Status of E-Government
E-Government: the use of digital technologies to transform government operations in order to improve effectiveness, efficiency, and service delivery.
Objectives of E- Government
Strategic ObjectiveSupport and simplify governance for both citizens and government and also for businesses.
Internal Objective: facilitate a speedy, transparent, accountable, efficient and effective process for performing government administration activities. Significant cost savings (per transaction) in government operations could be the result.
External Objective:Fulfill the public ᾼs needs and expectations satisfactory on the front-office side, by simplifying the interaction with various online services.
Effects of E- Government on Public AdministrationAdvantages•To increase internal efficiency in public administration.•To create new services.•Easy access to information.•To participate global information networks.•Information sharing among Institution.•Online access to public services.•Individual efficiency.•High Performance in teamwork.•Transparent state.
Disadvantages•Difficult access for disabilities.•Overloaded information.•Ambiguity in the cases of confidentiality. copyrights and protection of public information.•Gaps result from unequal avaibility opportunities.
Determinants for the Success of E-Government
Political stability Adequate legal framework, Level of trust in government (perception of service levels), The importance of government identity (fragmentation orintegration
Economic structure(education, agriculture, industry or service)Government structure(centralized or decentralized) Different levels of maturity (weakest part of the chaindetermines speedily constituent demand(push or pull).
Development of E- Government in Turkey
1. (1990s ᾶ 2000):The term that focused to improvement of strategies by the contributions of scholars, civil society, public and private sector.
2. (2000- 2002):The term that arranging plans to realize those strategies.
3. (2002-...):The term that focused on the modernization on public administration by implementing e-government as a tool.
• 1990s with the creation of knowledge based Economy that take their roots from higher value added production has gave rise to some initiatives in terms of e- government like Internet tax project of the Ministry of Finance and the central population management system.
• In the second term which can be characterized with economic and political instability even if the government has supported e- government projects, there was not any important implementation example.
• Aims of E- Government Portal• To give more transparent, more efficient, and cheaper
public services, Maintains new relations between government and citizen, government and business and government and other governments.
• Giving 7/24 service to the citizens
• Benefits of E- Government Portal
• Citizens can regulate their relations with instiutions in a faster, more reliable manner and without vesting time.
• State can both modernize its operation styleand gains financial profit by using time and
resources efficiently.
Focus on E-government:Web of Interdependencies
Intra-agencyIntra-agency
Inter- and Intra-Inter- and Intra-governmentalgovernmental ConnectionsConnections
Agency to Agency to businessbusiness
Agency to the Agency to the publicpublic
Chronic Problems in E-Government
• Putting the Status Quo Online: Agencies automate political and institutional problems
• Redundant Buying: Multiple agencies buy the same item
• Program Management: Few IT projects delivered on time, on budget
• Poor Modernization Strategies: Few agencies have business-driven enterprise architectures connecting IT investments to performance improvement
• Islands of Automation:
– Citizens deal with multiple agencies (22,000 websites) for service
– Agencies cannot easily collaborate for key missions
Technology EnactmentObjective
IT
Organizational Forms
Bureaucracy·Hierarchy·Jurisdiction·Standardization·Rules, files·Stability
Networks·Trust vs. Exchange·Social Capital·Interoperability·Pooled resources·Access to Knowledge
Institutional Arrangements·Cognitive·Cultural·Sociostructural·Legal & formal
Actors Group A:VendorsConsultants
Enacted Technology·Perception·Design·Implementation
Outcomes·Indeterminate·Multiple logics·Unanticipated
Actors Group B:·CIO·Decisionmakers of
IT system
Actors Group C:·Policymakers·Managers, Administrators·Operators, Workers
Propositions Concerning the Civil Service
• Vertical institutional structures
• Misuse of capital/labor substitution
• Outsourcing v. integration/reform
• Customer service strategies
• Embeddedness and culture
Government to Citizen
Government to Government Internal Effectiveness and Efficiency
1. USA Service 2. EZ Tax Filing 3. Online Access for Loans 4. Recreation One Stop5. Eligibility Assistance Online (GovBenefits)
1. E-Vital (business case) 2. E-Grants3. Disaster Assistance and Crisis Response4. Geospatial Information One Stop 5. Wireless Networks (SAFECOM)
1. E-Training 2. Recruitment One Stop3. Enterprise HR Integration 4. E-Travel 5. Integrated Acquisition6. E-Records Management7. Payroll Processing
U.S. E-Government Initiatives
Managing Partner
OPMOPMOPMGSAGSANARAOPM
Managing Partner
SSAHHSFEMA
DOI
FEMA
Managing Partner
GSATREASDoEdDOILabor
Government to Business
1. Federal Asset Sales2. Online Rulemaking Management 3. Simplified and Unified Tax and Wage Reporting4. Consolidated Health Informatics (business case)5. Business Compliance One Stop6. International Trade Process Streamlining
Managing
Partner GSADOT
Treas
HHS
SBA
DOC
E-Authentication
Institutional Development at OMB
• Federal CIO, Administrator for E-govt and IT (Associate Director of OMB)
• Associate Administrator for E-Govt and IT (oversight of 25 cross-agency projects)
• Portfolio Management Office
• Five Portfolio Managers
• Managing Agencies
E-Government Projects
Projects / Departments DoC
DoD
DoE
DoE
d
DoI
DoJ
DoL
DoT
EP
FD
IC
FE
MA
GS
A
HH
SH
UD
NA
RA
NA
SA
NR
C
NS
F
OP
SB
A
Sm
ithsonia
n
SS
A
Sta
tte
Tre
asury
US
AID
US
DA
VA
Consolidated H'lth Informatics X X X XDisaster Management X X X X X X X X X X X X XE-Authentication X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Grants.gov X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
E-Payroll X X X X XE-Training X X X X X XE-Travel X X X X X XE-Vital X X X X X X X X X XE-Records Management X X X X X X X XGovBenefits.gov X X X X X X X X X XExpanding Electr. Tax Products X XIRS Free File XFederal Asset Sales X X X X X X X XGeospatial One-Stop X X X X X X X X X X X X XIntegrated Acquisition Env. X X X X X X X X XEnterprise HR Integration X X X X XE-Clearance X X X X X X X XInt'l Trade Proc. Streamlining X X X X X X XBusiness Gateway X X X X X XE-Loans X X X X X X XE-Rulemaking X X X X X X XRecreation One-Stop X X X X X X X X XRecruitment One-Stop X X X X X X X X X XUSA Services X X X X X X X XSAFECOM X X X X X X X X X
From E-Government to the Virtual State
The virtual state is inter-sectoral, interagency, and intergovernmental. But it achieves this fluidity and cross-boundary character through standardization, rationalization, and the management of interdependence.
Recommendations
• Link e-government to reform initiatives
• Consider necessary institutional changes
• Consider all levels of government and their interconnections
• Where will knowledgeable IT experts come from?
Definition
The use of information technology to free movement of information to overcome the physical bounds of traditional paper and physical based systems
Or
The use of technology to enhance the access to and delivery of government services to benefit citizens, business partners and employees.