EAST ASIA III

(CHAPTER 9: 473-491)

THE JAKOTA TRIANGLE CHARACTERISTICS

– Great cities– Enormous consumption of raw materials– State-of-the-art industries– Voluminous exports– Global links– Trades surpluses– Rapid development

CHALLENGES– Social problems– Political uncertainties

– Vulnerabilities

•Transportation •Resources•Cities

JAPAN

JAPAN’SCORE AREA

OUTLINE OF JAPANESE HISTORY

600 - 800 Chinese cultural influence 1000 -1300 War, Medieval society

arises, shoguns evolve 1600 -1867 Tokugawa Shogunate,

isolation, foreigners and Christianity expelled, individualistic culture, emphasis on Shinto belief system

1853 - Commodore Perry acquires new treaties with the outside

MEIJI RESTORATION

1868 Rebellion brought in reformers Reinstated the emperor and began to

transform Japan from a Feudal society with pre-machine age technology to an industrial power

Adopted aspects of the British model Launched a systematic study of the

industrialized world Focus was on industrialization and education

system

EXPANSIONIST JAPAN

TAIWAN 1895 KOREA 1910 PACIFIC ISLANDS POST W.W.I MANCHURIA 1931 CHINA 1937 HONG KONG 1939 SOUTHEAST ASIA 1941

JAPAN’S POST WWII TRANSFORMATION

1945 –1952: Allied Occupation– Economic reshaping– Labor legislation– Constitution– Civil rights– Land reform– U.S. “Helping hand” policy

DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS

LIFE EXPECTANCY - 2nd (22nd) INFANT MORTALITY - 1st (29th) GNP PER CAPITA - 3rd (6th) LITERACY RATE - 9th (6th) EDUCATIONAL RANK - 15th (2nd) HUMAN DEVELOPMENT - 3rd (2nd)

– JAPAN VS (UNITED STATES)

POPULATION COMPARISONS

285

127

50

23

0

50

100

150

200

250

300M

ILL

ION

S

INDIA JAPAN

70+60-6950-5940-4930-3920-2910-19

0-9

AGEMALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE

20 10 0 10 2030 15 0 3015

Percent of Population Percent of Population

POPULATION PROFILES

JAPAN’S AGE DISTRIBUTION

AGE GROUP

PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION

0-14 Years 18.4% 14.9%

15-24 Years 15.4% 11.6%

25-64 Years 54.5% 49.6%

65+ Years 11.7% 23.9%

______________________________________________________

100%100%

1990 2025

SOURCE: UNITED NATIONS WORLD POPULATION

PROSPECTS 1990 (NEW YORK: UNITED NATIONS, 1991)

DECLINING JAPANESE POPULATION

Total fertility rates

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

1.44

1.65

1.24

1.66

2.06

DECLINING JAPANESE POPULATION

Population: 127.2 million Birth rate: 9 births/1,000 Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 Growth rate: 0.1% Doubling time: 462 years Net migration rate: -0.34 migrants

per 1,000 people

KOREA

KOREA

The size of “Idaho” but with a population of 74 million

Turbulent political history:– A dependency of China– A colony of Japan’s– Divided along the 38th parallel by Allied

Powers > WWII (1945)– Cease-fire line established in1953

NORTH-SOUTH CONTRASTS NORTH KOREA

– 55% of the land, 1/3 of the population, extremely rural

– Antiquated state enterprises– Inefficient, non-productive agriculture– Limited trade – former Soviet Union and China

SOUTH KOREA– 45% of the land, 2/3s of the population, highly

urbanized– Modern factories– Intensive, increasingly mechanized agriculture– Extensive trade – US, Japan, and Western

Europe

THE KOREAS

POPULATION 23,700,000

50,200,000

GNP (BILLIONS) $ 21.3 $ 508.3

GNP/CAPITA $ 920 $ 8,600

AGRICULTURE RESTRICTIVE GOOD

– (as % of GNP) 25 % 8 %

– (% work force) 36 % 21 %

LAND USE PATTERNS

RUGGED MOUNTAINSINDUSTRIAL AREAMAIN RICE PRODUCINGSECONDARY RICE PRODUCINGFREE TRADE ZONE

SEOUL Capital of Korea (late 1300s - early

1900s) 9.9 million people Located in the northwest corner of

South Korea – just south of the DMZ The urban-industrial center!

– Textiles, clothing, footwear, electronic goods

Vulnerabilities?

SEOUL

TAIWAN

TAIWAN Historical background:

– A Chinese province for centuries– Colonized by Japan in 1895– Returned to China > WWII– 1949 – Chinese Nationalists (supported by the

US) fled from the mainland and established the Republic of China (ROC)

Territory - approximately 14,000 Square miles

Population – 23.7 million 77% urbanized

FOUR ECONOMIC TIGERS

“TIGER”FormerState

Date of

Split

• SINGAPORE MALAYSIA 1965

• HONG KONG CHINA 1841

• TAIWAN CHINA 1949

• SOUTH KOREA KOREA 1952

THE FOUR TIGERS(ISSUES AND CONCERNS)

Vulnerability to Global Market Fluctuations Land Use Competition Urban Problems Environmental Degradation Political Questions Post Industrial Economy

EAST ASIA III

(CHAPTER 9: 473-491)