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LESSON PLAN
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MATHEMATICS FORM 5
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NORTH POLE
SOUTH POLE
EASTWEST
LONGITUDELATITUDE
MALAYSIA●
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Great circle is any circle
that passes through the
north and the south
poles or with the center
as the centre of the
earth.
GREAT CIRCLE
●
O
N
S
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One-half of a greatcircle joining the North
and the South Poles is
called a meridian.
S
N
● OO
Longitude of a meridian is
determined by the angle
between its plane and the
plane for Greenwich Meridian
(east or west).
Greenwich Meridi
an 0 o
LONGITUDE
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Example :
G is stated on the Greenwich
Meridian .
L is 80o to the right of G.
So the longitude of L is 80o E.
K is 60o to the left of G.
So the longitude of K is 60o
W.
K and M is a diameter of a
circle centred C.
KCM = 180o .
So Longitude M is 120o E
N
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The Great Circle
which the plane
are perpendicular
to the poles is
known as the
equator
Marked as 0o
North direction
N
S
0
o
South direction
•The circle
with plane
which are
parallel to the
equator plane
is known as
parallel of
latitude
LATITUDE
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Latitude Of a Point
Latitude is an angle at the centre of the earth that
subtended by a meridian beginning from the equator
to the parallel of latitude which is either to the North
or to the South of the equator.
Latitude A is 50
o
N
●
Latitude B is 10
o
S
●
NORTH
SOUTH
EQUATOR
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N NN
N
S
S
S S
Look at the angle made by equator
plane and parallel latitude 60
o
N
The angle between the
equator plane and the north
plane is 90
o
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Example :
Based on the diagram, O is
the centre of the earth
State the latitude of point
a) W b) X c) Y
Solution:
a) W is 72
o
to the north equator.
So the latitude for W is 72
o
N.
b) X is 65
o
to the south equator
So the latitude for X is 65
o
S.
c) Y is located at the same parallel latitude with W.
Thus, latitude for Y is 72
o
U.
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Exercise 2 : State the latitude of the following
point :
1. Latitude Q is
3. Latitude L is
Q
N
2. Latitude P is
68
o
N 55
o
N 68 o N 68
o
S 5
o
S 55
o
N
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Location Of A Place
Location of a place at the surface of the earth can
be determine by its latitude and longitude
For example, based on the above figure Paris is located
at point P
Location of Paris is written as 48
o
50’ N,20
o
20’ E
What is the location of Q ?
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Distance between Two
points/places
• There are only 2 ways of calculating the distancebetween two places on the surface of the earth.
• 1. If the two points/places are between North
and South (one in the North and the other in theSouth), then the Distance = dif ference in
degrees X 60
•
• eg. P(30 N, 70 W) Q (20 S, 70 W)
• Distance = 50 x 60 = 3000 nautical miles
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• If the two points/places are between East and
West (ie. along the common latitude), then
• the Distance = dif ference in degrees X 60 X
Cosine of the common lati tude
• eg. P(60 N, 40 E) Q (60 N, 30 W)
• Distance = 70 x 60 x cos 60N = 2100nautical
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Calculations involving Speed,
Time and Distance:
• If there is a question on this matter, then
use the simple law: Speed =
Distance/Time.
1.The distance is calculated using theformula above (as in this topic - distance
between two points)
2. So, Time = Distance/Speed.
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• Exercise earth as sphere.docx