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Page 1: Know your numbers

Know  Your  Numbers  The  Capital  Network  

12/5/13  

Dan  Allred  Silicon  Valley  Bank  [email protected]  TwiDer:  @dgallred  

hDp://danallred.tumblr.com    

Page 2: Know your numbers

Financial  maDers  are  oIen  confusing.  

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It  is  a  lot  like  learning  a  language.  

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You  need  to  learn  key  phrases  yourself...  

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…and  can  rely  on  translators  for  the  rest.    

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Today  we  will  cover:  

•  Key  financial  metrics  

•  Financial  statements  

• When  &  how  to  leverage  CFOs  &  others  

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Key  metric:  bookings  

•  The  financial  value  of  business  that  you  have  under  contract  –  i.e.  “we  booked  a  deal  with  Amazon  for  $240k  over  the  next  2  years.”  

•  Not  a  financial  statement  item,  but  oIen  a  key  “dashboard”  item.  

•  Total  Contract  Value  (TCV)  vs.  Annual  Contract  Value  (ACV).  

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Key  metric:  revenue  

•  The  accoun^ng  value  of  a  sale  during  a  specific  ^me  period.  

•  You  will  hear  accountants  say  “rev  rec”,  “recognized  revenue”,  “scored  revenue”,  etc.  

•  A  sale  typically  becomes  revenue  when  the  product  has  been  delivered  and  payment  terms  are  defined  and  agreed  to.  

•  Example  from  prior  slide.  

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Key  metric:  COGS  

•  COGS  =  cost  of  good  sold.  •  The  costs  to  produce  the  goods  being  sold  (i.e.  direct  product  costs,  hos^ng,  etc.)  and  to  execute  on  the  sale  (commissions,  revenue  share,  etc.).  

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Key  metric:  gross  margin  

•  Revenue  minus  COGS  =  Gross  Profit  (a  hard  dollar  number)  

•  Gross  Profit  divided  by  Revenue  =  Gross  Margin  (a  percentage)  

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Key  metric:  expenses  

•  Costs  to  run  your  business  – Sales  &  Marke^ng  expenses  

– Research  &  Development  expenses  – General  &  Administra^ve  expenses  

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Key  metric:  bo5om  line  

•  Revenue  minus  COGS  minus  expenses.  – Net  Profit  (or  Net  Loss)  includes  interest,  taxes,  deprecia^on  and  amor^za^on  expenses  (most  of  you  do  not  need  to  worry  about  this  for  now)  

– EBITDA  =  Earnings  Before  Interest,  Taxes,  Deprecia^on  &  Amor^za^on  (i.e.  all  the  stuff  you  don’t  need  to  worry  much  about  at  your  stage).  

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Key  metric:  sources  &  uses  of  cash  

•  Sources:  –  Trade  Receivables  (A/R)  –  Deferred  Revenue  (D/R)  –  Debt  –  Equity  

•  Uses:  –  Trade  Payables  (A/P)  –  Salaries/Wages  Payable  

–  Debt  

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Key  metric:  runway  

•  Cash  divided  by  cash  burn.  •  Cash  burn  does  not  necessarily  equal  EBITDA  –  depends  on  ^ming  of  cash  receipts  vs.  bookings  vs.  revenue.  

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Key  metric:  milestones  

•  Events  that  drive  value  in  the  company:  – Commercial  milestones:  distribu^on  agreements,  customers,  bookings,  revenue,  etc.  

– Market  milestones:  users,  working  business  model,  etc.  

– Technical  milestones:  proof  of  concept,  working  prototype,  etc.  

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Dashboards  

•  Typically  one  page  used  to  communicate  progress  to  key  stakeholders  (investors,  employees,  etc.)  

•  Time  based  representa^on  of  how  company  is  tracking  against  key  financial  goals  (and  perhaps  other  ^me  bound  goals  as  well).  

•  Not  a  financial  statement  (i.e.  not  an  income  statement,  “P&L”  or  balance  sheet).  

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Dashboard  exercise  

•  Ques^ons  to  ask  yourself:  – What  drives  value  in  the  business  (bookings,  gross  margin,  technical  progress,  distribu^on  deals)?  

–   What  resources  do  you  need  to  drive  this  value  (people,  ^me,  money,  etc.)?  

•  Your  dashboard  will:  – Track  the  value  you  are  building  in  the  business.  – Track  the  resources  you  are  consuming  as  you  build  value.  

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Financial  Statements  

•  Income  Statement  – A  movie.  

– Tells  the  financial  story  of  a  company  over  a  span  of  8me.    

•  Balance  Sheet  – A  picture.  –  Indicates  the  financial  health  of  a  company  at  a  point  in  8me.  

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Income  Statement  

•  Over  a  period  of  ^me:  – Revenue  (“top  line”)  – Minus  COGS  – Equals  Gross  Profit  – Minus  Expenses  

– Equals  EBITDA  (“boDom  line”)  

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Balance  Sheet  

•  Assets  –  Cash  –  Receivables  –  Inventory  –  Fixed  Assets  –  Goodwill  &  Intangible  Assets  

•  Liabili^es  –  Salaries,  wages  –  Payables  –  Deferred  Revenue  –  Debt  

•  Equity  –  Paid-­‐in  Capital  –  Retained  Earnings  (Loss)  

Assets  =  Liabili^es  plus  Equity  

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What  do  founders  need  to  do?  

•  As  much  as  you  are  comfortable  doing…  •  At  a  minimum:  – Ar^culate  how  value  is  built  in  your  business  in  financial  terms.    

– Speak  to  financial  resources  required  to  build  value  in  your  business.  

– Represent  this  in  terms  of  ^me  and  progress  (i.e.  dashboards),  using  financial  language  that  is  readily  understood  or  simply  conveyed  by  you.      

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What  can  you  hire  CFOs  to  do?  

•  Prepare  forward  looking  financial  statements  (budgets,  projec^ons,  etc.)  

•  Close  the  books  every  month  and  prepare  historical  financial  statements.  

•  Manage  billing  &  collec^ng.  

•  Manage  revenue  recogni^on  &  educate  stakeholders  (including  you)  on  complexi^es.  

•  Reality  check  your  expense  assump^ons.  

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Ques^ons?  

Dan  Allred  Silicon  Valley  Bank  [email protected]  TwiDer:  @dgallred  

hDp://danallred.tumblr.com  


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