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EAST ASIA III
(CHAPTER 9: 473-491)
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THE JAKOTA TRIANGLE CHARACTERISTICS
– Great cities– Enormous consumption of raw materials– State-of-the-art industries– Voluminous exports– Global links– Trades surpluses– Rapid development
CHALLENGES– Social problems– Political uncertainties
– Vulnerabilities
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•Transportation •Resources•Cities
JAPAN
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JAPAN’SCORE AREA
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OUTLINE OF JAPANESE HISTORY
600 - 800 Chinese cultural influence 1000 -1300 War, Medieval society
arises, shoguns evolve 1600 -1867 Tokugawa Shogunate,
isolation, foreigners and Christianity expelled, individualistic culture, emphasis on Shinto belief system
1853 - Commodore Perry acquires new treaties with the outside
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MEIJI RESTORATION
1868 Rebellion brought in reformers Reinstated the emperor and began to
transform Japan from a Feudal society with pre-machine age technology to an industrial power
Adopted aspects of the British model Launched a systematic study of the
industrialized world Focus was on industrialization and education
system
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EXPANSIONIST JAPAN
TAIWAN 1895 KOREA 1910 PACIFIC ISLANDS POST W.W.I MANCHURIA 1931 CHINA 1937 HONG KONG 1939 SOUTHEAST ASIA 1941
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JAPAN’S POST WWII TRANSFORMATION
1945 –1952: Allied Occupation– Economic reshaping– Labor legislation– Constitution– Civil rights– Land reform– U.S. “Helping hand” policy
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DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
LIFE EXPECTANCY - 2nd (22nd) INFANT MORTALITY - 1st (29th) GNP PER CAPITA - 3rd (6th) LITERACY RATE - 9th (6th) EDUCATIONAL RANK - 15th (2nd) HUMAN DEVELOPMENT - 3rd (2nd)
– JAPAN VS (UNITED STATES)
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POPULATION COMPARISONS
285
127
50
23
0
50
100
150
200
250
300M
ILL
ION
S
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INDIA JAPAN
70+60-6950-5940-4930-3920-2910-19
0-9
AGEMALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE
20 10 0 10 2030 15 0 3015
Percent of Population Percent of Population
POPULATION PROFILES
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JAPAN’S AGE DISTRIBUTION
AGE GROUP
PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION
0-14 Years 18.4% 14.9%
15-24 Years 15.4% 11.6%
25-64 Years 54.5% 49.6%
65+ Years 11.7% 23.9%
______________________________________________________
100%100%
1990 2025
SOURCE: UNITED NATIONS WORLD POPULATION
PROSPECTS 1990 (NEW YORK: UNITED NATIONS, 1991)
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DECLINING JAPANESE POPULATION
Total fertility rates
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
1.44
1.65
1.24
1.66
2.06
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DECLINING JAPANESE POPULATION
Population: 127.2 million Birth rate: 9 births/1,000 Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 Growth rate: 0.1% Doubling time: 462 years Net migration rate: -0.34 migrants
per 1,000 people
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KOREA
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KOREA
The size of “Idaho” but with a population of 74 million
Turbulent political history:– A dependency of China– A colony of Japan’s– Divided along the 38th parallel by Allied
Powers > WWII (1945)– Cease-fire line established in1953
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NORTH-SOUTH CONTRASTS NORTH KOREA
– 55% of the land, 1/3 of the population, extremely rural
– Antiquated state enterprises– Inefficient, non-productive agriculture– Limited trade – former Soviet Union and China
SOUTH KOREA– 45% of the land, 2/3s of the population, highly
urbanized– Modern factories– Intensive, increasingly mechanized agriculture– Extensive trade – US, Japan, and Western
Europe
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THE KOREAS
POPULATION 23,700,000
50,200,000
GNP (BILLIONS) $ 21.3 $ 508.3
GNP/CAPITA $ 920 $ 8,600
AGRICULTURE RESTRICTIVE GOOD
– (as % of GNP) 25 % 8 %
– (% work force) 36 % 21 %
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LAND USE PATTERNS
RUGGED MOUNTAINSINDUSTRIAL AREAMAIN RICE PRODUCINGSECONDARY RICE PRODUCINGFREE TRADE ZONE
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SEOUL Capital of Korea (late 1300s - early
1900s) 9.9 million people Located in the northwest corner of
South Korea – just south of the DMZ The urban-industrial center!
– Textiles, clothing, footwear, electronic goods
Vulnerabilities?
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SEOUL
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TAIWAN
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TAIWAN Historical background:
– A Chinese province for centuries– Colonized by Japan in 1895– Returned to China > WWII– 1949 – Chinese Nationalists (supported by the
US) fled from the mainland and established the Republic of China (ROC)
Territory - approximately 14,000 Square miles
Population – 23.7 million 77% urbanized
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FOUR ECONOMIC TIGERS
“TIGER”FormerState
Date of
Split
• SINGAPORE MALAYSIA 1965
• HONG KONG CHINA 1841
• TAIWAN CHINA 1949
• SOUTH KOREA KOREA 1952
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THE FOUR TIGERS(ISSUES AND CONCERNS)
Vulnerability to Global Market Fluctuations Land Use Competition Urban Problems Environmental Degradation Political Questions Post Industrial Economy
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EAST ASIA III
(CHAPTER 9: 473-491)