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Muscular System Review of new terms and some extra terms
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Ton/o◦ Tonicity or tone
Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o◦ tendon
Kinesi/o◦ movement
Fasci/o◦ fascia
-cele◦ Hernia
Review
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When the suffix begins with a consonant use the combining vowel - /o
When the suffix begins with a vowels don’t use the combining vowel - /o
Fasci/o and –itis◦ fasciitis
What’s the rule for combining forms of words?
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A-◦ No, or none
Bi-◦ 2
Tri-◦ 3
Quadr/i or Quadr/o◦ 4
Poly-◦ many
Prefixes that number
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Bad Difficult Painful
Dystonia◦ Condition of abnormal or bad muscle tone
Dys-
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Abduction Adduction Flexion Extension Elevation Depression Rotation-turns a
bone on its own axis
Circumduction Supination Pronation Dorsiflexion Plantar flexion
ROM or Range of Motion
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Antagonists
Abduction◦Adduction
Flexion◦Extension
Pronation◦Supination
Dorsiflexion◦Plantar flexion
Elevation◦Depression
Hyper-◦Hypo
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Word parts for muscle direction◦Oblique Angled
◦Rectus straight
◦Transverse crosswise
◦Sphincter Ring-like
New Word Parts
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Slow
Brady -
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-trophy◦Growth or development
Fibr/o ◦Fiber, connective tissue
-paresis◦Partial or incomplete paralysis
New Word Parts
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Muscle Nomenclature
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Location-external oblique, pectoralis, lateralis
Origin & Insertion – brachioradialis, occipitofrontal
Number of divisions – biceps, triceps Function – ulnar flexor (flexes the wrist),
buccinator (the cheek muscle used to blow a trumpet)
Muscles are named for their;
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Size – vastus medialis Shape – deltoid Orientation – rectus abdominus (the straight
muscle of the abdomen), orbicularis oris (the circular muscle around the mouth)
Muscles are named for their;
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Adjectives to Describe Muscles
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Muscle Adjectives Externus – exterior Gracilis – slender Lateralis-to the side Latissimus – wide Longissimus – long Longus – long Maximus-largest Medialis-toward the
middle Medius – intermediate Oblique – slanted or at
an angle
Orbicularis – around Quadratus – square Rectus - straight Rhomboideus –
diamond shaped Scalenes – irregular
triangle Teres – round Transverse –
crosswise Vastus - great