Minerals: Building blocks of rocks

• 1. By definition a mineral is not

a. Naturally occurring

b. Organic

c. solid

d. ordered internal molecular structure

e. Definite chemical composition

Minerals: Building blocks of rocks

• 1. By definition a mineral is not

a. Naturally occurring

b. Organic

c. solid

d. ordered internal molecular structure

e. Definite chemical composition

Atoms, the building block of Elements

2. Which of the following describes the central region of an atom?

a. Nucleus, containing electrons and protonsb. Nucleus, containing protons and neutronsc. Electron cloud, containing electrons and protonsd. Electron cloud, containing electrons and neutrons

2. Which of the following describes the central region of an atom?

a. Nucleus, containing electrons and protonsb. Nucleus, containing protons and neutronsc. Electron cloud, containing electrons and

protonsa. Electron cloud, containing electrons and

neutrons

3.When atoms lose or gain electrons they form

a. Isotopesb. Ionsc. Compoundsd.Minerals

3.When atoms lose or gain electrons they form

a. Isotopesb. Ionsc. Compoundsd.Minerals

Core Heat- heat from when the planet formed and accreted, which has not yet been lost - - frictional heating, caused by denser core material sinking to the center of the planet; and-heat from the decay of radioactive elements.

4.Radioactive elements are unstable isotopes. Which of the following describes isotopes of the same element? (for example C-12 and C-14)

a. Same # of protons, different # of electronsb. Same # of neutrons, different # of protonsc. Same # of protons, different #of neutronsd. Same # of electrons, different # of neutrons

4. Radioactive elements are unstable isotopes. Which of the following describes isotopes of the same element? (for example C-12 and C-14)a. Same # of protons, different # of electronsb. Same # of neutrons, different # of protonsc. Same # of protons, different #of neutronsd. Same # of electrons, different # of neutrons

5.What are the building blocks of minerals?

a. Atomsb. Isotopesc. Rocksd. Elements

Periodic Table of the Elements

5. What are the building blocks of minerals?a. Atomsb. Isotopesc. Rocksd. Elements

Composition of minerals

• Chemical bonding

• Formation of a compound by combining two or more elements

Types of Bonding

• 6. Which subatomic particles are involved in chemical bonding?– A. Nucleus– B. Electrons– C. Protons– D. Neutrons

Types of Bonding

• 6. Which subatomic particles are involved in chemical bonding?– A. Nucleus– B. Electrons– C. Protons– D. Neutrons

Types of Bonding

7. Which type of bonding involves sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetals?

a. Ionic

b. Covalent

c. Metallic

d. Hydrogen

7. Which type of bonding involves sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetals?

a. Ionicb. Covalentc. Metallicd. Hydrogen

8. Physical properties of minerals

• What is the property that describes how a mineral reflects light?

(ex. Metallic, nonmetallic)

a.Luster

b.Cleavage

c.Fracture

d.Crystalline structure

Physical properties of minerals

• 8. What is the property that describes how a mineral reflects light?

(ex. Metallic, nonmetallic)

a.Luster

b.Cleavage

c.Fracture

d.Crystalline structure

Physical Properties of Minerals

• 9. What is the property that describes the tendency to break along planes of weak bonding producing flat, shiny surfaces?

• A. Fracture• B. cleavage• C. Hardness• D. streak

Physical Properties of Minerals

• 9. What is the property that describes the tendency to break along planes of weak bonding producing flat, shiny surfaces?

• A. Fracture• B. cleavage• C. Hardness• D. streak

• 10. Which mineral is harder than a Copper penny, but not a wire nail?

• A. Calcite• B. Apatite• C. fluorite• D. gypsum

10. Which mineral is harder than a Copper penny, but not a wire nail?A. CalciteB. ApatiteC. fluoriteD. gypsum

11. What is the hardness of a mineral that can’t be scratched by Corundum, but can be scratched by Diamond?

a.8 – 9b.9 – 10c.7 – 10d.7 - 9

11. What is the hardness of a mineral that can’t be scratched by Corundum, but can be scratched by Diamond?

a.8 – 9b.9 – 10c.7 – 10d.7 - 9

12.Which property is the color of a mineral in its colored form?

a. Colorb. Lusterc. Cleavaged. Streak

12.Which property is the color of a mineral in its colored form?

• a. Color• b. Luster• c. Cleavage• d. Streak

Mineral groups

• Nearly 4000 minerals have been named• Rock-forming minerals

• Common minerals that make up most of the rocks of Earth’s crust

• Only a few dozen members• Composed mainly of the 8 elements that

make up over 98% of the continental crust

Mineral Groups

• 13. What 2 elements make up 96% of Earth’s crust?– A. Oxygen and Nitrogen– B. Oxygen and Silicon– C. Oxygen and Sulfur– D. Oxygen and Aluminum

Elemental abundances in continental crust

13. What 2 elements make up 96% of Earth’s crust?A. Oxygen and NitrogenB. Oxygen and SiliconC. Oxygen and SulfurD. Oxygen and Aluminum

Mineral groups• 14. The building block of silicate minerals is called

the– a. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron– B. Aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron– C. Silicon-oxygen triangle– D. Silicon-aluminum triangle

Mineral Groups

14. The building block of silicate minerals is called the

a. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedronB. Aluminum-oxygen tetrahedronC. Silicon-oxygen triangleD. Silicon-aluminum triangle

Non-silicates• Important nonsilicate minerals

• Typically divided into classes based on anions• Comprise only about 4% of Earth’s crust• Often occur in sedimentary rocks

Mineral Groups

• 15. Olivine, MgSiO4, belongs to which mineral group?– A. Oxides– B. Carbonates– C. Halides– D. Silicates

Mineral Groups

• 15. Olivine, MgSiO4, belongs to which mineral group?– A. Oxides– B. Carbonates– C. Halides– D. Silicates

Mineral Groups

• 16. Corundum, Al2O3, belongs to which mineral group?– A. Oxides– B. Carbonates– C. Sulfates/Sulfides– D. Halides

Mineral Groups

• 16. Corundum, Al2O3, belongs to which mineral group?– A. Oxides – a metal and Oxygen– B. Carbonates– C. Sulfates/Sulfides– D. Halides

Mineral Groups

• 17. Halite, known as table salt NaCl, belongs to which mineral group?– A. Carbonates– B. Halides– C. Native elements– D. Oxides

Mineral Groups

• 17. Halite, known as table salt NaCl, belongs to which mineral group?– A. Carbonates– B. Halides – a metal and a Halogen (group

17 on the Periodic Table such as Chlorine)– C. Native elements– D. Oxides

Mineral Groups

• 18. Calcite, CaCO3 , found in stalagtites and stalagmites, belongs to which mineral group?–A. Halites

–B. Oxides

–C. Silicates

–D. Carbonates

Mineral Groups

• 18. Calcite, CaCO3 , found in stalagtites and stalagmites, belongs to which mineral group?–A. Halites

–B. Oxides

–C. Silicates

–D. Carbonates

Mineral Groups

• 19. Galena or Lead Ore, PbS, belongs to which mineral group?a. Sulfates/sulfides

b. Silicates

c. Oxides

d. Native elements

Mineral Groups

• 19. Galena or Lead Ore, PbS, belongs to which mineral group?a. Sulfates/sulfides

b. Silicates

c. Oxides

d. Native elements

Mineral Groups

• 20. Gold and Silver, Au and Ag, belong to which mineral group?– A. Oxides– B. Native elements– C. Halides– D. Silicates

Mineral Groups

20. Gold and Silver, Au and Ag, belong to which mineral group?

A. OxidesB. Native elements – single elementsC. HalidesD. Silicates