Product Specifications

The Thermo Scientific iCE 3000 SeriesAtomic Absorption Spectrometers combinedwith the VP100 accessory enables you toachieve detection limits comparable to anICP-MS, but at a fraction of the cost.• Fast Analysis

Analysis of a typical sample is possible inless than 60 seconds. The VP100’s uniquecontinuous flow design means that samplewash-out time is reduced and samplethroughput is increased.

• Superb performanceAn iCE 3000 Series Atomic AbsorptionSpectrometer and VP100 accessory cangive you detection limits in the parts pertrillion range for several important hydrideand cold vapor forming elements: As, Se,Ge, Bi, Pb, Te, Sb, Sn, and Hg.

• Fully customizableThe VP100 can be optimized to meet theexact needs of the user. With simple,software-controlled adjustments you willquickly be able to find the perfect balanceof speed and sensitivity for your analysis.

• User-friendlyAll the tubing and connections on theVP100 are color-coded, making set-up ofthe accessory quick and easy. The uniquedesign removes the need for switching-valves and makes the analysis simpler forthe user. The VP100 is entirely controlledby the Thermo Scientific SOLAAR Software,so any adjustments to instrumentparameters can be made using SOLAAR’sintuitive user interface.

• Easy to maintainThe unique continuous flow systemensures self-cleaning of the VP100. Theonly maintenance required is to wash thesystem with de-ionized or distilled waterwhen an analysis is complete.

VP100 Continuous Flow VaporGeneration SystemIncredible performance in a user-friendly package

The unique VP100 continuous flowvapor generation system offersexceptional performance, fastsample analysis and easy methoddevelopment. The system achievessuperb detection limits for hydrideand cold vapor forming elementsincluding mercury and arsenic.

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e l e m e n t a l a n a l y s i s

Principle of OperationHydride generation AAS uses a chemicalreaction to create volatile metal-hydridespecies which can be analyzed in the vaporphase. Suitable liquid reagents are mixedwith samples in a reaction zone to formhydride vapor. The vapor is separated fromthe liquid mixture in a gas-liquid separatorand carried to an atomization cell which canbe heated if required. When heated, thehydride decomposes to release atoms, whichare then measured by atomic absorption. Thecell can either be heated using the air-acetylene flame or by an electrically heatedfurnace. For the analysis of mercury, noheating is required as the chemicals usedform elemental mercury, which passes as avapor to the cell.

PerformanceThe VP100 vapor generation accessorycombined with the iCE 3000 Series AtomicAbsorption Spectrometers enables part pertrillion level detection of hydride and vapor-forming elements. Table 1 gives typicaldetection limits for some commonly analyzedelements. These figures are comparable withthose obtained via ICP-MS. In addition, thefigures are likely to be more reliable forarsenic and selenium due to the removal ofcommon ICP-MS interferences for thoseelements.

Characteristic DetectionConcentration Limit

µg/L µg/LAntimony 0.29 0.06Arsenic 0.2 0.05Bismuth 0.36 0.1Mercury 0.26 0.06Selenium 0.7 0.15Tellurium 0.46 0.1Tin 0.38 0.2

Table 1. Typical detection limits achievable withthe VP100 Vapor Generation Accessory and iCE3000 Series Atomic Absorption Spectrometers

Intelligent DesignThe VP100 has been designed to make vaporanalysis as fast, simple and sensitive aspossible. A unique, continuous flow designreduces wash-out times and eliminates carry-over. The gas-liquid separator is made fromadvanced materials that are completely inertto all reagents to reduce interferences andprolong its lifetime. All connections on theVP100 are color-coded to make set-up andmaintenance simple.

PrecisionOur use of state-of-the-art, mass-flowcontrolled gas supplies means that the VP100is not reliant upon older, less accurate gassystems. This means that we can preciselycontrol the carrier gas flow through theVP100. The accurate and precise mass-flowcontrolled system provides exceptional long-term stability, ensuring that gas flow rates donot change even if laboratory temperature orpressure varies.

EC90The electrically heated atomization cell(EC90) can be used in conjunction with theVP100. It provides better sensitivity andlower running costs compared to standardflame heating.

Specialized measurement kitsTo ensure that the best performance isachieved for each of the hydride-formingelements we have included two differentmeasurement cells. The T-cell is used for As,Se, Ge, Bi, Pb, Te, Sb and Sn. This silica cellis incredibly temperature-resistant, whichmeans that it can be heated to the optimaltemperatures to degrade the metal hydridesformed in the VP100. Mercury is analyzedusing a special mercury cell, specificallydesigned with a longer path length to allowyou to achieve the lowest possible detectionlimits.

Flexible analysisThe VP100 parameters can be adjusted usingthe software to allow you to fully optimizeyour analysis. Carrier gas flow and pumpspeed can be varied independently, whichallows you to find the perfect balancebetween speed and sensitivity.

Graph 1: Pump speed vs Absorbance andStabilization Time

Graph 2: Gas Flow vs Absorbance and Time

Conclusion

• The VP100 is a powerful tool for themeasurement of hydride-forming elements,achieving exceptionally low detectionlimits

• Its unique design provides fast, repeatableand accurate analyses

• The VP100 is fully controlled by theThermo Scientific SOLAAR software,eliminating manual optimization andmaking method development quick anduser-friendly

Product Specifications

Absorbance Stabilization Time

Absorbance Stabilization Time

PS40994_E 11/10C

Thermo Electron Manufacturing Ltd(Cambridge) is ISO Certified.

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