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“Ek Ruka Hua Faisla”

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Movie By :- Basu Chatterjee

CONTENTS

Introduction About Movie. Movie review.What is PerceptionFactors influencing perceptionAttribution theoryLink between perception & individual decision makingImproving creativity in decision makingDecision maker in various styleDifferent Behaviours.Making choices.Conclusion.

Ek Ruka Hua Faisla is a 1986 Hindi film, directed by Basu Chatterjee. It is a remake of the Golden Bear winning, American motion picture 12 Angry Men (1957), which was directed by Sidney Lumet.

1. Background : There is a 19 yrs old boy who has been alleged as murder of his father by the court .

2. Court Decision : A panel of 12 Juror appointed to decide that, the boy has actually murdered his father or not.

3. Clause in Court’s statement : Jurors have to make One Decision either murder or not-murderer. 4

INTRODUCTION

The Character

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The knife; the tool used to murder the old man

Eye witness 1 – an old man who was the neighbor of the victim

Eye witness 2 – a lady who lives opposite to the victim’s house

Key evidences in the Murder Case

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89101112Advertising Architect

ContractorLawyer

“Business Organisation”HEAD

Sales Marketing

Purchase

Service Parts

OperationsManufacturingHR Finance

R&D

SIS

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89101112Advertising Architect

ContractorLawyer

“JUROR”HEAD

Sales Marketing

Purchase

Service Parts

OperationsManufacturingHR Finance

R&D

SIS

JUROR

1. Different People 2. Different Background

3. Different Profession 4. Different Age Groups

5. Different Mindsets

Deepak Kejriwal

1 2 3 4

Pankaj Kapur S. M. Zaheer

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

Subhash Udghate Hemant Mishra M. K. Raina K. K. Raina

Annu Kapoor Subbiraj Shailendra Goel Aziz Qureshi 7

Amitabh Srivastava

JJUROP FOR CASE

WHAT IS PERCEPTION ? DEFINITIONS

STEPHEN ROBBINS

“ Perception is a process by which individual’s organise and interpret the sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.”

FRED LUTHANS

“Perception is an important mediating cognitive process through which persons make interpretations of the stimulus or situation they are forced with.”

Factors influencing perception

FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION

Perception is influenced by a variety of individuals and situational factors. Any perceptual event has three components

viz. – a perceiver, the person perceived and

the situational context in which the perception is occurring. Let’s explore

each of these under following headings :

1. Attributes of the person perceived2. Attributes of the perceiver and

3. Attributes of the situation.

ATTRIBUTES OF THE PERSON PERCEIVED

The first major influence on perception is of the target, that is the person perceived. In particular, the following attributes of target can be identified:

i) Physical appearanceii) Verbal and non verbal communicationiii) Statusiv) Occupationv) Personal characteristics

ATTRIBUTES OF THE PERCEIVER

Several attributes unique to our personalities can affect how we see others. These include the following :i) Self conceptii) Cognitive structureiii) Response salienceiv) Previous experiences

ATTRIBUTES OF THE SITUATION

Elements in the surrounding environment also influence perception process. Some of these are as follows :i) Social context ii) Organisational roleiii) Location of event

ATTRIBUTION THEORY

Describes how people explain the causes of behaviorFocuses on why people behave the way they doAttributions can be made about the self or another personBiases reduce the accuracy of attributions

TYPES OF ATTRIBUTIONS

CLASSIFICATION OF CAUSES

internal external

person object circumstances

ATTRIBUTION OF CAUSE Person : (The juror was guilty )

Object :(victim is guilty) Circumstances (circumstances made the behavior easy) Interaction between the factors

– Person-object (this juror towards this very victim)– Person-circumstances (this juror in these specific

circumstances)– Object-circumstances (this victim in these specific

circumstances)– Person-object-circumstances (this juror towards this very

victim in these specific circumstances)

ATTRIBUTION THEORY: JUDGING OTHERS

Our perception and judgment of others are significantly influenced by our assumptions of the other people’s internal states.

Internal causes are under that person’s control.

External causes are not – person forced to act in that way.

Causation judged through: Distinctiveness

Shows different behaviors in different situations.

ConsensusResponse is the same as others to same

situation.

ConsistencyResponds in the same way over time.

Frequently Used Shortcuts in Judging

Others

Selective Perception– People selectively interpret what they see on

the basis of their interests, background, experience, and attitudes.

Halo Effect– Drawing a general impression about an

individual on the basis of a single characteristic

Contrast Effects– Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that

are affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics

Perceptions and Individual Decision Making

•Problem– A perceived discrepancy between the

current state of affairs and a desired state•Decisions

– Choices made from among alternatives developed from data

•Perception Linkage:– All elements of problem identification and

the decision making process are influenced by perception.

• Problems must be recognized• Data must be selected and evaluated

Individual Differences in Decision-Making

PersonalityConscientiousness may effect

escalation of commitmentAchievement strivers are likely to increase

commitmentDutiful people are less likely to have this

bias

Self-EsteemHigh self-esteem people are susceptible to

self-serving bias

Cause

Ethics in Decision Making

– Utilitarianism• Decisions made based solely on the outcome• Seeking the greatest good for the greatest number• Dominant method for businesspeople

– Rights• Decisions consistent with fundamental liberties and

privileges• Respecting and protecting basic rights of individuals

such as whistleblowers

– Justice• Imposing and enforcing rules fairly and impartially• Equitable distribution of benefits and costs

Improving Creativity in Decision Making

Creativity– The ability to produce novel and useful

ideas

– Those who score high in Openness to Experience

– People who are intelligent, independent, self-confident, risk-taking, have an internal locus-of-control, tolerant of ambiguity, low need for structure, and who persevere in the face of frustration

The Three-Component Model of Creativity

Proposition that individual creativity results from a mixture of three

components• Expertise (K. K. Raina )

-This is the foundation

• Creative-Thinking Skills – The personality characteristics

associated with creativity

• Intrinsic Task Motivation – The desire to do the job because of its

characteristics

DIFFERENT BEHAVIOR • ACTIVE:-A person active by nature always have the quality of initiating. we observe few active personalities, amongst one who was the initiator.Other active members supported the initiative taken by that individual.

• ACTIVE-CONSTRUCTIVE:-Active-Constructive people are those who are active in a constructive way.They are initiatives and ideas have a constructive thought in their mind.we see that after the initiative of one individual was supported by few active-constructive personalities.eg:- Mr. K.K Raina is the best example of active-constructive personality. He initiated the discussion and he had supportive ideas. His arguments were more logical, practical and more based on reasoning. In the entire decision making process he was very patient and calm. In the end he convinced all his committee members who were against, with his practical approach.

Mr. Anu Kapoor and Mr. S. M. Zaheer were also active-constructive by nature as they brought many strong points during the discussion.

DIFFERENT BEHAVIOR

• PASSIVE:-

Individuals with passive personalities are those who never take initiatives and are least bothered about the situation around them.

• PASSIVE-CONSTRUCTIVE:-

Individuals who are passive-constructive by nature does not take any initiative but when a suggestion is asked they have wide and constructive ideas to share.

In the movie we find Mr. Subhash Udgate, Mr. Shailendra Goyal, Mr. Amitabh Shrivastav and Mr. Hemant Mishra with this kind of personality. This individuals were not initiative takers but when they were asked to support the case, they had very unique ideas and with that they supported the decision making process in constructive way.

DIFFERENT BEHAVIOR• PASSIVE-DESTRUCTIVE:-

Individuals with this personality never take any initiative and even when asked for the suggestions they always have the destructive ideas. Never supportive in any situation.

Mr. M. K. Raina is the best suited example for this personality. He was least bother in the decision making of one individual’s life. His personal affairs were more important to him than the life of that boy. He didn’t show any active support in decision making. He was highly influenced by majority.

Mr. Azeez Kureshi is also had this kind of personality. Least concerned of the situation and enjoying personal leisure.

Summary and Managerial Implications

•Perception:– People act based on how they view their world– What exists is not as important as what is

believed– Managers must also manage perception

•Individual Decision Making– Most use bounded rationality: they satisfice– Combine traditional methods with intuition

and creativity for better decisions• Analyze the situation and adjust to culture and

organizational reward criteria• Be aware of, and minimize, biases

CONCULSION

Coming to the conclusion:-

We saw that a person with active constructive personalty is always a good leader. While we saw various other personalities and other management fundaments used in this movie.