early industry and inventions manufacturing, transportation, communication, and farming
TRANSCRIPT
Jump Start
• Get a reading off of the front table
• Read the section “Free Enterprise and Factories” Mark/circle/highlight all people, places, and
things Make the three columns with the works found
5 W’s & H
• Who was involved?
• What did they do/invent?
• Where did they have the most influence?
• When did this take place?
• Why did they do/invent what they did?
• How did it effect the country?
Industrial Revolution
• Up until the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing was done in the home Farm families produced what they needed This was known as the cottage industry
• In the 1700’s, Britain jumped ahead of the U.S. in industrial production 1705- steam engine
• Britain carefully guarded their secret…why do you think they would do this?
Begins in the U.S.
• 1789- Samuel Slater came to the U.S. from Britain with plans for a water powered textile mill in his head What region would be
good for water powered mills? Why?
• Progress was slow until the Embargo Act of 1807 How did this help?
Factory System
• The factory system had many workers under one roof working at machines.
• Many people left farms and moved to the city to work in factories.
• They wanted the money that factories paid.
• This change was not always for the better. In what ways would industrialization be
negative?
Factories Come to New England
• New England was a good place to set up factories Had many
fast-moving rivers
Ships for quick transport of goods
Willing labor force
The Lowell Mills Hire Women
• In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory in Massachusetts
• The factory spun cotton into yarn and wove the cotton into cloth.
• “Lowell girls” lived in boardinghouses supervised by older women Strict rules Forced church attendance
• Worked over 12 hours a day in extremely loud factories
Think-Pair-Share
• How did the Industrial Revolution develop in the United States and what type of change did it generate? Pg. 325-326
Interchangeable Parts, Steamboat, Telegraph, Cotton Gin
Inventions: Changes in production, Transportation, and Communication
Interchangeable Parts
• The first interchangeable parts were created by Eli Whitney Military hired him to make 10,000 muskets…would take 2 years!
• Interchangeable parts- Identical parts that can be substituted in the manufacture or repair of a product
• Whitney created muskets with exactly the same parts, so any part would fit any gun
• Factories began producing matching parts to many products Sped up production, made repairs easier, and allowed the use of lower-
paid, less skilled workers.
The Cotton Gin
• Eli Whitney also invented the cotton gin
• The gin took the seeds out of the cotton, which was much faster than doing it by hand From 1 to 50 lbs per day
• Resulted in cotton as a viable cash crop Increased the need for
more land and slaves
Think-Pair-Share
• How did industrialization in the North and the invention of the cotton gin in the South lead to increased sectionalism? Pg. 332-334
Steamboat
• Some inventions increased production BUT others improved transportation and communication
• 1807- Robert Fulton designed a steamboat that could move against the current and the wind Clermont
• The steamboat created more opportunities for trade and transportation on rivers.
The Telegraph
• 1837- telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse
• Sent long and short pulses of electricity along a wire
• Took only seconds to communicate with another city
• The invention of the steamboat and telegraph brought the people of the nation closer to each other