Skill
• Has a purpose – it allows you to achieve what you want to do
• shooting to score a goal
• dribble to find space or go past someone
• attacking shot badminton – to win point
• vault – to cross a bit of apparatus
Technique
• Allows you achieve your purpose in a way that suits the situation
• Skill Technique
• shooting – layup, set, jump, hook, dunk
• Dribbling –
• Attacking shot -
• Vault -
Skills can be classified in various ways
• Importance of classifying skills
• - so you can identify the best way to learn/relearn the skill
• - so you can identify the best way to practice the skill
• So you can identify key elements within the skill
Complex -----------Simple
Complex skills are physically demandingHave lots of parts (subroutines)Needs high levels of coordination Needs timingComplicated/changing/challenging
environmentNeed to make judgements
Simple skills
• Few parts (subroutines)
• Physically undemanding
• Little coordination needed
• Few judgements
• Simple movements
• Stable environment -
Open -----------------Closed
• Open skills take place in a changing environment – people are moving, you are on the move, the unexpected happens and you have to react, speed changes and you are not in control of the timing
• Closed skills take place at the same pace, in an environment that stays constant. It is a skill that remains constant.
Discrete-Continuous-Serial
• Discrete – skills that stand alone – they do not follow another skill or have a skill comes after – high jump.
• Continuous – skills that are repeated – running, cycling, front crawl
• Serial – skills that are done as part of a series, overhead clear, drop shot, underarm clear smash
In your jotters
• 1. Draw a line simple at one end complex at the other.
• 2. Draw another line with open at one end and closed at the other
• 3. Write the headings
Continuous Discrete Serial
For all the lines place the following skills at the appropriate point.
For example
Simple ________________layup____ Complex
Open _Layup_____________________ Closed
Continuous Discrete Serial
Lay up
• Lay up • High Jump• Front Crawl• Dribbling • Overhead clear• 400m• 100m Hurdles• Defensive header• Chest Past• Volley in Football• Net shot• Forward roll
Breaking down a skill
• A skill can be broken in 3 parts
• P – preparation
• A – action
• R - recovery
Preparation
• What happens when you know what skill you have to play
• - get into position/move to position
• - get weight on the correct foot/part of the body
• - grip with hands
Action
• Performance of the skill
• Hitting, kicking, pushing, throwing, pulling etc
• -contact point
• - timing
• -transfer of weight
• -direction/height/
Recovery
• How the action is completed and you get into a position where you can react to the next situation.
• - follow through – direction to skill/power to skill
For the overhead clear give 2 points for preparation, action, recovery that you
performed effectively.
Preparation 12Action12Recovery12
For the overhead clear give 2 points for preparation, action, recovery that you need
to improve on.
Preparation 12Action12Recovery12
Methods of Practice
• Shadow – To feel the movement, • get the muscles, joints and nerves ready for
action• To prepare mentally for the activity.• Advantages – can slow down movement • - can stop movement• - do not need to judge flight of shuttle• - do not need to think of outcome or
next shot•
Feedback
• Internal – kinaesthetic – feel of the movement. • Can be achieved through shadowing practices,
manipulation to place in the correct position.• External – visual – someone showing you • - verbal – someone telling you• - written – someone writing something
down• - knowledge of results
Feedback
• Information you receive about your performance.
• Best given immediately after
• Best given in small bits
• Best given in different ways
• Best given on one aspect of the skill at a time
Today’s work
1. Go over homework
2. Learning new skills
3. Stages of learning
4. Homework
5. Football assessment
Learning new skills
• Gradual build up- lay up –break the skill into parts (very like P.A.R.) add a bit on each time.
• If the action is complex then you can break it down into small bits.
• Can be used with dangerous skills• Can build up the difficulty bit by bit to make more
demanding• Builds confidence• Joining skills in routines –
trampoline/gymnastics/triple jump
Whole – part – whole
• Where the skill is less dangerous• Where the skill has not got easy to divide
parts• Some experience of the skill is necessary• Swimming – practice the part – leg action
and then put it into the whole action.• High jump practice arch of back, practice
run up and arch, practice landing, practice whole skill
In jotter
1. Write about one skill you are in the practice stage and one skill where you have reached the automatic stage.
2. Write about a practice you have used to develop your skill in the practice and the automatic stage.
Stages of Learning 3 stages of learning
1st stage
• Cognitive – at this stage you are learning and trying to understand what is needed.
• Lots of errors • Most people pass through this stage very
quickly but it depends on age, fitness levels, complexity of skill.
• Need lots of general, positive feedback, in small bits.
2nd stage
• Practice or Associative • This stage is characterised by linking together of
the subroutines, less errors will be made and movement will be refined.
• Less errors made• More specific feedback – • Less motivation needed as internal motivation
takes over• You may stay in this stage and not move into the
final stage.
3rd Stage
• Automatic – in this stage the skill has become automatic to perform and you are now thinking of the outcome of the shot.
• No or little external feedback on performance but more feedback on the outcome of skill
• Less errors• You can go back to the practice stage and
relearn skills.