Download - French & Indian War French vs. English
French & Indian War
French vs. EnglishConquest for the
North American Empire
French Possessions In North America
English Possessions In North America
French in North America
British in North America
Native Americans
French in North America
British in North America
The Ohio River Valley is ready to explode!
Why?
French and Indian War
Reasons For the War:
A.
B.
1. Fur Trade
2. LandA.
B.
C.
D.
3. Indian Relations A.
B.
C.
A. Earliest & most important industry for French (business) in North America
B. 1500s-1800s Beaver fur was used to make hats, they were the fashion in Europe.
* One of the causes of the French and Indian War.
1. The Fur Trade
Beaver Fur
Beaver Trap
* Another cause of the French and Indian War.A. English colonists bought 500,000 acres of
land in the Ohio Valley to farm. B. This would hurt the French colonial fur trade.* This brought economic, religious, and political
conflict between the English and French in the Ohio River Valley.
2. Land
French in North America
• Land was originally claimed by French explorers.
•French fur traders used the Ohio River area for fur trading.
C. French gov’t built forts to stop English taking the land.
• The English colonies grew and prospered. New colonists were looking for more land.
•Free or cheap land offered new opportunities and economic freedom.
D. English government built forts and started to grant land to its citizens.
British in North America
A. French have better relationships with Indians.
B. English wanted to take their land for farming.
Most French colonists were fur traders and trappers.
C. French only wanted the fur. They didn’t want to stay on the land.▪ They lived among the Indians and
adopted their ways.▪ They learned to make canoes, trap
animals, make snow shoes, and etc..▪ They learned Native American
languages.▪ They took Indian brides.
▪ Bi-racial children
3. Indian Relations
French in North America
British in North America
The English attack French Fort Duquesne. The attack was a disaster and was the beginning of the French and Indian War.
French in North America
British in North America
The war is fought on two continents (North America and Europe)
In America, they fought over control of the entire Western frontier including the Ohio River Valley.
In Europe, France and England began to fight in what was called the Seven Years War.
War
French and Indian War
Advantages of Each Side
1. British/American Advantages:
A.
B. 1. 2.C.
D.
2. French Advantages: A.
B.
C.
1. British/American ColoniesA. Larger Population▪ 1,485,000
B. Militias▪ Poorly organized and
equipped.1. They were ready at a
moment’s notice.2. Fighting the Indians
for over a 100 years.
C. Self-supporting▪ Produced enough food
and supplies.
D. Britain controlled the seas.
2. French Colonies Single Colonial
GovernmentA. One government
meant less discussion during decision making. (American colonists didn’t always agree to follow British orders)
B. Pattern of Settlement▪ Clustered together
1. Towns were close together
C. Well-fortified positions▪ Build high on cliffs.
Advantages of Each Side
French and Indian War
Disadvantages of Each Side
1. British/American
Disadvantages:
A. 1.
B.
2. French Disadvantages:A.
B.
C. 1.
2.
1. British/American ColoniesA. Colonial
Assemblies1. Each colony
jealously guarded its own power.
B. Fighting an Offensive War▪ Attack Quebec and
Montreal to win the war.
2. French ColoniesA. Smaller Population▪ 75,000
B. Depended on Imports▪ British controlled the
seas.
C. Troops1. France sent few
troops over.2. Defense fell to the fur
trading companies.
Disadvantages of Each Side
French and Indian War
Native American Involvement
1. British/American Allies:
A. 1.
B.
2. French Allies:A.
1.
2.
1. British/American ColoniesA. Iroquois
League1. Mostly neutral,
but did fight occasionally.
B. Chief of the Mohawks
Joseph Brant Became a colonel
in the British army.
2. French ColoniesA. Algonquins,
Ottawas & the Hurons1. Longtime
trading partners2. Didn’t trust the
land grabbing white settlers.
Native American Involvement
French and Indian War
Albany Plan
A. B.C.D.
Battle of Quebec
A. B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.H.
The Albany PlanBEN
FRANKLIN
A. 1754- Delegates from nine of the thirteen colonies
met in Albany, New York.B.Ben Franklin (drew it up), delegate from
Pennsylvania came to Albany with a “Plan of Union” or “Albany Plan”, a loose union or compact between the colonies.
C.A promise from the colonies to work together.D. The plan failed because the colonial
assemblies and the British Parliament rejected it.
The Albany Plan
Written by James Fenimore Cooper
The Last of the Mohicans is part of a series of four books called The Leatherstocking Tales.
Follows the life of a colonial boy and his Native American friend.
The Last of the Mohicans
A. Turning Point of War
B. September 13, 1759
C. British approach Quebec by sea and climb cliffs-surprise attack
D. Plains of Abraham
E. French caught off guard.
F. Commanders of both armies die in battle
G. British claim victory
H. French surrender in America a year later on September 6, 1760
British General-James Wolf’s death at Quebec
French and Indian War
War Ends
A. B.
Results of the French and Indian War
A. B. 1.
C.
* France and Britain continued fighting in Europe for three more years
A. Treaty of Paris is signed on February 10, 1763-this ends the war.
B. France surrenders all land in North America to Britain
Results of WarResults of WarA. Britain gained control over half the North
American continent, including French Canada, all French territorial claims-everything east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida.
B. Another result of the war was - British decide to reevaluate their relationship with the colonies.
1. Want to re-establish control.C. The British government also faced pressing
financial problems. They owed a lot of money. 1. Britain began fighting in 1754 with a
national debt of approximately 75 million pounds, but the war effort caused the debt to soar to 133 million pounds by 1763.
Proclamation Line of 1763The British declared that American colonists would not be allowed to set up or keep settlements west of an imaginary line running down the crest of the Appalachian Mountains. The proclamation acknowledged that Native Americans owned the lands on which they were then residing and white settlers in the area were to be removed.Appalachian Mountains
Mississippi River
Topic: French and Indian War
French vs. British & American Colonists--with Indians fighting on both sides.
War in North America and Europe
War is over land, farming and furs.
Ben Franklin draws a political cartoon and writes the Albany Plan to try and get the colonies to work together.
Britain and the British colonists won the war!!
The Treaty of Paris, 1763, officially ends the war.
France looses North America and the British take over their land.
Proclamation Line of 1763 which is England’s attempt to control the colonies
Most Important Things to Remember!Most Important Things to Remember!