e ndocrine s ystem glands, hormones, and intercellular communication
TRANSCRIPT
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEMGlands, Hormones, and intercellular communication
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WHAT IS A HORMONE?
Similar, sometimes identical substances that have a similar mechanism of action wherever they’re produced.
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WHY ARE HORMONES IMPORTANT?
Regulate Homeostasis Keeps everything
balanced
Regulate function of other body systems i.e. structural/skeletal
Bone formation i.e. digestive system
metabolism i.e. reproductive system
menstrual cycle
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HOW DO HORMONES WORK ANYWAY?
Endogenous substance
Made by a cell or gland
Travels to target cells via the bloodstream Enter the cell by
endocytosis or… Binds and initiates a
response
Sonic Hedgehog“faster than the naked eye!”
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WHAT ARE SOME CAUSES OF HORMONE IMBALANCE?
Genetic:
Genes may not function Proteins may not be
synthesized correctly Ex. Myostatin Protein Ex. Collagen Production
Dude looks like a lady!
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MY, OH MY, OH MYOSTATIN! Protein that inhibits muscle growth
Mighty Mouse!
I’ll have what he’s havin!!!
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THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ENDOCRINE AND EXOCRINE SYSTEM
Gland: Structure that synthesizes a product to be exported from the cells.
Endocrine glands: NO DUCTS!
Exocrine glands: DUCTS!
i.e. sweat, oil for hair/skin Move substances to a body organ or to the
surface
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LET’S MEET THE GLANDS THAT MAKE THE MAGIC HAPPEN!
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THE PITUITARY GLAND
Posterior: Oxytocin: Uterine Contractions Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
Controls blood fluid volume Targets the kidneys More water is removed from urine
Anterior: Melanocyte stimulation growth hormone
Growth Hypo= Dwarfism Hyper= GIGANTISM!
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A QUICK STORY ABOUT LIFE, LOVE, AND FROG PITUITARY GLANDS!
Xenopus laevis “The African Clawed Frog” Hypophysectomy
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THYROID GLAND: G. THYREOS=SHIELD
Affects almost every physiological process in your body
Looks like a butterfly landed on your windpipe
2 lobes connected by isthmus Think “isthmus of Panama!”
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THYROID CONTINUED:
Main duties of the thyroid: Regulate cellular metabolism Regulate cellular respiration Rate cells use glucose Rate of glycogen breakdown Maintains 98.6 Regulate growth Stimulate mental processes THE LIST CONTINUES!
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THYROID PROBLEMS
Thyroid Cancer Goiter Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism: Underproduction of thyroid hormone Leads to Weight Gain
Hyperthyroidism: Overproduction of thyroid hormoneLeads to Weight Loss
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INTERMISSION! LET’S RELAX A MINUTE!
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ADRENAL GLAND
Located on top of kidneys “Ad”= “renal”= Produces
Epinephrine a.k.a.-
Fight or Flight! What happens when
the fight or flight response is activated?
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MOOORTALLL COMMBAAAAAATT!!!TEST YOUR MIGHT!
Eyes:
Lungs:
Bowel:
Blood Vessels:
Saliva:
Skin:
Heart:
Stomach:
Muscles:
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TESTES/OVARIES
Testes produce estrogen Ovaries produce testosterone
Both lead to development of secondary sex characteristics
TESTOSTERONE
ESTROGEN
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HORMONE MANIPULATION: REPLACEMENT THERAPY
Testosterone High Levels: Men
Increased Sex Drive Increased Muscle Mass
Low Levels: Men
Estrogen High Levels: Women
Decreased Sex Drive Decreased Muscle Mass
Low Levels: Women
Hormone replacement therapy may be used to combat these symptoms! OR . . . .
It can do other stuff!