Status of E-Government

E-Government: the use of digital technologies to transform government operations in order to improve effectiveness, efficiency, and service delivery.

Objectives of E- Government

Strategic ObjectiveSupport and simplify governance for both citizens and government and also for businesses.

Internal Objective: facilitate a speedy, transparent, accountable, efficient and effective process for performing government administration activities. Significant cost savings (per transaction) in government operations could be the result.

External Objective:Fulfill the public ᾼs needs and expectations satisfactory on the front-office side, by simplifying the interaction with various online services.

Effects of E- Government on Public AdministrationAdvantages•To increase internal efficiency in public administration.•To create new services.•Easy access to information.•To participate global information networks.•Information sharing among Institution.•Online access to public services.•Individual efficiency.•High Performance in teamwork.•Transparent state.

Disadvantages•Difficult access for disabilities.•Overloaded information.•Ambiguity in the cases of confidentiality. copyrights and protection of public information.•Gaps result from unequal avaibility opportunities.

Determinants for the Success of E-Government

Political stability Adequate legal framework, Level of trust in government (perception of service levels), The importance of government identity (fragmentation orintegration

Economic structure(education, agriculture, industry or service)Government structure(centralized or decentralized) Different levels of maturity (weakest part of the chaindetermines speedily constituent demand(push or pull).

Development of E- Government in Turkey

1. (1990s ᾶ 2000):The term that focused to improvement of strategies by the contributions of scholars, civil society, public and private sector.

2. (2000- 2002):The term that arranging plans to realize those strategies.

3. (2002-...):The term that focused on the modernization on public administration by implementing e-government as a tool.

• 1990s with the creation of knowledge based Economy that take their roots from higher value added production has gave rise to some initiatives in terms of e- government like Internet tax project of the Ministry of Finance and the central population management system.

• In the second term which can be characterized with economic and political instability even if the government has supported e- government projects, there was not any important implementation example.

• Aims of E- Government Portal• To give more transparent, more efficient, and cheaper

public services, Maintains new relations between government and citizen, government and business and government and other governments.

• Giving 7/24 service to the citizens

• Benefits of E- Government Portal

• Citizens can regulate their relations with instiutions in a faster, more reliable manner and without vesting time.

• State can both modernize its operation styleand gains financial profit by using time and

resources efficiently.

Focus on E-government:Web of Interdependencies

Intra-agencyIntra-agency

Inter- and Intra-Inter- and Intra-governmentalgovernmental ConnectionsConnections

Agency to Agency to businessbusiness

Agency to the Agency to the publicpublic

Chronic Problems in E-Government

• Putting the Status Quo Online: Agencies automate political and institutional problems

• Redundant Buying: Multiple agencies buy the same item

• Program Management: Few IT projects delivered on time, on budget

• Poor Modernization Strategies: Few agencies have business-driven enterprise architectures connecting IT investments to performance improvement

• Islands of Automation:

– Citizens deal with multiple agencies (22,000 websites) for service

– Agencies cannot easily collaborate for key missions

Technology EnactmentObjective

IT

Organizational Forms

Bureaucracy·Hierarchy·Jurisdiction·Standardization·Rules, files·Stability

Networks·Trust vs. Exchange·Social Capital·Interoperability·Pooled resources·Access to Knowledge

Institutional Arrangements·Cognitive·Cultural·Sociostructural·Legal & formal

Actors Group A:VendorsConsultants

Enacted Technology·Perception·Design·Implementation

Outcomes·Indeterminate·Multiple logics·Unanticipated

Actors Group B:·CIO·Decisionmakers of

IT system

Actors Group C:·Policymakers·Managers, Administrators·Operators, Workers

Propositions Concerning the Civil Service

• Vertical institutional structures

• Misuse of capital/labor substitution

• Outsourcing v. integration/reform

• Customer service strategies

• Embeddedness and culture

Government to Citizen

Government to Government Internal Effectiveness and Efficiency

1. USA Service 2. EZ Tax Filing 3. Online Access for Loans 4. Recreation One Stop5. Eligibility Assistance Online (GovBenefits)

1. E-Vital (business case) 2. E-Grants3. Disaster Assistance and Crisis Response4. Geospatial Information One Stop 5. Wireless Networks (SAFECOM)

1. E-Training 2. Recruitment One Stop3. Enterprise HR Integration 4. E-Travel 5. Integrated Acquisition6. E-Records Management7. Payroll Processing

U.S. E-Government Initiatives

Managing Partner

OPMOPMOPMGSAGSANARAOPM

Managing Partner

SSAHHSFEMA

DOI

FEMA

Managing Partner

GSATREASDoEdDOILabor

Government to Business

1. Federal Asset Sales2. Online Rulemaking Management 3. Simplified and Unified Tax and Wage Reporting4. Consolidated Health Informatics (business case)5. Business Compliance One Stop6. International Trade Process Streamlining

Managing

Partner GSADOT

Treas

HHS

SBA

DOC

E-Authentication

Institutional Development at OMB

• Federal CIO, Administrator for E-govt and IT (Associate Director of OMB)

• Associate Administrator for E-Govt and IT (oversight of 25 cross-agency projects)

• Portfolio Management Office

• Five Portfolio Managers

• Managing Agencies

E-Government Projects

Projects / Departments DoC

DoD

DoE

DoE

d

DoI

DoJ

DoL

DoT

EP

FD

IC

FE

MA

GS

A

HH

SH

UD

NA

RA

NA

SA

NR

C

NS

F

OP

SB

A

Sm

ithsonia

n

SS

A

Sta

tte

Tre

asury

US

AID

US

DA

VA

Consolidated H'lth Informatics X X X XDisaster Management X X X X X X X X X X X X XE-Authentication X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Grants.gov X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

E-Payroll X X X X XE-Training X X X X X XE-Travel X X X X X XE-Vital X X X X X X X X X XE-Records Management X X X X X X X XGovBenefits.gov X X X X X X X X X XExpanding Electr. Tax Products X XIRS Free File XFederal Asset Sales X X X X X X X XGeospatial One-Stop X X X X X X X X X X X X XIntegrated Acquisition Env. X X X X X X X X XEnterprise HR Integration X X X X XE-Clearance X X X X X X X XInt'l Trade Proc. Streamlining X X X X X X XBusiness Gateway X X X X X XE-Loans X X X X X X XE-Rulemaking X X X X X X XRecreation One-Stop X X X X X X X X XRecruitment One-Stop X X X X X X X X X XUSA Services X X X X X X X XSAFECOM X X X X X X X X X

From E-Government to the Virtual State

The virtual state is inter-sectoral, interagency, and intergovernmental. But it achieves this fluidity and cross-boundary character through standardization, rationalization, and the management of interdependence.

Recommendations

• Link e-government to reform initiatives

• Consider necessary institutional changes

• Consider all levels of government and their interconnections

• Where will knowledgeable IT experts come from?

Definition

The use of information technology to free movement of information to overcome the physical bounds of traditional paper and physical based systems

Or

The use of technology to enhance the access to and delivery of government services to benefit citizens, business partners and employees.