earth as a sphere new presentation pp

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LESSON PLAN

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MATHEMATICS FORM 5

http://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/Informasi%201.ppt



NORTH POLE

SOUTH POLE

EASTWEST

LONGITUDELATITUDE

MALAYSIA●



Great circle is any circle

that passes through the

north and the south

poles or with the center

as the centre of the

earth.

GREAT CIRCLE

●

O

N

S



One-half of a greatcircle joining the North

and the South Poles is

called a meridian.

S

N

● OO

Longitude of a meridian is

determined by the angle

between its plane and the

plane for Greenwich Meridian

(east or west).

Greenwich Meridi

an 0 o

LONGITUDE



Example :

G is stated on the Greenwich

Meridian .

L is 80o to the right of G.

So the longitude of L is 80o E.

K is 60o to the left of G.

So the longitude of K is 60o

W.

K and M is a diameter of a

circle centred C.

KCM = 180o .

So Longitude M is 120o E

N



The Great Circle

which the plane

are perpendicular

to the poles is

known as the

equator

Marked as 0o

North direction

N

S

0

o

South direction

•The circle

with plane

which are

parallel to the

equator plane

is known as

parallel of

latitude

LATITUDE



Latitude Of a Point

Latitude is an angle at the centre of the earth that

subtended by a meridian beginning from the equator

to the parallel of latitude which is either to the North

or to the South of the equator.

Latitude A is 50

o

N

●

Latitude B is 10

o

S

●

NORTH

SOUTH

EQUATOR



N NN

N

S

S

S S

Look at the angle made by equator

plane and parallel latitude 60

o

N

The angle between the

equator plane and the north

plane is 90

o



Example :

Based on the diagram, O is

the centre of the earth

State the latitude of point

a) W b) X c) Y

Solution:

a) W is 72

o

to the north equator.

So the latitude for W is 72

o

N.

b) X is 65

o

to the south equator

So the latitude for X is 65

o

S.

c) Y is located at the same parallel latitude with W.

Thus, latitude for Y is 72

o

U.



Exercise 2 : State the latitude of the following

point :

1. Latitude Q is

3. Latitude L is

Q

N

2. Latitude P is

68

o

N 55

o

N 68 o N 68

o

S 5

o

S 55

o

N



Location Of A Place

Location of a place at the surface of the earth can

be determine by its latitude and longitude

For example, based on the above figure Paris is located

at point P

Location of Paris is written as 48

o

50’ N,20

o

20’ E

What is the location of Q ?



Distance between Two

points/places

• There are only 2 ways of calculating the distancebetween two places on the surface of the earth.

• 1. If the two points/places are between North

and South (one in the North and the other in theSouth), then the Distance = dif ference in

degrees X 60

•

• eg. P(30 N, 70 W) Q (20 S, 70 W)

• Distance = 50 x 60 = 3000 nautical miles



• If the two points/places are between East and

West (ie. along the common latitude), then

• the Distance = dif ference in degrees X 60 X

Cosine of the common lati tude

• eg. P(60 N, 40 E) Q (60 N, 30 W)

• Distance = 70 x 60 x cos 60N = 2100nautical



Calculations involving Speed,

Time and Distance:

• If there is a question on this matter, then

use the simple law: Speed =

Distance/Time.

1.The distance is calculated using theformula above (as in this topic - distance

between two points)

2. So, Time = Distance/Speed.



• Exercise earth as sphere.docx

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