkgix nkm bau jinx+ ]bau au n ecnuuae }oygb,

gyq alngi jxol gnkgu}ix vae}yxiu nkmjaclu koaxu+ ]bi u}oaenc }bakdakg lnk kizix ubowu

bau enxmu yk}ac a} au lou} nmznk}ngioyu }o bal+ Cadi Wiceoli }o }bi Moccboyui# }bi

vxo}ngokau}u jnei jyke}aoku ak eok}xnu} }o ncc oj }bi o}bix jneiu# wbaeb nxi loxi

eokzik}aoknccq irvxiuuazi+ Hy} akBnxm Iagb}# nu ak Wiceoli }o }bi Moccboyui# }bixi nxi

diq lolik}u ak }bi knxxn}azi ak wbaeb }bi ebnxne}ixu ubicc au exnedim nkm Uqmkiqu

vnuuaok au mauvcnqim+ Wbik @allq }bxin}iku bal wa}b n gyk# Uqmkiq coodu nkm uoykmu

njxnam# `yu} nu ak }bi bo}ic xool bi coodu nkm uoykmu nkgxq+ ]biui hyxu}u bylnkapi bal

nkm iu}nhcaub }bn} bi moiu jiic nu u}xokgcq nu }bi o}bixu+ ]biq ykmixcaki }bi uagkajaenkei

oj }biui ueikiu ak }bi knxxn}azi# nu }biq nxi xnxi irvxiuuaoku jxol Uqmkiq+

Bnxm Iagb}au n jacl oj ubaj}akg ilo}aoknc }okiu# nkm oj ubaj}akg knxxn}azi

nvvxonebiu+ A} higaku hq xnauakg lnkq loxi ~yiu}aoku }bnk a} nkuwixu# ak n xn}bix

lqu}ixaoyu jnubaok+ A} au ko} n} ncc ecinx wbq }bi ebnxne}ixu nxi hibnzakg nu }biq mo+ ]bau

au }bi enui oj cnxgi,uenci knxxn}azi mizicovlik}u# uyeb nu Uqmkiqu }ndakg @obk ok nu bau

vxo}gi+ A} au ncuo }bi enui oj ulnccix,uenci mi}nacu# uyeb nu Uqmkiqu bnha} oj vnuuakg

lnkq boyxu ak n enuako bo}ic eoed}nac coykgi vcnqakg diko+ A} au }qvaenc oj akmivikmik}

jacl knxxn}aok }o exin}i ikagln}ae ebnxne}ixu hnuim ok gikxi ox uoeanc }qviu4 }bi woxd oj

>12


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uvie}n}oxubav hieoliu }bi ijjox} }o mieavbix }bi ecyiu cinmakg }o nk ak}ixvxi}n}aok oj }bi

ebnxne}ixu amik}a}q+ ]byu }biq nxi nhci }o eolhaki }biax lou} hnuae nvvincu0 ok }bi cizic

oj }bi jnueakn}akg akmazamync wbo u}nkmu jox n vnx}aeycnx uoeanc irvixaikei "ak Uqmu enui#

nk ocm lnk# n jn}bix# n Zignu byu}cix# n lik}ox!4 ok }bi cizic oj joxlnc vcnq "ykeozixakg

}bi lqu}ixaiu oj }bi ebnxne}ix nu n gnli wi vcnq wa}b }bi knxxn}azi!4 nkm ok ovvouakg

Boccqwoom eokzik}aoku oj loxi u}xnagb}joxwnxm ilo}aoknc ebnxne}ixapn}aok+

Lamwnq }bxoygb }bi jacl# }bi ilo}aok }oki ubaj}u jxol hiakg eooc nkm

eok}ilvcn}azi }o hiakg loxi u}xnagb}joxwnxmcq licomxnln}ae# nxoyuakg vn}bou nkm jinx ok

hibncj oj }bi eik}xnc ebnxne}ixu wbo nxi enygb} ak n hnm ua}yn}aok+ Wi u}acc mo ko} dkow

ikoygb nhoy} }biax hnedu}oxaiu n} }bau voak} }o jiic }bi jycc ilo}aoknc wiagb} oj }bi

xicn}aokubavu }biq bnzi wa}b ineb o}bix+ Ak }bi ikm# wbn} au lou} jnueakn}akg nhoy}Bnxm

Iagb}au Uqmkiq# wbo au envnhci oj ne}u oj uicjciuu cozi jox @obk n} }bi unli }ali }bn} bi

au envnhci oj zaeaoyu exyic}q }ownxm @allq# wbo au joocaub ikoygb }o }bakd bi enk oy},

}oygb n }oygb gyq+ ]bi eok}xnmae}aok ak Uqmkiqu ilo}aoknc lndiyv au mizicovim ak n

vixjie}cq lomycn}im vixjoxlnkei# hxindakg }bxoygb }bi ak}ixknc koxl oj xiu}xnakim

u}oaeaul wa}b jcnubiu oj jycc ilo}aok# nkm xicqakg ok lomycn}aoku ak knxxn}azi ua}yn}aok }o

jyx}bix udi}eb oy} }bi ebnxne}ixu vuqebocogaenc u}n}iu+ ]bi ecnxa}q oj }bi o}bix

ebnxne}ixu ilo}aoknc irvxiuuaoku lndiu Uqmkiqu akirvxiuuazikiuu ncc }bi loxi

ak}ixiu}akg+

>11


38/44

Eokecyuaok0 Eolhakakg Nvvincu

Uvie}n}oxu ykmixu}nkm ebnxne}ix vuqebocogq ak znxaoyu wnqu+ ]biq en}igoxapi ebnxne}ixu#

wbaeb joeyuiu n}}ik}aok ok uoli }xna}u nkm ko} o}bixu# nkm gyamiu n}}ik}aok nkm ak}ixiu}+

]biq nxi gazik irvcaea} akjoxln}aok }bxoygb mancogyi nkm uyh`ie}azi }iebka~yiu+ ]biq

akjix ak}ik}aoknca}q jxol knxxn}azi ueiknxaou nkm ohuixzim ne}aoku yuakg jocd vuqebocogq+

]biq n}}xahy}i }bi enyunca}q oj knxxn}azi izik}u }o ebnxne}ix mauvoua}aoku nkm }bixihq

exin}i n uikui oj }bi ebnxne}ixu vixuoknca}q+ Nkm }biq xinm ilo}aoku ak ebnxne}ixu

irvxiuuaoku ox n}}xahy}i ilo}aoku ak uva}i oj }boui irvxiuuaoku ok }bi hnuau oj o}bix eyiu

nkm akjixikeiu+ Ncc oj }biui vxoeiuuiu nxi ly}ynccq xiakjoxeakg+ Akjoxln}aok nhoy} nkq

oki nuvie} oj ebnxne}ixapn}aok alvne}u yvok }bi o}bixu+ Jox irnlvci# n uikui oj }bi

ebnxne}ixu vixuoknca}q lnq hinx yvok nkq ykmixu}nkmakg oj }biax ilo}aoknc u}n}iu+ N

mieia}jyc ebnxne}ix lnq hi loxi cadicq }o lnud bau ox bix }xyi ilo}aok+ Dkowcimgi nhoy}

}bi ebnxne}ixu ak}ik}aoku lnq ncuo njjie} ilo}aok nuuiuulik}u+ N ebnxne}ix wbo au }xqakg

}o vycc ojj n uwakmci wacc hi irvie}im }o mauvcnq majjixik} ilo}aoku jxol n ebnxne}ix wbo

au }bi zae}al oj }bi exali+ Ncc oj }bi }iebka~yiu oj ebnxne}ixapn}aok enk }ac} oyx

ykmixu}nkmakg oj ebnxne}ix# wbaeb njjie}u uvie}n}oxu yui oj ncc oj }bi }iebka~yiu+ ]bi

alvox}nkei oj knxxn}azi eok}ir} enkko} hi ozixu}n}im# qi} ineb }iebka~yi au vnx} oj }bi

vxoeiuu }bn} exin}iu n knxxn}azi eok}ir}+

Eokkie}akg ncc oj }biui malikuaoku oj ebnxne}ix,vuqebocogq,eoku}xye}aok au nk

ozixnxebakg gonc oj knxxn}azi eolvxibikuaok0 }bi mn}n oj }bi knxxn}azi lyu} hi lnmi }o

866


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eobixi nu hiu} }biq enk+ Wi vxijix }bn} ncc }bi vnx}u oj }bi uoeanc vyppci ja} }ogi}bix# uo

}bn} lq akjixikeiu nhoy} qoyx hibnzaox# qoyx ak}ik}aoknc u}n}iu# qoyx ilo}aoku# nkm qoyx

}xna}u nkm }qviu nxi ko} ly}ynccq eok}xnmae}oxq# nkm }bn} irvcnkn}aoku oj uoli oj }biui nxi

bicvjyc ak irvcnakakg o}bix vnx}u+ Nu wi bnzi uiik ak eokuamixakg u}ixio}qviu# wi }ikm }o

uii wbn} wi nxi coodakg jox# uo knxxn}azi eok}ir}u maxie} oyx irvie}n}aoku nkm lndi

eobixikei loxi n}}naknhci+ ]bau au wbq irvoua}aok bnu eoli yv uo oj}ik ak }biui

maueyuuaoku0 }bi miuagk jin}yxiu oj knxxn}azi milnkm }bn} higakkakgu ecnxajq n eok}ir}n}

cinu} lakalnccquo }bn} uoeanc eogka}aok vxoeiuuiu enk jyke}aok ijjaeaik}cq nkm

eobixikei enk hi nebaizim+

Lnralyl eobixikei au }bi uvie}n}oxu gonc# hy} ko} ncwnqu }bi jacllndixu+

Lou} knxxn}aziu ebnccikgi oyx nhaca}aiu }o lndi ebnxne}ix vuqebocogq akjixikeiu nkm

`ymglik}u eobixi ak n lomiu} jnubaok hq lndakg }xna}u nkm ne}aoku akeokuau}ik} wa}b ineb

o}bix# hq jxyu}xn}akg }qvakg# hq exin}akg nlhagyoyu ox eok}xnmae}oxq ua}yn}aoku nkm

ilo}aok irvxiuuaoku# nkm hq wa}bbocmakg akjoxln}aok jox vyxvouiu oj uyuvikui ox

uyxvxaui+ Ebnxne}ix,joeyuim knxxn}azi }xnma}aoku uyeb nu Nlixaenk akmivikmik} eakiln

ebnccikgi oyx eobixikei gonc loxi }bnk lomiu}cq# lndakg ebnxne}ix eolvxibikuaok n

loxi akzoczim nkm ir}ikuazi vxoeiuu# hy} ncuo vo}ik}anccq n loxi un}aujqakg oki+ Oj

eoyxui# knxxn}aziu enk go }oo jnx ak}o akeobixikei ox enk jnac }o eobixi hienyui }biq nxi

hnmcq lnmi# nkm }bixi au ca}}ci un}aujne}aok ak }bn}+ Hy} }bi hiu} akmivikmik} jaclu voui

ak}ixiu}akg nkm wicc,mizicovim ebnccikgiu oj eobixikei }bn} uiid }o lnralapi oyx ak}ixiu}

86>


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ak ikgngakg wa}b }bi vxoeiuu oj jagyxakg oy} ebnxne}ix vuqebocogq+

+

868


41/44

a Jxa}p Cnkg## ]bi Jy}yxi oj }bi Jin}yxi Jacl ak Gixlnkq ak Nk}ok Dniu# Lnx}ak @nq nkm Imwnxm

Malikmhixg "imu+!# ]bi Wialnx Xivyhcae Uoyxeihood"Hixdiciq0 Y oj Encajoxkan V# >11=!# :85+

aaEnxxocc# Vbacouovbq oj BoxxoxnkmN Vbacouovbq oj Lnuu Nx}4 ]nk# Gxig L+ Ula}b+

aaa Ncnk @+ Jxamcykm#Bylnk Jneanc Irvxiuuaok0 Nk Izocy}aoknxq Zaiw "Unk Maigo0 Nenmilae V# >11=!#

8+

az Ebnxciu Mnxwak# ]bi Irvxiuuaok oj }bi Ilo}aoku ak Lnk nkm Nkalncu "Kiw Qoxd0 Orjoxm# >112!+

Ok vbquaogkolq# uii Ciucai N+ Pihxowa}p#Xinmakg Jneiu0 Wakmow }o }bi Uoyc? "Hoycmix0 Wiu}zaiw

V# >117!+

z Aham4 uii ncuo Jxamcykm4 Xouu Hyed# ]bi Eollykaen}aok oj Ilo}aok "Kiw Qoxd0 Gyacjoxm V# >12=!4

Xaebnxm U+ Cnpnxyu#Ilo}aok nkm Nmnv}n}aok "Kiw Qoxd0 Orjoxm YV# >11>!4 Xohix} Vcy}ebaed#

Ilo}aok0 N Vuqeboizocy}aoknxq Uqk}biuau "Kiw Qoxd0 Bnxvix * Xow# >126!4 @okn}bnk B+ ]yxkix# Ok

}bi Oxagaku oj Bylnk Ilo}aoku0 N Uoeaocogaenc Ak~yaxq ak}o }bi Izocy}aok oj Bylnk Njjie}"U}nkjoxm0

U}nkjoxm YV# 8666!+ Vnyc Idlnk "im+!#Mnxwak nkm Jneanc Irvxiuuaok0 N Eik}yxq oj Xiuinxeb ak

Xizaiw "Kiw Qoxd0 Nenmilae V# >175!4 nkm Vnyc Idlnk# @ouivb @+ Enlvou# i} nc+ "imu+!# Ilo}aoku

Akuami Oy}0 >56 Qinxu Nj}ix Mnxwaku ]bi Irvxiuuaok oj }bi Ilo}aoku ak Lnk nkm Nkalncu "Kiw

Qoxd0 ]bi Kiw Qoxd Nenmilq oj Ueaikeiu# 8665!+

za Vnyc Idlnk#Ilo}aok ak }bi Bylnk Jnei zoc+ 8 "Enlhxamgi0 Enlhxamgi YV# >128!+ =5+

zaa Aham4 uii ncuo Vnyc Idlnk nkm Ixadn Xouikhixg "imu+!# Wbn} }bi Jnei Xizincu0 Hnuae nkm Nvvcaim

U}ymaiu oj Uvok}nkioyu Irvxiuuaok Yuakg }bi Jneanc Ne}aok Eomakg Uqu}il "JNEU! "Kiw Qoxd0 Orjoxm

YV# >117!+

zaaa

Lnceocl Gcnmwicc# ]bi Kndim Jnei ]bi Kiw Qoxdix"9 Nygyu} 8668!# nznacnhci okcaki n}b}}v0//www+gcnmwicc+eol/8668/8668_62_69_n_jnei+b}l+

ar Vnyc Idlnk# Irvxiuuaok nkm }bi Kn}yxi oj Ilo}aok ak Dcnyu X+ Uebixix nkm Vnyc Idlnk "imu+!#

Nvvxonebiu }o Ilo}aok "Baccumnci# K@0 Ixchnyl# >12=!# 5>1,5=5+

r Ok jneanc irvxiuuaoku nkm cqakg# uii Vnyc Idlnk# ]iccakg Caiu0 Ecyiu }o Mieia} ak }bi Lnxdi}vcnei#

Voca}aeu# nkm Lnxxangi "Kiw Qoxd0 Kox}ok# 866>!+

ra ]bau irvixalik} au miuexahim ak Idlnk# Irvxiuuaok nkm }bi Kn}yxi oj Ilo}aok+

raa Mnkaic LneKiacc# ]bi Jnei "Hou}ok0 Ca}}ci# Hxowk# >112!# 8=8,8=5+

raaa Nk}okao Mnlnuao miuexahiu }bi kiyxovbquaocogq oj }bau mau}ake}aok hi}wiik }wo dakmu oj ulaciu nkm

nvvcaiu a} }o mau}akgyaubakg hi}wiik li}bom ne}akg nkm a}u nc}ixkn}aziu0 Mnlnuao#Miuenx}iu Ixxox0

Ilo}aok# Xinuok# nkm }bi Bylnk Hxnak "Kiw Qoxd0 ^yacc# >11=!4 jox n mi}nacim maueyuuaok oj ulaciu#

uii Lnxd G+ Jxnkd# Vnyc Idlnk# nkm Wnccnei Z+ Jxaiuik# Hibnzaoxnc Lnxdixu nkm Xieogkapnhaca}q oj

}bi Ulaci oj Ik`oqlik}# ak Idlnk nkm Xouikhixg# 8>7,8=84 nkm Laccaeik} B+ Nhic "im+!#Nk

Ilvaxaenc Xijcie}aok ok }bi Ulaci "Ciwau}ok0 Imwak Liccik V# 8668!+


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razBaccnxq Nkgix Icjikhiak nkm Kncaka Nlhnmq# Ok }bi Ykazixunca}q nkm Eyc}yxnc Uvieajaea}q oj

Ilo}aok Xieogka}aok0 N Li}n,Nkncquau Vuqebocogaenc Hycci}ak >82 "8668!# 865,859+

rz Oki akjcyik}ancnkm }qvaencirnlvci oj }bau voua}aok au Xymocvb Nxkbial# Jacl nu Nx}"Hixdiciq0

Y oj Encajoxkan V# >197!+

rza Dcnyu X+ Uebixix# Zoenc Njjie} Irvxiuuaok0 N Xizaiw nkm n Lomic jox Jy}yxi Xiuinxeb

Vuqebocogaenc Hycci}ak 11 ">12:!# >=5,>:9+

rzaa ]ol @obku}oki nkm Dcnyu X+ Uebixix# Zoenc Eollykaen}aok oj Ilo}aok ak Laebnic Ciwau nkm

@inkki}}i L+ Bnzacnkm,@okiu#Bnkmhood oj Ilo}aoku 8km im+ "Kiw Qoxd0 Gyacjoxm V# 8666!# 886,859+

rzaaa Idlnk# ]iccakg Caiu# 18,12+

rar @obku}oki nkm Uebixix+

rr Aham+

rra Vn}xad K+ @yucak nkm Vi}xa Cnyddn# Eollykaen}aok oj Ilo}aoku ak Zoenc Irvxiuuaok nkm Lyuae

Vixjoxlnkei0 Majjixik} Ebnkkicu# Unli Eomi? Vuqebocogaenc Hycci}ak >81 "8665!# 776,2>=+

rraa @obku}oki nkm Uebixix+

rraaa Dcnyu X+ Uebixix# Njjie} Hyxu}u ak U}ivbnkai B+L+ Znk Goopik# Knkki I+ Znk mi Vocc# nkm

@ouivb N+ Uixgink} "imu+!#Ilo}aoku0 Iuunqu ak Ilo}aok ]bioxq "Baccumnci# K@0 Ixchnyl# >11=!# >:>,

>15+

rraz Mnzam Hoxmwicc# Ak}ikuajaim Eok}akya}q0 Zauync U}qci ak Eok}ilvoxnxq Nlixaenk Jacl Jacl

^ynx}ixcq 99+5 "8668!# >:,82+

rrz ]bi irau}ikei oj hnuae ilo}aoku nkm ykazixunccq xieogkapim irvxiuuaoku oj }bil au n ln}}ix oj

mihn}i nlokg irvix}u ak }bi jaicm+ Uii @nliu N+ Xyuuicc# Au ]bixi Ykazixunc Xieogka}aok oj Ilo}aok

jxol Jneanc Irvxiuuaoku? N Xizaiw oj Exouu,Eyc}yxnc U}ymaiu Vuqebocogaenc Hycci}ak >>9 ">11=!#>68,

=>4 Vnyc Idlnk# U}xokg Izamikei jox Ykazixuncu ak Jneanc Irvxiuuaoku0 N Xivcq }o Xyuuicc'u Lau}ndik

Exa}a~yi Vuqebocogaenc Hycci}ak >>9 ">11=!# 8:2,274 Enxxocc I+ Apnxm# Akkn}i nkm Ykazixunc Jneanc

Irvxiuuaoku0 Izamikei Jxol Mizicovlik}nc nkm Exouu,Eyc}yxnc Xiuinxeb Vuqebocogaenc Hycci}ak >>9

">11=!# 822,114 nkm @nliu N+ Xyuuicc# Jneanc Irvxiuuaoku oj Ilo}aok0 Wbn} Caiu Hiqokm Lakalnc

Ykazixunca}q? Vuqebocogaenc Hycci}ak >>2 ">119!# 571,11+ Bowizix# ko oki mikaiu }bn} uoliilo}aoku nxi xieogkapim exouu,eyc}yxnccq n} n xn}i oj hi}}ix }bnk ebnkei4 }bi ~yiu}aoku lo}azn}akg }biui

mihn}iu xijix }o }bi ir}ik} oj xieogka}aok+

rrza Hyed+

rrzaa @yucak nkm Cnyddn+


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rrzaaa Oki nvvcaen}aok oj jneanc irvxiuuaok xiuinxeb }o jacl knxxn}azi }bioxq au Lyxxnq Ula}b# Mnxwak

nkm }bi Maxie}oxu0 Jacl# Ilo}aok nkm }bi Jnei ak }bi Ngi oj Izocy}aok# ]aliu Ca}ixnxq Uyvvcilik}7

Jihxynxq 8665# >5,>=+

rrar Ula}b#Ikgngakg Ebnxne}ixu4 Enxc Vcnk}akgn# ]bi Ueiki oj Ilvn}bq nkm }bi Bylnk Jnei ok

Jacl# ak Enxc Vcnk}akgn nkm Gxig L+ Ula}b "imu+!# Vnuuaokn}i Zaiwu0 Jacl# Eogka}aok# nkm Ilo}aok

"Hnc}aloxi0 @obku Bovdaku YV# >111!# 851,899+

rrrYkyuync hy} ko} ykbinxm oj0 ak }bi Byub ivauomi ojHyjjq }bi Znlaxi Ucnqixoxagaknccq naxim >=

@nkynxq >111# n miloku uvicc cinziu izixqoki ak Uykkqmnci ca}ixnccq uviiebciuu+

rrra @nliu N+ Xyuuicc nkm @ou Lagyic Jixkkmip,Mocu# Wbn} Moiu n Jneanc Irvxiuuaok Link? ak

@nliu N+ Xyuuicc nkm @ou Lagyic Jixkkmip,Mocu "imu+!# ]bi Vuqebocogq oj Jneanc Irvxiuuaok

"Enlhxamgi0 Enlhxamgi YV# >117!# 5,564 @nliu N+ Xyuuicc# @o,Nkki Hneboxowuda# nkm @ou Lagyic

Jixkkmip,Mocu# Jneanc nkm Zoenc Irvxiuuaoku oj Ilo}aokNkkync Xizaiw oj Vuqebocogq 9=

"Jihxynxq 8665!# 581,5=1+

rrraa Unccq Vcnkncv# Eollykaen}akg Ilo}aok ak Izixqmnq Caji0 Eyiu# Ebnkkicu# nkm Vxoeiuuiu ak Vi}ix

N+ Nkmixuik nkm Cnyxn D+ Gyixxixo "imu+!#Bnkmhood oj Eollykaen}aok nkm Ilo}aok0 Xiuinxeb#

]bioxq# Nvvcaen}aoku# nkm Eok}ir}u "Unk Maigo0 Nenmilae V# >112!# 81,=2+

rrraaa Icjikhiak nkm Nlhnmq+

rrraz @nliu N+ Enxxocc nkm @nliu N+ Xyuuicc# Jneanc Irvxiuuaoku ak Boccqwoomu Vox}xnqnc oj Ilo}aok#

@oyxknc oj Vixuoknca}q nkm Uoeanc Vuqebocogq 78+> ">117!# >:=,>7:+

rrrz Idlnk# ]iccakg Caiu# >96,>:6+

rrrza Vcnkncv4 Yxuycn Biuu# Nxzam Dnvvnu# nkm Dcnyu X+ Uebixix# Lyc}aebnkkic Eollykaen}aok oj

Ilo}aok0 Uqk}bi}ae Uagknc Vxomye}aok ak Dcnyu X+ Uebixix "im+!# Jnei}u oj Ilo}aok0 Xieik} Xiuinxeb

"Baccumnci# K@0 Ixchnyl# >122!# >:>,>28+

rrrzaa Vcnkncv+

rrrzaaa @ou Lagyic Jixkkmip,Mocu nkm @nliu L+ Enxxocc# Au }bi Linkakg Vixeiazim ak Jneanc

Irvxiuuaoku Akmivikmik} oj a}u Eok}ir}? ak Xyuuicc nkm Jixkkmip,Mocu "imu+!# 879,81=+

rrrar @nliu N+ Xyuuicc# Xinmakg Ilo}aoku Jxol nkm Ak}o Jneiu0 Xiuuyxie}akg n Malikuaoknc,

Eok}ir}ync Vixuvie}azi ak Xyuuicc nkm Jixkkmip,Mocu "imu+!# 819,586+

rc Icjikhiak nkm Nlhnmq+

rca ]bi ilo}aoknc xiuvokui oj uvie}n}oxu au n }ovae nmmxiuuim ak lnkq eogka}azau} jacl }bioxaiu# i+g+#

Enxxocc4 Ula}b#Ikgngakg Ebnxne}ixu4 Vcnk}akgn nkm Ula}b4 Gxig L+ Ula}b4 ]nk4 nkm ]oxhik Gxomnc#

Lozakg Vae}yxiu0 N Kiw ]bioxq oj Jacl# Gikxiu# Jiicakg# nkm Eogka}aok "Orjoxm0 Ecnxikmok# >117!+


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rcaa Icnaki Bn}jaicm# @obk ]+ Eneaovvo# nkm Xaebnxm C+ Xnvuok#Ilo}aoknc Eok}ngaok "Enlhxamgi0

Enlhxamgi YV# >11=!+

rcaaa ]bi amin oj ilo}aok liloxq eoliu jxol Eoku}nkak U}nkaucnzuda# Nk Ne}ox Vxivnxiu# }xnku+

Icapnhi}b Xiqkomcu Bnvgoom "Kiw Qoxd0 ]bin}ix Nx}u# >15:!+

rcaz

Dxau}ak ]bolvuok#Hxindakg }bi Gcnuu Nxlox0 Kiojoxlncau} Jacl Nkncquau "Vxakei}ok0 Vxakei}okYV# >122!+

rcz Ula}b# Mnxwak nkm }bi Maxie}oxu+

rcza Gxig L Ula}b+

rczaa Hoxmwicc# U}nagix nkm ]bolvuok 5>+

emotion expressions in commnication

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