MODULE -3

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT

1. Concern for environment in product development,production processes and cleaner production.

Environmental preservation is a crucial issue today.

Development of products in a environment-friendly way is a major concern.

A ‘green’ product development strategy is needed – ways :

a. Groom employees b. Hire experienced ‘green’ professionals. c. Engage consultants. How can we achieve economic growth with reduced industrial pollution and cleaner production ? It is a challenge.• Preserve natural resources and conserve

biodiversity. • Reduce risks to human beings and the

environment.• Apply improved technology .

2. Packaging, distribution and marketing.• Helps to keep the product in good condition•Should be simple, light and minimum•Protects the product from damage or contamination•Use bio-degradable packaging While designing a product and its packaging wastage of materials must be minimized .- Any wastage means cost - Less wastage means saving of money - Use reusable and recyclable packaging materials.- Adopt envt –friendly packaging .

The water bottling industry generates millions of tonnes of plastic wasteAchieve environmental and operational benefits by focussing on ‘green’ initiatives eg: Nestle A Plus(toned milk) Tropicana juice • Integrate material handling and warehouse

management systems.This reduces handling costs and energy consumption.

• Use advanced W/H management systems to minimise inventory and increase turnover.

• Introduce efficient transport network. This will reduce fuel consumption.

• With improved planning, forecasting and replenishment solutions , achieve operational efficiency in manufacturing and distribution.

3. Strategies for environment – friendly business operations

a) Run a paperless office: Digital storage of documents is cost-effective and envt. Friendly

b) When printing is un-avoidable, print on both sides of paper, thus we can have the amount of paper use.

c) Keep travel to a minimum. Email and tele- conferencing can reduce travel cost and time.

d) Have live marketing strategy : it will boost sales and cut costs.

e) Turn off equipment when it is not in use eg: computers, coffee machines ACs, fans

etc. this will avoid a massive waste of energy.f) Energy saving light bulbs(eg: CFL) They consume energy and consume the

envt. They use less electricity but produce same or more amount of light.

Green Funding Investment in companies businesses or

projects which are socially conscious and environmentally supportive.

Funding of a business that is environmentally sustainable

Focused on financial return and environmental benefits

Two views relating to environmental protection1. Anthropocentric view of envt. Man occupies the centre stage of planet earth Human beings are capable of managing planet

earth A healthy envt. depends upon a healthy economy Economic growth leads to better quality of envt.

2. Ecocentric view of envt. Economic growth must be sustainable We should conserve natural resources Natural resources must be judiciously used Must maintain ecological balanceEnvironmental Ethics Earth is a single biosphere Environmental safety is a global issue Industry cannot evade environmental responsibility Envt. is not free ‘Polluter pays’ principle

1. The Three Mile Island(Pennsylvania) nuclear accident on March 29,1979

2. The Kepone Affair in Hopewell, Virginia. A pesticide plant produced Kepone ,a pesticide effective against banana plants.1960-Allied Chemicals indicted in 1976

3. Chernobyl nuclear disaster in Ukraine, USSR on April 26, 1986 – radiation effect.

4. The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant in Japan devasted by earthquake and tsunami on March 11,2011- radio active contamination of sea water and soil, threat to marine life because of leak from three reactors.

o Business must obey the laws and tell the trutho A healthy environmental ethic is necessary. -----------------------