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Minerals: Building blocks of rocks
• 1. By definition a mineral is not
a. Naturally occurring
b. Organic
c. solid
d. ordered internal molecular structure
e. Definite chemical composition
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Minerals: Building blocks of rocks
• 1. By definition a mineral is not
a. Naturally occurring
b. Organic
c. solid
d. ordered internal molecular structure
e. Definite chemical composition
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Atoms, the building block of Elements
2. Which of the following describes the central region of an atom?
a. Nucleus, containing electrons and protonsb. Nucleus, containing protons and neutronsc. Electron cloud, containing electrons and protonsd. Electron cloud, containing electrons and neutrons
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2. Which of the following describes the central region of an atom?
a. Nucleus, containing electrons and protonsb. Nucleus, containing protons and neutronsc. Electron cloud, containing electrons and
protonsa. Electron cloud, containing electrons and
neutrons
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3.When atoms lose or gain electrons they form
a. Isotopesb. Ionsc. Compoundsd.Minerals
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3.When atoms lose or gain electrons they form
a. Isotopesb. Ionsc. Compoundsd.Minerals
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Core Heat- heat from when the planet formed and accreted, which has not yet been lost - - frictional heating, caused by denser core material sinking to the center of the planet; and-heat from the decay of radioactive elements.
4.Radioactive elements are unstable isotopes. Which of the following describes isotopes of the same element? (for example C-12 and C-14)
a. Same # of protons, different # of electronsb. Same # of neutrons, different # of protonsc. Same # of protons, different #of neutronsd. Same # of electrons, different # of neutrons
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4. Radioactive elements are unstable isotopes. Which of the following describes isotopes of the same element? (for example C-12 and C-14)a. Same # of protons, different # of electronsb. Same # of neutrons, different # of protonsc. Same # of protons, different #of neutronsd. Same # of electrons, different # of neutrons
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5.What are the building blocks of minerals?
a. Atomsb. Isotopesc. Rocksd. Elements
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Periodic Table of the Elements
5. What are the building blocks of minerals?a. Atomsb. Isotopesc. Rocksd. Elements
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Composition of minerals
• Chemical bonding
• Formation of a compound by combining two or more elements
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Types of Bonding
• 6. Which subatomic particles are involved in chemical bonding?– A. Nucleus– B. Electrons– C. Protons– D. Neutrons
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Types of Bonding
• 6. Which subatomic particles are involved in chemical bonding?– A. Nucleus– B. Electrons– C. Protons– D. Neutrons
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Types of Bonding
7. Which type of bonding involves sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetals?
a. Ionic
b. Covalent
c. Metallic
d. Hydrogen
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7. Which type of bonding involves sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetals?
a. Ionicb. Covalentc. Metallicd. Hydrogen
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8. Physical properties of minerals
• What is the property that describes how a mineral reflects light?
(ex. Metallic, nonmetallic)
a.Luster
b.Cleavage
c.Fracture
d.Crystalline structure
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Physical properties of minerals
• 8. What is the property that describes how a mineral reflects light?
(ex. Metallic, nonmetallic)
a.Luster
b.Cleavage
c.Fracture
d.Crystalline structure
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Physical Properties of Minerals
• 9. What is the property that describes the tendency to break along planes of weak bonding producing flat, shiny surfaces?
• A. Fracture• B. cleavage• C. Hardness• D. streak
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Physical Properties of Minerals
• 9. What is the property that describes the tendency to break along planes of weak bonding producing flat, shiny surfaces?
• A. Fracture• B. cleavage• C. Hardness• D. streak
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• 10. Which mineral is harder than a Copper penny, but not a wire nail?
• A. Calcite• B. Apatite• C. fluorite• D. gypsum
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10. Which mineral is harder than a Copper penny, but not a wire nail?A. CalciteB. ApatiteC. fluoriteD. gypsum
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11. What is the hardness of a mineral that can’t be scratched by Corundum, but can be scratched by Diamond?
a.8 – 9b.9 – 10c.7 – 10d.7 - 9
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11. What is the hardness of a mineral that can’t be scratched by Corundum, but can be scratched by Diamond?
a.8 – 9b.9 – 10c.7 – 10d.7 - 9
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12.Which property is the color of a mineral in its colored form?
a. Colorb. Lusterc. Cleavaged. Streak
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12.Which property is the color of a mineral in its colored form?
• a. Color• b. Luster• c. Cleavage• d. Streak
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Mineral groups
• Nearly 4000 minerals have been named• Rock-forming minerals
• Common minerals that make up most of the rocks of Earth’s crust
• Only a few dozen members• Composed mainly of the 8 elements that
make up over 98% of the continental crust
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Mineral Groups
• 13. What 2 elements make up 96% of Earth’s crust?– A. Oxygen and Nitrogen– B. Oxygen and Silicon– C. Oxygen and Sulfur– D. Oxygen and Aluminum
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Elemental abundances in continental crust
13. What 2 elements make up 96% of Earth’s crust?A. Oxygen and NitrogenB. Oxygen and SiliconC. Oxygen and SulfurD. Oxygen and Aluminum
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Mineral groups• 14. The building block of silicate minerals is called
the– a. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron– B. Aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron– C. Silicon-oxygen triangle– D. Silicon-aluminum triangle
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Mineral Groups
14. The building block of silicate minerals is called the
a. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedronB. Aluminum-oxygen tetrahedronC. Silicon-oxygen triangleD. Silicon-aluminum triangle
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Non-silicates• Important nonsilicate minerals
• Typically divided into classes based on anions• Comprise only about 4% of Earth’s crust• Often occur in sedimentary rocks
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Mineral Groups
• 15. Olivine, MgSiO4, belongs to which mineral group?– A. Oxides– B. Carbonates– C. Halides– D. Silicates
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Mineral Groups
• 15. Olivine, MgSiO4, belongs to which mineral group?– A. Oxides– B. Carbonates– C. Halides– D. Silicates
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Mineral Groups
• 16. Corundum, Al2O3, belongs to which mineral group?– A. Oxides– B. Carbonates– C. Sulfates/Sulfides– D. Halides
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Mineral Groups
• 16. Corundum, Al2O3, belongs to which mineral group?– A. Oxides – a metal and Oxygen– B. Carbonates– C. Sulfates/Sulfides– D. Halides
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Mineral Groups
• 17. Halite, known as table salt NaCl, belongs to which mineral group?– A. Carbonates– B. Halides– C. Native elements– D. Oxides
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Mineral Groups
• 17. Halite, known as table salt NaCl, belongs to which mineral group?– A. Carbonates– B. Halides – a metal and a Halogen (group
17 on the Periodic Table such as Chlorine)– C. Native elements– D. Oxides
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Mineral Groups
• 18. Calcite, CaCO3 , found in stalagtites and stalagmites, belongs to which mineral group?–A. Halites
–B. Oxides
–C. Silicates
–D. Carbonates
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Mineral Groups
• 18. Calcite, CaCO3 , found in stalagtites and stalagmites, belongs to which mineral group?–A. Halites
–B. Oxides
–C. Silicates
–D. Carbonates
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Mineral Groups
• 19. Galena or Lead Ore, PbS, belongs to which mineral group?a. Sulfates/sulfides
b. Silicates
c. Oxides
d. Native elements
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Mineral Groups
• 19. Galena or Lead Ore, PbS, belongs to which mineral group?a. Sulfates/sulfides
b. Silicates
c. Oxides
d. Native elements
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Mineral Groups
• 20. Gold and Silver, Au and Ag, belong to which mineral group?– A. Oxides– B. Native elements– C. Halides– D. Silicates
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Mineral Groups
20. Gold and Silver, Au and Ag, belong to which mineral group?
A. OxidesB. Native elements – single elementsC. HalidesD. Silicates