competing for school improvement dollars

8/2/2019 Competing for School Improvement Dollars

1/43

Fhiulwkdo `h~Vfahhb Kiu~hplildw Ghbbm~vVwmwl O~mdw)Imjkdo Vw~mwloklv

Ilbkvvm Bmsm~d Im~fa >5=>

www$mil~kfmdu~ho~lvv$h


2/43

Fhiulwkdo `h~Vfahhb Kiu~hplildw Ghbbm~vVwmwl O~mdw)Imjkdo Vw~mwloklv

Ilbkvvm Bmsm~d Im~fa >5=>


3/43

Fhdwldwv = Kdw~hg|fwkhd mdg v|iim~{

7 Wal ~lpmiulg VKO u~ho~mi

=5 Nmbmdfkdo m dllg `h~ ~lvh|~flv mdg fhiikwildw wh famd

=7 M bhhj mw wal `k~vw fhah~w h` VKO o~mdwv |dgl~ wal dl ~|

=1 Wa~ll vwmwl o~mdw)imdmolildw muu~hmfalv

6> @kdgkdov mdg uhbkf{ kiubkfmwkhdv

60 Fhdfb|vkhd

61 Mnh|w wal m|wah~ mdg mfjdhblgoildwv

6; Ldgdhwlv


4/43

= Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

Kdw~hg|fwkhd mdg v|iim~{

Kd >55; al Hnmim mgikdkv~mkhd mddh|dflg m hf|vlg fhiikild h |~d

m~h|dg


5/43

> Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

h Lg|fmkhd ~luh~ dhlv am kl~ KKK muubkfmdv" al blmv u~kh~kkslg vfahhbv

mihdo ahvl lbkoknbl h~ VKO o~mdv" hnmkdlg m o~md kd hdb{ m amdg|b h vmlv$

Lblpld vmlv mm~glg o~mdv h alk~ kl~ KKK vfahhbv akbl ihv hal~ vmlv

~lvl~plg lgl~mb ghbbm~v h~ akoal~)u~kh~k{ vfahhbv$ Mihdo alvl == vmlv vlpl~mb

|dglg dlm~b{ mbb h alk~ kl~ KKK)lbkoknbl vfahhbv$ VKO ghbbm~v l~l vu~lmg pl~{

akdb{ kd ahvl vmlv mv m ~lv|b$

Mv akv umul~ akoabkoav" vmlv ampl m o~lm glmb h gkvf~lkhd kd ah al{ m~ol

vfahhb kiu~hplild ghbbm~v lpld akbl al dl lgl~mb ~lo|bmkhdv ampl gldlg

mdg bkiklg alk~ |vl$ Vmlv lpmb|mkhd h gkv~kf mdg vfahhb o~md muubkfmkhdv"

al {ul h lfadkfmb mvvkvmdfl am al{ u~hpkgl h gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv g|~kdo

al muubkfmkhd u~hflvv" mdg alk~ u~hflvv h~ ihdkh~kdo mdg ~ldlkdo o~mdv mbb

kd`|ldfl al ~hn|vdlvv h vmlv v|no~md fhiulkkhdv$

Wkv umul~ mjlv m fbhvl~ bhhj m vml o~md)imjkdo v~mloklv h~ lgl~mb vfahhb

kiu~hplild ghbbm~v$ @|~al~" k ~lpklv al m{ kd akfa vml |dgkdo u~mfkflv h~vfahhb kiu~hplild ampl famdolg mv m ~lv|b h al |ugmlg VKO ~l}|k~lildv mdg

ah vmlv ampl |vlg alk~ `lqknkbk{ h kiublild m fhiulkkpl o~md u~hflvv$

Vulfkfmbb{" akv umul~ glmkbv al muu~hmfa am a~ll vmlvKbbkdhkv" Bh|kvkmdm"

mdg Pl~ihdampl mjld kd mgikdkvl~kdo alk~ o~md fhiulkkhdv$ Wlvl vmlv

kbb|ikdml al vulf~|i h fhiulkkpldlvv kd al vml o~md)imjkdo u~hflvv am

amv lil~olg mv m ~lv|b h al dl vfahhb kiu~hplild ~lo|bmkhdv$

Wl~l m~l pl vkodkfmd dgkdov am lil~olg ~hi lqmikdkdo alvl a~ll vmlv

am fmbb h~ |~al~ kdplvkomkhd mf~hvv mbb vmlv3

@k~v" k kv lpkgld am vmlv fhdkd|l h ampl m o~lm glo~ll h `lqknkbk{ kd

kiublildkdo alk~ o~md)imjkdo v~mlo{$ Wl{ fhdkd|l h uhvvlvv gkvf~lkhd

mdg `lqknkbk{ kd alk~ u~hflvv h~ lpmb|mkdo muubkfmkhdv" al {ul mdg glo~ll h

lfadkfmb mvvkvmdfl am al{ u~hpkgl h gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv g|~kdo al muubkfm)

khd u~hflvv" mdg alk~ u~hflvv h~ ihdkh~kdo mdg ~ldlkdo o~mdv$

Vlfhdg" mv hal~ lm~b{ ~lvlm~fa hd VKO kiublildmkhd kdgkfmlv" mfflvv h

VKO ghbbm~v im{ nl ih~l fhiulkkpl kd vhil vmlv amd kd hal~v$ Glvukl alVKO u~ho~miv dm~~hlg liuamvkv hd al nhwhi < ul~fld h bh)ul~h~ikdo

vfahhbv" vmlv mfl m ul~vkvld fambbldol kd v~kjkdo al muu~hu~kml nmbmdfl

nllld v|uuh~kdo hdb{ akoa)}|mbk{ vfahhb kiu~hplild kdkkmkplv" kdplvkdo

v|fkld ghbbm~v h mfaklpl kiumf" mdg mgg~lvvkdo vfahhbv gk~l dllgv h~ |dgv$


6/43

6 Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

Wk~g" mbb a~ll vmlv dllglg h u~hpkgl v|nvmdkmb lfadkfmb mvvkvmdfl h

v~ldoald al }|mbk{ h al muubkfmkhdv am al{ ~lflkplg$ Wl dl fhi)

ulkkpl dm|~l h al VKO u~ho~mi gkg dh" kd kvlb" oldl~ml ~hn|v mdg nhbg

vfahhb)kdl~pldkhd u~huhvmbv" akfa v|oolvv am vmlv i|v nl u~lum~lg h

v~ldoald alk~ fmumfk{ h v|uuh~ VKO)lbkoknbl gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv g|~kdo

al o~md muubkfmkhd u~hflvv$

@h|~a" muubkfmkhd ~mlv pm~klg v|nvmdkmbb{ mf~hvv al a~ll vmlv$ M vimbbl~

u~huh~khd h VKO)lbkoknbl vfahhbv mdg alk~ gkv~kfv muubklg h~ lgl~mb ghb)

bm~v kd nha al ~v mdg vlfhdg ~h|dg kd Kbbkdhkv mdg Bh|kvkmdm kd fhium~kvhd

h Pl~ihdv |~dh| kd al ~v ~h|dg$ Wl~l m~l vlpl~mb uhldkmb ~lmvhdv

h~ akv pm~kmdfl" kdfb|gkdo al ~koh~ h al dl VKO o|kglbkdlv" al glo~ll h

akfa vmlv u~hpkglg lfadkfmb v|uuh~ h muubkfmdv" mdg al ul~flkplg bkjlbk)

ahhg h kddkdo m o~md$

@ka mdg dmbb{" al f~kl~km am vmlv |vl h ihdkh~ gkv~kfv m~l fblm~ n| alu~hflvv h~ o~md ~ldlmb mdg l~ikdmkhd fh|bg nl ih~l h~imb mdg ~mdv)

um~ld$ Wl a~ll vmlv m~l oldl~mbb{ fblm~ mnh| al f~kl~km am al{ |vl h

lpmb|ml muubkfmkhdv h~ |dgv$ Kbbkdhkv mdg Bh|kvkmdmv vfh~kdo v{vli" akfa

kdfb|glv fblm~)f| vfh~lv am muubkfmkhdv i|v ~lmfa h nl |dglg" |~al~

kdf~lmvlv al ~mdvum~ldf{ h alk~ ~lpklkdo u~hflvv$ Mbb a~ll vmlv mbvh u~h)

pkgl fblm~ f~kl~km hd ah gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv kbb nl ihdkh~lg mdg lpmb|mlg

h~ o~md ~ldlmb h~ l~ikdmkhd$ Vmlv" ahlpl~" vah|bg fhdvkgl~ ah alk~

o~md)~ldlmb u~hflvv" dh vkiub{ alk~ f~kl~km" fmd nl ih~l ~mdvum~ld kd alk~

gkv~kf)blplb muubkfmkhdv" vmlildv h mo~llildv ka gkv~kfv" mdg hd alk~

lnvklv h v|uuh~ u|nbkf mffh|dmnkbk{ h~ vfahhb kiu~hplild$

Wkv umul~ nlokdv ka md hpl~pkl h ah al VKO u~ho~mi amv lphbplg kdh m

ih~l fhiulkkpl u~hflvv$ K dlq mjlv m n~kl bhhj m ah mbb vmlv famdolg alk~

u~mfkflv hdfl al u~ho~mi mv mbl~lg mdg ald lqmikdlv kd glmkb ah a~ll

vmlvKbbkdhkv" Bh|kvkmdm" mdg Pl~ihdampl muu~hmfalg al fhiulkkpl

o~md)imjkdo u~hflvv$

Bmvb{" al umul~ fhdfb|glv ka dgkdov mdg uhbkf{ kiubkfmkhdv mdg |dgl~)

vfh~lv al u~hikvl h al VKO u~ho~miv fhiikild h |~d m~h|dg vfahhbv mdgmgg~lvv al v{vlikf mkb|~lv am mbbh h|~ vfahhbv h `h|dgl~$


7/43


Wal ~lpmiulg VKO u~ho~mi

Wl Vfahhb Kiu~hplild O~md" h~ VKO" u~ho~mi" m |dgkdo v~lmi am kv vhblb{

glgkfmlg h vfahhb kiu~hplild mfkpkklv" kv m|ah~kslg |dgl~ Vlfkhd =556!o+

kd kbl K h al Lblildm~{ mdg Vlfhdgm~{ Lg|fmkhd Mf" h~ LVLM$ K mv ~v

|dglg kd vfmb {lm~ >55? m m il~l '=>< ikbbkhd n| amv vkdfl ~lflkplg vkodk)

fmdb{ o~lml~ mih|dv h |dgkdo$

U~kh~ h @[ >55?" lgl~mb v|uuh~ h~ vfahhb kiu~hplild mfkpkklv mv bkiklg$

Gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv ~lbklg hd alk~ vmlv kbl K vl)mvkgl h ghbbm~v h~ vfahhbkiu~hplild mfkpkklv" mbvh jdhd mv m vmlv Vlfkhd =556!m+ |dgv$ Vlfkhd

=556!m+ h LVLM bm ~l}|k~lv vmlv h ~lvl~pl m vimbb u~huh~khd h alk~ kbl K

mbbhfmkhdv7 ul~fld vkdfl >557h~ vfahhb kiu~hplild mfkpkklv$7

Vfahhb kiu~hplildw ghbbm~v |dgl~ Vlfwkhdv =556!m+

mdg =556!o+3 _amw kv wal gk`l~ldfl8

Wal~l m~l wh u~kim~{ vw~lmiv h lgl~mb |dgkdo kd LVLM wh v|uuh~wvfahhb kiu~hplildw lh~wv$ Hdl vw~lmi h |dgkdo kv m|wah~kslg

|dgl~ Vlfwkhd =556!m+ h LVLM mdg wal hwal~ |dgl~ Vlfwkhd =556!o+

h wal vmil vlfwkhd h wal vwmw|wl$

Vlfwkhd =556!m+ vfahhb kiu~hplildw ghbbm~v

LVLM ~l}|k~lg vwmwlv wh vlw mvkgl > ul~fldw h walk~ Wkwbl K mbbhfmwkhdv kd

vfmb {lm~v >55> mdg >556 wh v|uuh~w vfahhb kiu~hplildw mfwkpkwklv$

Wal ~l}|k~lg vlw)mvkgl u~huh~wkhd kdf~lmvlg wh 7 ul~fldw kd @[ >557$

Vwmwlv i|vw mbbhfmwl wal n|bj h walvl ghbbm~v;< ul~fldwwh vfahhb

gkvw~kfwv wamw ampl nlld kgldwklg h~ vfahhb kiu~hplildw" fh~~lf)

wkpl mfwkhd" mdg ~lvw~|fw|~kdo$ Vwmwlv i|vw u~kh~kwksl gkvw~kfwv kwa wal

bhlvw)mfaklpkdo vfahhbv wamw glihdvw~mwl wal o~lmwlvw dllg m

vw~hdolvw fhiikwildw h~ v|fa |dgv$ N|w vwmwlv ampl m o~lmw g

h lqknkbkw{ kd ah o~lmwlvw dllg mdg vw~hdolvw fhiikwildw

gldlg" mdg wal{ ampl wal gkvf~lwkhd wh mm~g walvl ghbbm~v nmm h~i|bm h~ wa~h|oa fhiulwkwkpl o~mdwv$

Vlfwkhd =556!o+ vfahhb kiu~hplildw ghbbm~v

Vlfwkhd =556!o+ h LVLM lvwmnbkvalv wal VKO u~ho~mi$ @k~vw |dg

@[ >55?" wal u~ho~mi amv nldlwlg ~hi bm~ol kdf~lmvlv kd ~lf

{lm~v$ Kd ~lvuhdvl wh wal |du~lflgldwlg kdplvwildwv kd wal u~h

g|l wh M^^M" wal Hnmim mgikdkvw~mwkhd ~lblmvlg ~lo|bmwkhdv kd

wh gldl ah vwmwlv vah|bg gkvw~kn|wl mdg |vl ghbbm~v |dgl~ wa

o~mi$ Wal wm~olw vfahhbv mdg |vl h |dgv m~l ih~l gldlg |d

VKO u~ho~mi kd fhium~kvhd wh Vlfwkhd =556!m+ vfahhb kiu~hpli

ghbbm~v mv m ~lv|bw h wal dl ~lo|bmwkhdv$


8/43

< Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

=556!m+ =556!o+

Ah wal ghbbm~v

m~l |dglg

Vwmwlv ~lvl~pl 7 ul~fldw h walk~ Wkwbl

K mbbhfmwkhd$ Dkdlw{)pl ul~fldw h

wamw mih|dw kv wald o~mdwlg wh vfahhb

gkvw~kfwv$

@|dglg mv m gkvwkdfw bkdl kwli mv um~w

h wal ~lo|bm~ muu~hu~kmwkhdv f{fbl$

Vwmwl ~lvl~pmwkhd

\u wh < ul~fldw h~ mgikdkvw~mwkhd"

lpmb|mwkhd" mdg wlfadkfmb)mvvkvwmdfl

mfwkpkwklv$

\u wh < ul~fldw h~ mgikdkvw~mwkhd"

lpmb|mwkhd" mdg wlfadkfmb)mvvkvwmdfl

mfwkpkwklv$

W{ulv h` gkvw~kfwv wamw

m~l lbkoknbl h~ o~mdwv

Md{ gkvw~kfw vl~pkdo vfahhbv wamw

ampl nlld kgldwklg h~ vfahhb

kiu~hplildw" fh~~lfwkpl mfwkhd" h~

~lvw~|fw|~kdo" mv gldlg |dgl~ LVLM$

Hdb{ gkvw~kfwv vl~pkdo wal < ul~fldw

h wal bhlvw)ul~h~ikdo vfahhbv kd

lmfa vwmwl" mv gldlg kd wal M^^M)

VKO ~lo|bmwkhdv$

W{ulv h` gkvw~kfwv wamw

i|vw nl u~kh~kwkslg

Gkvw~kfwv vl~pkdo vfahhbv wamw

glihdvw~mwl wal o~lmwlvw dllg

h~ v|fa |dgv mdg wal vw~hdolvwfhiikwildw wh ldv|~l vfahhbv illw

vfahhb kiu~hplildw ohmbv$

Vwmwlv ampl m o~lmw glmb h lqknkbkw{

kd ah wal{ gldl o~lmwlvw dllg

mdg vw~hdolvw fhiikwildw$

Gkvw~kfwv vl~pkdo vfahhbv wamw

glihdvw~mwl wal o~lmwlvw dllg

h~ v|fa |dgv mdg wal vw~hdolvwfhiikwildw wh ldv|~l vfahhbv illw

vfahhb kiu~hplildw ohmbv$

Vwmwlv ampl lqknkbkw{ kd ah wal{

gldl o~lmwlvw dllg mdg vw~hdolvw

fhiikwildw" n|w wal M^^M)VKO

~lo|bmwkhdv vlw vhil vulfkf

um~milwl~v$

Mbbhmnbl o~mdw vksl

ul~ vfahhb

Dh mih|dw vulfklg kd bm$

Vfahhbv im{ ~lflkpl m o~mdw ~hi

'


9/43


Wkv amv u~hpld h nl md |dvmnbl vh|~fl h |dgv h~ gkv~kf mdg vfahhb kiu~hpl)

ild lh~v$ M >551 OMH ~luh~ h|dg am >> vmlv mkblg h ~lvl~pl al |bb

u~huh~khd h vl)mvkgl |dgv h~ hdl h~ ih~l {lm~v vkdfl >55> g|l h m ahbg

am~iblvv u~hpkvkhd am u~lpldv vmlv ~hi ~lg|fkdo m gkv~kfv kbl K mbbhfmkhd

~hi hdl {lm~ h al dlq$< Nlfm|vl vml kbl K mbbhfmkhdv m~l nmvlg hd fldv|v

lvkimlv h al d|inl~ h bh)kdfhil fakbg~ld kd lmfa gkv~kf mdg `|f|ml ~hi{lm~ h {lm~" vhil vmlv ampl nlld fhiulbblg h ~lg|fl alk~ =556!m+ ~lvl~pmkhd

kd fl~mkd {lm~v h ldv|~l am gkv~kf kbl K mbbhfmkhdv oh |dmlflg$

Wl OMH ~luh~ fhdfb|glg al ahbg)am~iblvv u~hpkvkhd u~kh~kkslv u~lvl~pkdo

al kbl K |dgkdo h~ mbb lbkoknbl kbl K gkv~kfv hpl~ ldv|~kdo am al bhlv)

ul~h~ikdo vfahhbv ~lflkpl |dgv h~ vfahhb kiu~hplild$0 Wkv lfahlg hal~

vkikbm~ ~lvlm~fa dgkdov$? Wl kdvmnkbk{ kd |dgkdo nlomd h oldl~ml fmbbv h~ m

glgkfmlg v~lmi h |dgkdo h~ vfahhb kiu~hplild mfkpkklv" um~kf|bm~b{ mv al

d|inl~ h vfahhbv kgldklg h~ kiu~hplild ~hvl mdg al bmfj h gkv~kf mdg

vfahhb fmumfk{ h mgl}|mlb{ ~lvuhdg h al f~kvkv nlfmil kdf~lmvkdob{ muum~ld$1

Kd @[ >55? al N|va mgikdkv~mkhd mdg Fhdo~lvv |dglg al VKO u~ho~mi

h~ al ~v kil vkdfl al >55> ~lm|ah~ksmkhd" mdg |dgkdo amv fhdkd|lg h

kdf~lmvl vkdfl$ VKO |dgkdo kdf~lmvlg h '7;= ikbbkhd al hbbhkdo {lm~ mdg

~lflkplg md muu~hu~kmkhd h '55;$ M^v umvvmol v|uubl)

ildlg akv mih|d ka md mggkkhdmb '6 nkbbkhd" ka al imqki|i vfahhb o~md

mm~g kdf~lmvkdo ~hi '


10/43

? Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

Wl N|va mgikdkv~mkhdv o|kgmdfl mfkb{ v|oolvlg" n| vhuulg vah~ h ~l}|k~kdo"

am vmlv fhdvkgl~ m fhiulkkpl v|no~md u~hflvv h mm~g |dgv h gkv~kfv mdg

vfahhbv ald al u~ho~mi mv ~v |dglg kd @[ >55?$ Mffh~gkdo h ahvl o|kglbkdlv3

M Vwmwl Lg|fmwkhd Moldf{ amv lqknkbkw{ wh f~lmwl kwv hd v|no~mdw u~hflvv$ Ahlpl~"kw im{ nl wamw kiublildwkdo wal u~kh~kwklv kd vlfwkhd =556!o+!0+ Zakfa u~kh~kwkslv

vfahhb gkvw~kfwv kwa wal bhlvw)mfaklpkdo vfahhbv wamw glihdvw~mwl wal o~lmwlvw

dllg h~ lgl~mb |dgv mdg wal vw~hdolvw fhiikwildw wh |vl |dgv llfwkplb{Y m~l

nlvw ilw wa~h|oa m fhiulwkwkpl u~hflvv$ Kd um~wkf|bm~" mw wal f|~~ldw |dgkdo blplb"

m h~i|bm)nmvlg u~hflvv kd akfa Vfahhb Kiu~hplildw @|dgv m~l mm~glg wh lpl~{

Bhfmb Lg|fmwkhd Moldf{ kwa vfahhbv kd kiu~hplildw" fh~~lfwkpl mfwkhd" mdg ~lvw~|f)

w|~kdo h|bg bkjlb{ vu~lmg wahvl |dgv whh wakdb{$=5

Wl imddl~ kd akfa vmlv |bkimlb{ gkvn|~vlg Vlfkhd =556!o+ VKO ghbbm~v hgkv~kfv u~l)M^ kv dh lbb ghf|ildlg" mdg gll~ikdkdo al lqld h akfa

vmlv allglg al v|oolvkhd h gkvn|~vl VKO ghbbm~v hd m fhiulkkpl nmvkv h~

ah alvl |dgv l~l m~ollg nlh~l M^ kv fambbldokdo mv m ~lv|b$ N| vml

muu~hmfalv h gkvn|~vkdo Vlfkhd =556!m+ |dgv ampl nlld lqmikdlg mdg fmd

ul~amuv ~lplmb ah vmlv ikoa ampl mm~glg VKO o~mdv h~ alk~ =556!o+ |dgv$

Vwmwl |vl h` =556!m+ `|dgv im{ kbb|vw~mwl ah vwmwlv l~l |vkdo

=556!o+ `|dgv u~kh~ wh M^^M

M >551 OMH v|~pl{ h|dg am m d|inl~ h vmlv l~l mnkgkdo n{ LVLMv

~l}|k~lildv mdg m~olkdo alk~ =556!m+ vfahhb kiu~hplild ghbbm~v h alk~

bhlv)ul~h~ikdo vfahhbv$== Vmlv" h~ lqmiubl" mm~glg vfahhbv kd ~lv~|f|~)

kdoal ihv vlpl~l vmol h al vfahhb kiu~hplild u~hflvvvkodkfmdb{

ih~l |dgv amd hal~ v~|oobkdo vfahhbv$

Wl v|~pl{ h|dg am vmlv muubklg pm~kh|v ilahgv h kgldk{ mdg u~kh~kksl

alk~ bhlv)mfaklpkdo vfahhbv$ ld{)vlpld vmlv |vlg vml)lvmnbkvalg f~kl~km

am lkoalg al d|inl~ h {lm~v m vfahhb mkblg h ill mdd|mb mfmglikf nldfa)im~jv$ ld{)hdl vmlv fhdvkgl~lg al d|inl~ h v|gldv kd m vfahhb mbhdo

ka vml)lvmnbkvalg f~kl~kmul~amuv mv kdgkfmkhd h m vfahhbv dllg h~ lgl~mb

|dgv$ Mdg h vmlvFhbh~mgh mdg Kgmah|vlg m fhiulkkpl u~hflvv h

gkv~kn|l vfahhb kiu~hplild ghbbm~v h gkv~kfv$


11/43


M amdg|b h vmlv gkg dh m~ol Vlfkhd =556!m+ ghbbm~v nmvlg hd alk~ dllg h~

lgl~mb v|uuh~ h~ fhiikild h llfkpl ~lh~iv$ @h|~ vmlvGlbmm~l" Dl

Amiuvak~l" Pk~okdkm" mdg al Gkv~kf h Fhb|inkm~l}|k~lg gkv~kfv h u~hpkgl

lmfa kgldklg vfahhb md l}|mb mih|d h |dgkdo$ Kd dkdl vmlv m~ollg gkv~kfv

am l~l kgldklg mv vl~pkdo al bhlv)ul~h~ikdo vfahhbv amg `lqknkbk{ kd

fahhvkdo akfa vfahhbv ~lflkplg |dgv$=>

Wl f~kl~km am alvl gkv~kfv l~l|vkdo h vlblf m~ollg vfahhbv" h~ alal~ al bhlv)ul~h~ikdo vfahhbv l~l

kdgllg nlkdo u~kh~kkslg" m~l |dfblm~ mv m ~lv|b$

Mdg ihv v~kjkdob{" hdl vml mbbhfmlg lgl~mb ghbbm~v h gkv~kfv am gkg dh

ampl md{ kgldklg vfahhbv kd kiu~hplild" mdg h|~ vmlv l~l |dmnbl h kgld)

k{ al vfahhbv kd alk~ vml am ~lflkplg vfahhb kiu~hplild |dgv$ Nmvlg hd

alvl dgkdov al OMH |~olg al Glum~ild h Lg|fmkhd h kiu~hpl m~olkdo

h vfahhb kiu~hplild ghbbm~v$=6

Vh|~fl3 Ohpl~dildw Mffh|dwmnkbkw{ Hfl" Dh Fakbg Blw Nlakdg Mfw3 Lg|fmwkhd Mfwkhdv Fh|bg Kiu~hpl wal Wm~olwkdo h Vfahhb Kiu~hplildw @|dgv whVfahhbv Ihvw kd Dllg h Mvvkvwmdfl" OMH)51)615" luh~w wh wal Famk~imd mdg mdjkdo Ilinl~" V|nfhiikwwll hd Bmnh~" Almbwa mdg A|imd Vl~pkflv"Lg|fmwkhd" mdg lbmwlg Moldfklv" Fhiikwwll hd Muu~hu~kmwkhdv" \dkwlg Vwmwlv Vldmwl" @ln~|m~{ >551$

Pm~{kdo mih|dwv gkvw~kn|wlg nmvlg hd vwmwl)lvwmnbkvalg f~kwl~km

L}|mb mih|dw gkvw~kn|wlg wh mbb vfahhbv

Mih|dwv mm~glg wa~h|oa m fhiulwkwkpl muubkfmwkhd u~hflvvHwal~ ilwahg |vlg wh mbbhfmwl `|dgv

Gkvw~kfwv ampl gkvf~lwkhd wh ~lgkvw~kn|wl |dgv

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@KO\^L =Vwmwlv ilwahgv `h~ mbbhfmwkdo =556!m+ vfahhb kiu~hplildw `|dgv" `kvfmb {lm~ >550


12/43

; Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

K kv gkf|b h gll~ikdl k vmlv l~l mbbhfmkdo alk~ VKO =556!o+ ghbbm~v kd al

vmil m{ am al{ l~l gkv~kn|kdo =556!m+ vfahhb kiu~hplild ghbbm~v$ N|

al kdf~lmvlg kdplvild kd al VKO u~ho~mi g|l h M^ u~lvldlg md huuh~)

|dk{ h~ al Glum~ild h Lg|fmkhd h mgg~lvv vhil h OMHv fhdfl~dv n{

~lpkvkdo al VKO u~ho~miv o|kglbkdlv mdg koaldkdo al vml)h)gkv~kf gkv~kn|)

khd h lgl~mb kiu~hplild ghbbm~v$

Wl Hnmim mgikdkv~mkhd dm~~hlg kv hf|v h al nhwhi < ul~fld h al

bhlv)ul~h~ikdo vfahhbv kd lmfa vml h ldv|~l am lgl~mb ghbbm~v ~lmfa al

vfahhbv ihv kd dllg h v|uuh~ mdg ~lvh|~flv$ Vmlv mdg gkv~kfv i|v dh

m~ol lgl~mb kiu~hplild ghbbm~v mdg vulfkf ~koh~h|v ~lh~iv h alvl vfahhbv"

mbah|oa al{ ampl `lqknkbk{ kd ah h v|uuh~ vfahhbv am m~l mfkdo blvv vlpl~l

mfmglikf fambbldolv$ @|~al~" al dl ~l}|k~lildv ~l}|k~l vmlv h gkv~kn)

|l VKO =556!o+ ghbbm~v h vfahhbv mdg gkv~kfv hd m ih~l fhiulkkpl nmvkv$=7

m~olkdo ~lvh|~flv kd akv imddl~" mffh~gkdo h al Glum~ild h Lg|fmkhd"

im{ ~lv|b kd vfahhb kiu~hplild |dgv nlkdo fhdfld~mlg kd m vimbb d|inl~h BLMv mdg vfahhbv$ al Vlf~lm~{ nlbklplv v|fa m~olkdo kv m~~mdlg n{ al

vkodkfmd dllgv h al v|gldv kd al bhlv)mfaklpkdo vfahhbv$=< Wkv ~lu~lvldv

md kiuh~md famdol h~ ihv vmlv okpld am pl~{ l vmlv l~l mbbhfmkdo alk~

vfahhb kiu~hplild ghbbm~v fhiulkkplb{$ Wl dl ~l}|k~lildv m~l h|bkdlg kd

o~lml~ glmkb kd al hbbhkdo vlfkhd$


13/43

=5 Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

Nmbmdfkdo m dllg `h~ ~lvh|~flv

mdg fhiikwildw wh famdol

F|~~ld bm ~l}|k~lv vmlv h u~kh~kksl vfahhb kiu~hplild mm~gv h gkv~kfv

ka al bhlv)mfaklpkdo vfahhbv am glihdv~ml !m+ al o~lmlv dllg h~ v|fa

|dgv mdg !n+ al v~hdolv fhiikild h ldv|~kdo am v|fa |dgv m~l |vlg h

u~hpkgl mgl}|ml ~lvh|~flv h ldmnbl al bhlv)mfaklpkdo vfahhbv h ill al

ohmbv h~ vfahhb kiu~hplild$=0

Wl |ugmlg VKO ~lo|bmkhdv kdvk|l m dl" kl~lg u~hflvv h albu vmlv kgldk{

vfahhbv ka al o~lmlv dllg h~ lgl~mb ghbbm~v$ Wl{ mbvh lvmnbkva h|~ vfahhb)kdl~pldkhd ihglbv am kbb ldmnbl vmlv h mvvlvv m gkv~kf mdg vfahhbv fhi)

ikild h |vl al ghbbm~v llfkplb{$

Kgldwk`{kdo vfahhbv kwa wal o~lmwlvw dllg `h~

vfahhb kiu~hplildw ghbbm~v

Wl Hnmim mgikdkv~mkhd ~lblmvlg ~lo|bmkhdv kd >55; gldkdo vfahhbv mdg

gkv~kfv ka al o~lmlv dllg h~ |dgv mdg al v~hdolv fhiikild h

kiu~hpkdo mfmglikf mfaklplild ald k mddh|dflg kv dl kdplvild kd

vfahhb kiu~hplild$ Mffh~gkdo h al dl ~lo|bmkhdv" vmlv kgldk{ gkv~kfv

mdg vfahhbv ka al o~lmlv dllg n{ vh~kdo ali kdh a~ll kl~v$ Vulfkfmbb{"

gkv~kfv ka al o~lmlv dllg vl~pl hdl h~ ih~l h al hbbhkdo vfahhbv3

Wkl~ K vfahhbv3Lkal~ kbl K)~lflkpkdo vfahhbv am m~l kgldklg mv mihdo al ul~)vkvldb{ bhlv)mfaklpkdo < ul~fld h vfahhbv kd kiu~hplild" fh~~lfkpl mfkhd"

h~ ~lv~|f|~kdo kakd m vml" h~ m~l kbl K)~lflkpkdo akoa vfahhbv kd kiu~hpl)

ild" fh~~lfkpl mfkhd" h~ ~lv~|f|~kdo am ampl m o~mg|mkhd ~ml h blvv amd

05 ul~fld$=?

Wl Glum~ild h Lg|fmkhd glvf~knlv kl~ K vfahhbv mv ahvl h~akfa al gmm kdgkfml am hpl~mbb v|gld mfaklplild kv lq~lilb{ bh mdg am

bkwbl h~ dh u~ho~lvv amv hff|~~lg hpl~ m d|inl~ h {lm~v$=1 Vmlv ampl al hukhd

h kdfb|gl vkikbm~b{ bh)ul~h~ikdo kbl K)lbkoknbln| dh dlflvvm~kb{ ~lflkp)

kdolblildm~{ vfahhbv am ampl dh imgl mgl}|ml {lm~b{ u~ho~lvv h~ h


14/43

== Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

fhdvlf|kpl {lm~v" h~ am imjl |u al nhwhi >5 ul~fld h vfahhbv kd al vml

mffh~gkdo h vmlkgl ~lmgkdo mdg imalimkfv mvvlvvild ~lv|bv$=;

Wkl~ KK vfahhbv3 Vlfhdgm~{ vfahhbv am m~l lbkoknbl h~ n| gh dh ~lflkpl kbl K

ghbbm~v mdg m~l kgldklg mv mihdo al ul~vkvldb{ bhlv)mfaklpkdo < ul~fld

h vfahhbv h~ ahvl ka o~mg|mkhd ~mlv bhl~ amd 05 ul~fld$>5

Wlvl vfahhbvm~l mv bh mfaklpkdo mv kl~ K vfahhbv" n| al{ ampl ~mgkkhdmbb{ nlld hpl~)

bhhjlg n{ vfahhb kiu~hplild lh~v nlfm|vl lgl~mb uhbkf{ amv akvh~kfmbb{

~lvl~plg VKO ghbbm~v hdb{ h~ kbl K)~lflkpkdo vfahhbv$>= Vmlv ampl al hukhd

h kdfb|gl vkikbm~b{ bh)ul~h~ikdo kbl K)lbkoknbl vlfhdgm~{ vfahhbv am ampl

dh imgl mgl}|ml {lm~b{ u~ho~lvv h~ h fhdvlf|kpl {lm~v h~ am imjl |u

al nhwhi >5 ul~fld h vfahhbv kd al vml mffh~gkdo h vmlkgl ~lmgkdo mdg

ima mvvlvvild ~lv|bv$>>

Wkl~ KKK vfahhbv3 kbl K)~lflkpkdo vfahhbv am m~l kd kiu~hplild" fh~~lfkpl

mfkhd" h~ ~lv~|f|~kdo" am gh dh }|mbk { mv kl~ K h~ kl~ KK vfahhbv$ Vmlvampl al hukhd h kdfb|gkdo kbl K)lbkoknbl vfahhbv am gh dh }|mbk{ mv kl~ K

h~ KK vfahhbv mdg ampl mkblg h imjl mgl}|ml {lm~b{ u~ho~lvv h~ h fhdvlf|)

kpl {lm~v" h~ am imjl |u al nhwhi >5 ul~fld h vfahhbv kd al vml mffh~g)

kdo h vmlkgl ~lmgkdo mdg ima mvvlvvildv$>6

Kd al Glum~ild h Lg|fmkhdv hukdkhd" gkv~kfv ka al o~lmlv dllg m~l

ahvl am ampl nha kl~ K mdg kl~ KK vfahhbv" hbbhlg n{ ahvl am ampl hdb{

kl~ K vfahhbv$>7 Wl ~lo|bmkhdv ~l}|k~l am vmlv u~kh~kksl gkv~kfv ka kl~ K

mdg kl~ KK vfahhbv h~ v|no~mdv mv m ~lv|b$

Kgldwk`{kdo vfahhbv kwa wal vw~hdolvw fhiikwildw wh ~mkvkdo

vw|gldw mfaklplildw

Wl ~lpkvlg VKO ~lo|bmkhdv gldl ah vmlv vah|bg kgldk{ vfahhbv mdg gkv~kfv

am uhvvlvv al v~hdolv fhiikild h ~mkvkdo v|gld mfaklplildal hal~

u~l~l}|kvkl h~ vfahhbv glvk~kdo VKO ghbbm~v$ Kd mggkkhd" al ~lo|bmkhdv vulfk{

ah vmlv vah|bg lpmb|ml al v~ldoa h m gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv fhiikild$

Mihdo vfahhbv ka al o~lmlv dllgkl~ K mdg kl~ KK vfahhbv kd um~kf|bm~

gkv~kfv am uhvvlvv al v~hdolv fhiikild h |~dkdo m~h|dg vfahhbv m~l ahvl

am mo~ll h kiublild hdl h h|~ ~koh~h|v kdl~pldkhd ihglbv kd lmfa h al kl~

K mdg kl~ KK vfahhbv am k fhiikv h v|uuh~$ Wl ohmb h al h|~ kdl~pldkhd


15/43

=> Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

ihglbv kv h kdfh~uh~ml |dgmildmb" gkv~|ukpl famdolv am Zgkv~kfvY fh|bg

imjl kd h~gl~ h dmbb{ n~lmj al bhdo f{fbl h lg|fmkhdmb mkb|~l kd alvl

fa~hdkfmbb{ bhlv)ul~h~ikdo vfahhbv$>< Kd vah~" al ~lo|bmkhdv v|oolv am al

nhbgdlvv mdg al fambbldol am fhilv ka kiublildkdo md{ hdl h al h|~

kdl~pldkhd ihglbv kbb gll~ mbb n| al ihv fhiikwlg gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv ~hi

muub{kdo$>0

Blv bhhj ih~l fbhvlb{ m al h|~ kdl~pldkhd muu~hmfalv$

Wkl~ K mdg Wkl~ KK vfahhbv ~lflkpkdo Vlfwkhd =556!o+ vfahhb kiu~hpl)

ildw ghbbm~v i|vw kiublildw hdl h h|~ w|~dm~h|dg huwkhdv

w~mdvh~imwkhd" w|~dm~h|dg" ~lvwm~w" h~ vfahhb fbhv|~l$

W~mdv`h~imwkhd ihglb$ ^l}|k~lg ~lh~iv kdfb|gl ~lubmfkdo wal

u~kdfkumb k wal u~kdfkumb amv blg wal vfahhb h~ wh h~ ih~l {lm~v:

kiublildwkdo m ~hn|vw lpmb|mwkhd v{vwli h~ wlmfal~v mdg blmgl~v:

~lm~gkdo llfwkpl wlmfal~v mdg blmgl~v mdg gkvikvvkdo fa~hdkfmbb{

kdllfwkpl vwm: kdf~lmvkdo blm~dkdo wkil: |vkdo gmwm wh kiu~hpl

kdvw~|fwkhd: mdg u~hpkgkdo wal vfahhb kwa kdf~lmvlg lqknkbkw{ kd

imjkdo vwm mdg n|golw glfkvkhdv$

W|~dm~h|dg ihglb$ ^l}|k~lg ~lh~iv kdfb|gl ~lubmfkdo wal u~

k wal u~kdfkumb amv blg wal vfahhb h~ wh h~ ih~l {lm~v" vf~lld

mdg ~lak~kdo dh ih~l wamd


16/43


Om~dl~lg hal~ ~lvh|~flv h v|uuh~ vfahhb)kiublildmkhd lh~v

Ihgklg gkv~kf u~mfkflv h~ uhbkfklv h ldv|~l am vfahhb kiu~hplild lh~v

m~l |bb{ kiublildlg mdg llfkpl

Ihplg h ldv|~l al v|vmkdmnkbk{ h al kdl~pldkhdv hdfl |dgkdo gkikdkvalv

Kd mggkkhd" vmlv i|v mbvh fhdvkgl~ m gkv~kfv fmumfk{ h gll~ikdl al

v~ldoa h kv fhiikild h kiublild al kdl~pldkhdv llfkplb{$

Kd imd{ ~lvulfv al |ugmlg VKO ~lo|bmkhdv ampl f~lmlg m ih~l u~lvf~kukpl

o~md)imjkdo u~hflvv h~ vmlv$ Wl dl ~lo|bmkhdv vku|bml am vmlv vah|bg

fhiulkkplb{ gkvn|~vl VKO ghbbm~v h gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv" vulfk{ al {ulv h

vfahhbv mdg gkv~kfv am vmlv i|v m~ol" mdg u~hpkgl al f~kl~km h lpmb|ml m

gkv~kf mdg vfahhbv dllg h~ mdg fhiikild h |vl VKO ghbbm~v llfkplb{$

Lpld ka al dl o|kglbkdlv" vmlv vkbb ampl m o~lm glmb h gkvf~lkhd mdg

`lqknkbk{ kd ah al{ vamul alk~ o~md)imjkdo v~mlo{$ Vmlv lpmb|mkhd

h muubkfmkhdv" al {ul h lfadkfmb mvvkvmdfl am al{ u~hpkgl h gkv~kfv

mdg vfahhbv g|~kdo al muubkfmkhd u~hflvv" mdg alk~ u~hflvv h~ ihdkh~kdo

mdg ~ldlkdo o~mdv mlf al ~hn|vdlvv h vmlv v|no~md fhiulkkhdv$

Wkv umul~ akoabkoav al imddl~ kd akfa m l vmlv ampl muu~hmfalg alk~

VKO o~md)imjkdo u~hflvv mv m m{ h glihdv~mkdo al `lqknkbk{ am vmlv

fhdkd|l h ampl |dgl~ al ~lpkvlg vfahhb kiu~hplild u~ho~mi$ Blv |~d h

ahvl o~md)imjkdo muu~hmfalv dh$


17/43


M bhhj mw wal `k~vw fhah~w h`

VKO o~mdwv |dgl~ wal dl ~|blv

_ka vmlv dh olm~kdo |u h~ alk~ ak~g ~h|dg h VKO o~mdv |dgl~ al dl

~|blv" k kv albu|b h lqmikdl al ~v ~h|dg h o~mdv" akfa l~l mm~glg h

gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv g|~kdo al >5=5)== vfahhb {lm~$

Kd am ~v ~h|dg hdb{ m ~mfkhd h gkv~kfv ~lu~lvldkdo VKO)lbkoknbl vfahhbv

muubklg h~ o~mdv !vll mnbl =+$ K kv bkjlb{ am gkv~kfv ~lu~lvldkdo kl~ KKK

vfahhbvakfa imgl |u 10 ul~fld h mbb VKO)lbkoknbl vfahhbv kd al ~v

~h|dg>1l~l gkvfh|~molg ~hi muub{kdo kd vhil vmlv nlfm|vl al dl lgl~mb~lo|bmkhdv ~l}|k~l vmlv h u~kh~kksl |dgkdo h~ kl~ K mdg kl~ KK vfahhbv$

Kbbkdhkv" h~ lqmiubl" hdb{ kdpklg kl~ K mdg kl~ KK vfahhbv h muub{ mdg kdgkfmlg

am kl~ KKK vfahhbv h|bg nl kdpklg h muub{ k |dgkdo nlfmil mpmkbmnbl kd al

||~l$>; Wl bh d|inl~ h hmb vfahhbv ~lu~lvldlg mihdo gkv~kf muubkfmdv

vah|bg" al~lh~l" dh kd mdg h kvlb ~l`lf m bmfj h m glvk~l h~ VKO o~mdv$

Hdb{ == vmlv |bkimlb{ mm~glg o~mdv h kl~ KKK vfahhbv$ h h alvl vmlv"

Jld|fj{ mdg Pl~ihd" amg mihdo al akoalv muubkfmkhd ~ml mihdo VKO)lbkoknbl

vfahhbv$ Dlm~b{ =55 ul~fld h lbkoknbl vfahhbv muubklg h~ o~mdv kd alvl h vmlv$

Wl gmm mbvh imjlv k fblm~ am al ~mdvh~imkhd ihglb mv al uhu|bm~ fahkfl

mihdo vfahhb o~mdllv$ kl~ K mdg kl~ KK vfahhbv kd hdl)ak~g h al vmlv vlblflg

al ~mdvh~imkhd ihglb lqfb|vkplb{$ Mbah|oa oldl~mbb{ ul~flkplg mv al blmv

gkv~|ukpl nlfm|vl ihv lmfal~v fmd ~limkd kd ubmfl mdg vfahhb fbhv|~l h~ fhdpl~)

vkhd kv dh ~l}|k~lg" al ~mdvh~imkhd ihglb ghlv ~l}|k~l m pm~kl{ h hal~ ~lh~i

ilmv|~lv mv h|bkdlg lm~bkl~$ Im~{bmdg mv al hdb{ vml am gkg dh muub{ al

~mdvh~imkhd ihglb" ~lb{kdo kdvlmg hd al |~dm~h|dg mdg ~lvm~ ihglbv$

_ald k fhilv h kl~ KKK vfahhbv" akfa m~l dh ~l}|k~lg h kiublild hdl hal h|~ ihglbv" vmlv ampl m o~lm glmb h `lqknkbk{ kd al {ulv h ~lh~iv am

VKO o~mdv fmd v|uuh~ kd alvl vfahhbv$ Bh|kvkmdm" h~ lqmiubl" ~l}|k~lv kv kl~

KKK vfahhbv h kiublild hdl h al h|~ ihglbv" akbl Pl~ihd ~l}|k~lv kl~ KKK

vfahhbv h kiublild m blmv hdl v~mlo{ ~hi al ~mdvh~imkhd ihglb$65 Kd


18/43

=< Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

Pk~okdkm kl~ KKK vfahhbv m~l ~l}|k~lg h ak~l m vfahhb kiu~hplild fhmfa am kbb

mvvkv al vfahhb kd mgg~lvvkdo al vh|~fl h kv bh ul~h~imdfl$

Mbah|oa gmm h~ mbb 5ul~fld h muubkfmdv l~l mm~glg o~mdv" hbbhlg n{ Ikvvkvvkuuk !>> ul~fld+"

mdg Bh|kvkmdm !>? ul~fld+$ Hd al hal~ amdg" Mbmvjm" Jld|fj{" H~lohd" mdg

Pl~ihd mm~glg m o~md h mbb ahvl am muubklg$ Wl glo~ll h akfa vmlv

kiublildlg m old|kdl fhiulkkpl o~md u~hflvv" al~lh~l" pm~klv g~mimkfmbb{ k

c|golg n{ vmlv o~md muu~hpmb ~ml mbhdl$

Wl hbbhkdo vlfkhd ~lpklv al imddl~ kd akfa a~ll vmlvKbbkdhkv"

Bh|kvkmdm" mdg Pl~ihdmuu~hmfalg alk~ VKO o~md)imjkdo u~hflvv$ Wkv umul~

akoabkoav alvl vmlv h kbb|ikdml al vulf~|i h fhiulkkpldlvv am amv

lil~olg dh am vmlv m~l ~l}|k~lg h fhdg|f m fhiulkkpl v|no~md u~hflvv$


19/43


WMNBL =

^h|dg = Vfahhb Kiu~hplildw O~mdw)imjkdo mf~hvv mbb vwmwlv mdg wal Gkvw~kfw h` Fhb|inkm

Vwmwl

D|inl~

h` VKO)

lbkoknbl

vfahhbv

D|inl~

h` vfahhbv

~lu~lvldwlg

kd gkvw~kfw

muubkfmwkhdv

D|inl~

h` vfahhbv

mm~glg

o~mdwv

Muubkfmwkhd

muu~hpmb

~mwl

Kdwl~pldwkhd ihglb |vlg kd Wkl~ K mdg Wkl~ KK vfahhbv

Wkl~

kdwl~pldW~mdvh~imwkhd W|~dm~h|dg ^lvwm~w Fbhv|~l

Mbmnmim >06 60 => 66, == =

Mbmvjm =6; ? ? =55, 0 =

M~kshdm 65< 77 =; 76, => ?

M~jmdvmv >?; =< ? 7?, ?

Fmbkh~dkm >?>5 =0< ;>

Fhbh~mgh >15 )) =; )) ; 0 = 6

Fhddlfwkf|w >67 )) =7 )) ? 0 =

Glbmm~l >1 =5 > >5, >

Gkvw~kfw hFhb|inkm =>1 )) =5 )) 6 7 6

@bh~kgm 1>; )) ?? )) =? )) >0 )) >7 >

Ammkk ==< )) )) )) )) )) )) )) ))

Kgmah =0< )) 0 )) 0

Kbbkdhkv ?61 6= =5 6>, < 7 =

Kdgkmdm >;5 =0 ? 77, 7 6

Khm =65 =7 0 76, 0

Jmdvmv 7; == 0 >?, > 65

Imkdl )) == )) 0 )) ? >1 1< >1 66, =; ;

Ikddlvhwm >;7 )) =; )) =0 6

Ikvvkvvkuuk >>< 60 1 >>, 1

Ikvvh|~k 7 )) =? =7 =

Ihdwmdm =65 )) 0 )) 0

Dln~mvjm =? ? 7=, ?

Dlpmgm =6; )) =5 )) ? 6

Dl Amiuvak~l =


20/43

=? Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

Vwmwl

D|inl~

h` VKO)

lbkoknbl

vfahhbv

D|inl~

h` vfahhbv

~lu~lvldwlg

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22/43

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23/43

>5 Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

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blmgl~vaku am fmd fm~~{ am famdolh fm~~{ h| ~mgkfmb ~lh~i$ 66

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mdg al {ul h kdl~pldkhd ihglb$60

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24/43

>= Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

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25/43

>> Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

am u~huhvl nhbg" kddhpmkpl kdl~pldkhd v~mloklv mdg glihdv~ml vkodkfmd

fmumfk{" fhiikild" mdg v|vmkdmnkbk{$77 Wl vml vfh~lv mdg ~mdjv kv kl~ K

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gh ~lflkpl llgnmfj hd alk~ muubkfmkhdv mdg ampl al huuh~|dk{ h ~lpkvl mdg

~lv|nik alk~ muubkfmkhdv$76 Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

vmlv o~md u~hflvv akv m{3 _l amg m uakbhvhuakfmb fambbldol kd am l gkgd

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nlfm|vl h alk~ vimbb vksl$ Wl vmlv mpl~mol gkv~kf vksl kv 6>> v|gldv$


27/43


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u~hpkgl lfadkfmb mvvkvmdfl h gkv~kfv g|~kdo al o~md)imjkdo u~hflvv$ @h~ h|~


28/43

>< Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

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amg h u~hpkgl m vkodkfmd mih|d h lfadkfmb mvvkvmdfl h kiu~hpl alfhiulkkpldlvv h alk~ muubkfmkhd uhhb$ Wl dl fhiulkkpl dm|~l h al VKO

u~ho~mi gkg dh" kd kvlb" oldl~ml ~hn|v mdg nhbg vfahhb)kdl~pldkhd u~huhvmbv$

N| k gkg u~hiu vmlv h fhdvkgl~ ah al{ fmd v~ldoald alk~ fmumfk{ h

v|uuh~ VKO)lbkoknbl vfahhbv mdg gkv~kfv g|~kdo al o~md)muubkfmkhd u~hflvv$


29/43


Wlvl vfahhbv m~l n{ gldkkhd v~|oobkdo vfahhbv am oldl~mbb{ ~l}|k~l ih~l

v|uuh~ amd hal~ vfahhbv mdg al o~md u~hflvv muulm~v h nl dh lqflukhd$

Ihdkwh~kdo" mffh|dwmnkbkw{" mdg o~mdw ~ldlmb

Wl |ugmlg VKO u~ho~mi ~l}|k~lv vmlv h lvmnbkva mdd|mb ohmbv h~ v|gld

ima mdg ~lmgkdo mfaklplild hd vml mvvlvvildv h~ lmfa h kv kl~ K mdg kl~

KK vfahhbv$ K mbvh ~l}|k~lv vmlv h ihdkh~ lmfa kl~ K mdg kl~ KK vfahhb h~ u~ho)

~lvv hd al hbbhkdo dkdl blmgkdo kdgkfmh~v3?=

D|inl~ h ikd|lv kakd al vfahhb {lm~ V|gld)um~kfkumkhd ~mlv hd vml ~lmgkdo mdg ima mvvlvvildv G~huh| ~mlv V|gld)mwldgmdfl ~mlv D|inl~ mdg ul~fldmol h v|gldv fhiublkdo mgpmdflg fh|~vlh~j Gkvfkubkdl kdfkgldv ~|mdf{ gmm lmfal~ gkv~kn|khd gkvmoo~lomlg n{ ul~h~imdfl hd al gkv~kfv lmfal~)

lpmb|mkhd v{vli lmfal~)mwldgmdfl ~mlv

Wl a~ll vmlv ampl pm~{kdo n| h~imbkslg u~hflvvlv h~ ihdkh~kdo alk~

o~mdllv u~ho~lvv hd al mdd|mb ohmbv" al blmgkdo kdgkfmh~v" mdg hd alk~ vfahhb

kdl~pldkhd kiublildmkhd$

Kbbkdhkv

Kbbkdhkv ~lpklv gkv~kfv mdd|mb ~luh~v h~ u~ho~lvv hd al blmgkdo kdgkfmh~v

mdg v|gld mfmglikf mfaklplild$ Kd mggkkhd" al vml ihdkh~v alk~ u~ho~lvv

hm~g kiublildmkhd h al kdl~pldkhd" al h~j am kv v|uuh~lg n{ lql~)

dmb u~hpkgl~v" u~ho~lvv hm~g ihgk{kdo uhbkfklv mdg u~mfkflv am mlf vfahhb

kiu~hplild" mdg al gkv~kfv vluv h v|vmkd vfahhb kiu~hplild$?>

Wl ~l}|ldf{ h al vmlv ihdkh~kdo vhilam gluldgv hd al d|inl~ h VKO)

|dglg vfahhbv kd al gkv~kf" al mih|d h al o~mdv" mdg lmfa gkv~kfv fmumfk{

h llfkplb{ kiublild al kdl~pldkhd$?6 Kbbkdhkv vml lg|fmkhd hfkmbv imgl

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30/43

>? Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

kiublildkdo m u~hflvv am h|bg mbbh al vml h ampl fhdv|bmdv hd vkl ih~l

~lo|bm~b{$ Kbbkdhkv mbvh ~lflkplv h~imb llgnmfj ~hi lmfa h al lql~dmb blmg um~)

dl~v am m~l h~jkdo ka al vfahhbv mdg gkv~kfv m blmv h kilv m {lm~$ Mdg

gkv~kfv v|nik }|m~l~b{ n|gol mdg vlb)ihdkh~kdo ~luh~v h al vml$?7

Wl Kbbkdhkv Vml Nhm~g h Lg|fmkhd" h~ KVNL" mffh~gkdo h al vmlv muubkfmkhd"amv al ~koa h l~ikdml m o~md h~ u~hpkgl kdldvkpl lfadkfmb mvvkvmdfl k al

o~mdll muulm~v h ampl pll~lg ~hi kv ohmbv$?< Gkv~kfv m~l u~hpkglg ~kwld dhk)

fmkhd k al{ mkb h ill al l~iv h alk~ mo~llild" akfa kdfb|glv u~ho~mi)

~lbmlg hnclfkplv$ Gkv~kfv ampl =5 gm{v h mgg~lvv al kvv|l h KVNLv vmkvmfkhd

mffh~gkdo h Kbbkdhkvv gkv~kf)blplb muubkfmkhd" h~ KVNL im{ l~ikdml al o~md$

Pl~ihdw

Pl~ihd amv ~lh~omdkslg kv lg|fmkhd glum~ild kd ~lvuhdvl h al dlVKO ~|blv$ Mv um~ h am ~lfhdo|~mkhd" al vml lg|fmkhd glum~ild amv

h~omdkslg a~ll lmiv h u~hpkgl fhiu~laldvkpl v|uuh~ h vfahhbv ka al

ihv kdldvkpl dllgv$ Hdl lmi h~jv ka gkv~kfv am ampl kl~ K" KK" mdg KKK

vfahhbv" akbl m vlfhdg lmi h~jv ka gkv~kfv am f|~~ldb{ bmfj kl~ K mdg

KK vfahhbv n| ampl kl~ KKK vfahhbv$ M ak~g lmi h~jv ka vfahhbv am ampl

dh nlld kgldklg mv ul~vkvldb{ bhlv)ul~h~ikdo h u~hmfkplb{ u~lpld

ali ~hi mbbkdo h)fh|~vl$?0

Wlvl vml lmiv m~l fam~olg ka mdd|mbb{ ~lpklkdo v|gld)mfaklplild vfh~lv

ka gkv~kf o~mdllv$ Wl vml mbvh mvvlvvlv al kiublildmkhd ohmbv nkmdd|)

mbb{ mdg fhdg|fv vfmb ihdkh~kdo hd md hdohkdo nmvkv n{ lqmikdkdo lquldgk)

|~l ~luh~v mdg ~l}|lvv h~ |dgv$ Gkv~kfv" kd |~d" mvvlvv mdg ~luh~ vfahhb

kiu~hplild o~md)kiublildmkhd ohmbv }|m~l~b{$??

M blmv hdfl m ihda" al vml u~hpkglv kdldvkpl lfadkfmb mvvkvmdfl h kv kl~

K mdg kl~ KK vfahhbv mdg ghlv al vmil h~ kl~ KKK vfahhbv hd m }|m~l~b{ nmvkv$

Wkv v|uuh~ ikoa ldmkb vkl pkvkv" kiublildmkhd mvvkvmdfl" mdg glbk{ falfjv

am im{ ~lb{ hd kdl~pklv ka v|gldv" lmfal~v" mdg um~ldv$?1

Pl~ihd ~ldlv o~mdv nmvlg hd m gkv~kfv u~ho~lvv hm~g mfaklplild mdg hd

al blmgkdo kdgkfmh~v" h~imkpl mdg v|iimkpl v|gld gmm" u~ho~lvv hm~g

kiublildmkhd h al ihglbv h~ u~huhvlg kdl~pldkhd v~mloklv" mdg gkv~kf

um~kfkumkhd kd vml ~mkdkdov mdg hal~ vml)blplb vfahhb kiu~hplild lpldv$?;


31/43


Vml lg|fmkhd vm glfkgl alal~ h ~ldl h~ l~ikdml o~mdv nmvlg hd kdgk)

pkg|mb illkdov mdg fh~~lvuhdgldfl ka gkv~kfv mdg alk~ ul~h~imdfl ~lv|bv$

Wl u~hflvv h~ h~jkdo ka m vfahhb am amv pll~lg ~hi kv ubmd h~ kiu~hpl)

ild kv blvv h~imb fhium~lg h Kbbkdhkv mdg Bh|kvkmdm" nha h akfa ampl lkal~ m

h~imb kilbkdl h~ u~hflvv h~ gkv~kfv h ~lvuhdg h fhdfl~dv hpl~ ul~h~imdfl$

Bh|kvkmdm

Wl Bh|kvkmdm Glum~ild h Lg|fmkhd lvmnbkvalg kv Vfahhb |~dm~h|dg

Hfl kd >5=5 h n|kbg bhfmb fmumfk{ h |~d v~|oobkdo vfahhbv mdg gkv~kfv

m~h|dg mdg u~lpld al dllg h~ vml kdl~pldkhd$15 Mffh~gkdo h al vml"

ihdkh~kdo kd al ~mgkkhdmb vldvl kv dh ldh|oa h~ v~|oobkdo vfahhbv$1=

Wlvl vfahhbv ~l}|k~l m nlwl~ |dgl~vmdgkdo h al hhbv mdg jdhblgol dllglg

h hul~ml akoa)ul~h~ikdo vfahhbv$

Bh|kvkmdm ~l}|k~lv lmfa VKO)|dglg gkv~kf h muuhkd m vm ul~vhd h gk~lfb{

v|uuh~ kv vfahhbv mdg h~j fbhvlb{ ka md mvvkodlg vml hfkmb ~hi

Bh|kvkmdmv |~dm~h|dg hfl$1> Wl glvkodmlg |~dm~h|dg hfl vm ul~vhd

imjlv" m m ikdki|i" ihdab{ vkl pkvkv h al vfahhb mdg gkv~kf h u~hpkgl m~)

ollg v|uuh~$ Vml lg|fmkhd vm ~luh~ hd al hu a~ll fambbldolv mfkdo lmfa

VKO vfahhb nmvlg hd al ihdab{ vdmuvahv am vml vm fhbblf ~hi alk~ vkl

pkvkv" mdg glfkgl ah h mgg~lvv ali$16

Bh|kvkmdm m~kf|bmlv kv u~hflvv h mgg~lvv VKO)|dglg vfahhbv am m~l imjkdo

ikdkimb u~hflvv ih~l fblm~b{ kd kv lgl~mb VKO muubkfmkhd kd fhium~kvhd h al

hal~ h vmlv$ Wl vml lg|fmkhd moldf{ kbb kvv|l m blmv hdl ul~h~imdfl

m~dkdo h m vfahhb" mdg kv gkv~kf" am vahv m ghdm~g ul~h~imdfl ~ldg h~

bkwbl h dh ul~h~imdfl u~ho~lvv nmvlg hd al }|m~l~b{ ihdkh~kdo ~luh~v mdg

ihdab{ vkl pkvkv$17 Wl gkv~kf i|v ald v|nik m ~lpkvlg vfahhb kiu~hplild

ubmd$ Vfahhbv mdg gkv~kfv m~l |~al~ kdh~ilg am al{ m~l m ~kvj h lkal~ bhvkdo

|dgkdo h~ am vfahhb h~ am al gkv~kf im{ nl h~flg h vlblf m ih~l ~koh~h|v

kdl~pldkhd ihglb k ul~h~imdfl ghlv dh kiu~hpl$1; Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

alk~ fahkfl" v|fa mv kiu~hpkdo mwldgmdfl mdg g~huh| ~mlv$ @kdmbb{" Bh|kvkmdm

lg|fmkhd glum~ild vm nmvl ~ldlmb glfkvkhdv hd m vfahhbv u~ho~lvv kd ~lmfa)

kdo kv Dkdl U~kh~k{ Ohmbv" akfa vml am v|gldv kbb31?

Ldl~ jkdgl~om~ld ~lmg{ h blm~d

Nl bkl~ml n{ o~mgl 6 Nl m o~mgl blplb kd o~mgl 7 Nl m h~ mnhpl o~mgl blplb kd Ldobkva bmdo|mol m~v kd o~mgl 1 Nl m h~ mnhpl o~mgl blplb kd ima kd o~mgl 1 O~mg|ml ~hi akoa vfahhb hd kil Ld~hbb kd fhbblol kakd h {lm~v h o~mg|mkhd Fhiubll m blmv hdl {lm~ h fhbblolMfaklpl al mnhpl ohmbv ~lom~gblvv h ~mfl mdg vhfkhlfhdhikf vm|v

Vfahhbv mdg gkv~kfv am mkb h imjl u~ho~lvv kd alvl m~lmv mdg m~l |d~lvuhdvkpl

h al vmlv ul~h~imdfl m~dkdov ~kvj bhvkdo alk~ o~mdv$ Bh|kvkmdm kbb" ah)lpl~" okpl m gkv~kf mdg m v~|oobkdo vfahhb am kv ~lvuhdvkpl h al vmlv m~dkdov

mggkkhdmb v|uuh~ mdg md huuh~|dk{ h vlblf m gkl~ld kdl~pldkhd ihglb$

Wl vml im{ hal~kvl u|bb al gkv~kfv VKO |dgv h~ al vfahhb$11

\dgh|nlgb{ mbb vmlv ~lvbl ka al glfkvkhd h l~ikdml pmb|mnbl VKO |dgv

h~ alk~ v~|oobkdo vfahhbv" lpld kd kdvmdflv ald al~l kv ikdkimb u~ho~lvv$

Md kiuh~md um~ h akv glfkvkhd)imjkdo u~hflvv kv gll~ikdkdo alal~ al

vfahhb h~ gkv~kf amv nlld u~hpkglg ka v|fkld huuh~|dkklv mdg o|kgmdfl h

imjl al ihv llfkpl |vl h ghbbm~v" akfa kv bm~olb{ m v|nclfkpl gll~ikdmkhd$

Vmlv" ahlpl~" md h ldv|~l am al{ m~l imjkdo vh|dg kdplvildv$ Wl~lh~l

al ihv muu~hu~kml vlu am vmlv fmd mjl im{ nl h imjl al u~hflvv mdg

f~kl~km h~ o~md ~ldlmb mdg l~ikdmkhdv mv ~mdvum~ld mv uhvvknbl$

Mbb a~ll vmlv fblm~b{ kgldk{ al f~kl~km |uhd akfa o~md)~ldlmb glfkvkhdv

kbb nl imgl$ Bh|kvkmdm" kdl~lvkdob{" kdfb|glv gmm am hal~ vmlv ampl dh {l

kdfb|glg kd alk~ u~hflvv$ N| ih~l kiuh~mdb{" Bh|kvkmdm ghlv m nlwl~ chn ald

fhium~lg h hal~ vmlv kd fblm~b{ m~kf|bmkdo al vmlv u~hflvv h~ ~ldlkdo o~mdv

mdg vulfklv m akfa uhkd gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv im{ nl m ~kvj h bhvkdo |dgkdo$

Ul~flkplg kiumfw h` dl ~lo|bmwkhdv hd o~mdw)imjkdo u~mfwkflv

Pl~ihd vml hfkmbv kdgkfmlg am alk~ o~md)imjkdo muu~hmfa h~ VKO ghbbm~v

amv famdolg vkodkfmdb{ mv m ~lv|b h al dl ~lo|bmkhdv$ Wl vml" akfa


33/43


u~lpkh|vb{ mm~glg o~mdv h gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv nmvlg hd m h~i|bm" lqubmkdlg am

al VKO o~md)imjkdo ~|blv albulg k ~lfhodksl al dllg h~ m h~imbkslg u~hflvv

h v|uuh~ fa~hdkfmbb{ |dgl~ul~h~ikdo vfahhbv$ Mffh~gkdo h vml hfkmbv" K

amv albulg |v h ~lhf|v h|~ lh~v$ $$$ k ompl |v md huuh~|dk{ h akdj mnh| ah

nlwl~ h v|uuh~ akv h~j mdg ah h n|kbg fmumfk{ m al vml blplb$1;

Pl~ihd lg|fmkhd vm" ahlpl~" kdgkfmlg am al f|~~ld h~i|bm h~ kgldk{)

kdo mdg ~mdjkdo ul~vkvldb{ bh)ul~h~ikdo vfahhbv im{ dh nl al nlv ilahg

h~ alk~ vimbb vml$ Wl vml lb hnbkolg h kdfb|gl vhil akoal~)ul~h~ikdo

vfahhbv kd al bkv" md |dkdldglg fhdvl}|ldfl h al f|~~ld h~i|bm$

Ilmdakbl Kbbkdhkv vml lg|fmkhd vm kdgkfmlg llbkdo dh v|fa fhdv~mkdv$

Wl{ lb am al dl ~lo|bmkhdv okpl vmlv ldh|oa `lqknkbk{ h m~ol al ~koa

vfahhbv$;5 N| al vml mbvh glvf~knlg al VKO u~ho~mi mv hdl fhiuhdld h alk~

vmlkgl muu~hmfa$ Kbbkdhkv vml lg|fmkhd vm ampl hal~ m{v h m~ol mdg

kgldk{ vfahhbv am m~l mbbkdo nlakdg nmvlg hd alk~ dmdfkmb ul~h~imdfl mdga|imd)fmukmb ~lvh|~flv" ah|oa al{ mo~ll am al hf|v hd mfaklplild kd al

lgl~mb gldkkhdv ul~vkvldb{ bhlv)mfaklpkdo vfahhbv kv muu~hu~kml$

Kd Bh|kvkmdm vml hfkmbv m~l fhdgld am al{ m~l m~olkdo al ~koa vfahhbv ka

alk~ VKO ghbbm~v3 _ald K bhhj m h|~ mfabkv" K vll al bhlv)ul~h~ikdo vfahhbv

kd h|~ vml$ Wl~lv dhakdo kd al lgl~mb gldkkhd am amv mbbhlg |v h dh

kgldk{ al ~koa vfahhbv$;= Bh|kvkmdm hfkmbv gkg" ahlpl~" vml am k h|bg nl

albu|b k vmlv fh|bg uh~khd h| vhil VKO ghbbm~v h v|uuh~ vfahhbv am gh dh

~l}|k~l ahbl)vfahhb ~lh~i n| am h|bg vkbb nldl ~hi vhil v|uuh~$

Wl |ugmlg VKO ~l}|k~lildv ampl famdolg al m{ am Bh|kvkmdm akdjv mnh|

vfahhb kiu~hplild$ _akbl Bh|kvkmdm mv mjkdo vluv h v~ldoald kv vmlkgl

kiu~hplild v{vli ald al VKO ~lo|bmkhdv l~l ~lblmvlg" al liuamvkv hd

fmumfk{ mdg fhiikild mv dh al~l nlh~l Zal ~lo|bmkhdv"Y mffh~gkdo

h Bh|kvkmdm vml lg|fmkhd vm$;> Vml vm nlbklpl am al dl fhiulkkpl

dm|~l h al VKO u~ho~mi ~l}|k~lv al vml h bhhj m m{v h n|kbg fmumfk{ kd

alk~ bh)ul~h~ikdo vfahhbv am ampl dh nlld mm~glg o~mdv" um~kf|bm~b{ al

vmlv ~|~mb vfahhbv$ Wl vmlv vfahhb |~dm~h|dg hfl vm m~l h~jkdo ka

vhil h alvl gkv~kfv h imjl famdolv am gh dh dlflvvm~kb{ ~l}|k~l |dgkdo$ Kdhdl gkv~kf" h~ lqmiubl" |~dm~h|dg vm m~l h~jkdo hd fhiuhdldv h lmfal~

llfkpldlvv" kdfb|gkdo u~hhfhbv h~ hnvl~pkdo lmfal~v kd al fbmvv~hhi hbbhlg

n{ fhmfakdo vlvvkhdv h kiu~hpl lmfal~ u~mfkfl$;6


34/43

6= Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

@kdgkdov mdg uhbkf{ kiubkfmwkhdv

Wl dl lgl~mb VKO ~lo|bmkhdv ampl u~hiulg vmlv h ~lakdj alk~ o~md)

imjkdo u~hflvv" kdfb|gkdo ah al{ lpmb|ml o~md muubkfmkhdv" v|uuh~ gkv~kfv

g|~kdo al muubkfmkhd u~hflvv" mdg ihdkh~ mdg ahbg o~mdllv mffh|dmnbl$ Wl

imddl~ kd akfa Kbbkdhkv" Bh|kvkmdm" mdg Pl~ihd ampl kiublildlg alk~ VKO

u~ho~miv kv dh dlflvvm~kb{ ~lu~lvldmkpl h al u~mfkflv mdg uhbkfklv mjkdo

ubmfl mf~hvv al fh|d~{$ N| al~l m~l vhil kvv|lv am lil~olg ~hi akv vimbb

o~h|u h vmlv am nlm~ ildkhdkdo mdg |~al~ lqmikdmkhd mf~hvv mbb vmlv$

Mfflvv wh VKO ghbbm~v im{ h~ im{ dhw nl fhiulwkwkpl gluldgkdo

hd wal vwmwl

Wl dl lgl~mb ~lo|bmkhdv ~l}|k~l vmlv h lvmnbkva m fhiulkkpl u~hflvv

h mm~g VKO o~mdv h gkv~kfv mdg alk~ vfahhbv$ Bh|kvkmdm mdg Kbbkdhkv ampl

kiublildlg fhiulkkpl o~md u~hflvvlv am mbbh ali h kgldk{ mdg vh~

a~h|oa alk~ bm~ol d|inl~ h v~|oobkdo vfahhbv mdg m~ol lgl~mb ghbbm~v h

vfahhbv al~l al{ m~l bkjlb{ h imjl al o~lmlv kiumf$ Nha vmlv mgal~l h

m v~kf f|h vfh~l ald lpmb|mkdo alk~ o~md muubkfmkhdv mdg fahhvl h m~ol

alk~ VKO ghbbm~v hdb{ h al ihv fhiulkkpl vfahhbv mdg gkv~kfv$ Nha vmlv

mbvh |vlg ~lpkll~v h|vkgl al vml glum~ild h lg|fmkhd" h~ lpld al vml" h

~lpkl muubkfmkhdv$

Mv m vimbbl~ vml ka ll~ v~|oobkdo vfahhbv" Pl~ihd nlbklplv k amv al mnkbk{

mdg ~lvh|~flv h v|uuh~ ihv k dh mbb h kv bhlv)ul~h~ikdo vfahhbv$ Vml

hfkmbv oldl~mbb{ nlbklpl am al kdgmbb h vfahhb kiu~hplild ghbbm~v g|l h

M^ ~mplblg |~al~ mdg gllul~ kd alk~ vml$

Fl~mkdb{ al~l m~l kvv|lv h fhdvkgl~ kd nha muu~hmfalv$ Bh|kvkmdmv akoa nm~

h~ mm~gkdo o~mdv" h~ kdvmdfl" ilmd am vhil h al ihv dllg{ vfahhbv" mv

gldlg n{ al lgl~mb ~lo|bmkhdv" l~l umvvlg hpl~ h~ |dgkdo$ Wl vmil kv ~|l

kd Kbbkdhkv" al~l ih~l amd ?55 vfahhbv l~l lbkoknbl h~ VKO o~mdv n| hdb{ m


35/43

6> Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

amdg|b h vfahhbv m~l vllkdo ahvl lgl~mb ghbbm~v$ Hd al hal~ amdg" Pl~ihd

vfahhbv am m~l kdl~lvlg kd kdvk|kdo vhil kiuh~md vfahhb kiu~hplild

~lh~iv oldl~mbb{ amg mfflvv h VKO ~lvh|~flv h v|uuh~ alk~ h~j$ Wkv kv dh md

kdvkodkfmd kvv|l$ Vmlv i|v lkoa al il~kv h |vkdo lgl~mb ~lvh|~flv h~ m l

vfahhbv kdvlmg h m bm~ol~ d|inl~ h vfahhbv kd glvkodkdo alk~ VKO u~ho~mi$

Kd Kbbkdhkv mdg Bh|kvkmdm m gkv~kfv fhiikild mdg fmumfk{ h |vl lgl~mb |dgv

llfkplb{ mdg imjl nhbg famdolv muulm~lg h fm~~{ ih~l lkoa amd dmdfkmb

dllg$ Mv hdl Bh|kvkmdm hfkmb vmlg" K ghlvd albu h bm{l~ hd ih~l |dgkdo hd

m vfahhb am ghlvd ampl m ubmd$;7

K kv hh vhhd h vll al kiumfv h alvl lm~b{ ~h|dg h VKO o~mdv" n| Kbbkdhkv mdg

Bh|kvkmdm m~l m~olkdo alk~ ~lvh|~flv mdg ghbbm~v kd m fhah~ h vfahhbv am kv dh

hdb{ vimbbl~ mdg ih~l m~ollg n| mbvh kd vfahhbv am m~l kd m uhvkkhd h kdvk)

|l vhil h al ih~l g~mimkf ~lh~iv am al Hnmim mgikdkv~mkhd kdldglg

h vll mv m ~lv|b h kv kdplvild$ Wl vimbbl~ u~huh~khd h mm~glg vfahhbv mbvhilmd am vhil h alvl vfahhbv amg ih~l ghbbm~v h |vl hm~g alk~ ~lh~iv$

h|dg = kl~ KKK vfahhbv kd Bh|kvkmdm" h~ lqmiubl" ampl m ';55 mdd|mb ul~)u|ukb

o~md mm~g fhium~lg h Pl~ihdv '=


36/43


kv m um~kf|bm~b{ kiuh~md fhdvkgl~mkhd okpld al m~ol h al vfahhb kiu~hpl)

ild o~mdv|dgl~ul~h~ikdo gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv am oldl~mbb{ dllg ih~l

v|uuh~ amd hal~ vfahhbv$

Muubkfmwkhd ~mwlv pm~klg v|nvwmdwkmbb{ mf~hvv vwmwlv

M vimbbl~ u~huh~khd h VKO)lbkoknbl vfahhbv mdg alk~ gkv~kfv muubklg h~ lgl~mb

ghbbm~v kd nha al ~v mdg vlfhdg ~h|dg kd Kbbkdhkv mdg Bh|kvkmdm kd fhium~kvhd

h Pl~ihdv |~dh| kd al ~v ~h|dg$ Kd Pl~ihd dlm~b{ lpl~{ lbkoknbl vfahhb

muubklg h~ o~mdv$ Kbbkdhkv bkiklg VKO |dgkdo h kv 05 kl~ K mdg kl~ KK vfahhbv"

n| gkv~kfv ~lu~lvldkdo hdb{ amb h alvl vfahhbv muubklg h~ VKO ghbbm~v kd

Kbbkdhkvv ~v ~h|dg$ Hdl vml hfkmb v|oolvlg am al h|~ kdl~pldkhd ihglbv

im{ ampl gkvfh|~molg vhil gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv ~hi muub{kdo$ Wkv ik~~h~v am

hal~ ~lvlm~fa amv h|dg$;< Ilmdakbl kd Bh|kvkmdm ==1 h| h md lbkoknbl 6>5

vfahhbv muubklg kd al ~v ~h|dg$ Bh|kvkmdm vml hfkmbv m~l u~hpkgkdo lfadkfmbmvvkvmdfl ka dhd)VKO ghbbm~v h vhil h al lbkoknbl gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv am

gkg dh muub{ h~ m VKO o~md h kiublild vhil u~lbkikdm~{ vfahhb kiu~hplild

vluv v|fa mv kiu~hpkdo al llfkpldlvv h lmfal~v kd bh)ul~h~ikdo vfahhbv$

Wl ohmb kv am vhil h alvl gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv ikoa nl ih~l ldfh|~molg h

muub{ h~ ghbbm~v kd al ||~l h fhdkd|l alk~ h~j$

\dbkjl hal~ vmlv Pl~ihd amg pl~{ akoa muubkfmkhd |~dh| kd kv ~v ~h|dg

h VKO o~mdv$ Vkq{)vkq h| h 0; vfahhbv muubklg h~ o~mdv$ Pl~ihd lg|fmkhd

vm m~l |dv|~l a{ al vml amg v|fa m v~hdo |~dh|$ Wl vml gkg dh u~hi)

kvl o~mdv h mbb vfahhbv" n| vfahhbv l~l kdh~ilg am al~l h|bg bkjlb{ nl

ldh|oa |dgkdo h vl~pl imd{ vfahhbv$ K mv dh ~hbblg h| mv m kddl~)bhvl~

u~huhvkkhd" mffh~gkdo h vml hfkmbv$;0 Vml hfkmbv v|~ikvl am akv im{ ampl

ldfh|~molg m bm~ol d|inl~ h gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv h muub{$ Kd mggkkhd al v|n)

vmdkmb mvvkvmdfl am al Pl~ihd Glum~ild h Lg|fmkhd u~hpkglg a~h|oa)

h| al o~md u~hflvv im{ ampl ubm{lg m um~$;?

F~kwl~km `h~ ihdkwh~kdo gkvw~kfwv kv fblm~ n|w wal u~hflvv `h~ o~mdw

~ldlmb mdg wl~ikdmwkhd fmd nl `|~wal~ `h~imbkslg

Vmlv l~l oldl~mbb{ fblm~ kd alk~ muubkfmkhdv h al \$V$ Glum~ild h

Lg|fmkhd" fh~~lvuhdgldfl h gkv~kfv" h~ hd alk~ lnvkl mnh| al f~kl~km al{

h|bg |vl h lpmb|ml muubkfmkhdv$ Wl vfh~kdo v{vliv kd Kbbkdhkv mdg Bh|kvkmdm"


37/43


akfa kdfb|gl fblm~)f| vfh~lv am muubkfmkhdv i|v ~lmfa h nl |dglg" |~al~

kdf~lmvlg al ~mdvum~ldf{ h alk~ ~lpklkdo u~hflvvlv$

K kv mbvh lpkgld am mb b a~ll vmlv u~hpkgl fblm~ f~kl~km |uhd akfa gkv~kfv

mdg vfahhbv kbb nl ihdkh~lg mdg lpmb|mlg h~ o~md ~ldlmb h~ l~ikdmkhd$

N| k kv h~a dhkdo am mbb vmlv vah|bg kiu~hpl al ~mdvum~ldf{ h alk~u~hflvv h ~ldl h~ l~ikdml o~mdv$ Bh|kvkmdm mdg Kbbkdhkv m~l m vlu h malmg

h Pl~ihd kd akv ~lvulf$ Bh|kvkmdm amv fblm~b{ m~kf|bmlg alk~ u~hflvv kd alk~

lgl~mb VKO muubkfmkhd" mdg Kbbkdhkv vmlv alk~ l~ikdmkhd u~hflvv kd alk~

gkv~kf)blplb muubkfmkhd$ Wl u~hflvv kv i|fa blvv ~mdvum~ld kd Pl~ihd$ Mbb

vmlv" kdfb|gkdo al a~ll hf|v vmlv" vah|bg fhdvkgl~ ah alk~ o~md)~ldlmb

u~hflvv fmd nl ih~l ~mdvum~ld kd alk~ gkv~kf)blplb muubkfmkhdv" vmlildv

h mo~llildv ka gkv~kfv" mdg hd alk~ lnvklv vh um~ldv mdg fhii|dk{

vmjlahbgl~v fmd nl l}|mbb{ kdh~ilg$


38/43

6< Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

Fhdfb|vkhd

Wl ~kvkdo d|inl~ h vml)kgldklg v~|oobkdo vfahhbv" holal~ ka vmlv bmfj

h fmumfk{ mdg ~lvh|~flv" amv ihkpmlg lgl~mb uhbkf{imjl~v hpl~ al {lm~v h

kdf~lmvl al lgl~mb ohpl~dildv kdplvild kd vfahhb kiu~hplild lh~v mdg

kiu~hpl al m~olkdo mdg |vl h vfahhb kiu~hplild ghbbm~v$ Wl Hnmim mgikd)

kv~mkhd amv imgl md |du~lflgldlg kdplvild kd al Vfahhb Kiu~hplild

O~md u~ho~mi mdg ~lpkvlg u~ho~mi ~lo|bmkhdv mv m ~lv|b$

Wl |ugmlg VKO u~ho~mi kv hld f~kk}|lg h~ nlkdo hpl~b{ u~lvf~kukpl$;1 Wldl ~lo|bmkhdv ohpl~dkdo al lgl~mb u~ho~mi ampl fl~mkdb{ dm~~hlg vfahhb

mdg gkv~kf |vl h |dgv" n| k kv mbvh lpkgld am vmlv fhdkd|l h ampl m o~lm

glo~ll h `lqknkbk{ kd kiublildkdo alk~ o~md)imjkdo v~mlo{$ Wl{ uhvvlvv

gkvf~lkhd mdg `lqknkbk{ kd alk~ u~hflvv h~ lpmb|mkdo muubkfmkhdv" al {ul mdg

glo~ll h lfadkfmb mvvkvmdfl am al{ u~hpkgl h gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv g|~kdo al

muubkfmkhd u~hflvv" mdg alk~ u~hflvv h~ ihdkh~kdo mdg ~ldlkdo o~mdv$

V~kjkdo al muu~hu~kml nmbmdfl nllld v|uuh~kdo hdb{ akoa)}|mbk{ vfahhb

kiu~hplild kdkkmkplv" kdplvkdo v|fkld ghbbm~v h mfaklpl kiumf" mdg

mgg~lvvkdo vfahhbv gk~l dllgv h~ |dgv kv fl~mkdb{ m fambbldol h~ vmlv$ Vmlv

bkjl Kbbkdhkv mdg Bh|kvkmdm ampl kdvk|lg m fhiulkkpl o~md u~hflvv am m~olv

ghbbm~v h m vimbb d|inl~ h vfahhbv am ampl fhiikwlg h kiublild hdl h al

VKO u~ho~miv h|~ ihglbv$ Ilmdakbl m vml bkjl Pl~ihd" nlfm|vl h kv vimbb

vksl" nlbklplv k amv al ~lvh|~flv h ~lmfa ih~l vfahhbv mdg al~lh~l |dglg ihv

h kv VKO)lbkoknbl vfahhbv$

Bh muubkfmkhd |~dh| mihdo gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv kv {l mdhal~ fambbldol

mflg n{ vmlv mdg mv lpkgld kd nha Kbbkdhkv mdg Bh|kvkmdm" v|oolvkdo am

imd{ gkv~kfv im{ nl va{kdo mm{ ~hi kiublildkdo hdl h al h|~ VKOihglbv$ Wl dl ihglbv l~l u| kd ubmfl um~b{ h ldv|~l am ahvl muub{kdo

h~ |dgv l~l fhiikwlg h |vkdo lgl~mb VKO ghbbm~v hdb{ h~ g~mimkf ~lh~i$

Vh ul~amuv akv kv m dm|~mb fhdvl}|ldfl$ M blmv hdl vml" Bh|kvkmdm" kv h~j)

kdo ka VKO)lbkoknbl gkv~kfv am gkg dh muub{ h~ o~mdv h kiublild vimbbl~


39/43


~lh~iv am kbb ahul|bb{ ldfh|~mol ali h imjl al blmu h vhil h al nhbgl~

ihglbv am al dl VKO ~l}|k~lildv dh ~l}|k~l$

Glvukl al fhiulkkpl dm|~l h al VKO u~ho~mi mdg al fhiikild h nhbg

~lh~i vam~lg mihdo al l gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv am |bkimlb{ muubklg" al

}|mbk{ h ahvl muubkfmkhdv kv m fhdfl~d h~ ihv vmlv$ Mbb a~ll vmlvKbbkdhkv"Bh|kvkmdm" mdg Pl~ihdkdplvlg ~lildgh|v v|uuh~ mdg kil h kiu~hpl al

}|mbk{ h alk~ gkv~kf mdg vfahhb muubkfmkhdv$ Wkv mggkkhdmb n|~gld hd vmlv

im{ gkvvkuml mv gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv nlfhil ih~l mf}|mkdlg ka al VKO

u~ho~miv dl ~l}|k~lildv mdg glimdgv$ Vmlv" ahlpl~" vah|bg nl u~lum~lg h

u~hpkgl v|nvmdkmb lfadkfmb mvvkvmdfl mdg v|uuh~ h alk~ VKO)lbkoknbl gkv~kfv

mdg vfahhbv g|~kdo al o~md)imjkdo u~hflvv$

Vkikbm~b{" al lgl~mb ohpl~dild vah|bg ~lfhodksl al kdf~lmvlg ~lvuhdvknkbk{

am vmlv m~l mvv|ikdo mv m ~lv|b h al dl ~lo|bmkhdv mdg ldv|~l am al{ m~l

lbb v|uuh~lg kd alk~ lh~ h kiu~hpl al dmkhdv vfahhbv$ Wl VKO u~ho~miahbgv o~lm u~hikvl" um~kf|bm~b{ k lgl~mb uhbkf{imjl~v mdg mbb vmlv ldv|~l am

hdb{ gkv~kfv mdg vfahhbv ka al o~lmlv fmumfk{ mdg v~hdolv uhbkkfmb kbb h

kiublild nhbg ~lh~iv ~lflkpl alvl pmb|mnbl o~md mm~gv$


40/43

6? Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

Mnh|w wal m|wah~

Ilbkvvm Bmsm~d kv md kdgluldgld lg|fmkhdmb fhdv|bmd$ Val kv al h~il~

Mvvhfkml Gk~lfh~ h Lg|fmkhd Uhbkf{ m al Fldl~ h~ Mil~kfmd U~ho~lvv al~l

val hf|vlg u~kdfkumbb{ hd akoa vfahhb ~lh~i" lqumdglg blm~dkdo kil" vmdgm~gv)

nmvlg ~lh~i" mdg lg|fmkhd kvv|lv ~lbmlg h Ldobkva bmdo|mol blm~dl~v mdg Bmkdhv$

U~kh~ h chkdkdo Mil~kfmd U~ho~lvv" Bmsm~d vl~plg mv gk~lfh~ h lg|fmkhd uhbkf{

m @k~v @hf|v" m dmkhdmb fakbg~ldv mgphfmf{ h~omdksmkhd" mdg mv mvvhfkml gk~lf)

h~ h lg|fmkhd uhbkf{ m al Dmkhdmb Fh|dfkb h Bm msm" m dmkhdmb Bmkdh fkpkb

~koav mdg mgphfmf{ h~omdksmkhd$ Kd nha fmumfkklv" val mgpmdflg lgl~mb blokvbm)

khd ~lbmlg h akoa vfahhb ~lh~i" lg|fmkhdmb huuh~|dkklv h~ kiiko~mdv" mdg

vmdgm~gv)nmvlg ~lh~i$ Lm~bkl~ kd al~ fm~ll~ Bmsm~d h~jlg mv m uhbkf{ mdmb{v

ka Vhfkmb Uhbkf{ lvlm~fa Mvvhfkmlv kd Hmjbmdg" Fmbkh~dkm" al~l val lpmb|)

mlg Chn Fh~uv" vfahhb)h)h~j" h~jh~fl)glplbhuild u~ho~miv" mdg akoa

vfahhb u~ho~miv$ Val ahbgv m nmfalbh~v glo~ll ~hi Vmdh~g \dkpl~vk{ mdgm imvl~v glo~ll ~hi al B{dghd N$ Chadvhd Vfahhb h U|nbkf Mmk~v m al

\dkpl~vk{ h lqmv m M|vkd$

Mfjdhblgoildwv

Wl m|ah~ amdjv al hbbhkdo kdgkpkg|mbv ah vam~lg alk~ kil mdg ul~vulf)

kpl vh oldl~h|vb{ kd al fh|~vl h glplbhukdo akv u|nbkfmkhd3 Ihdk}|l Fakvi"

Kbbkdhkv Vml Nhm~g h Lg|fmkhd: m{dl Im~kd mdg Valkbm O|kg~{" Bh|kvkmdm

Glum~ild h Lg|fmkhd: ml Mdd Jdhu mdg Jlddla livld" Pl~ihd

Glum~ild h Lg|fmkhd$ Mil~kfmd U~ho~lvv amdjv Wl Lbk mdg Lg{al N~hmg

@h|dgmkhd h~ alk~ vuhdvh~vaku h akv u|nbkfmkhd mv lbb mv alk~ hdohkdo

v|uuh~ h al h~omdksmkhdv lg|fmkhd u~ho~miv$ Wl ah|oav mdg hukdkhdv

u~lvldlg kd akv ~luh~ m~l ahvl h al m|ah~ mbhdl" mdg gh dh dlflvvm~kb{ ~lu)

~lvld al hukdkhdv h al h|dgmkhd$


41/43


Ldgdhwlv

= Wal \$V$ Glum~wilw h Lg|fmwkh lvwkimwlg wamw lm~{ =6"555vfahhv amg nll kglwklg h~ kiu~hplilw k wal >55?)51 vfahh{lm~$ Vll3 M~l G|fm" Wlvwkih{ nlh~l wal Ah|vl mg V lmwl Mu)u~hu~kmwkhv V|nfhiikwwllv" C|l 6" >55;" mpmkmnl mw awwu3(($lg$ohp(lv(vullfalv(vlf~lwm~{)m~l)g|fm)wlvwklv)vfm){lm~)>5=5)n|golw)~l}|lvw)ah|vl)mg)vlmwl)muu~h$

> Wal l vfahh kiu~hplilw o|kgmfl ~l}|k~lv vwmwlv wh vh~w walk~

hlvw)mfaklpko vfahhv kwh wa~ll wkl~v$ Vwmwlv fm |g walk~Wkl~ KKK vfahhv h{ mwl~ |gko h~ Wkl~ K mg KK vfahhv amv nllfhvkgl~lg$ OMHv gmwm lqmikl wal u~huh~wkh h Wkl~ K mg Wkl~ KKmuukfmwv wamw l~l |glg mg gh hw kf|gl Wkl~ KKK muukfmwv$@h~ ih~l kh~imwkh" vll3 Ohpl~ilw Mffh|wmnkkw{ Hfl" Lm~{Kiulilwmwkh \gl~ _m{" n|w lh~iv M`lfwlg n{ Vah~w Wkil@~milv" OMH)==)?7=" luh~w wh wal Pkfl Famk~im" Fhiikwwll hMuu~hu~kmwkhv" \kwlg Vwmwlv Vlmwl" mg wal Famk~im mg mj)ko Ilinl~" V|nfhiikwwll h bmnh~" Almwa mg A|im V l~pkflv"Lg|fmwkh mg lmwlg Molfklv" Fhiikwwll h Muu~hu~kmwkhv"\kwlg Vwmwlv Vlmwl" C|{ >5==$

6 Vwlpl A|~n|~w mg hwal~v" Nmvlkl Mm{vlv h VKO Muukfmwkhvmg VKO)Lkoknl mg VKO)Mm~glg Vfahhv !Kvwkw|wl h Lg|fmwkhVfklflv" \$V$ Glum~wilw h Lg|fmwkh" >5==+$

7 Vlfwkh =556!m+ h wal dh Fakg blw Nlakg Mfw ~l}|k~lg vwmwlv wh vlwmvkgl wh ul~flw h walk~ Wkwl K mhfmwkhv k @[ >55> mg >556$ Wakvu~huh~wkh kf~lmvlg wh h|~ ul~flw k @[ > 557$

< Ohpl~ilw Mffh|wmnkkw{ Hfl" dh Fakg blw Nlakg Mfw3 Lg|fm)wkh Mfwkhv Fh|g Ki u~hpl wal Wm~olwko h Vfahh Kiu~hplilw@|gv wh Vfahhv Ihvw k dllg h Mvvkvwmfl" OMH)51)615" luh~w whwal Famk~im mg mj ko Ilinl~" V|nfhiikwwll h bmnh~" Almwamg A|im Vl~pkflv" Lg|fmwkh" mg lmwlg Molfklv" Fhiikwwllh Muu~hu~kmwkhv" \kwlg Vwmwlv Vlmwl" @ln~|m~{ >551$

0 Knkg$

? Vll3 Ua{kv IfF|~l" Vfahh Kiu~hplilw \gl~ dh Fakg blw Nl)akg !_mvakowh3 Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv" >5555?)51\ugmwl !_mvakowh3 Flwl~ h Lg|fmwkh Uhkf{" >55?+$

1 Knkg$

; Vfahh Kiu~hplilw O~mwv" @km |l" @lgl~mb lokvwl~?< !>51+!>5=5+3 0060;$

=5 \$V$ Glum~wilw h Lg|fmwkh" Vfahh Kiu~hplilw @|g VwmwlMuukfmwkh !>55?+$

== Vll3 Ohpl~ilw Mffh|wmnkkw{ Hfl" dh Fakg blw Nlakg Mfw3Lg|fmwkh Mfwkhv Fh|g Kiu~hpl wal Wm~olwko h Vfahh Kiu~hpl)ilw @|gv$ Vwmwlv l~l v|~pl{lg nlwll C|{ mg Hfwhnl~ >55?"u~kh~ wh wal kiulilwmwkh h wal @[ >55? VKO =556!o+ o~mwv$

Wal~lh~l vwmwlv ~lvuhvlv mg gmwm k wakv ~luh~w h{ ul~wmk wh=556!m+ vfahh kiu~hplilw ghm~v$

=> Knkg$

=6 Knkg$

=7 Vwmwlv fhwk|l wh ampl gkvf~lwkh hpl~ ah wal{ gkvw~kn|wl Vlfwkh=556!m+ ghm~v h~ vfahh kiu~hplilw$

=< Vfahh Kiu~hplilw O~mwv" dhwkfl h U~huhvlg ^l}|k~lilwv"

@lgl~mb lokvwl~?7" h$ =07 !M|o|vw >0" >55;+3 76=5?$

=0 Vwmwlv kglwk{ walk~ hlvw)mfaklpko miho walk~ Wkwl K)lkoknlh~ )~lflkpko vfahhv nmvlg h walk~ hpl~m mfmglikf mfaklplilwlpl" alwal~ wal vfahh kv mkko wh imjl u~ho~lvv h vwmwl mvvlvv)ilwv" mgmiho akoa vfahhvalwal~ o~mg|mwkh ~mwlv ahpl~nlh 05 ul~flw$

=? Wkwl K vfahhv wamw mk wh imjl m|m {lm~{ u~ho~lvv" h~ M[U" h~vlpl~m fhvlf|wkpl {lm~v mfl vmfwkhv |gl~ Vlfwkh ===0 h walDh Fakbg Bl`w Nlakdg Mfw$ Vfahhv wamw gh hw imjl mgl}|mwl {lm~{u~ho~lvv h~ wh fhvlf|wkpl {lm~v" h~ lqmiul" m~l kglwklg h~vfahh kiu~hplilw mg i|vw u~hpkgl vw|glwv wal huwkh wh w~mv)l~ wh mhwal~ u|nkf vfahh$ K m vfahh mkv wh kiu~hpl mwl~ h|~{lm~v" wal vfahh kv fhvkgl~lg wh nl k fh~~lfwkpl mfwkh mg i|vwkiulilw mw lmvw hl h vlpl~m mfwkhvv|fa mv wal ~lumflilw

h vhil vfahh vwm` h~ kiulilwmwkh h m l f|~~kf||iwhkiu~hpl vfahh ul~h~imfl$ Vfahhv wamw mk wh kiu~hpl mwl~ pl{lm~v lwl~ ~lvw~|fw|~ko mg m~l lqulfwlg wh oh g~mimwkf ohpl~)mfl ~lh~iv" v|fa mv m fam~wl~ vfahh fhpl~vkhv h~ vwmwl wmjl)hpl~$ @h~ m glvf~kuwkh h Wkl~ K vfahhv" vll3 Vfahh Kiu~hplilwO~mwv" @km ^|l" @lgl~mb lokvwl~?< !>51+ !>5=5+3 006055;+3 76=56$

=; Vfahh Kiu~hplilw O~mwv" @km ^|l" @lgl~mb lokvwl~?< !>51+!>5=5+3 00605 Knkg$

>= Vfahh Kiu~hplilw O~mwv" dhwkfl h U~huhvlg ^l}|k~lilwv"@lgl~mb lokvwl~?7 !=07+ !>55;+3 76=57$

>> Vfahh Kiu~hplilw O~mwv" @km ^|l" @lgl~mb lokvwl~?< !>51+

!>5=5+3 00606 Knkg$

>7 Vfahh Kiu~hplilw O~mwv" @km ^|l" @lgl~mb lokvwl~?7 !>60+!>55;+3 0< Knkg$

>0 Wal lgl~m ~lo|mwkhv gh hw ~l}|k~l Wkl~ KKK vfahhv wh kiulilwhl h wal h|~ kwl~plwkh i hglv$ Gkvw~kfwv ampl gkvf~lwkh hpl~wal vfahh kiu~hplilw vw~mwloklv wamw m~l kiulilwlg k walk~

Wkl~ KKK vfahhv$

>? Vfahh Kiu~hplilw O~mwv" @km ^|l" @lgl~mb lokvwl~?< !>51+!>5=5+3 00601$

>1 Vwlpl A|~n|~w mg hwal~v" Nmvlkl Mm{vlv h VKO Muukfmwkhv$

>; blwwl~ ~hi Fa~kvwhual~ M$ Jhfa" vwmwl v|ul~kwlglw h lg|fmwkh"Kkhkv Vwmwl Nhm~g h Lg|fmwkh" wh hfm lg|fmwkh molfklv ~lom~g)ko wal ~l}|lvw h~ u~huhvmv" Im{ >5=5$

65 ^m{l Im~wk" wlluahl kwl~pkl kwa m|wah~" C|{ >;" >5==: ^mlM Jhu" wlluahl kwl~pkl kwa m|wah~" M|o|vw 7" >5==$

6= Kkhkv Vwmwl Nhm~g h Lg|fmwkh" Vfahh Kiu~hplilw O~mwvMuukfmwkh3 @kvfm [lm~ >5=5" v|nikwwlg wh wal \$V$ Glum~wilw hLg|fmwkh h Glflinl~ 6" >5=5$

6> Ihk}|l Fakvi" wlluahl kwl~pkl kwa m|wah~" M|o|vw 1" >5==$

66 Knkg$

67 Kkhkv Vwmwl Nhm~g h Lg|fmwkh" Vfahh Kiu~hplilw O~mwv Mu)ukfmwkh3 @kvfm [lm~ >5=5$

6< Knkg$

60 Fakvi" wlluahl kwl~pkl$

6? Kkhkv Vwmwl Nhm~g h Lg|fmwkh" Vfahh Kiu~hplilw O~mwv Mu)ukfmwkh3 @kvfm [lm~ >5=5$

61 Im~wk" wlluahl kwl~pkl$

6; Knkg$
http://www.ed.gov/news/speeches/secretary-arne-duncan-testifies-fiscal-year-2010-budget-request-house-and-senate-approhttp://www.ed.gov/news/speeches/secretary-arne-duncan-testifies-fiscal-year-2010-budget-request-house-and-senate-approhttp://www.ed.gov/news/speeches/secretary-arne-duncan-testifies-fiscal-year-2010-budget-request-house-and-senate-approhttp://www.ed.gov/news/speeches/secretary-arne-duncan-testifies-fiscal-year-2010-budget-request-house-and-senate-approhttp://www.ed.gov/news/speeches/secretary-arne-duncan-testifies-fiscal-year-2010-budget-request-house-and-senate-approhttp://www.ed.gov/news/speeches/secretary-arne-duncan-testifies-fiscal-year-2010-budget-request-house-and-senate-appro


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6; Flwl~ h~ Mil~kfm U~ho~lvv r Fhiulwko h~ Vfahh kiu~hplilw Ghm~v3 Vwmwl O~mw)Imjko Vw~mwloklv

75 Im~wk" wlluahl kwl~pkl: bh|kvkmm Glum~wilw h Lg|fmwkh"Vfahh Ki u~hplilw O~mwv Muukfmwkh3 @kvfm [lm~ >5=5" v|nikw)wlg wh wal \$V$ Glum~wilw h Lg|fmwkh h Glflinl~ 6" >5=5$

7= Knkg$

7> bh|kvkmm Glum~wilw h Lg|fmwkh" Vfahh Kiu~hplilw O~mwvMuukfmwkh3 @kvfm [lm~ >5=5$

76 Knkg$

77 Knkg$

7< Im~wk" wlluahl kwl~pkl: bh|kvkmm Glum~wilw h Lg|fmwkh"Vfahh Kiu~hplilw O~mwv Muukfmwkh3 @kvfm [lm~ >5=5$

70 Im~wk" wlluahl kwl~pkl$

7? Knkg$

71 bh|kvkmm Akoa)Ul~h~imfl Vfahhv Kkwkmwkpl" @|gko blplFmf|mwkhv3 =556!o+ Vfahh Ki u~hplilw O~mwv !VKO+ !bh|kvkmmGlum~wilw h Lg|fmwkh" >5=5+" mpmkmnl mw $ghl$h|kvkmm$ohp(whukfv(auvk$awi$

7; Knkg$

5=5$


43/43

Wal Fldwl~ h~ Mil~kfmd U~ho~lvv kv m dhdum~wkvmd ~lvlm~fa mdg lg|fmwkhdmb kdvwkw|wl

glgkfmwlg wh u~hihwkdo m vw~hdo" c|vw" mdg ~ll Mil~kfm wamw ldv|~lv huuh~w|dkw{

h~ mbb$ _l nlbklpl wamw Mil~kfmdv m~l nh|dg wholwal~ n{ m fhiihd fhiikwildw wh

walvl pmb|lv mdg l mvuk~l wh ldv|~l wamw h|~ dmwkhdmb uhbkfklv ~lblfw walvl pmb|lv$

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kdwl~dmwkhdmb u~hnbliv mdg glplbhu uhbkf{ u~huhvmbv wamw hvwl~ m ohpl~dildw wamw

kv h wal ulhubl" n{ wal ulhubl" mdg h~ wal ulhubl$

competing for school improvement dollars

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