developing entomological skills and techniques

74
Why Insects? Most numerous and diverse animals Live in all habitats Most important (good and bad) for humans They rock and it’s fun…

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Page 1: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Why Insects?

• Most numerous and diverse animals• Live in all habitats• Most important (good and bad) for humans

• They rock and it’s fun…

Page 2: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Kingdom ANIMALPhylum ARTHROPODA

Page 3: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Orders•Collembola•Thysanura•Ephemeroptera•Odanata•Phasmatodea•Orthoptera•Mantodea•Blattodea•Isoptera•Dermaptera•Plecoptera•Psocoptera•Phthiraptera

• Hemiptera• Thysanoptera• Neuroptera• Coleoptera• Mecoptera• Siphonaptera• Diptera• Trichoptera• Lepidoptera• Hymenoptera

Page 4: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Orders•Collembola•Thysanura•Ephemeroptera•Odanata•Phasmatodea•Orthoptera•Mantodea•Blattodea•Isoptera•Dermaptera•Plecoptera•Psocoptera•Phthiraptera

• Hemiptera• Thysanoptera• Neuroptera• Coleoptera• Mecoptera• Siphonaptera• Diptera• Trichoptera• Lepidoptera• Hymenoptera• NON-Insects

Page 5: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Types of Metamorphosis

• Ametabolous (most primitive)

• Hemimetabolous

• Paurometabolous

• Holometabolous (most advanced)

Page 6: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Ametabolous – no metamorphosis

Insect Metamorphosis

Young = nymphs

Page 7: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Ametabolous – no metamorphosis

Insect Metamorphosis

* The stages of immature insects are called instars

1 2 3 4

Page 8: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Hemimetabolous – incomplete metamorphosis

Insect Metamorphosis

123

4

Page 9: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Hemimetabolous – incomplete metamorphosis

Insect Metamorphosis

Naiad – aquatic nymph

Page 10: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Paurametabolous – gradual metamorphosis

Insect Metamorphosis

instars

1 2 3 4 5

Page 11: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Paurametabolous – gradual metamorphosis

Insect Metamorphosis

“Nymph”1

2

3

Page 12: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Holometabolous – complete metamorphosis

Insect Metamorphosis

Adults and young look completely different

instars

1 2 3

Page 13: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

- maggot, worm-like shaped body - feeding apparatus either mouth hooks or mandibles- no legs

Vermiform: e.g., flies

Insect Metamorphosis

Page 14: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

- Slightly flattened body- mandibulate feeding apparatus- 3 pairs of thoracic legs

Elaterifom: e.g., mealworms

Insect Metamorphosis

Page 15: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

- caterpillar-like shaped body - mandibulate feeding apparatus- 3 pairs of thoracic legs and 5-7 pairs of abdominal

prolegs

Eruciform: e.g., butterflies

Insect Metamorphosis

Page 16: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Fall Armyworm

Page 17: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Important Questions

• Wings or no wings?– How many?

• Kind of Mouthparts?

• Where did I find it?

• Any special adaptations?– Raptorial legs, swimming legs– Camouflage?

Page 18: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Collembola: Springtails

Coll = glueEmbola= a bolt or wedge (collophore)

Page 19: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Springtails: Order Collembola

Page 20: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Thysanura: Silverfish

Thysano= fringed ura= tail

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Order Ephemeroptera: Mayflies

ephemeros= short lived

Page 23: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Ephemeroptera: Mayflies

Page 24: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Odonata: Dragonfly and Damselfly

dragonflies keep wings outwhen at rest…

…while damselflies keepwings back over body at rest

Page 25: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Odonata = toothed jaw

Order Odonata: Dragonfly and Damselfly

Page 26: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Phasmatodea: Walking sticks and Leaf Insects

Phasm = phantom

Page 27: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Orthoptera:Grasshoppers, Crickets, Locusts & Katydids

Ortho= straight

Ptera= winged

Page 28: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques
Page 29: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Mantodea

Praying mantids,soothsayers

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Page 31: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Blattodea: Roaches

Blatta - Greek word for roach

Page 32: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques
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Order Isoptera: Termites

Iso = even ptera = wing

Page 34: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Dermaptera: Earwigs

Derm = leather

Ptera = wing

Page 35: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Plecoptera: Stoneflies

Pleco = folded or pleated

Ptera = wing

Page 36: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques
Page 37: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Psoco= gnawingPtera= wing

Bad Name! Think of them as winged insects that gnaw.

Order Psocoptera: Bark & Book lice

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pthir = lice aptera = no wings

• Two Suborders– Mallophaga: The chewing lice– Anoplura: The sucking lice

Order Pthiraptera: Lice

Page 40: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Suborder Mallophaga

Page 41: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Mallophaga

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Anoplura: Sucking Lice

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Order Hemiptera: True Bugs, Scales, Aphids, Hoppers

Etymology: hemi = half

ptera = winged

Hemiptera: Order Name

Suborder Heteroptera = true bugsSuborder Auchenorrhyncha = hoppers and cicadas Suborder Sternorrhyncha = aphids and allies

Refers to the true bugs

Page 44: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Suborder Heteroptera

• Hemelytra - sclerotized basal portion of wings

Page 45: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques
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Aphids

Page 47: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

leafhopper treehopper

planthopper

Page 48: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Thysanoptera: Thrips

Thysan= fringed

Ptera= winged

Page 49: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Thysanoptera

Page 50: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Neuroptera

• Neuro = nerve• Ptera = wing

• Tons of different insects lumped into this group…

Page 51: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Lacewings

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Dobsonflies

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Antlions

Page 54: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Owlflies

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Mantisfly

Page 56: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Coleoptera: Beetles

Page 57: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Coleoptera

• koleos- sheath (from Aristotle)• fore wings called elytra• Serve to protect the membranous hind wings

(used in flight)

Page 58: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Beetle diversity

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Order Mecoptera: Scorpionflies

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Order Siphonaptera: The Fleas

Siphon: a tube

Aptera: wingless

Page 61: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Diptera: True Flies

Di= twoPtera= wings

True flies have only one pair of wings

The hind pair = flight stabilizers called halteres.

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Order Trichoptera: Caddisflies

Tricho= hairPtera= wings

Page 64: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Caddisfly larvae

Page 65: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Order Lepidoptera: Butterflies & Moths

Page 66: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Lepid = scales

Ptera = wings

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Order Hymenoptera: Bees, Wasps and Ants

Page 69: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Hymenoptera (Bees, wasps, ants)

hymen = membranePtera = wings• Greek Goddess of Marriage: Hymeno• Goddess of marriage

– Named for the joining of the wings

Page 70: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Hamuli =

Small row of hookson hind wing

Page 71: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Tricksters: Assassin Bugs and Ambush Bugs

Count the Beak Segments!

3

4

Does the beak fit into a groove???

Page 72: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Tricksters: Flesh Flies and House Flies

Flesh Fly House Fly

Page 73: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Horn fly

Stable fly

Page 74: Developing Entomological Skills and Techniques

Class ArachnidaOrder Solifugae

Camel Spiders!!!!!