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SEMANTICALLY RICH
DESCRIPTION OF E-CF BASED
JOB PROFILES
Achilles Kameas & Ioanna Kaloudi
Hellenic Open University
Definition of basic terms
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Occupation
A grouping of jobs involving similar content in terms of tasks and requiring similar types of skills
Job
A set of tasks and duties executed or meant to be executed by one person
Learning outcomes
Statements of what a learner knows, understands and is able to do on completion of a learning process, defined in terms of knowledge, skills and competences
Problem addressed
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Decoupling the description of jobs, learning
outcomes and courses
Designing courses, based on learning outcomes, that
would meet the specific needs of jobs
Provide a mechanism that would automatically
extract information from job profiles that could be
used for the design of courses
Ontology
An ontology is usually defined as “a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization” (Gruber, 1993).
A “conceptualization” refers to an abstract model of some phenomenon in the world, which identifies the relevant concepts of that phenomenon.
“Explicit” means that the type of concepts used and the constraints on their use are explicitly defined.
“Formal” refers to the fact that the ontology should be machine readable.
“Shared” reflects the notion that an ontology captures consensual knowledge, that is, it is not private of some individual, but accepted by a group.
An ontology is a structure of knowledge, used as a means of knowledge sharing within a community of heterogeneous entities.
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Methodology and tools
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The software used for the development of the ontology is Protégé 4.1 Ontology Editor and Knowledge Acquisition System (OWL DL language).
The basic steps followed for the comprehension and construction of the ontology are (Noy and McGuiness, 2001).:
Step 1: Determine the domain and scope of the ontology
Step 2: Consider reusing existing ontologies
Step 3: Enumerate important terms in the ontology
Step 4: Define the classes and the class hierarchy
Step 5: Define the properties of classes
Step 6: Define the data properties of the classes
Step 7: Create instances
Step 8: Evaluate the ontology by implementing DL Queries
Step 1: scope
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The ontology connects the three out of four dimensions of which the European e-Competence Framework (e-CF) consists
d1: e-Competence areas,
d2: e-Competences,
d3: e-Competence Proficiency Levels
d4: knowledge and skills was not included
Then, the aim is to relate the term “Job Profiles” with concepts that already exist in the ontology, e.g. “levels” and “competences”, as for every Job Profile there are specific competences combined with specific levels
Step 2: consider reuse
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At the time of ontology engineering, no existing
ontology that would satisfy these specific
requirements was located
Step 3: important terms
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For the main structure the terms introduced are: E-cf
Proficiency Level, EQF Proficiency Level,
eCompetences, Job Profiles
Step 4: class hierarchy
eCompetences
Enable
Plan
Build
Run
Manage
Proficiency Level
EQF Proficiency Level
eCF Proficiency Level
Job Profiles
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Step 5: object properties
hasProficiencyLevel
eCompetences -> eCFProficiencyLevel
isRelatedTo
eCFProficiencyLevel -> EQFProficienceLevel
haseCompetences
JobProfile -> eCompetences
hasLevel
eCompetences -> ProficienceLevel
isProficiencyLevelFor eCFProficiencyLevel ->
eCompetences
relatesTo
EQFProficienceLevel -> eCFProficiencyLevel
belongsToJobProfile
eCompetences -> JobProfile
isLevelFor
ProficienceLevel -> eCompetences
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Step 7: instances
eCompetences (36 in total)
Enable
Sales Management etc.
Plan
Service Level Management etc.
Build
Design and Development etc.
Run
User Support etc.
Manage
Business Change Management etc.
Proficiency Level
EQF Proficiency Level
EQF3, EQF4, EQF5, EQF6, EQF7, EQF8
eCF Proficiency Level
e1, e2, e3, e4, e5
JobProfiles
Digital Animator
Web Master
Web Designer
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The resulting ontology
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Step 8: evaluation
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Which
competences
are
simultaneousl
y related to
levels e2 and
e5?
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Which of the
Webmaster’s
competences
have level e2
and e3?
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Which job
profiles
require the
Technology
Watching
competence?
Thank you!
Useful links
e-CoMeT Lab
http://eeyem.eap.gr
eJobs Observatory
www.e-jobs-observatory.eu
ProInternet (PIN) project
www.prointernet-project.eu
CompAAL project
www.compaal.eu
eCompetences Framework (e-CF)
www.ecompetences.eu
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Achilles Kameas can be contacted at