electrical presentation.ppt

8/14/2019 Electrical Presentation.ppt

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3 November 2013 Mahendra Singh, Asstt. Director 11


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Electrical Networks

Transmission

Generation

Distribution


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TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS


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HORIZONTAL CONFIGURATION VERTICAL CONFIGURATION


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SWITCHYARD/SUBSTAION


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Funct ion of sw i tchyard/Substat ion

Protection of transmission system Controlling the exchange of energy

Voltage control and reactive power

compensation Securing the supply by providing

adequate line capacity and facility for

changing transmission paths


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Data transmission via power line carrier forthe purpose of network monitoring,control

and protection

Determining the energy transfer throughtransmission lines and tie lines

Fault analysis and pin pointing the cause and

subsequent improvements

Establishing economic load distribution


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Classification of

switchyard/substationBased on service:

Static substations

Converting substations

Switching substations

Power factor correction substationBased on service vo ltage:

EHV substations

Primary substations,

Secondary substations,

Distribution substations

Industrial substations


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Based on type of mounting

Indoor type substation

Outdoor type substation

Based on configuration Conventional open terminal substations

Gas insulated substation(GIS)

Composite substations having combination ofthe above


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SWITCHGEARS

Isolate or connect the electrical circuit betweensource to load

Making & breaking an electrical circuit under

normal or abnormal conditions It is also a safety device, which provided

protection against abnormal conditions. Allelectrical machines like Generator or Powertransformers, Motors & Transmission lines

SwitchGears like load break switch, earthswitch,isolators(disconnecting switch, circuitbreakers)


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LOAD BREAK SWITCH(LBS)

LBS is an interrupting device, which can break the circuit at

7 to 8 times of the rated current Breaking the load current

Installed in the same circuit or back up by CBS


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EARTH SWITCH

ES is connected between the line conductor andearth

Normally open

When the line is disconnected, the ES is closed , to

discharge the voltage trapped in the line ES is mounted on the frame of isolator

To avoid Accident

Before proceeding to the maintenance work thisvoltage is discharged to the earth by closing theearth switch


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ISOLATORS(DISCONNECTING SWITCH)

Isolators Operate Under No Load Condition

Isolators are used for Breaking, Charging the Transmissionline

Isolators are provided on both side of the CB in order toensure Isolation(disconnection) of the CB from the mainparts for the purpose of Maintenance

Generally 3- Pole Isolators( 3 Identical Pole) are Used Simultaneous operation Is obtained By Interlocking Of The 3

Poles(all The 3 Pole,there Is A Common OperatingMechanism)

Operat ing MechanismElectrical Motor/Pneumatic System

Iso lators Types Single Break Switch,

centre Break Or Double Break Type

Pantograph Type


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Center Break Disconnectors


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Single Break Disconnectors


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Single Break Disconnectors


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CIRCUIT BREAKER

Based upon current interrupt ion & arc quench ing

Types

Air Circuit Breaker(ACB)

Air blast Circuit Breaker(ABCB)

Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker(BOCB)

Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker(MOCB)

Sulphur Hexa Fluoride(SF6)

Ultra Vacuum Breaker(VCB)


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INTERLOCK BETWEEN CB& ISOLATOR

Isolators can not operate unless the CB isopen

Bus-I& bus-II isolator can not be closedsimultaneously

Isolator can not operate when earth

switch on Only one bay(one feeder load) can be

taken on by-pass or transfer bus


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PROTECTIVE FUSE &RELAYS

An automatic device and it senses the

abnormal conditions (Detect the fault)in the

power system and gives alarm intern isolate

the unhealthy system

Supply the information to the CB for Circuit

interruption

RELAY CIRCUIT


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RELAY CIRCUIT


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INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

Current Transformers(CTs)are used to stepdown the currents for the purpose ofmeasurement,protection and control

Secondary ratings 1 or 5A

For ex. 10,000/5A , 100/1A

Voltage Trans form er(VTS)

Secondary ratings 100V,110V,115V

For ex. 400KV/110V, 230KV/115V


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CARRIER CURRENT EQUIPMENT ( LINE OR

WAVE TRAP)

It is required for communication

Line trap is connected between

transmission line and coupling capacitor


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LIGHTNING ARRESTORS

It is a device designed to protect electrical

equipment from lightning

10KA to 90KA 2000KV


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Control cable

Modern power system is very complex, it isnecessary to provide automatic operation andinterlocks

SWITCH BOARDS

It consists of meters,relays and controlequipments

CONTROL ROOM

It consist of switchboard,carrier currentequipment,batteries


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Power Transformer

It is used to step up / step down the voltage

The voltage rating 15 or 15.75kV/230 or

400kV (210MW)

In TPS,GT(step up t/f)

UAT,UST, ST,SAT,SST,,ET(step down

transformer)

ICT( step up and step down)


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Earthing System

Security and safety of the personnel andequipment

ELECTRICAL SHOCKFlow of current in the human body

Poor ins ulation apparatus

Open & short ci rcu i t due to equipment fai lure

Faul ty o r poo r qual i ty wires

Incorrect u se of electr ic al gadgets(lack of

knowledge)

l ightn ing

SINGLE BUS BAR ARRANGMENT


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SINGLE BUS BAR ARRANGMENT


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SINGLE BUS BAR WITH SECTIONALIZER


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BREAKER AND A HALF SCHEME


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3 November 2013 Mahendra Singh Asstt Director 54

electrical presentation.ppt

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