Dr. Hari PrakashJoint Director Quality Council Of IndiaNational Accreditation Board for Certification Bodies

Good Agricultural Practices and

Role of Management Systems

It covers• Status of food and its wastage in India•GAP history in India•What is the need of Good Agri. Practices• Good Transportation, processing and packaging practices•Wholesaler and retailer handling •Food Safety Management•Certification Process steps•Quality Control•Who require certification•Benefits of certification in Marketing

Ground Reality: India, Fruits & Vegetables Horticulture crops – Fruits vegetables and flowers cover

7% of cropped area of the country The Second Largest Grower of Fruits – 15% of World

output Low share of global Exports at 0.5%The Second largest grower of Vegetables – 11% of World

outputLow share of global exports at 1.7% Cold storage facility is available for only 10% produce

which is mainly occupied by potato.Farmer sells immediately due to perishiability & absence

of proper infrastructure to keep it for longer period Post Harvest wastage of fruits & vegetables – 30 to 40 %

valued at over Rs 45,000 - 50,000 crore Losses as above in India is more than consumption of

same in UK

Food Wastage in India A fresh estimate from the Ministry of

Food Processing says a whopping Rs 58,000 crore (Rs 580 billion) worth of agriculture food items get wasted in the country every year.

The food wastage is mainly due to lack of post- harvest infrastructure such as cold chain facilities, transportation and proper storage facilities, etc

(Source: Report by Rabo India)

ROTTING OF FOOD GRAINS

Food Losses in Developing Countries

FAO said that “in developing countries 40% of

losses occur at post-harvest and processing levels while in industrialised countries more than 40% of losses happen at retail and consumer levels.”

Fruit and Vegetable Wastage in India

Against a production of 180 million mt a year of fruits, vegetables and perishables, India has a capacity of storing only 23.6 million mt in 5,386 cold storages across the country, of which, 80 per cent is used only for potatoes, according to the latest DIPP paper on Foreign Direct

Investment (FDI) in retail. According to industry estimates, 25 to 30 per cent of fruits and vegetables and 5-7 per cent of food grains in India get wasted.

Fruit and Vegetable Waste generation at Azadpur Mandi

•India is plagued by malnutrition and soaring inflation, but it’s not for lack of food.

•India is the second largest grower of fresh produce, but loses an estimated 40 percent of its fruit and vegetables rot because of a lack of refrigerated trucking, poor roads, inclement weather and corruption.

•At Azadpur Sabzimandi not all the produce that arrives at the market from distant places can be sold because of spoilage and damage age in transit. Approximately over 125 mt of organic waste is produced on a daily basis .

India is World's Hunger Capital•India in now considered as the third largest global economy

but it is still dogged by deep rooted poverty and hunger. •India has the highest number of undernourished people in the

world — 230 million — added to which 1.5 million children are at risk of becoming malnourished because of rising global food prices

•India ranked 65th on Global Hunger Index of 79 countries, as per a report released by Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

•More than 27 per cent of the world’s undernourished population lives in India.

•About 43 per cent children (under 5-years) are underweight as against global average of 25 per cent and 28 per cent in sub-Saharan Africa.

•Nearly 50 per cent of child deaths in India occur due to malnutrition

Sources of Contamination

Food

Air Soil

Irrigation

Animals,

insects, rodents

Processing

equipments

Ingredients

Packaging

Material

Handlers,

Transport

Source of losses in the chain

•In the field•Harvesting and packing•Storage•Packaging, marking dyes•Transport and distribution•Wholesaler•Retailer•Consumer

12

What is GAP?

•Quality Management System in Agricultural Production

QMS+ EMS+ Food Safety

13

Why it is so important?

Growers

Processors

Retailer

Consumer

GMP

GAP

GHP

Increasing agricultural productivity & reducing loss Lowering production costs (p/unit) Increasing food safety and quality by:

Eradicating worst practices Supporting long term thinking / strategies

Optimizing use of natural resources land, water, human capital

Enhancing information sharing and consensus on “good farming practices” Identifying constraints, institutional support needs and interventions to promote GAPs

Objectives of GAPObjectives of GAP

Issues Poor Cultivation Practices: indiscriminate use

of chemicals and fertilisers, harvesting intervals

use of poor quality water, compost, night soil, Poor Handling : Thrashing, cleaning, packing,

storage, and transportation Market Yards: Space Shortage, poor

handling , poor house keeping, poor hygiene Processing : Space shortage, manual handling,

poor hygiene, poor packaging material, marking dyes

Contamination Biological : Microbial, bacterial, viral Chemical: Residues, heavy metals, Physical : Metals, Glass, bird droppings,

rodents/ animals feces

Quality Demands from Global Markets

Purity Requirements: Centre-stageSourcing Practices: Transparent, Healthy &

SustainableConsistency in Nutritional Profile

Quantification of Protein/ Minerals/Active in gradients

Chromatographic Fingerprinting Residual Pesticides Trace metals

Obvious Need GAP A Quality Management System integrating:

Quality (of end-produce)Sustainability (of resource)Food Safety Nutritional ValueEconomic Benefits /social benefits(to the

Producers/ Collectors) Specific For Agriculture Sector

Prevailing GAP/QMS/ FSMS/ HACCP Certification Processes have limitations for Agriculture

“Holistic Quality Management” (HQM) as Against “Total Quality Management” (TQM), Global GAP, India GAP,

Criteria for Good Agricultural Practices

• Site Selection & meteorological data• Soil Conditions• Seeds & Propagation Materials• Crop Management• Harvest & Post Harvest Management• Identification & Traceability• Personnel and Equipment• Worker’s Health, Safety & Welfare• Record keeping• Self- Assessment/ Internal Audits

GAP• Use good Seed ( no infections, weed free)• Good soil and water (no marshland, old garbage

dumps, no urban sludge, no contaminated/ effluent water),

• Away from polluting industry, highway,• Use recommended pest control , additives and

in time• Good cleanliness/ hygiene of farm, processing

area, storage, transport, equipments, • Healthy and hygienic handlers• Safe packaging material ( no contaminated/

chemical packing material)• Safe transport, handling, storage, • Safe marketing and handing over

Soil, water, pest control Crop should not be grown in soil contaminated

with sludge, heavy metals, residues, plant protection products or other chemicals etc.

It is permissible to use farm yard manure and farm organic residue which has been thoroughly decomposed to meet harm-free sanitary standards. It is prohibited to use urban household garbage, industrial and hospital wastes or night soil as manures & fertilizer.

Use safe water & maintain good drainage. Use Safe and optimum Pesticides such a way

that no residual toxicity in the raw material will be present at detectable level.

Water & Compost

Site management

Requirements of a Good Package:Should be environment friendly.• Should have sufficient strength incompression and against impactand vibrations• Should be stable during the entiredistribution chain.• Should be compatible with theautomatic packing/filling, handlingmachines (mechanical fillingsystems)• Should facilitate special treatmentslike pre-cooling.• Should have consumer appeal.• Should be easily printable.• Should be cost effective.

Packaging contribution to Loses

Storage of Packaging Material

Packaging and Storage Area

Packaging and Storage

TransportationShould use clean

and dedicated vehicle for F&V

These should be cleaned regularly

Make compartments if required for different produce/commodities

Handling of Fresh Produce

VC will benefit the Farmers, contract producers, collector, group of producers/collectors, societies, traders, mandi boards, transporters, processors, Food operators, pharmaceutical industry and foods consumers due to the assured quality of the raw material, plants, fruits, herbs. To follow the principle of "maximizing sustainable output", so as to ensure safe and sustainable availability of the Agriculture produce.

Who can opt for Voluntary Who can opt for Voluntary CertificationCertification

ADDITIONAL BENEFITS

Better quality , low risk, safe foodsReduced risk of recall/rejection.Timely ProductionIncreased buyer confidence in Indian agri.

Produce Sustainable productionEnvironment protection, optimum resource

utilization Assured Legal compliance

Accreditation Body(QCI)

Standard Owner ( FSSAI, NMPB)

“The customer”

“The organization”

Certification Body

Voluntary Certification

WHY VOLUNTARY STANDARDS?

Largely retailer driven – need to protect themselves against liability – vendor approval

Competition in the market – need to differentiate oneself – Me Too factor

Demanding consumers – enhance confidenceRegulators taking cognizance –

demonstration of legal complianceConcerns in developing countries – SPS

committee - represent barriers to trade – market driven – no role for govts

Indian food/ feed industry to prepare for both

ABOUT QCI

Established in 1997 by a Cabinet decision – in partnership with CII, FICCI, ASSOCHAM

Autonomous body – regd as society - Chairman appointed by PM (Ratan Tata, Venu Srinivasan, Dr. R.A.Mashelkar)

Provide accreditation structure in the countrySpread quality movement in India – assigned

National Quality Campaign funded by GovtProvide right and unbiased information on

quality & related standardsRepresent India’s interest in international foraHelp establish brand equity of Indian products

and services

CHOOSING CBCautionABs not members of IAF in the marketABs not internationally equivalent – Dubai,

Pakistan etcAvoid CBs accredited by such ABsInsist on AB’s logo on your certificate – makes

sure not only accredited but for your sector also

Go for NABCB accreditation – govt bodies making it a condition

A Reminder United Nation has kept the theme of the

Year

World Environment Day 2013

“Think.Eat.Save”

Thank You

Quality Council of India National Accreditation Board for Certification Bodies

2nd Floor, Institution of Engineers Building, 2, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi –

110002,INDIA

Tel : +91-11-23379321/9260/0567/8057Fax: +91-11-23379621

Email :hari@qcin.org Website : www.qcin.org