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 DEEP DRILLING, DEEP POCKETS:

Expenditures of the Natural Gas Industry

in New York to Influence Public Policy

PART III: Campaign Contributions

A Report by Common Cause/New York

January 2012

74 Trinity Place, Suite 901

New York, NY 10006

www.commoncause.org/ny

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 This report was prepared by Susan Lerner, Deanna Bitetti and

Brian Paul of Common Cause/New York with the assistance of 

Common Cause/NY interns Louis Cholden‐Brown, Katie Claro,

and Christina Levin

We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Park Foundation

Contact Brian Paul at 212‐691‐6421 or via email at

bpaul@commoncause.org with any questions you may have.

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1

OnJune30,2011GovernorAndrewCuomoliftedayear‐longmoratoriumonthepracticeof high

volumehydraulicfracturing(fracking)inNewYorkStateputinplacebytheStateLegislatureandhis

predecessorGovernorDavidPaterson.GovernorCuomofurtherdirectedtheDepartmentof 

EnvironmentalConservation(DEC)toreleasethefirstrounddraftof theSupplementalGeneric

EnvironmentalImpactStatement(dSGEIS).

Immediatelyuponissuingthesedirectives,GovernorCuomoappointeda“High‐VolumeHydraulic

FracturingAdvisoryPanel”responsiblefordraftingrecommendationsaimedatensuringthatDECand

otheragenciesareenabledtoproperlyoversee,monitor,andenforcerulesgoverningdrilling

procedures,aswellastomakerecommendationsonhowbesttomitigateimpactstolocal

governments.1

OnSeptember7th2011,GovernorCuomo’sDECofficiallyreleasedthereviseddraftSupplemental

GenericEnvironmentalImpactStatement(rdSGEIS)forhighvolumehydraulicfracturing(fracking)in

NewYorkState.2ThepubliccommentperiodwillendJanuary11,2012andhasincludedonlyfour

publichearings

for

the

entire

state.

In

addition,

DEC

has

not

committed

to

forestall

permitting

until

regulationshavebeenfinalized.Byissuingdraftregulationsbeforetheenvironmentalreviewprocessis

complete,DECisdeprivingNewYorkersof theopportunityfortheircommentstobeconsideredinthe

developmentof thosedraftregulationsandinlightof thefinalSGEIS.

Goodgovernancerequiresathoughtfulanddeliberativeapproachwheneverwearelookingtocreateor

implementpublicpolicydecisions.Thehydrofracturingdebateisacomplexissuewithextraordinary

economicandenvironmentalconsequencesforNewYorkState.CommonCause/NYhasshownover

andoveragainthatthenaturalgasindustryisseekingtoexertinfluenceonourstategovernmentas

decisionsabouthydro‐frackinginNewYorkStatemoveforward.AstheNewYorkTimesnotedina

recentarticle,

“the

lobbying

push

in

New

York

comes

as

part

of 

abroader

industry

effort

to

influence

publicopiniononnaturalgasdrillingandtopersuadelawmakersingas‐richstatestolookmore

favorablytowardallowingit,”creatinga“cottageindustryforpaidlobbyists”.3

InpreviousreportsbyCommonCause/NYentitled"DeepDrilling,DeepPockets:Expendituresof the

NaturalGasIndustryinNewYorktoInfluencePublicPolicy,"weprovidedadetailedanalysisof the

naturalgasindustry'slobbyingexpendituresinNewYorkState.WeshowedthatasNewYorkState

determineswhethertopermitnaturalgasexploitationusingthecontroversialhydraulicfracturing

technique,industryhaspouredmillionsof dollarsintolobbyingtheGovernorandtheNewYorkState

Legislature.Theinfluenceof privateinterestmoneyonthepartof thenaturalgascompaniesstandsto

undulytip

the

balance.

Overthepastyear,CommonCause/NYhascalledonGovernorCuomoandtheNewYorkState

Departmentof EnvironmentalConservationtoextendthepubliccommentperiodbeyondthemodestly

extendeddeadlineof January11th.Reasonstosupportanextensionincludethedesireof constituents

tohaveadequatetimeforreviewof thedocument,lingeringdoubtsabouttheabilityof theDECto

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2

properlyregulatethenaturalgasindustrygivenbudgetconstraints,andgeneralapprehensionover

hydro‐frackinginNewYorkbecauseof thelargeamountsof moneyindustryhasinjectedintothis

debatetoinfluenceelectedofficials.CommonCause/NYbelievesalongerextensionwillhelptoensure

thattheprocessbywhichregulatoryoversightwillbeconductedisproperlyvettedandthattheprocess

includesadequateopportunitiesforpublicparticipation.

ItisclearthatNewYorkhastheopportunitytobeanationalmodelinthewayinwhichitapproaches

regulationof naturalgasextractionthroughhydrofracking,if itisabletoresisttheconcertedeffortto

swayorhastentheprocess.Becausetheconsequencesof inadequateregulationmayhaveirreversible

consequencesforthestate’swaterandenvironment,citizens’concernsthattheregulatorydecisions

maynotbemadewithappropriatedeliberationandbasedonfactsandscienceareheightenedby

recentevents.

!  The$223,000studyof theimpactsof hydro‐frackingonNewYorkStatewasconductedby

EcologyandEnvironmentInc.,aglobalenvironmentalandconsultingfirmthatcountsoiland

gascompanies

among

its

clients

and

that

could

potentially

gain

business

from

increased

drilling

inthestate,asfirstreportedbytheNewYorkTimes.TheStateisspendingalmost$1,000apage

tohaveanoutsideconsultantstudytheimpactsof hydro‐fracking.Themereperceptionof a

conflictof interestonthepartof thecompanythatiswritingthisreportbecauseof the

opportunityforself ‐gainduetoanexpeditedpermittingprocessforfrackingbegsforamore

thoroughvettingof thereportbycommunitygroups,advocatesandconstituents.

!  Inastateaslargeasours,NewYorkersdeservetohavetheDEChostmorethan justfourpublic

hearings.InNewYorkCitywithapopulationof roughlyeightmillionpeople,thestatehosted

onlyonemeetingandinWesternNewYorkovereighthundredpeoplelineduptospeakatone

of thepublichearings.Inaddition,partsof CentralNewYorkandotherareaswheredrillingwill

haveadirectimpactonqualityof lifeandcommunitieshavebeencompletelyleftoutof the

hearingprocess.

InordertobesurethatthedocumentthatwillregulatehowfrackingisconductedinNewYorkStateis

seenaslegitimateandcontainstheproperregulatoryoversightmechanismsandprocedures,itis

imperativethattheprocessbeastransparentaspossibleandengageasmanystakeholdersaspossible.

Intheprocessof determiningourstate'spoliciestowardstheuseof hydro‐frackingtoextractnatural

gasfromshaleformations,NewYork'selectedrepresentativesandappointedofficialsmuststrikethe

rightbalance,weighingpotentialeconomicbenefitsagainstpotentialenvironmentalcatastrophe.This

meanstakingasmuchtimeaspossibletoensureregulatoryoversightandmechanismsareinplaceand

thatasmuchpublicandexpertinputaspossibleisgarnered,aswellastakingcarethatindustryefforts

toswaytheprocessarefullydisclosedandapparenttothepublic.

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3

Methodology:!

Topreparethisreport,CommonCause/NYidentifiedcampaigncontributionsgivenbynaturalgas

interestsfromJanuary2007toOctober2011asreportedtotheBoardof Elections.

Forthepurposesof thisreport,wedefined“naturalgasinterests”ashavingasignificantfinancialstake

inthe

expansion

of 

hydraulic

fracturing

in

the

Marcellus

Shale.

This

definition

includes

the

corporations

directlyinvolvedinthedrillingaswellasthoseinvolvedinthedistributionandtransmissionof Marcellus

gasandtheenergyitwillproduce.

Ourpreviousanalysisof lobbyingrecordsforgroupshavinglobbiedontwomoratoriumbillsintheState

Legislaturein2010helpedsetafoundationforourdataset.Weincludednamesof anycompanywith

pendingleasesbeforetheDepartmentof EnvironmentalConservation,aswellascrossreferenced

namesof companieswithlistsof companynamesprovidedtousbygrassrootsadvocacygroupsand

environmentalgroups.Wealsousedsuchwebsitesaswikimarcellus.comandindustrypublicationslike

thePipelineandGasJournaltofurtherpopulateourlistof naturalgasentities.Wethenranthenames

of entitieswehadidentifiedthroughthecampaigncontributiondatabasewhichCommonCause/NYhas

builtfrominformationobtainedfromthestateBoardof Elections.

Thelistof naturalgasentitiesidentifiedinthisreportisadmittedlyincomplete.Theidentifyingof 

naturalgasentitiesisanon‐goingprocess.If youbelievetherearecompaniesorfirmsthatarenotlisted

inthisreportthatshouldbeincluded,pleasecontactResearchCoordinatorBrianPaulat

bpaul@commoncause.orgorat212‐691‐6421.

!

SUMMARY!

FromJanuary2007toOctober2011,theNaturalGasindustrymade2,349!campaign!contributionsto

stateandlocallevelNewYorkpoliticiansandparties.Thesecontributionsrepresentover$1.34!million!

in!industry !spending!"!$1,340,246.58 .Whatimpactdoesoveramillionindustrydollarsdistributedto

candidatesandcommitteesaroundthestatehaveontheofficialssettingpublicpolicy?That’sthe

questionwhichNewYorkersshouldbeaskingtheirelectedrepresentativesandappointedofficialsas

NewYorkStatedetermineswhethertopermit,andhowtoregulate,naturalgasexploitationusingthe

controversialhydraulicfracturingtechnique.

Thisreportanalyzesthemoniesspentbyindustrytoinfluencedecision‐makingatalllevelsof 

governmentsothatthepubliccanmorefullyunderstandthepolicymakingprocessandholdtheir

representativesaccountabletoensurethatitisfairandobjective.

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Heavy!Hitters:!The!Gas!Industry’s!“Dirty!Dozen”!

!

Thefollowingtoptwelvecompaniesandgasassociationscontributed !$1,215,257.2!toelectedofficials

andcampaigncommitteesacrossthestate,representingover90%of thetotalamountof campaign

contributionsacross

the

natural

gas

industry.

!

!

4

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InNewYorkState,whereonly7%of campaigncontributionscomefromsmalldonors

contributing$250orless4

,theamountscontributedbythe“DirtyDozen”aresignificant.significant.

National!GridNational!Grid –Publiclytradedutility(NGG:$35billionmarketcap)operatingregulatedelectricityand

naturalgasinfrastructureintheUnitedKingdomandUnitedStates.Withoverthreemillioncustomers,

NationalGridisthelargestdistributerof naturalgasintheNortheastUS .InNewYork,NationalGrid

provideselectricityandnaturalgasdistributionforLongIslandandmuchof upstate.WhileNationalGrid

engagesonabroadarrayof energyissues,thecompanyhasasignificantstakeintheexpansionof 

frackingintheMarcellusShaleduetoitsinvestmentsingastransmissioninfrastructure.NationalGrid

hasalarge

ownership

stake

in

the

Millennium

Pipeline,

5

6alarge

natural

gas

pipeline

running

from

the

SouthernTierMarcellusregionstoRocklandCounty.

InanarticleinthePipeline!and !Gas! Journal ,aNationalGridexecutiveexplainedhiscompany’ssupport

forfrackingintheMarcellus:

5

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6

“Fundamentally,Marcellusisaboutenhancedreliabilityforus;adiversityof supplyoptions,

newpathsandgreaterflexibilitytodealwithmattersonanhourlyanddailybasis.Marcellus

representsaclean,localandpotentiallyendlesssupplyof NaturalGas,thisisgoingtobegreat

forourcustomers.Inourminds,alargesupplysourcepotentiallyhastheabilitytoreduce

volatilityandreducepriceslongterm…the[Millennium]pipelineisanassetthatissittingrightin

themiddle

of 

the

Marcellus

shale

gas

play;

it

represents

another

viable

path

as

time

goes

on.

ThepipelineisnicelypositionedandwillbecomeagreatpieceinbringinggastotheNYC

metropolitanarea.”7

Con!Edison! –!Publiclytradedutility(ED:$17billionmarketcap)operatingregulatedelectricityand

naturalgasinfrastructureintheNewYorkCitymetropolitanarea.Deliversnaturalgastoroughly1.1

millioncustomersinNewYorkCityandWestchesterCounty.WhileConEdengagesonawidearrayof 

energyissues,thecompany,likeNationalGrid,hasasignificantstakeintheexpansionof frackinginthe

MarcellusShaleduetoitsinvestmentsingastransmissioninfrastructure.ConEdisinpartnershipwith

SpectraEnergyCorp,StatoilNaturalGas,andChesapeakeAppalachiaontheexpansionof theTexas

Easternand

Algonquin

Gas

pipeline

systems

to

deliver

Marcellus

gas

directly

to

Con

Ed’s

distribution

systeminNewYorkCity.8Upontheannouncementof thispartnership,ChesapeakeCEOAubrey

McClendonstated“Chesapeake'sindustry‐leadingpositionintheMarcellusShaleprovidestheperfect

supplysourcetohelpenergyconsumersintheNewYorkCityareareducetheirdependenceon

expensiveimportedoilandcarbon‐heavycoal.”ConEd’sreasonsforsupportingfrackingarelikely

similartothoseexpressedbyNationalGrid;Marcellusrepresentsalargelocalsupplysourcethatcan

helpreducevolatilityandstabilizeprices.

National!Fuel!""!Withalmosthalf of itsincomecomingfromitspipelineandstoragesegment,which

providesinterstatenaturalgastransportationandstorageservices,aswellasanactiveexploration

business,National

Fuel

has

akeen

interest

in

supporting

fracking

in

New

York

State.

National

Fuel,

accordingtoitswebsite,isan“integratedenergycompany”with$4billioninassetsspreadacrossfive

principalsegments.Thelargestof thosesegmentsare:ExplorationandProduction(SenecaResources

Corporation),PipelineandStorage(NationalFuelGasSupplyCorporationandEmpireStatePipeline)and

Utility(NationalFuelGasDistributionCorporation).SenecaResourcesCorphasitsheadquartersin

Houston,Texas.SenencaisalargenaturalgasandoilcompanywithinterestsintheAppalachianRegion

includingtheMarcellusShaleandisoneof thelargestnaturalgascompaniesinPennsylvania.

FormoreinformationonNationalFuelseeCommonCause/NY’sreport“CONNECTTHEDOTS:National

Fuel:PowerPlayerinNewYorkState,”atwww.commoncause.org/ny/nationalfuel!

The!Independent

!Power

!Producers

!of 

!New

!York,

!Inc.

!(IPPNY)

is

atrade

association

representing

companiesinvolvedinthedevelopmentof electricgeneratingfacilities,thegeneration,sale,and

marketingof electricpower,andthedevelopmentof naturalgasfacilitiesintheStateof NewYork.

IPPNY‐NYdefinesitself,forexample,asa“tradeassociationrepresentingmorethan100companies

involvedinthedevelopmentof generation,marketingandsaleof electricpowerandnaturalgasinNew

YorkState,”andnotonlyisalargecontributorof campaigncontributionstovariouscandidates,butalso

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7

isarecipientof fundsfromothernaturalgascompanies.IPPNYrepresentsalmost75percentof the

electricgeneratingcapacityinNewYork.IPPNYhasbeenastrongsupporterof drillinginNYandhas

opposedbillsattemptingtoplaceamoratoriumondrillingintheMarcellusShale.9

Competitive!Power!Ventures!(CPV)!""!Backedbymorethan$300millionindevelopmentfunding

fromWarburg

Pincus

10

,CPV

has

embarked

on

an

aggressive

development

program

for

natural

gas

powergenerationfacilities;bothcombined‐cycleandpeakingunits.TheCompanyhasdirectedits

developmenteffortatregionsintheU.S.andCanadawhereoldercoal‐firedpowerplantsareinlinefor

replacement.!

NYSEG!/!RG!&!E!/!Iberdrola! –!NYSEG(NewYorkStateElectricandGas)andRG&E(RochesterGasand

Electric)aresubsidiariesof IberdrolaUSA.Together,thetwocompaniesserveover500,000naturalgas

customers,mostlyinWesternNewYorkandtheSouthernTier.11Iberdrolaisaglobalenergy

conglomeratebasedinSpainwithamarketcapof over30billioneuros.NYSEG,RG&E,andIberdrola

supporttheexpansionof thenaturalgasindustryanditsdomesticproductionintheUS.

Constellation!Energy –Publiclytradedenergycompany(CEG:$7.7billionmarketcap),Constellationis

thenation'slargestcompetitivesupplierof electricitytolargecommercialandindustrialcustomersand

thenation'slargestwholesalepowerseller.41%of Constellation’senergysuppliescomefromNatural

Gas12.In2011,ConstellationwasboughtbyExelonCorp,forminganewcombinedcompanythatisone

of thelargestenergyprovidersinthecounty.Thecompanyisshiftingitsfocusfromdevelopmentof new

nuclearpowerplantstonaturalgas.ExelonCEOJohnRowerecentlystatedhissupportforfrackingin

theMarcellusatanenergyconferenceinPhiladelphia:“WhatwehavetodayinPennsylvania,inthe

wholeNortheast,isthegreatdomesticblessingof cheapnaturalgas…Icanbuildgas‐firedcapacityin

waysthatallowPennsylvaniatocompetewithChina…fearsabouthydraulicfracturingwillmostlyprove

untrue.”13

Central!Hudson!Gas!&!Electric –isasubsidiaryof CHEnergyGroupandisapubliclytradedelectricity

andnaturalgasutility(CHG:$865millionmarketcap)operatinginthecentralHudsonValley.The

companyisastrongproponentof frackingintheMarcellus.CEOStevenLantrecentlystatedthat

frackingisaneconomicopportunity“toogoodtopassup”andbelievesthatitwill“leveltheplaying

fieldwhenitcomestotheNortheast’senergymarketaswellashelpcurbtheexodusof  jobsand

populationthatNewYorkStatehasbeenexperiencing.14”

Dominion!ResourcesakaDominionTransmissionInc.(NEWYORKSTATEE:D,$30billionmarketcap)is

a

Richmond,

Virginia‐

based

public

utility

that

operates

one

of 

the

largest

natural

gas

distribution

and

storagenetworksintheUnitedStates.Dominionisalsoaproducer –thecompanyownsdrillingrightsin

600,000to800,000acresof theMarcellusShaleandisactivelyengagedinleasingtheserightstodrillers

suchasAnteroResources.15

IOGA! –!Independent!Oil!and!Gas!Association!""!istheprimarytradeorganizationforcompaniesand

professionalsinthefossilfuelproductionindustryinNewYork.IOGAanditsExecutiveDirectorBradGill

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havebeenvocalsupportersof openingNewYork’sMarcellusforfracking.Regardingthe2010

moratoriumbill,BradGillstated“Itwouldbeirresponsibletoseelawmakerscavetothescaretacticsof 

radicalopponents,anditwouldbeaslapinthefacetolandowners,NewYorktaxpayers,allthepeople

of theSouthernTier,aswellastheDEC,toallowamoratoriumbilltopassintheLegislature.”16IOGA

maintainsthe“MarcellusFacts.com”website,whichispresentedasanobjectivesourceof public

informationon

the

Marcellus

Shale

fracking

issue.

Chesapeake!Appalachia! –anditspubliclyparentcompanyChesapeakeEnergyCorporation(CHK:$15

billionmarketcap)isthesecond‐largestproducerof naturalgasintheUnitedStatesandthemostactive

drillerof newwellsinthenation.InNewYork,Chesapeakehasbeenoneof theindustry’smost

aggressivepromoters,spendingalmost$1.7milliononlobbyingsince2007,includingamillion‐dollar

grassrootsadvertisingcampaignin2010.FormoreinformationonChesapeake’slobbyingactivitiesand

thelobbyingactivitiesof othernaturalgasentitiesinNewYork,seeCommonCause/NY’sreport“Deep

Drilling,DeepPockets,PartII‐LobbyingExpenditures”

NRG!

Energy!

 –!

is

a

publicly

traded

energy

corporation

(NRG:

$4.13

billion

market

cap)

that

owns

numerousnaturalgaspowerplantsinNewYorkandplanstobuildabrandnewplantinConEd’sAstoria

complexthisyear.17NRGalsoownsEnergyPlusCompany,arapidlygrowingdistributerof naturalgasin

NewYork.NRGBoardMemberKathleenMcGintywasnamedasoneof sevenmembersof President’s

Obama’shydraulicfracturingstudypanel.18

Thisreport’snaturalgasindustrydatasetalsoincludes26!other!companies/organizations!which!made!

campaign!contributions!to!New!York!State!politicians/parties!but!did!not!exceed!$20,000!in!total!

donations.19Foradetailedspreadsheetof everytransaction,pleasecontactBrianPaulat

bpaul@commoncause.org

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

8

The!Business

!Council 

!of 

!New 

!York 

!State

!and 

!Unshackle

!Upstate

!!

NewYork’smostinfluentialstatewidebusinesslobby,TheBusinessCouncilof NEWYORKSTATE,hasbeenastrong

supporterof openingtheMarcellusShaleforfracking.FormerPresidentandCEOKennethAdams,appointedtolead

theEmpireStateDevelopmentCorporationbyGovernorCuomo,isamajorcheerleaderfortheindustryandvocally

opposedthe2010moratoriumbill*.TheBusinessCouncil’spromotionof theeconomicbenefitsof frackingcontinues

underacting‐presidentHeatherBriccettiandisoneof theorganization’stoplegislativepriorities**.

From!January!2007!to!October!2011,!the!natural!gas!industry!entities!identified!in!this!report!contributed!$19,300!to!

the!Business!Council!PAC.!The!Business!Council!PAC!contributed!over!$280,000!to!New!York!State!politicians!and!

parties!during!this!period,!an!amount!that!included!$83,750!to!Senate!Republican!soft!money,!$26,900!to!Assembly!

Democratic!soft!money,!and!$9,000!to!Cuomo"Duffy!2010.!!The!Business!Council!is!also!one!of !New!York’s!top!

lobbyists,!spending

!over

!$3.2

!million

!during

!this

!period

!to

!build

!influence

!in

!Albany.

!

AnothermajorbusinessorganizationsupportingfrackingistheUnshackleUpstatecampaign***, backedbyupstate

businessinterestsincludingtheRochesterBusinessAllianceandBuffalo‐NiagaraPartnership.ExecutiveDirectorBrian

Sampsonisoftenquotedinfavorof frackinginthepress.Unshackle!Upstate!spent!$841,783!on!lobbying!from!2007!

to!October!2011!on!a!combination!of !direct!lobbying!and!grassroots!strategies!addressing!a!myriad!of !issues.

*http://www.bcNewYorkState.org/inside/energy/2009/110909DECMarcellusTestimony.htm

**http://www.bcNewYorkState.org/inside/actionagenda.htm

***http://www.unshackleupstate.com/legislative‐activity/legislative‐memos/energy‐and‐environment/hydro‐moratorium

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Spreading!Gas!Money!Around!

Lookingatthedetailedbreakdownof the$1.34millioninnaturalgasindustrycampaigncontributions

fromJanuary2007toOctober2011,almost75%of themoneywenttotheStateLegislature(State

Senatecandidates,statepartysoftmoney,andStateAssemblycandidates).

WhilecandidatesfortheStateSenatereceivedthelargestshare,over$300,000wenttotheSenateand

Assembly“softmoney”accountsthatarefreefromlimitations.Donatingtothelegislature’ssoftmoney

accountsisanimportantwaytobuildinfluencewiththeSenateandAssemblyleaders.

Over$200,000wenttofundgubernatorialcampaigns,andalmost$100,000wenttovariouslocal

candidatesaroundthestate(includingcountyexecutives,countylegislators,citycouncilmembers,town

supervisors,andmayors)andalmost$30,000wenttocountyandtownlevellocalpartycommittees.

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Looking

at

the

breakdown

of 

the

state

legislative

donations

by

party,

natural!

gas!

interests!

favored!

Republican!candidates!and!soft!money!accounts!in!the!Senate!by!more!than!2!to!1.

In!the!Assembly,!natural!gas!interests!donated!more!to!Democratic!candidates!than!Republican!

candidates,!but!gave!more!to!Republican!Assembly!soft!money.!

!

10

!

!

!

!

!

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!

The!Cuomo"Duffy!2010!campaign!was!by!far!the!largest!gubernatorial!recipient!of !natural!gas!industry!

money,!receiving!a!total!of !$153,816.06!from!January!2007!to!October!2011.!

Duringhiscampaign,Cuomoreleasedanenergypolicypositionpaperstatingthat“theeconomic

potentialfromtheMarcellusshalecouldprovideabadlyneededboosttotheeconomyof theSouthern

Tier,”buttemperedthissupportbynotingthatit“mustnotcomeattheexpenseof humanhealthor

adverseenvironmentalimpacts20.”

Shortlyafterhereleasedthispositionpaper,CityLimitsrananarticlenotingthat“Powercompanies

withastake

in

natural

gas

are

among

Cuomo's

largest

campaign

contributors.”

21

!

11

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Top!10!State!Legislative!Recipients!of !Natural!Gas!Money!

The!Top!10!State!Legislative!recipients!of !natural!gas!industry!contributions!collected!$231,557.00!

from!January!2007!to!October!2011.

In!addition!to!the!focus!on!the!Republican!members!of !the!State!Senate!majority,!the!natural!gas!

industry!has!targeted!leaders!and!members!of !the!Energy!Committees!in!both!the!Senate!and!

Assembly!as!well!as!Senators!representing!the!Southern!Tier!and!Finger!Lakesareasof thestatethat

willbeattheepicenterof drillingactivityif frackingisapproved.

George!Maziarz!(R)!62nd

!SD! –!SenateVicePresidentProTempore.HoldingakeypositionasChairof 

theSenateEnergyCommittee,GeorgeMaziarzistheSenate’smostenthusiasticandoutspoken

supporterof 

the

natural

gas

industry

and

hydro

‐fracking.

Maziarz

voted

against

the

2010

moratorium

billandhasreleasednumerouspressbulletins22insupportof fracking.SenatorMaziarzrecently

attendedanIOGAgasindustryconferencewherehestated“It’sbeenproventhatit[fracking]canbe

doneinasafeway,”andsuggestedthathishomeregionof NiagaraFallscouldseean“economicboom”

frompurifyingtoxicfrackingfluids.23Withalmost$40,000inindustrycontributionssince2007,there’s

noquestionthatMaziarz’campaignfundshavealreadyseenaneconomicboomfromfracking.

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13

Michael!Nozzolio!(R)!54th

!SD! –!RepresentstheFingerLakesregionof WesternNewYork,including

areaswherehydro‐frackingispredictedtotakeplace.IncontrasttoSenatorMaziarz’senthusiastic

promotionof theindustry,SenatorNozzoliohasbeenmorecautiousaboutembracingfracking.He

votedinfavorof the2010moratoriumandhascalledforadditionalprotectionsforallFingerLakes

watersheds.24Asamemberof theSenatemajorityrepresentingadistrictwherefrackingwilllikelytake

place,Nozzolio’s

reluctance

to

embrace

fracking

is

significant

and

the

natural

gas

industry

has

an

importantstakeinseekingtoinfluencetheSenator’sstance.

Kevin!Cahill!(D)!101st!AD! –HoldsakeypositiontothenaturalgasindustryasChairof theAssembly

EnergyCommittee.Inhispublicstatements,AssemblyMemberCahill’spositiononfrackingissimilarto

thatof GovernorCuomo –temperedsupportfor“safe”regulateddrilling.25

Dean!Skelos!(R)!9th

!SD –AstheSenateMajorityLeadersincetheRepublicansretookthechamberin

2011,Skelospossessespowerfulinfluenceovertherestof theRepublicanSenatemembers.Publicly,

SenatorSkeloshasexpressedsupportforfrackingbutisoftencarefultoemphasizetheneedforsound

regulationof 

the

industry:

“We

need

to

let

the

experts

determine

the

environmental

impact

of 

hydraulic

fracturingaswealsoconsiderthepotentiallysubstantialeconomicboostforareasof thestatethatare

indireneedof  jobs.”26

Kevin!Parker!(D)!21st!SD –SenatorParkerwasChairof SenateEnergyduringthebrief Democratic

majorityof 2009‐2010.Morethan75%of hisnaturalgasindustrydonationscameduringthisperiod.

ButSenatorParkerhasnotbeentheindustry’sclosestfriend,asheplayedanimportantroleinthe

successfulefforttoimpostaoneyearmoratoriumonfrackingin2010.

Thomas!Libous!(R)!52nd

!SD! –!TheDeputySenateMajorityLeader,Libousrepresentstheeastern

portionof theSouthernTierwithadistrictcenteredinBroomeCountyandtheCityof Binghamton –

groundzerofortheMarcellusShale.SenatorLibousisanenthusiasticandvocalboosterof thenatural

gasindustryandfrackingandisoneof theeightSenatorswhovotedagainstthe2010moratoriumbill.

LiboushaspubliclycriticizedotherSenatorsfortheiroppositiontofracking27andhasalsocomplainedof 

mediabiasagainstthegasindustry –“There’salotof peopleoutthere,youknow80percentof the

media’sagainstit,andtheykeepbeatingthedrum…Theyoutnumberus,therearen’ttoomanypeople

likemyself whoarewillingtostandupandfightforthis.”28

Michael!Ranzenhofer!(R)!61st!SD! –!Amemberof theSenateEnergyCommitteerepresentingpartsof 

ErieandGeneseeCounties,SenatorRanzenhoferreceivedmostof hisnaturalgasindustrydonations

fromtheBuffalo‐basedNationalFuelCorp.Publicly,Ranzenhoferhasnotbeenoutspokenaboutthe

frackingissue

and

he

voted

in

favor

of 

the

moratorium

bill

in

2010.

Jeff !Klein!(D)!34th

!SD –SenatorKleinleadstheIndependentDemocraticConferencesince2010and

wastheDeputyMajorityLeaderduringtheDemocraticSenateMajorityfrom2009—2010.

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14

Marty!Golden!(R)!22nd

!SD! –SenatorGolden,theAssistantSenateMajorityWhipandamemberof the

powerfulSenateFinanceCommittee,isastrongsupporterof frackingandhasfoundhimself thetarget

of numerousanti‐frackingprotestsinrecentmonths.29Goldendidnotcastavote(hewas“excused”)on

the2010moratoriumbill.

Thomas!O’Mara

!(R)

!53

rd

!SD

‐‐In

2010,

Senator

O’Mara

replaced

George

Winner

(R)

in

representing

the53rdDistrictthatcoversthecentralSouthernTierepicenterof theMarcellusShale.GeorgeWinner

steppeddownin2010underintensescrutinyafterithadbeenreportedintheNYTimesandtheDaily

Newsthathislawfirmlistsmanynaturalgascompaniesastheirclients.30Beforesteppingdown,Winner

received$11,425incontributionsfromthegasindustry.BeforehebecameSenator,ThomasO’Mara

servedasaStateAssemblymaninthesameareaandhasalsobeenaccusedof tiestotheindustry.

O’MarawascounselfortheChemungCountyIDAduringthetimeamajorcountytaxbreakwasgivento

NationalGrid’sMillenniumPipeline.31SenatorO’Maraisavocalsupporterof openingtheMarcellusto

hydro‐fracking32,aswasSenatorWinnerbeforehim.

County!Level:

!Battleground

!over

!Fracking?

!

AroundthesametimeastheGovernorwasissuinghisdirectiveliftingthestatewidemoratoriumon

hydro‐fracking,theAssemblywasbusypassingitsownslewof billsaimedatbestmanagingnaturalgas

extractionpractices.Onerathercontroversialbill – A3245,sponsoredbyAssemblyMemberLipton –

passedintheAssemblybutfailedtoleavetheRulesCommitteeintheStateSenate. A3245soughtto

clarifywhetherornothomerulelaws –passedaslocalordinancesgoverningzoning –couldbeusedto

regulatethelocationof oilandgasdrillingoperations,evenwitharegulatoryprogramatthestatelevel.

Thebillsupportedtheauthorityof municipalitiestousezoninglawstodictatewhereoilandgaswasa

permissibleuse.TheNewYorkStateCourtof Appealscaselawhadpreviouslyinterpretedthelawas

prohibitinghome

rule

to

be

used

to

govern

the

placement

of 

gas

and

oil

wells

within

amunicipality,

statingthatzoningrulesandordinancescouldonlytoregulatethe“location,constructionanduseof 

buildingsandlandwithinthetown,asdelegatedtolocalgovernmentbyArticleIXof theState

Constitution.”Thelegislationsetoff aflurryof debatesbetweenlocalresidents,electedofficials,and

thenaturalgasindustryoverwhethergasdrillingshouldbeultimatelyregulatedbytheStateorif cities,

towns,andcountiesshouldbeabletobandrillingatthelocallevel.

InNewYorkState,thetensionbetweenthestate’sauthoritytograntdrillingpermitsforhigh‐volume

hydro‐frackingwithoutnotifyingaffectedcommunitiesandthecommunities’righttobanunwanted

industrialactivityisshapingupasakeylegalbattle.InFebruary,BuffalobecamethefirstcityinNew

York

State

to

pass

a

fracking

ban.

A

number

of 

similar

efforts

have

taken

place

across

the

State

in

towns

andcounties.Therehavebeenelevenothersuccessfuleffortsonthecity/townlevel:theCityof 

Oneonta;theTownof Camillus,OnondagaCounty;theTownof Otsego,OtsegoCounty;theTownof 

Springfield,OtsegoCounty;theTownof Middlefield,OtsegoCounty;theTownof CherryValley,Otsego

County;theTownof Ithaca,TompkinsCounty;theTownof Wales,ErieCounty;theTownof Barrington,

YatesCounty;theTownof Milo,YatesCounty;andtheTownof Jerusalem,YatesCounty.Inaddition,

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sevencountieshavebannedfrackingoncountylands:Ontario,Sullivan,Onondaga,Ulster,Dutchess,

Tompkins,andBroome.Proposedbansareunderofficialconsiderationinsixtowns:theTownof Danby,

TompkinsCounty;theTownof Ulysses,TompkinsCounty;theTownof Plainfield,OstegoCounty;the

townof Dryden,TompkinsCounty;theTownof Oneonta,OstegoCounty;andtheTownof Skaneateles,

OnondagaCounty.

InaccordancewithcurrentNewYorkStateenvironmentalconservationlaw,locallawsrelatingtothe

regulationof theoil,gas,orminingindustriesaresupersededbystatelaw;however,statelawcannot

supersedelocal jurisdictionoverlocalroadsortherightsof localgovernmentsundertherealproperty

taxlaw.Abilltoamendthecurrentlaw( A3245)waspassedbytheStateAssemblyandiscurrently

sittingintheStateSenate(S3247 );thebillwouldamendtheaforementionedlawwiththefollowing

language:“Nothinginthistitleshallbeconstruedtopreventanylocalgovernmentfrom(A)Enactingor

enforcinglocallawsorordinancesof generalapplicabilityexceptthatsuchlocallawsshallnotexpressly

regulatetheoil,gasandsolutionminingindustriesregulatedbystatestatute,regulation,orpermit;or

(B)enactingorenforcinglocalzoningordinancesorlawswhichdeterminepermissibleusesinzoning

districts.”

Thesupport

that

this

bill

would

give

to

local

governments

seeking

to

assert

home

rule

has

worriedmanyindustryandpro‐drillingadvocates.Keytothisamendmentisitsuseof theword

“expressly”tomodifytheactof regulation.WithregardtotheMiningStatute,theNewYorkCourtof 

Appealshasheldthatregulatinganindustrymeansregulatingitsoperationandprocesses,notlocal

zoningaimedatlimitingtheexternalitiesof landuse.Localeffortsathomerulehavefocusedon

languageon“high‐impactindustry”inzoninglaws.

15

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Whatevertheultimateoutcomeof the“homerule”issue,thebattleoverwhethertopermithydro‐

frackingisbeingplayedoutatthelocallevelacrossNewYorkState.Asindustrylookstobegindrillingin

variouslocalities,pressureswillbegintobeplacedonlocalexecutivesandlegislatorstoworkwithstate

regulatorstoensurethatrulesandregulationsarefollowed.

!

!

!

!

!

16

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17

RECOMMENDATIONS!

!

Assure!the!Public!A!Meaningful!Opportunity!to!Participate

Common

Cause/NY

remains

concerned

that

the

comment

period

for

the

highly

technical

draft

SGEIS

was

insufficientandthatasignificantnumberof individualswhowantedtotestifyatthelimitednumberof 

hearingswereunabletodoso.Whateverultimatedecisionismaderegardingnaturalgasextraction

andhydrofrackinginourstate,itsobjectivitywillbecloudedbytheperception –rightlyorwrongly –that

thepublicdidnothaveanadequateopportunitytostudythesGEISandtocommentonregulationsin

lightof thefindingsof thesGEIS.

!

Improve!Disclosure!Laws!

Theprocessof identifyingcorporationsinthenaturalgasindustryisalaboriousanddifficultprocess

becauseNewYorkStatedoesnotrequirecorporatedonorstoidentifytheirindustrysectororparent

companies.

NewYork

also

fails

to

require

individual

contributors

to

identify

their

occupation,

employer

andplaceof business,makingitextremelydifficulttoconnecttopcorporateexecutivesandboard

memberswiththeintereststheyrepresent.CommonCause/NYhas,inthepast,supportedbillsthat

wouldrequirethesedisclosures.Thelackof thisinformationonourstate’sexistingcampaign

contributiondisclosuresmakesitextremelydifficulttoanalyzetheimpactwhichspecialinterest

campaigndollarsmaybehavingonpublicpolicy,amatterof substantialinteresttoallresidentsnotonly

voters.CommonCause/NYhasspentcountlesshoursresearchingthisinformation,whichiseasily

obtainedaboutcontributorstoFederalandCityelections.Thissimplefixislongoverdue.

Inaddition,thelackof uniformityinhowcompaniesidentifythemselvesmakesitadifficultand

laboriousprocess

to

identify

each

company.

Companies

such

as

Competitive

Power

Ventures

may

be

listedbytheirfullnameoranacronymsuchasCPVmakingitmoredifficulttoreadilyidentifythe

company.Of coursemanyPoliticalActionCommitteesalsopurposefullyhidethetrueintentionof their

PACbyusingmisleadingnames.

Thepublicshouldnothavetorelyprimarilyonanalysisof politicalspendingbyadvocacygroupsandthe

presstobeabletoholdtheirelectedofficialsaccountable.Theofficiallycompileddatashouldbemore

detailedandallowtheaveragecitizentheopportunitytoreadilygetacompletepictureof theinterests

tryingtoinfluencepolicymakers.Theverybasicimprovementof requiringcontributorstoidentifytheir

employerandbusinesswouldfacilitatethis.

Campaign!Finance!Reform,!including!Public!Funding!of !Elections

Adoptionof apublicfundingof electionsprogramforNewYorkStateelectionswouldhelpincreasethe

numberof smallercampaigncontributionsandshiftourcampaignfinancesystemawayfroma

dependenceonlargecontributionsfromspecialinterests.NewYorkersdeserveastategovernmentthat

isfullyobjectiveandengagedinprotectingthepublicinterest.

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18

CONCLUSION

NewYorkhastheopportunitytobeanationalmodelinthewayinwhichitapproachesregulationof 

naturalgasextractionthroughhydrofracking.Moremustbedonebyourelectedofficialsandpolicy

makersto

insure

that

the

ultimate

policy

adopted

by

our

state

is

based

on

facts

and

science

and

to

dispelconcernsthatitisbasedonspecialinterestinfluence.

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

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19

ENDNOTES!

1NYSDEC.“DECCommissionerAppointMemberstoHydraulicFracturingAdvisoryPanel.”July1,2011.

http://www.dec.ny.gov/press/75416.html.

2NYSDECS.“DECBegins90‐DayPublicCommentPeriodonDraftHydraulicFracturingStudy.”September7,2011.

http://www.dec.ny.gov/press/76892.html.

3ThomasKaplan.“MillionsSpentinAlbanyFighttoDrillforGas”.TheNewYorkTimes.

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/26/nyregion/hydrofracking‐debate‐spurs‐huge‐spending‐by‐industry.htm

4MichaelJ.MalbinandPeterW.Brusoe,.“SmallDonors,BigDemocracy,NewYorkCity’sMatchingFundsasa

ModelfortheNationandStates.“CampaignFinanceInstitute,2011.

5NationalGrid.“2010CorporateOverview.”http://www.nationalgridus.com/non_html/a2_us_facts.pdf .

6DerekWeber.“FromDraketotheMarcellusShaleGasPlay:DistributionDevelopments.”PipelineandGas

Journal.!April

2010.

http://www.pipelineandgasjournal.com/drake‐

marcellus‐

shale‐

gas‐

play‐

distribution‐

developments?page=show.

7Weber,id.!

8SpectraEnergy.“SpectraEnergySignsBindingPrecedentAgreementsforMajorPipelineProjecttoDeliverNew

NaturalGasSuppliesIntoNewJerseyandNewYorkArea.”December28,2009.

http://investors.spectraenergy.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=204494&p=irol‐newsArticle&ID=1369521&highlight=

9SeeIPPNY’s2011LegislativeAgendaathttp://www.ippny.org/page/news‐and‐legislative‐memos‐2/news/2011‐

legislative‐agenda‐21.htmlandstatementsof oppositiontohydraulicfracturingmoratoriumbillsat

http://www.ippny.org/page/news‐and‐legislative‐memos‐2/news/memorandum‐in‐opposition‐of ‐a‐7400‐

sweeney‐104.html.

10Competitive

Power

Ventures.

“Investment

Partners.”

2011.

http://www.cpv.com/investment_partners.php.

11NYSEG.“OurCompany:ServiceArea.”2011.http://www.NewYorkStateeg.com/OurCompany/servicearea.html

;RG&E.OurCompany:ServiceArea.”2011.http://www.rge.com/OurCompany/servicearea.html .

12ConstellationEnergy.Group“WhoWeAre.”2011http://www.constellation.com/about‐

us/whoweare/pages/whoweareoverview.aspx.

13AndrewMaykuth.“Exelon’sRoweanUnlikelyBoosterforShaleGas.”ThePhiladelphiaInquirer.October30,

2011.

http://www.philly.com/philly/business/20111030_Exelon_s_Rowe_and_unlikely_booster_for_shale_gas.html.

14EmpireStateNews.net.“CHEnergyChief SupportsMarcellusShaleGasExploration.”June23,2011.

http://www.empirestatenews.net/News/20110623‐7.html.

15DominionResources.“Dominion,AnteroResourcesAmendMarcellusShaleRightsAgreementto114,000

Acres.”September24,2008http://dom.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=197.

16IndependentOilandGasAssociationof NewYork(IOGA).“PressRelease:ProposedGas‐drillingMoratoriumBill

Unnecessary”August3,2010.

http://www.marcellusfacts.com/blog/press‐release‐proposed‐gas‐drilling‐moratorium‐bill‐unnecessary

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20

17Reuters.“UPDATE2‐N.Y.ApprovesNew$1.4BillionNRGPowerPlantinNYC.”January20,2011.

http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/20/utilities‐nrg‐astoria‐plant‐idUSN2013483520110120

18!!USDepartmentof Energy.“SecretaryChuTasksEnvironmental,IndustryandStateLeaderstoRecommendBest

PracticesforSafe,ResponsibleDevelopmentof America'sOnshoreNaturalGasResources”,May5,2011.!

http://energy.gov/articles/secretary‐chu

‐tasks

‐environmental

‐industry

‐and

‐state

‐leaders

‐recommend

‐best

‐practices‐safe

19Inadditiontothetoptwelveprofiledindetail,thedatasetincludescontributionsfromTheEnergyforNewYork

PAC,ExxonMobil,SJBServices,TheWilliamsCompanies,IDTEnergyInc,BuffaloDrilling,BuffaloWellProducts,

ConocoPhilips,TennesseeGasPipelineLLC(subsidiaryof SpectraEnergy),InflectionEnergy,AlgonquinGas

TransmissionLLC(subsidiaryof SpectraEnergy),AnschutzExploration,CrownEnergyServices,MillenniumPipeline

CompanyLLC(partialsubsidiaryof NationalGrid),EnergyAssociationof NEWYORKSTATE,FortunaEnergy,Texas

EasternTransmission,SpectraEnergy,ElexcoLandServices,FreyWellDrilling,NornewInc,PSEGEnergyResources,

ElPasoEnergyServiceCo.,Chief Energy,H&HEnterprises,EnergymarkLLC,andChautauquaEnergy.

20AndrewCuomo2010.“PowerNY:TheNewNYAgenda.”

http://www.andrewcuomo.com/system/storage/6/89/e/798/andrew_cuomo_power_ny.pdf 

21JakeMooney.“CuomoRakesinDonationsFromEnergySector.”CityLimits.October27,2010.

http://www.citylimits.org/news/articles/4211/cuomo‐rakes‐in‐donations‐from‐energy‐sector

22SenatorGeorgeD.Maziarz.“SenatorMaziarzSupportsDECPlantoPermitHydrofracking.”July1,2011.

http://www.NewYorkStateenate.gov/press‐release/senator‐maziarz‐supports‐dec‐plan‐permit‐hydrofracking

23DanielRobison.“Maziarz:Fracking,TreatingWasteFluidCouldLeadto“EconomicBoom.”InnovationTrail.

March14th

,2011.http://innovationtrail.org/post/maziarz‐fracking‐treating‐waste‐fluid‐could‐lead‐economic‐

boom

24“Nozzolio:BanFrackinginAllFingerLakesWatersheds.”TheAuburnCitizen.August6,2011.

http://auburnpub.com/news/local/article_703da5c6‐c034‐11e0‐9d41‐001cc4c002e0.html

25AssemblymanKevinCahill.“AssemblymanKevinCahill,Chairof theAssemblyEnergyCommittee,Commentson

theStateEnergyPlan.”September24,2009.http://assembly.state.ny.us/comm/Energy/20090924/

26CelesteKatz.“DocumentDrop:DEConNewYorkHydrofracking.”DailyNewsDailyPoliticsBlog.June30,2011.

http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2011/06/document‐drop‐dec‐on‐new‐york‐hydrofracking

27!JonCampbell,“Liboustellsdownstatetostayoutof hydrofrackingdebate”.October14,2011.

http://www.theithacajournal.com/article/20111014/NEWS01/110140412/Libous‐tells‐downstate‐stay‐out‐

hydrofracking‐debate

28NickiReisman,“LibousSaysFrackingDebate‘AHellOf AFight’”.October31,2011.!!

http://www.capitaltonight.com/2011/10/libous‐says‐fracking‐debate‐a‐hell‐of ‐a‐fight/!

29HaroldEgeln,“Eco‐ScorecardPraisesSquadron,SlamsGolden.”October14,2011.

http://www.brooklyneagle.com/categories/category.php?category_id=27&id=46781

30NYDailyNewsEditorialBoard.“He'saWinner,N.Y.Loses:UpstateSenatorisPosterBoyforAlbanyEthicsMess.”

NYDailyNews.August7,2010.!http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/a‐winner‐n‐y‐loses‐upstate‐senator‐poster‐

boy‐albany‐ethics‐mess‐article‐1.205437!

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21

31JosephTrento,“UndisclosedConflictsof InterestisKeyIssueinRaceforGeorgeWinner’sNewYorkSenate

Seat”.October27,2010.!!!http://www.dcbureau.org/20101027156/natural‐resources‐news‐service/undisclosed‐

conflicts‐of ‐interest‐is‐key‐issue‐in‐race‐for‐george‐winners‐new‐york‐senate‐seat.html

32!!!ABCNewsChannel9 –Elmira.“Senator:DrillingintheMarcellusShaleWouldSaveRegion'sEconomy.”

September29,

2011

http://www.9wsyr.com/news/local/story/Senator

‐Drilling

‐in

‐the

‐Marcellus

‐Shale

‐

would/oJ7O2r11TUGTHZvlC6cgaw.cspx