Ceramic materials engineering
Prof. Ing. Vincenzo M. Sglavo
Corso di Laurea magistrale - Master’s Degreein
Materials and Production Engineering
Academic Year 2018-2019
www.sglavo.it
[email protected] - [email protected]
Department of Industrial Engineering
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
About myself…Vincenzo M. Sglavo
• Professor of Materials Science and Technology at UNITN since 1999 (Researcher from 1989)
• Post Doctoral Fellow and Adjunct Professor at the Pennsylvania State University (USA) 1993/94 – 2001
• Member of the Italian Association of Professional Engineers
• Associate Editor of the Journal of the American Ceramic Society, International Journal of Ceramic Engineering and Science, Recent Progress in Materials, International Journal of Industrial and Operations Research
• Member of the American Ceramic Society and of the Society of Glass Technology
• Author of more than 170 scientific papers and 12 patents
• Advisor of more than 90 “laurea” thesis and of 24 PhD students
• Manager and responsible for more than 40 research projects funded by Italian and foreignprivate industries, Italian government and University of Trento
• Referee for several international scientific journals and advisor for the Italian, German, French, Austrian, Israeli, Serbian, Polish and Russian governments and for the National Science Foundation (USA) for the evaluation of research projects
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
About myself… (cont’d)Research interests and topics:
• Fatigue and fracture phenomena in glasses and ceramics• Chemical strengthening of glass by ion-exchange• Design and production of high strength-high reliability glasses and ceramics• Sintering of ceramics under electrical field (“flash sintering”)• Materials for Solid Oxides Fuel Cells (SOFC)• Reuse of industrial wastes for the production of new materials• Additive manufacturing (3D printing) of inorganic materials
At present:
• Tutor of 3 post-docs, 4 PhD and 4 LM students• Manager and scientific responsible for 4 applied research projects (SOFCs, chemical
strengthening of glass, E-field assisted sintering, 3D printing) funded by Italian and foreign companies and foundations
• Teacher of “Glass Engineering” (LM Materials & Production Engineering) and “Experimental Mechanics of Materials” (PhD in Materials, Mechatronics and Systems Engineering)
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Ceramic materials
• Old / ancient meaning:objects for domestic useproduced by clay
• Etymological meaning:from ancient greek, keramos = vasekeramos derives from a sanskrit term meaning “to fire”keramos = fired earth
• Actual /modern meaning:solids composed of inorganic – non metallic materials
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Ceramic products
• Traditional ceramics• Advanced ceramics• Glasses
EarthenwareStonewarePorcelainTechnical ceramics (steatite, refractories)Cements
Traditional glassesInnovative oxidic glasses (by sol-gel, via PVD)Non oxidic glassesGlass-ceramics
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Innovative oradvanced ceramics
classified on the basis of their function, property or application
Principles of ceramics processing, 2nd edition, J. S. Reed, J. Wiley & Sons, 1995
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Property Example Application
Ceramic materials: science and engineering, C.B. Carter & M.G. Norton, Springer, 2007
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Why ceramics?Good combination ofhigh-performanceproperties fordemanding applications
Ceramics vs. Steel (metals) vs. Polymers
coorstek.com
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Most renowned ceramics
coorstek.com
Typical nomenclature in ceramics oxides
α-Al2O3 = aluminum oxide = alumina (It. Allumìna)
SiO2 = silicon oxide = silica (It. sìlice)
CeO2 = cerium oxide = ceria (It. cèria)
ZrO2 = zirconium oxide = zirconia (It. zircònia)
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
New or ancient materials?
• Some earthenware objects have been produced around24.000 BC (in Czeck Republic)
• Pottery dates back 20.000 BC (China)
• Glass objects have been found in Egypt (VII milleniumBC) and in Mesopotamia (III millennium BC) VenusofVestonice
ca.24.000BC
Homosapiens
600.000 BC
Homoneanderthalensis
30.000 BC
First mesopotamiccivilizations
6.000 BC
Copper Age5.000 BC
Iron Age1.500 BC
Stone Age10.000 BC
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Raw materials
• Relative abundance of chemicalelements on earth crust (“sial”)
• Minerals (oxides)silicates & alumino-silicates
“clays”
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
oxygen
silicon
aluminum iro
n
calcium
sodium
potassium
magnesium
titanium
hydrogen
phosphorous
manganese
Rela
tive
abun
danc
e (
ppm
)
terracottabricksporcelainearthenware….
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
New technologies
The American ceramic society 100 years, The American ceramic society publ., USA, 1998
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
A huge amount of applicationsPlease,visit ceramtec.com,redco-cermics.com,htc-ceramics.com,formceram.de,morgantechnicalceramics.com etc.
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Ceramics’ market in USA & EU27
55% glass17% advanced ceramics10% traditional ceramics for domestic uses9% ceramic enamels7% refractories2% traditional ceramics for buildings
Total = $ 60x109
36% substrates for electronics, dielectrics23% other ceramics for electronics13% other12% porcelain for electrical uses8% structural ceramics and bioceramics8% optical fibres
Value (2010):€2.6 billion ($3.2 billion) in Europe$1.7 billion (€1.4 billion) in USA
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Syllabus of the course
Aftercompletingthiscoursestudentswillbeableto know,compareandselectthefundamentalpropertiesandcharacteristicsofceramics fortheirspecificapplicationswithreferencetotheircomposition,microstructureandproductiontechnique.
Morespecificallystudentswillbeableto:- summarize,evaluateandselecttheproperprocessingtechnology forproducingceramiccomponents- summarize,evaluateandmodifythebehaviour andphysical/reological propertiesofpowdersystemsandcolloidalsuspensions usefultoformaceramicarticle- summarizeandanalyzethepowderssintering/densificationphenomenon eveninpresenceofspecificadditives- exemplifyandanalyzethemechanicalbehaviorandthefundamentalelectricalproperties ofceramicsasfunctionoftheircompositionandmicrostructureandsummarizethefundamentalapplications- comparethefundamentalceramicmaterialsusedinbiomedicine
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Program of the course• Introduction• Basic substances and systems: oxides, silicates, carbonates; crystalline systems;
phase diagrams• Raw materials: industrial minerals and synthetic products• Powders and solvents: granulometry, surface tension, fundamental physical properties• Ceramic suspensions: double electric layer, stability of suspensions• Ceramic slurries and rheological properties: viscosity, shear resistance• Forming technologies: powder granulation, pressing, slip casting, tape casting,
extrusion, injection molding• Drying and pre-sintering processes; thermal analyses• Sintering: solid state sintering, viscous sintering, liquid
phase sintering; hot pressing; porosity evolution andgrain growth
• Furnaces for ceramics• Production of thin films and monocrystals• Mechanical properties of ceramics; toughening
mechanisms and related applications• Bioceramics• Electrical and electronic properties of ceramics
(conduction, polarization, magnetism); applications
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Background “required”
• Chemistry: periodic table, chemical bonds, orbitals, solutions, acids
and bases, free energy (enthalpy & entropy), chemical reactions
• Physics: phase transition, latent heat, surface tension/energy,
viscosity
• Solid mechanics: stress/ strain, elastic modulus,
tension, bending, compression, shear
• Materials science: crystals, defects, grain
boundary, phase transitions /phase diagrams,
basic materials sample preparation, basic
characterization techniques (OM, SEM,
TEM, XRD)
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Organization of the course
• Lessons / lectures (≈60 h) given with slides that will be made availablethrough the teacher’s website
• Laboratory activities (≈30 h) not mandatory – regarding the production and characterization of ceramic components (in small groups, tutors Dr. Marco Nardi & Vittorio Zanazzi) – with final written or “oral” individual report (to be finished & delivered to prof. VMS by March 31, 2019 at the latest)
Please, send (ASAP) an email to [email protected] or [email protected] (no matricola number) for future communications (absences, exams, lab activities etc.)!
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Verification of learningIn order to pass the exam, the student is required to:
- complete one written test during the course (or at the exam date) includingthe resolution of practical problems, some ability questions and calculations
- produce a written laboratory activity report (to be delivered by March 31, 2019) to evaluate the acquired competences and skills on data analysis (if lab activities have been attended)
- pass a final oral exam to verify the knowledge/competences acquiredduring the course: the student is required to explain the arguments by using proper scientific/technological language, correlate, discuss and analyse the different topics of the course
The final score (grade) is the average of the three achieved scores; if the lab activity report is not provided the maximum score is 26/30
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Suggestions for passing the exam…• Attend lectures and take notes*
• Read/study the notes at home and compare/go in depth throughthe suggested books (copy of specific chapters, covering the entire program, will be made available)
• Do the homeworks proposed during the semester
• Participate actively to laboratoryactivities (perform the experiments, testsand analyses, get any possible informationon raw materials - equipments- procedures, collect data and analyzethem critically)
* Unless notes are constantly and correctlytaken in class, slides’ reading is typicallynot enough!
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Bibliography
• Ceramic materials: science and engineeringC.B. Carter & M.G. Norton, Springer, 2007
• Ceramic processingM.N. Rahaman, Taylor & Francis, 2007
• Introduction to ceramicsW. D. Kingery, H. K. Bowen and D. R. Uhlmann, J. Wiley & Sons, 1975
• Principles of ceramics processing, 2nd editionJ. S. Reed, J. Wiley & Sons, 1995
• An introduction to the mechanical properties of ceramicsD. J. Green, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998
• Web sites:www.sglavo.it, www.ceramics.org, ………..
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday08:30
Ceramic materials engineeringSglavoVincenzoMaria
AulaB105[Dipartimenti-POVO]
08:30- 11:30Lezione
09:00
09:30
Ceramic materials engineeringSglavoVincenzoMaria
AulaA212[Dipartimenti-POVO]
09:30- 12:30Lezione
10:00
10:30
11:00
11:30
12:00
14:30
15:00
15:30
16:00
16:30Ceramic materials engineering
SglavoVincenzoMariaAulaA212[Dipartimenti-
POVO]16:30- 18:30Lezione
17:00
17:30
18:00
Weekly timetableStarting ≈ November (for lab activities)
V.M. Sglavo – CerMatEng - UNITN 2018
Semester program
Lab activitiesstart
Homeworksprovided
Written test
Lab activitiesfinish
DEADLINE for lab activitiy report to be
deliveredCoursebegins