el niño and the southern oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/es106/es106.2007.0604.glaciersenso.pdf · el...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Global WarmingEl Niño and the Southern Oscillation
Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581STM: Ch 25, p. 545-568
Glaciers
Earth ScienceChapter 6
p. 154-159, 168-173
Southern Hemisphere Northern Hemisphere
Ice Age Sea Level on North America Valley and Piedmont Glaciers
• Malaspina Glacier, Alaska
![Page 2: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Crevasse Glacier movement, tracked by stakes
Glacial Snow BudgetStriations and
polish
Cycle of valley glacier erosion U-Shaped Valley with tarns
![Page 3: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Hanging Valley Arete
Cirque, Horn Fiord
Lateral moraine Lateral and Medial Moraine
![Page 4: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Moraine deposit Loess
Continental Glacial deposits Pleistocene Ice Maximum
Upper Midwest End Moraines Coastal moraines of New England
![Page 5: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Upper Midwest drainage before glaciation
Upper Midwest Drainage—after glaciation
• Deranged drainage after ice melts
Pluvial Lakes of Southwest
Ice Age Sea Level on North America
Iceberg Photo Iceberg diagram
![Page 6: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Bering land bridge
http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~dennis/Our_Changing_Climate.html
Location of 300 MY Continental Glaciation
Location of 300 MY Continental Glaciationwith continents located 300 mya Elliptical orbit
Axial Tilt variation obliquity
![Page 7: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Precession of axial tilt Milankovitch cycles
Northern hemisphere insolation differences due to Milankovitch
cycles
Oxygen isotope fractionation
Temperature record from O-18 Threshold diagram
![Page 8: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Positive Climate Feedback Loops
• Ice albedo decreases temperature, increases ice. Reduced ice increases temperature
Ice-albedo feedback loop
Positive Climate Feedback Loops
• Ice albedo decreases temperature, increases ice. Reduced ice increases temperature
• Glacial periods result in larger arid areas, increasing delivery of iron nutrients to sea, lowering CO2 levels, and temperature
• Lowering sea level will expose reefs to weathering. Reaction consumes CO2 , lowering temperature. Rising sea level has opposite effect
Negative Climate Feedback Loop
• Forest die out during glacial ages, reducing mechanism to remove CO2 from atmosphere, increasing temperature
Forest cover—negative feedback Temperature compared to sulfur aerosol concentration
![Page 9: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Nutrient cycle Nutrients related to sea level change
Ozone Hole Atmospheric feedback mechanisms
Carbon cycle Temperature trend 30 years
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_average_temperature Red and green are trends predicted from satellite measurements
![Page 10: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Temperature trend 150 years Temperature Trend 2000 years
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_average_temperature
Temperature Trend 12,000 Years
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_average_temperature
Temperature trend 450,000 years
• Curves of reconstructed temperature at two locations in Antarctica and a global record of variations in glacial ice volume. Today's date is on the left side of the graph
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_average_temperature
Temperature trend 5,000,000 years
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_average_temperature
Temperature Trend 65,000,000 years
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_temperature_record
![Page 11: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Temperature trend 500,000,000 years
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_temperature_record
Temperature Change
Northern Hemisphere surface temperature variation Hydrocarbon CO2 emission trend
Atmospheric Carbon dioxide trend US energy use
![Page 12: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Rice paddy field Sea Ice Breakup at Antarctica
Ocean carbonate buffer Shoreline shift with sea level rise
Implication of sea level rise
• Building for passive Sun heating• Photovoltaic and Water heating also
incorporated• Note operable skylight for cooling
• http://www.earthship.com/staticpages/index.php?page=sale&osCsid=e2e983564ec7a5b9921a71236bed60c8
![Page 13: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
WindPower
• http://www.bergey.com/
Geothermal
http://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld012.htm
Geothermal
http://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld045.htm
Geothermal
Brady Hot Springs, northern Nevada, dries onions for Burger Kinghttp://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld087.htm
Geothermal
Reykjavik in the 1930shttp://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld094.htm
Geothermal
Reykjavik today http://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld095.htm
![Page 14: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Tidal Lagoon
• http://www.forbes.com/global/2003/0721/042chart.html
http://www.forbes.com/global/2003/0721/042chart.html
Grand Coulee Dam
• Hydroelectric power• North America’s
largest concrete structure
• Located on the Columbia River in Central Washington
Biomass
• Direct burning of plant material• Oil harvested from seeds• Plant material converted to
– Alcohol: methanol and ethanol– Converted to methane
El Nino animation Normal equatorial flow
![Page 15: El Niño and the Southern Oscillationwou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0604.GlaciersENSO.pdf · El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040908/5e8081c08111df206c6fb5a5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Vertical normal flow ENSO disruption of flow
Vertical ENSO flow Normal vs. enso pressures