TECHNIQUES FOR

TEACHING WRITING SKILLS Pictures

Readings All language skills Teaching Practical

Writing Controlled

Writing

Prepared by:Najihah Farhanah bt Hamzah

Siti Atiqah bt Md Zulkifli Nurul Jannah bt Zubaidi

Why Pictures Can Be as Valuable Resources?

•A shared experience in the classroom

•A need for common language forms to use in the classroom

•A variety of tasks •A focus of interest for students

General Strategies for Using Any Pictures

Whole-class discussion

Provide a student audience for student writers

Different pictures – frees you from the necessity of obtaining the class a sets of them

Real communicative tasks with students provide the pictures themselves.

Don’t limit classroom work with what pupils can see in the pictures only

TECHNIQUES IN

USING PICTURES

One Picture – A

Sequence of Tasks

One Picture – Many

Different Techniques

Picture Sets

Diagrams, Tables,

Graphs & Charts

Maps

One Picture – Many Different Techniques

Description

Description, Comparison & Contrast

Paragraph Assembly

Controlled Composition/ Guided

Composition

Sentence Combining

Paragraph Completion

Role-play

Questions & Answers

Beyond the Picture

One Picture – A Sequence of Tasks

Task 1: In groups, students discuss the answer to the question: “What is happening in the picture?”. They write down words & phrases that they use. The groups compare their results.

Task 2: In groups, students discuss the answers to such questions: –How old are the two people getting married? –Do their parents want them to get married? –What jobs do the two people have? –Will the couple have children? When? How many? –Have you ever been to a wedding? Was it like this one? The groups report the whole class the results of the discussion. Teacher writes necessary vocabulary words & idioms on the board.

Picture Sets

Diagrams, tables,

graphs & charts

Give each student in a pair a table. Students can make comparisons based on the tables given.

Give students a model of a family tree. Ask students to draw as much as they can of their family tree.

Maps

In pairs, given a map. One students write questions based on the map. The other students write the answers. Both partners role-play the dialogue they have created.

TECHNIQUES IN USING

PRACTICAL WRITING

FORMS

Useful to be able to fill out a form in another language. • Opportunity to transfer information from one format to another. • Varying the form – allows for practice in forming re-forming concepts in the new language.

Examples:1) Forms & Interviews –In pairs, they interview each other & then transfer the information they receive onto a form.

2) Forms & readings –Based on a reading passage, students extract the necessary information to fill out a form. 3) Survey forms –In small groups, students discuss & draw up a questionnaire that aims at discovering attitudes other students might have towards controversial issues.

LETTERS

Letters are one of the most widespread forms of written communication.

•A chance to deal with a variety of forms & functions that are an essential part of language mastery.

•Purposes of writing letters: -To invite - To explain - To apologize -To commiserate - To congratulate -To complain - To inquire -To order - To apply -To acknowledge –To thank

LISTS

People write lists to help them remember what to do.

Examples of lists: –Shopping lists –Lists of invited people –Lists of things to do tomorrow

LISTS: EXAMPLES Students brainstorm & write down what

they would take for hiking in the mountains.

DAILY NOTESMany people keep daily notebooks

@ journals. Students write record of the events of the day @ ideas about those events. Increase their fluency.

Ask students to keep special notebook & write in English. Check periodically to see that the students are doing it. Ask students to choose one of their personal writing to develop into a composition.

Ask students to write a summary of what happened in the class in their notebooks.

In 10 minutes, let students write on any topic. Encourage them to read aloud. Begins with an emphasis on writing for communication of ideas.

DAILY NOTES: EXAMPLES

We write instructions to: –Tell friends how to find our house –How to water our plants –Feed our goldfish –A recipe for a friend –How to avoid being homesick

INSTRUCTIONS

1) Interview each other to find out what the other person knows how to do. The other person writes the steps/procedures then write the instructions in full sentences.

2) Students write instructions for each other as how to get form the school to their home.

INSTRUCTIONS EXAMPLES