NUCLEAR INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA TODAY AND TOMORROW
S.I. ANTIPOV
NUCLEAR SOCIETY OF RUSSIA
15-th Conference of the Pacific Nuclear Society
October 15-20, 2006
2
Rosatom today
Fundamental scienceand education
Fundamental scienceand education
ConstructionConstruction Construction abroadand export
Construction abroadand export
Design institutesDesign institutes
Fuel cycle enterprisesFuel cycle enterprisesNuclear industryNuclear industry
3
Technical science and general education
More than 50 scientific institutions, 10 industrial educational organizations, including:
• 6 state science centers
• 2 federal nuclear centers
Perspective developments in the area of fundamental and extreme features of the substance
Research and developments of the perspective power technologies based on the atom nucleus energy
Application research aimed at the improvement of the economic features, safety and reliability of the developed nuclear energy facilities and the fuel cycle technologies
Scientific research aimed at the identification of the «growth points» and targeted at the innovative development beyond the industry tasks
Training of the high qualification specialists
Training, continuous training and qualification improvement
Main areas
4
DESIGN
There are more than 30 design, development, technological, research organizations provide:
Development and elaboration of modern designs for NPPs and nuclear fuel facilities
Designs follow-up of the the operating Russian NPPs
Design follow-up during construction of the NPPs abroad
5
Nuclear fuel cycle
Mining
ReprocessingNF
manufacturing
NW and SNFmanagement
Availability of the national technology from the uranium mining to the nuclear fuel manufacturing
The NFC enterprises provide nuclear fuel for 31 NPP units in Russia and approximately same number of the NPPs abroad.
6
Construction (today)
Construction of new nuclearpower industry facilities
Construction of the nuclear fuel cyclefacilities for NW and SNF management
Upgrading and modernizationassociated with the NPP lifetime extension
7
NUCLEAR POWER INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA
8
Nuclear power industry
BELOYARSK
BALAKOVO
KURSK
KALININ
KOLSK
LENINGRAD
SMOLENSK
BILIBINO
VOLGODONSK
NUMBER OF UNITS
VVER-440 – 6VVER-1000 – 9RBMK-1000 – 11BN-600 – 1EGP-6 – 4
TOTAL – 31
NOVOVORONEZH
Rosenergoatom – a state power company performing the functions of an operating utility and managing 10 NPPs of 23,2 GW of installed capacity
9
Dynamics of the capacity growth in the former USSR and Russia
It was planned in the former USSR by 2000 to construct up to 72 GW of the installed nuclear power capacities
The consequences of the Chernobyl accident led to submission and later on to elimination of the nuclear construction program in the country
The first, after over than 10 years of «stagnation»,unit 1 of Rostov NPP was started up in 2001.
Nowadays the installed capacity of the operating NPPs in Russia is
23,2 GW
On June 27, 1954 the world commercial nuclear power plant was started and connected to the grid in Obninsk with capacity of
5 thousand kW
10
NPPs of Rosenergoatom
Белоярская АЭС
Балаковская АЭС
Нововоронежская АЭС
Курская АЭС
Калининская АЭС
Кольская АЭСЛенинградская АЭС
Смоленская АЭС
Билибинская АЭС
ВВЭР-1000
ВВЭР-440
БН-600
ЭГП-6
РБМК-1000
Волгодонская
Novovoronezh
Volgodonsk
Balakovo
SmolenskKursk
Kalinin
LeningradKola
Beloyarsk
Bilibino
RBMK-1000
VVER-1000
VVER-440
BN-600
EGP-6
11
Electricity generation at Russian NPPs in 1992-2005
(forecast for 2006-2010)
99,3
119,2
108,8 108,3
120,0134,9
139,8
147,6
143,0
119,6
97,8 103,5
128,9
148,6 150,9155,7
157,7
159,3
169,8
90
120
150
180
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
kW-h
rs. b
ln.
Fact Forecast
Start up of Volgodonsk 1
Start up of Balakovo 4
In 2004 Kalinin 3 was connected to
the grid
It is scheduled to start up Kalinin 4
It is scheduled to start up
Volgodonsk 2
12
Load and availability factors of Russian NPPs in 1992-2005
(forecast for 2006-2010)
73,473,271,7
70,369,1
64,5
58,2
58,3
53,4
64,9
67,376,3
52,655,6
80,077,2
78,276,574,1
78,9
75,473,7
73,2
67,5
61,4
63,0763,2
75,877,8
82
84,285,3
84,583,7
50
60
70
80
90
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
%
Fact Forecast Availability factor Availability factor without upgrading
13
Trend of operational events at Russian NPPs in 1992-2005
32 299 00210424324
4044
165
130
119
97
81 76
9886
65 67
3745
40444738
6769
88102
7983
101
128
159
197
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Safety significant Other
Total Adoption of new event accounting
rules in 1998
14
Trend of the reactor scrams in Russia and worldwide (according to WANO methodology) in
1992-2005
0,2
0,5
0,3
0,40,40,40,4
1,1
1,8
0,5 0,460,37 0,38
0,20
1,7 1,4
1,1
1,0
1,1
0,90,7 0,7
0,6
0,9
0,7 0,70,6
0,7
0
1
2
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Scr
ams
for
7000
hrs
. of
the
un
it o
per
atio
n
Russia Worldwide
15
Collective irradiation doses at NPPs(man.Sv/unit)
1,741,6 1,66
1,49
1,21,3
1,21,1
0,9 0,9 0,9
0,70,8
0,70,6
0,76
2,75
1,4
2,73
2,13
1,82 1,77
0,91,02
1,71
1,08 1,11
0,8
1,1
0,6
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
man-S
ievert
s p
er
unit
WANO Worldwide
Russian NPPs
16
Perspectives of nuclear power industry and nuclear industry
development in Russia
17
Main legislative documents
1. «Program of nuclear power industry development in the Russian Federation», approved by the President of the Russian Federation
2. «Plan of the first priority activities» for implementation of «Program of nuclear industry development in the Russian Federation»
3. Federal target-oriented program «Development of nuclear power industry of Russia in 2007-2010 and for the perspective up to 2015», approved by the Government of the Russian Federation
18
Interaction of the state and commercial entities in the construction of the NPP
NPP General
Designer
Reactor General
Designer
Scientific Leader
Design institut
es
Design bureaus, reactor design
institutes
Technical star-up
manager
ROSENERGOATOMOperating utility
Generation
NPPs
Maintenance
Specialized
companies
Scientific support
Нresearch instities
ROSTECHNADZOR
NPP construction
and installation companies
19
Construction and commissioning of the new NPP units
Rostov NPP, unit 2,VVER-1000
Beloyarsk NPP, unit 4BN-800(880)
Kalinin NPP, unit 4VVER-1000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020KA
LIN
IN –
4C
ente
r
N-V
OR
2 –
1C
ente
r
RO
ST
OV
– 2
N.C
auca
sus
N-V
OR
2 –
2C
ente
r
RO
ST
OV
– 3
N.C
auca
sus
RO
ST
OV
– 4
N.C
auca
sus
KO
LA
2 –
1N
-Wes
tST
AR
T U
P –
19
,9 G
WD
EC
OM
MIS
SIO
NI
NG
– 3
,7 G
W
LE
N –
1N
-Wes
t
LE
N –
2N
-Wes
t
NV
OR
– 3
Cen
ter
NV
OR
– 4
Cen
ter
KO
LA
– 1
N-W
est.
Installed capacity by 2020 – up to 40 GW
KO
LA
– 2
N-W
est.
KU
RS
K 2
– 1
Cen
ter
KU
RS
K 2
– 2
Cen
ter
KU
RS
K 2
– 3
Cen
ter
KU
RS
K 2
– 4
Cen
ter
SM
OL
EN
SK
2 –
1C
ente
r
SM
OL
EN
SK
2 –
3C
ente
r
SM
OL
EN
SK
2 –
2C
ente
r
LE
N 2
– 1
N-W
est
LE
N 2
– 2
N-W
est
LE
N 2
– 3
N-W
est
LE
N 2
– 4
N-W
est
BE
LO
YA
RS
K –
4 T
he
Ura
ls
SM
OL
EN
SK
2 –
4C
ente
r
20
NEAR FUTURE OBJECTIVES
Improvement of the economical efficiency in production of electrical and thermal energy under condition of safe NPP operation
Elaboration and demonstration of the improved technologies in electricity production, closing of the nuclear fuel cycle
VVER-1500 (1600)
KLT-40С
Development of regional nuclear industry for production of heat and electricity, fresh water on the basis of small capacity reactor installations for North or South regions
BN-800 (880)
880930
1215
11101015
210230
~160 180129
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
21
GROWTH OF THE GENERATING CAPACITIES
TW-hr./year
Power industry
NPPs
Share of the NPPs15% 16% 18% 20% 21%
22
TASKS FOR THE INDUSTRY AND CONSTRUCTION COMPLEX
Orientation of the energy machine-building facilities for manufacturing minimum 2 sets of equipment annually for the internal market of Russia
Restoration of the construction complex to ensure erecting minimum 15 nuclear power units at several sites with the pace of commissioning at least 2 NPP units annually starting with 2012
Restoration of the training system for construction and installation personnel
Installation of the advanced construction and installation technologies with the purpose to improve the construction quality, minimize the duration and decrease the costs
Development of the construction management program to address the simultaneous construction of 15 NPP units at the territory of the Russian Federation
23
PERSPECTIVE AREAS IN SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH COMPLEX OF ROSATOM
The Russian science did not make a mistake in the selection of the strategic direction for development of the nuclear industry
The main tasks:
In the fuel supply
• transition from U-235 to U-238 and Th-232, which allows to receive practically unlimited stores of the raw materials
• Closing of the fuel cycle
– Testing of the technology of water chemical treatment for SNF from the uranium reactors with separation of the Plutonium and packet of the high-active waste
- Demonstration of the pellet-type and vibration-packed uranium-plutonium fuel for BN reactors
- Commencement of the design and development activities in the areas of nitride fuel, dry NW reprocessing, young actinides transmutation etc.
24
Main tasks:
In the reactor installations
• next generation of VVER-1100-1200; VVER-1500-1600
• next technological step BN-800 (880) and try-out of the production technologies
• closing of the uranium-plutonium fuel cycle
•Design and development activities (at different stages)
- designs of BN-1800, BN-GT and fast reactors with heavy metal coolant SVBR, BREST
- other perspective scientific developments
PERSPECTIVE AREAS IN SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH COMPLEX OF ROSATOM
THANKS FOR
YOUR ATTENTION