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Quy phạm phân cấp và giám sát kỹ thuật hệ thống đường ống biểnTRANSCRIPT
- 1. TCVNtiu chun quc giatcvn 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 Xut bn ln 2Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Rules for Classification and Technical Supervision of Subsea Pipeline Systemh ni - 20071
2. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:20072 3. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007Li ni u B tiu chun Quc gia t TCVN 6475-1: 2007 n TCVN 6475-13:2007 thay th cho TCVN 6475: 1999. B tiu chun Quc gia t TCVN 6475-1: 2007 n TCVN 6475 13: 2007 Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin do Cc ng kim Vit Nam v Ban K thut tiu chun TCVN/TC8 - ng tu v Cng trnh bin - phi hp bin son, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.3 4. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007Li gii thiu H thng quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin c bin son trn c s TCVN 6475: 1999 v cc ti liu chnh sau: DNV-OSS-F301: Certification and Verification of Pipelines (Chng nhn v kim tra h thng ng ng bin - ng kim Nauy);Offshore Standard - DNV-OS-F101 - Submarine Pipeline Systems (H thng ng ng bin ng kim Nauy);DNV RP E305 On-bottom Stability Design of Submarine Pipelines (Thit k n nh y bin ca h thng ng ng bin - ng kim Nauy);DNV RP B401: Cathodic Protection Design (Thit k bo v ca tt);DNV Guideline 13: Interference Between Trawl Gear and Pipelines (Hng dn 13: Tng tc gia li nh c v ng ng - ng kim Nauy);DNV Guideline 14: Free Spanning Pipelines (Hng dn 14: Nhp hng ca ng ng - ng kim Nauy);ABS Guide for Building and Classing: Subsea Pipeline Systems and Riser (Hng dn phn cp v ch to: H thng ng ng bin v ng ng - ng kim Hoa K);H thng quy phm ny bao gm 13 tiu chun Quc gia t TCVN 6475-1: 2007 n TCVN 647513:2007: 1. TCVN 6475-1: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 1: Quy nh chung. 2. TCVN 6475-2: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 2: Phn cp h thng ng ng bin 3. TCVN 6475-3: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 3. nh gi cp li giy chng nhn 4. TCVN 6475-4: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 4. Nguyn tc thit k 5. TCVN 6475-5: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 5. C s thit k 6. TCVN 6475-6: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 6. Ti trng 4 5. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 7. TCVN 6475-7: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 7. Ch tiu thit k 8. TCVN 6475-8: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 8. ng ng 9. TCVN 6475-9: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 9. Cc b phn ca ng ng v lp rp 10. TCVN 6475-10: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 10. Chng n mn v bc gia ti 11. TCVN 6475-11: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 11. Lp t 12. TCVN 6475-12: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 12. Hn 13. TCVN 6475-13: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 13. Kim tra khng ph hy5 6. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 Mc lc Li ni u.... 3 Li gii thiu..... 4 TCVN 6475-1: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 1: Quy nh chung. 1. Phm vi p dng .............................................................................................................. 31 2. Ti liu vin dn......................................................................................................... 32 3. i tng gim st ca ng kim .................................................................................. 32 4. Tin trnh thc hin phn cp........................................................................................... 33 5. Nguyn tc gim st k thut........................................................................................... 33 5.1. Quy nh chung v gim st k thut ............................................................................... 33 5.2. Gim st trc tip ............................................................................................................. 35 5.3. Gim st gin tip ............................................................................................................ 35 5.4. Gim st k thut theo ri ro ....................................................................................... 36 5.5. La chn mc gim st k thut ...................................................................................... 38 6. Thut ng, gii thch v k hiu........................................................................................ 40 6.1. Thut ng v gii thch ........................................................................................................ 40 6.2. Cc k hiu v vit tt ......................................................................................................... 47 TCVN 6475-2: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 2: Phn cp h thng ng ng bin 1. Phm vi p dng .........................................................................................................................53 2. Ti liu vin dn.....................................................................................................................53 3. iu kin phn cp ng ng ...............................................................................................54 4. Cp ca ng ng......................................................................................................................54 4.1. K hiu cp ...............................................................................................................................54 4.2. Ghi ch cp ..................................................................................................................................54 6 7. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 5. Gim st k thut trong giai on thit k s b .........................................................................55 6. Phn cp .....................................................................................................................................55 6.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................55 6.2. H s k thut ..............................................................................................................................56 6.2.1. Quy nh chung .........................................................................................................................56 6.2.2. C s thit k v thit k chi tit............................................................................................56 6.2.3. Ch to ng ng v b phn ng ng ...............................................................................60 6.2.4. H thng kim sot n mn v ch to lp bc gia ti .............................................................61 6.2.5. Lp t v chy th ...................................................................................................................62 6.2.6. Vn hnh ...............................................................................................................................62 6.2.7. S khai thc............................................................................................................................63 6.3. Phn cp trong qu trnh duyt thit k .......................................................................................63 6.3.1. Duyt thit k......................................................................................................................63 6.3.2. Duyt thit k mc thp.......................................................................................................65 6.3.3. Duyt thit k mc va .......................................................................................................65 6.3.4. Duyt thit k mc cao .......................................................................................................65 6.3.5. Ni dung duyt thit k..........................................................................................................65 6.4. Gim st k thut trong qu trnh ch to mi ..........................................................................74 6.4.1. Quy nh chung .........................................................................................................................75 6.4.2. Gim st k thut, kim tra trong qu trnh ch to ................................................................. 76 6.4.3. Gim st k thut, kim tra trong ch to mc thp ............................................................. 80 6.4.4. Gim st k thut, kim tra trong ch to mc va................................................................ 80 6.4.5. Gim st k thut, kim tra trong ch to mc cao................................................................ 81 6.4.6. BIn bn kim tra cui cng .................................................................................................... 81 6.4.7. Ni dung gim st k thut, kim tra trong ch to.................................................................. 817 8. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 6.5. Kim tra phn cp i vi cc ng ng hin c..................................................................... 114 6.6. H s phn cp ........................................................................................................................ 114 6.6.1. Quy nh chung...................................................................................................................... 114 6.6.2. H s phn cp trong cc giai on ca d n...................................................................... 115 6.6.3. Hiu lc ca h s phn cp.................................................................................................. 116 6.6.4. Giy chng nhn phn cp ................................................................................................... 116 6.6.5. Giy chng nhn giai on .................................................................................................... 117 6.6.6. Bo co kim tra .................................................................................................................... 117 6.6.7. Thng bo v hot ng gim st k thut, kim tra ............................................................. 118 6.6.8. Bo co tham d kim tra (Visit reports)................................................................................. 118 6.6.9. Cp giy chng nhn ............................................................................................................. 118 7. Cc yu cu v vn hnh, kim tra v sa cha...................................................................... 119 7.1. Quy nh chung ......................................................................................................................... 119 7.1.1. Cc quy trnh........................................................................................................................... 119 7.1.2. H s ng ng ang vn hnh............................................................................................ 120 7.1.3. Vn hnh............................................................................................................................. 120 7.1.4. Nguyn tc theo di v kim tra ............................................................................................ 122 7.1.5. Thm nh khai thc............................................................................................................... 122 7.1.6. Kim tra bt thng................................................................................................................ 122 7.2. Kho st cu hnh ng ng ....................................................................................................123 7.2.1. Quy nh chung ......................................................................................................................123 7.2.2. Chng trnh kim tra .............................................................................................................123 7.3. Kim tra v theo di n mn bn ngoi .....................................................................................125 7.3.1. Quy nh chung .......................................................................................................................125 7.3.2. ng ng trong vng c mc nc bin i v vng kh quyn...........................................1268 9. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 7.3.3. ng ng v ng ng trong vng ngp nc ..................................................................126 7.4. Kim tra v theo di n mn bn trong ......................................................................................126 7.4.1. Quy nh chung .......................................................................................................................127 7.4.2. Kim tra n mn ......................................................................................................................127 7.4.3. Theo di n mn......................................................................................................................128 7.5. Khuyt tt v sa cha...............................................................................................................128 7.5.1. Quy nh chung .......................................................................................................................128 7.5.2. Mt n nh tng th.............................................................................................................130 7.5.3. Cc rnh, l, nt v vt kha ...................................................................................................130 7.5.4. Cc khuyt tt do khuyt kim loi.........................................................................................130 7.5.5. Vt lm ................................................................................................................................130 7.5.6. R r .....................................................................................................................................130 7.5.7. Sa cha bng hn .................................................................................................................131 8. Duy tr hiu lc ca giy chng nhn ........................................................................................131 8.1. Quy nh chung ..........................................................................................................................131 8.2. Duy tr hiu lc ca giy chng nhn .........................................................................................132 8.3. Gim st k thut, kim tra trong qu trnh khai thc..................................................................133 8.4. Ngha v ca ch ng ng .....................................................................................................134 8.5. H s phn cp trong khai thc .................................................................................................135 TCVN 6475-3: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 3: nh gi cp li giy chng nhn 1. Quy nh chung .........................................................................................................................137 1.1. Phm vi p dng ........................................................................................................................137 1.2. Ti liu vin dn...................................................................................................................138 1.3. S p dng tiu chun khi nh gi cp li giy chng nhn ..............................................1389 10. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 1.4. Ko di thi gian s dng ng ng.........................................................................................139 1.4.1. Quy nh chung ...................................................................................................................139 1.4.2. Xem xt cc ti liu thit k..................................................................................................140 1.4.3. Kim tra ...............................................................................................................................140 1.4.4. Phn tch bn......................................................................................................................140 1.4.5. Tin hnh sa cha/ kim tra li..........................................................................................141 2. Ch tiu thit k ..........................................................................................................................141 2.1. Quy nh chung ..........................................................................................................................141 2.2. Th p lc h thng ...................................................................................................................141 2.3. S thoi ho ...............................................................................................................................141 TCVN 6475-4: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 4: Nguyn tc thit k 1. Phm vi p dng ...............................................................................................................................143 2. Ti liu vin dn..........................................................................................................................143 3. Nguyn tc an ton ..........................................................................................................................143 3.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................143 3.2. Mc tiu an ton.............................................................................................................................144 3.3. Xem xt c h thng ......................................................................................................................145 3.4. Phng php xc nh cp an ton................................................................................................145 3.5. m bo cht lng ......................................................................................................................145 4. La chn phng php thit k.........................................................................................................146 4.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................146 4.2. Phn loi sn phm cht lng dn trong ng ng......................................................................146 4.3. Cp v tr ........................................................................................................................................147 4.4. Cc cp an ton ............................................................................................................................14710 11. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 4.5. Phng php h s an ton ring phn ........................................................................................148 4.6. nh gi tin cy ........................................................................................................................149 TCVN 6475-5: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 5: C s thit k 1. Phm vi p dng ...............................................................................................................................143 2. Ti liu vin dn..........................................................................................................................143 3. Nguyn tc an ton ..........................................................................................................................143 3.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................143 3.2. Mc tiu an ton.............................................................................................................................144 3.3. Xem xt c h thng ......................................................................................................................145 3.4. Phng php xc nh cp an ton................................................................................................145 3.5. m bo cht lng ......................................................................................................................145 4. La chn phng php thit k.........................................................................................................146 4.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................146 4.2. Phn loi sn phm cht lng dn trong ng ng......................................................................146 4.3. Cp v tr ........................................................................................................................................147 4.4. Cc cp an ton ............................................................................................................................147 4.5. Phng php h s an ton ring phn ........................................................................................148 4.6. nh gi tin cy .......................................................................................................................149 TCVN 6475-6: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 6: Ti trng 1. Quy nh chung ................................................................................................................................163 2. Ti liu vin dn..........................................................................................................................164 3. Ti trng chc nng ..........................................................................................................................164 3.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................16411 12. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 3.2. Cc hiu ng ti trng c trng ...................................................................................................165 4. Ti trng mi trng .........................................................................................................................165 4.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................165 4.2. Ti trng gi ..................................................................................................................................165 4.3. Ti trng thu ng .......................................................................................................................166 4.4. Ti trng do sng v dng chy.....................................................................................................166 4.5. Cc hiu ng ca ti trng c trng .............................................................................................168 5. Ti trng xy lp................................................................................................................................169 6. Ti trng s c ..................................................................................................................................170 7. Cc ti trng khc .............................................................................................................................171 7.1. Ti trng do li nh c................................................................................................................171 7.2. ng t.........................................................................................................................................172 TCVN 6475-7: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 7: Ch tiu thit k 1. Phm vi p dng ...............................................................................................................................173 2. Ti liu vin dn..........................................................................................................................173 3. Cc nguyn tc thit k v vt liu ...................................................................................................174 3.1. B tr ng ng.............................................................................................................................174 3.2. Th p lc ti nh my v th p lc h thng ..............................................................................176 3.3. Chiu dy thnh ng ti thiu ........................................................................................................177 3.4. La chn vt liu ...........................................................................................................................177 3.5. Cc tnh cht c trng ca vt liu ..............................................................................................179 3.6. D tr n mn ...............................................................................................................................181 4. Tnh ton ti trng v kh nng chu lc ..........................................................................................182 4.1. Cc iu kin ti trng ..................................................................................................................18212 13. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 4.2. Tnh ton hiu ng ti trng ..........................................................................................................182 4.3. dy thnh ng c trng...........................................................................................................184 4.4. Tnh ton ng sut v bin dng....................................................................................................185 5. Cc trng thi gii hn ......................................................................................................................186 5.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................187 5.2. nh dng trng thi gii hn .........................................................................................................188 5.3. H s hiu ng ti trng v t hp ti trng ...................................................................................190 5.4. Kh nng chu p lc (n) ..............................................................................................................192 5.5. Mt n nh cc b.........................................................................................................................192 5.6. Mt n nh tng th ......................................................................................................................198 5.7. Mi .................................................................................................................................................199 5.8. van ca ng ...........................................................................................................................201 5.9. Bin dng do tch ly....................................................................................................................202 5.10. Nt gy.................................................................................................................................. ..203 5.11. Trng thi gii hn s c........................................................................................................ .204 6. Cc vn cn c bit quan tm ............................................................................................ ..205 6.1. Tng tc gia t v ng ............................................................................................................ 205 6.2. Nhp hng ca ng ng/ ng ng ........................................................................................ 205 6.3. n nh y bin .......................................................................................................................... 216 6.4. Tng tc vi li nh c............................................................................................................ 221 6.5. Cc ti trng khc, vt ri.......................................................................................................... 225 6.6. Bc cch nhit .............................................................................................................................. 225 6.7. ng lng trong ng v b ng .................................................................................................. .226 7. Cc b phn v ph tng ca ng ng.................................................................................. ...226 8. Kt cu ....................................................................................................................................... 22613 14. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 8.1. Kt cu ng ng .................................................................................................................... 226 8.2. Cc ng ch J............................................................................................................................... 226 8.3. Tnh n nh ca si ..................................................................................................................... 227 9. Lp t v sa cha ........................................................................................................................ 227 9.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 227 9.2. thng ca ng ......................................................................................................................... 228 9.3. Lp bc.......................................................................................................................................... 229 TCVN 6475-8: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 8: ng ng 1. Quy nh chung ................................................................................................................................231 1.1. Phm vi p dng ...........................................................................................................................231 1.2. Bn ghi cc c tnh k thut ca vt liu .....................................................................................231 1.3. Chng nhn trc vt liu v nh ch to.....................................................................................232 1.4. Qu trnh ch to...........................................................................................................................232 2. Ti liu vin dn.........................................................................................................................233 3. K hiu ca ng ..............................................................................................................................234 3.1. Cp NDT ca ng ........................................................................................................................234 3.2. Cc yu cu b sung ...................................................................................................................234 3.3. K hiu ng ..................................................................................................................................235 4. Th tnh cht c hc.........................................................................................................................236 4.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................236 4.2. La chn v chun b mu th .....................................................................................................236 4.3. Phn tch thnh phn ha hc .....................................................................................................237 4.4. Th ko ........................................................................................................................................237 4.5. Th un ........................................................................................................................................23914 15. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 4.6. Th dai va p vi vt ct ch V ...........................................................................................241 4.7. Th vt x do vt ri (Drop weight tear test) ..............................................................................242 4.8. Th dai gy ...........................................................................................................................242 4.9. Th bn ct ...........................................................................................................................244 4.10. Kim tra cu trc kim loi v th cng.....................................................................................244 4.11. Th bin dng gi ho vt liu c bn..........................................................................................247 5. Th n mn ......................................................................................................................................247 5.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................247 5.2. Th n mn r .............................................................................................................................. 248 5.3. Th nt do p sut hyro............................................................................................................... 249 6. Cc c tnh ca vt liu ................................................................................................................. 249 6.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 249 6.2. ng thp cc bon mng gan (C-Mn) ......................................................................................... 250 6.3. Thp ferrit-austenit (Thp duplex) ................................................................................................ 255 6.4. ng ng bng cc loi thp khng g khc v hp kim Ni chng n mn ................................ 257 6.5. ng ng thp c lp ph/lp lt................................................................................................. 258 6.6. Tnh hn......................................................................................................................................... 260 7. Cc yu cu b sung................................................................................................................. 261 7.1. Cc yu cu b sung S, ng ng vn chuyn cht c cha kh chua ...................................... 261 7.2. Cc yu cu b sung F, cc tnh cht hm gy............................................................................. 264 7.3. Cc yu cu b sung P, ng ng chu bin dng do .............................................................. 266 7.4. Cc yu cu b sung D, kch thc .............................................................................................. 267 7.5. Cc yu cu b sung U, h s s dng cao.................................................................................. 267 8. Qu trnh ch to ............................................................................................................................. 269 8.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 26915 16. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 8.2. c tnh k thut ca quy trnh ch to (MPS) v chng nhn..................................................... 269 8.3. Luyn thp.................................................................................................................................... 271 8.4. Quy trnh ch to tm (plate and strip) ......................................................................................... 271 8.5. Qu trnh ch to ng ng ........................................................................................................ 272 8.6. Phn tch thnh phn ha hc....................................................................................................... 275 8.7. Th tnh cht c hc v tnh chng n mn................................................................................... 275 8.8. Kim tra khng ph hy................................................................................................................. 280 8.9. Kim tra bng mt thng, trnh tay ngh th v sa cha cc khuyt tt. ............................. 282 8.10. Th p lc ti nh my ................................................................................................................284 8.11. Kch thc, khi lng v chiu di .............................................................................................285 TCVN 6475-9: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 9: Cc b phn ca ng ng v lp rp 1. Phm vi p dng ...............................................................................................................................291 2. Ti liu vin dn..........................................................................................................................291 3. Cc yu cu i vi thit k cc b phn ng ng........................................................................292 3.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................292 3.2. La chn vt liu ...........................................................................................................................294 3.3. Cc u ni bng mt bch v cc u ni c kh. ........................................................................295 3.4. Bu lng ..........................................................................................................................................295 3.5. Van................................................................................................................................................297 3.6. Bnh chu p lc.............................................................................................................................298 3.7. Cc b phn c ch to bng phng php hn .....................................................................298 3.8. Cc mi ni cch in...................................................................................................................299 3.9. Cc hng mc kt cu ..................................................................................................................299 4. Vt liu v bn ghi c tnh k thut ca qu trnh ch to cc b phn ng ng. ......................30016 17. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 4.1. Cc c tnh c hc.......................................................................................................................300 4.2. Ch to v th nghim .................................................................................................................300 5. Vt liu dng cho cc b phn rn, c v to hnh nng ..............................................................301 5.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................301 5.2. Cc b phn bng thp C- Mn hp kim thp ...............................................................................302 5.3. Cc b phn bng thp fert Austernit (duplex), thp khng g khc v hp kim niken chng n mn (CRA). ...........................................................................................................................................304 5.4. Nhit luyn. ....................................................................................................................................304 6. Qu trnh to hnh nng, rn, c v x l nhit................................................................................304 6.1. To hnh nng ................................................................................................................................304 6.2. Rn.................................................................................................................................................305 6.3. c ............................................................................................................................................... 305 6.4. X l nhit...................................................................................................................................... 305 7. Qu trnh ch to cc b phn, thit b v hng mc kt cu.......................................................... 306 7.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 306 7.2. Ch to cc mt bch..................................................................................................................... 307 7.3. Ch to van ............................................................................................................................... 308 7.4. Ch to cc thit b v cc b phn chu p lc bng phng php hn. ................................. 308 7.5. Ch to cc thit b v b phn khc. ....................................................................................... 308 7.6. Ch to cc chi tit kt cu ....................................................................................................... 309 7.7. Th tnh cht c hc cho cc b phn to hnh nng, c v rn. ............................................ 309 8. Ch to cc ng cong (Bend)....................................................................................................... 310 8.1. Quy nh chung. ....................................................................................................................... 310 8.2. ng m dng cho cc ng dng c nc bin. ........................................................................... 312 8.3. Nhit luyn sau khi un. ........................................................................................................... 31217 18. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 8.4. Chng nhn quy trnh un ........................................................................................................ 313 8.5. Un v nhit luyn sau khi un ................................................................................................ 317 8.6. Kim tra khng ph hu v kim tra bng th gic..................................................................... 317 8.7. Kim tra trong ch to cc ng cong......................................................................................... 318 8.8. Kch thc, dung sai .................................................................................................................. 320 9. Ch to cc ng ng, cc vng ng dn n, cc on ng cun (reeling) v ko (towing)321 9.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 321 9.2. Vt liu dng cho cc ng ng, cc vng ng dn n, cc on ng cun (reeling) v ko (towing)................................................................................................................................................. 321 9.3. Quy trnh ch to .......................................................................................................................... 321 9.4. Nhn vt liu, nhn dng v truy tm vt liu................................................................................. 322 9.5. Ct, to hnh, lp rp, hn v x l nhit........................................................................................322 9.6. Th thy tnh ..................................................................................................................................323 9.7. Kim tra bng th gic v kim tra khng ph hy .........................................................................324 9.8. Kim tra kch thc.........................................................................................................................324 9.9. Bo v chng n mn ....................................................................................................................324 TCVN 6475-10: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 10: Chng n mn v bc gia ti 1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................... 325 1.1. Phm vi p dng........................................................................................................................... 325 1.2. nh ngha .................................................................................................................................... 325 2. Ti liu vin dn ........................................................................................................................ 326 3. Nguyn l chung kim sot n mn trong thit k...................................................................... 326 3.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 326 3.2. nh gi cc bin php chng n mn ........................................................................................ 32718 19. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 4. Bc ngoi ng................................................................................................................................... 327 4.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 327 4.2. Cc yu cu i vi cng tc ch to lp bc .............................................................................. 329 4.3. Cc yu cu i vi H thng bc polypropylene hoc Polyethylene 3 lp ................................. 334 5. Bc ng ng c bit..................................................................................................................... 336 5.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 336 5.2. Vt liu bc, chun b b mt v bc............................................................................................ 337 6. Bc mi ni hin trng................................................................................................................... 337 6.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 337 6.2. Vt liu bc, chun b b mt v bc............................................................................................ 338 7. Bc b tng gia ti........................................................................................................................... 339 7.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 339 7.2. Vt liu lm b tng v ch to lp bc......................................................................................... 339 7.3. Kim tra v th nghim.................................................................................................................. 341 8. Thit k bo v catt ....................................................................................................................... 341 8.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 341 8.2. Thng s thit k v tnh ton ...................................................................................................... 342 9. Ch to v lp t ant t hu .........................................................................................................343 9.1. Ch to ant...................................................................................................................................343 9.2. Lp t ant ..................................................................................................................................343 10. Thit k, ch to lp bo v chng n mn bn trong ...................................................................344 10.1. Quy nh chung ...........................................................................................................................344 10.2. Bo v chng n mn bn trong bng cch x l dung cht ......................................................344 10.3. Bo v chng n mn bn trong bng cch s dng ng bng hp kim chng n mn (CRA)..345 10.4. Bo v chng n mn bn trong bng lp bc hoc lp lt hu c ............................................34519 20. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 10.5. Bo v chng n mn bn trong bng cch x l ho hc .........................................................345 A1. Xem xt chung trong thit k .........................................................................................................347 A1.1. Quy nh chung ...........................................................................................................................347 A1.2. in th bo v ...........................................................................................................................347 A1.3. Vt liu ch to ant hy sinh .......................................................................................................347 A1.4. Hnh dng ant.............................................................................................................................348 A1.5. S dng lp bc kt hp vi bo v catt ...................................................................................349 A2. Cc thng s thit k .....................................................................................................................349 A2.1. Quy nh chung ...........................................................................................................................349 A2.2. Tui th thit k............................................................................................................................349 A2.3. Mt dng in thit k.............................................................................................................350 A2.4. H s suy gim lp bc v sn ph ............................................................................................351 A2.5. Lp bc ng ng .....................................................................................................................353 A2.6. Cng thc in tr cho ant ........................................................................................................353 A2.7. in tr sut.................................................................................................................................355 A2.8. H s s dng ant .....................................................................................................................356 A3. Cc bc thit k ...........................................................................................................................357 A3.1. Phn loi vt c bo v .......................................................................................................... 357 A3.2. Tnh ton din tch b mt .......................................................................................................... 357 A3.3. Tnh ton dng in cn thit ..................................................................................................... 357 A3.4. La chn loi v kch thc ant ................................................................................................ 358 A3.5. Tnh ton khi lng ant ........................................................................................................... 358 A3.6. Tnh ton s lng ant .............................................................................................................. 358 A3.7. Thit k ant chi tit ................................................................................................................... 359 A3.8. B tr ant ................................................................................................................................... 36020 21. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 TCVN 6475-11: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 11: Lp t 1. Quy nh chung ................................................................................................................................361 1.1. Phm vi p dng ...........................................................................................................................361 1.2. Phn tch hu qu ca cc loi h hng (FMEA) v nghin cu mc nguy him v kh nng vn hnh c(HAZOP)........................................................................................................................361 1.3. Cc bn v v chi tit k thut cho lp t v th...........................................................................361 1.4. S tay lp t .................................................................................................................................362 1.5. Hn.................................................................................................................................................363 1.6. Kim tra bng mt v kim tra khng ph hu (NDT)....................................................................364 1.7. Th ch to ....................................................................................................................................365 2. Ti liu vin dn..........................................................................................................................366 3. Tuyn ng, kho st v chun b ......................................................................................................367 3.1. Kho st tuyn trc khi lp t.....................................................................................................367 3.2. Chun b y bin ..........................................................................................................................367 3.3. Giao ct ng ng v cp ............................................................................................................368 3.4. Chun b tip cn vo b ...............................................................................................................368 4. Cc hot ng trn bin....................................................................................................................369 4.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................369 4.2. Tu ri ng ....................................................................................................................................369 4.3. Cc h thng neo, kiu neo v nh v neo ...................................................................................370 4.4. Cc h thng nh v .....................................................................................................................370 4.5. H thng nh v ng ...................................................................................................................371 4.6. Cn trc v cc thit b nng.........................................................................................................372 5. Lp t ng ng ...........................................................................................................................37221 22. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 5.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................372 5.2. S tay lp t................................................................................................................................. 372 5.3. Xt duyt, chng nhn s tay lp t, cc tham s quan trng v tnh hiu lc ca chng ..... 374 5.4. Trng thi gii hn hot ng........................................................................................................ 376 5.5. Quy trnh lp t ........................................................................................................................... 376 5.6. Quy trnh khn cp ....................................................................................................................... 376 5.7. B tr tu ri ng, thit b ri ng v dng c ................................................................................ 377 5.8. Cc yu cu lp t....................................................................................................................... 380 6. Cc yu cu b sung i vi cc phng php lp t gy bin dng do..................................... 381 6.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 381 6.2. S tay lp t................................................................................................................................. 382 6.3. Chng nhn s tay lp t............................................................................................................. 382 6.4. Quy trnh lp t ........................................................................................................................... 383 6.5. Cc yu cu lp t...................................................................................................................... 383 7. Lp t ng ng bng phng php ko..................................................................................... 384 7.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 384 7.2. S tay lp t................................................................................................................................ 384 7.3. Chng nhn s tay lp t............................................................................................................ 385 7.4. Trng thi gii hn hot ng....................................................................................................... 385 7.5. Quy trnh lp t ........................................................................................................................... 385 7.6. Cc quy trnh khn cp................................................................................................................. 385 7.7. B tr, thit b v dng c .............................................................................................................. 386 7.8. Ko v lp t on ng............................................................................................................... 386 8. Cc phng php lp t khc........................................................................................................ 386 8.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 38622 23. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 9. Ko b (Shore pull).......................................................................................................................... 387 9.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................387 9.2. S tay lp t ................................................................................................................................387 9.3. Chng nhn s tay lp t ............................................................................................................387 9.4. Trng thi gii hn hot ng .......................................................................................................387 9.5. Quy trnh lp t.............................................................................................................................387 9.6. Quy trnh khn cp ........................................................................................................................388 9.7. B tr, thit b v dng c................................................................................................................388 9.8. Cc yu cu lp t .......................................................................................................................389 10. Cc hot ng ni ghp (tie-in).......................................................................................................389 10.1. Quy nh chung ...........................................................................................................................389 10.2. S tay lp t...............................................................................................................................389 10.3. Chng nhn s tay lp t...........................................................................................................389 10.4. Trng thi gii hn hot ng......................................................................................................390 10.5. Quy trnh ni ghp ......................................................................................................................390 10.6. Quy trnh khn cp .....................................................................................................................390 10.7. Hot ng ni ghp trn mt nc .............................................................................................390 10.8. Hot ng ni ghp di mt nc..............................................................................................391 11. Kho st khi ri ng .......................................................................................................................391 11.1. Quy nh chung ...........................................................................................................................391 11.2. Bn ghi cc chi tit k thut cho vic kho st khi ri ng ...........................................................391 11.3. Kho st khi ri ng......................................................................................................................392 11.4. Kho st h thng bo v n mn khi ri ng .............................................................................392 12. Sa cha nhp hng v bo v ng ng......................................................................................392 12.1. Quy nh chung ...........................................................................................................................39223 24. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 12.2. Sa cha nhp hng.....................................................................................................................393 12.3. o ho ...................................................................................................................................... 393 12.4. si sau khi lp t.................................................................................................................. 394 12.5. Cc bao ct (va) v tm m b tng....................................................................................... 395 13. Lp t cc kt cu neo v bo v................................................................................................ 396 13.1. Quy nh chung........................................................................................................................... 396 14. Lp t cc ng ng .................................................................................................................... 396 14.1. Quy nh chung........................................................................................................................... 396 14.2. S tay lp t ............................................................................................................................. 396 14.3. Chng nhn s tay lp t ......................................................................................................... 397 14.4. Cc trng thi gii hn hot ng .............................................................................................. 397 14.5. Cc quy trnh khn cp .............................................................................................................. 397 14.6. Cc yu cu lp t ................................................................................................................... 397 15. Kho st hon cng....................................................................................................................... 398 15.1. Quy nh chung........................................................................................................................... 398 15.2. Bn ghi cc chi tit k thut kho st hon cng......................................................................... 398 15.3. Cc yu cu i vi kho st hon cng ................................................................................... 399 15.4. Kim tra h thng bo v n mn catt dng cm ng ............................................................. 399 16. Th nghim cui cng v chun b cho khai thc.......................................................................... 399 16.1. Quy nh chung........................................................................................................................... 399 16.2. Bn ghi cc chi tit k thut th nghim cui cng v chun b cho khai thc............................ 400 16.3. Cc quy trnh dng cho th nghim cui cng v chun b cho khai thc ................................. 400 16.4. Lm sch v o c.................................................................................................................... 400 16.5. Th p lc h thng ................................................................................................................... 401 16.6. Lm sch, tho nc v sy kh ................................................................................................ 40424 25. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 16.7. Th h thng............................................................................................................................... 405 TCVN 6475-12: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 12: Hn 1. Phm vi p dng ...............................................................................................................................407 1.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................407 1.2. Cc qu trnh hn...........................................................................................................................407 2. Ti liu vin dn..........................................................................................................................408 3. Thit b hn, cc cng c v nhn s................................................................................................409 3.1. Thit b hn v cng c .................................................................................................................409 3.2. Nhn s..........................................................................................................................................409 4. Vt liu hn .......................................................................................................................................410 4.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................410 4.2. Thnh phn ho hc ......................................................................................................................411 4.3. Cc tnh cht c hc.......................................................................................................................411 4.4. Th l - Cc mi hn trn...............................................................................................................412 4.5. X l v bo qun vt liu hn. .....................................................................................................412 5. Quy trnh hn.....................................................................................................................................413 5.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................413 5.2. Bn ghi c tnh k thut quy trnh hn s b (pWPS)...................................................................414 5.3. Bo co chng nhn quy trnh hn (WPQR)..................................................................................414 5.4. Bn ghi c tnh k thut quy trnh hn (WPS) ..............................................................................415 5.5. WPS i vi hn sa cha ............................................................................................................415 5.6. Cc bin thin thng s quan trng trong cc quy trnh hn.....................................................415 6. Chng nhn quy trnh hn.................................................................................................................418 6.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................41825 26. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 6.2. Chng nhn quy trnh hn sa cha ..............................................................................................419 6.3. Chng nhn cc mi hn dc v mi hn xon c trn ng ng v b phn ng ng. .....420 6.4. Chng nhn cc mi hn trn trn ng ng, cc vng gin n v cc on ng ko............ 422 6.5. Chng nhn cc mi hn trn trong lp t v ni ghp (tie in) ................................................ 423 6.6. Chng nhn cc mi hn trn phi chu sc cng do tch lu. ................................................... 424 6.7. Chng nhn hn di nc cho cc mi ni ghp (tie in) ......................................................... 426 7. Th v kim tra................................................................................................................................. 426 7.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 426 7.2. Kim tra bng mt thng v kim tra khng ph hu ................................................................. 426 7.3. Th ph hu mi hn gip mp .................................................................................................... 426 7.4. Th ng sut sunphua gy nt ..................................................................................................... 430 7.5. Th tnh n mn v kim tra cu trc vi m................................................................................... 430 8. Ch to v cc yu cu v hn ....................................................................................................... 431 8.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 431 8.2. Hn ch to .................................................................................................................................. 431 8.3. Hn sa cha ............................................................................................................................... 432 8.4. X l nhit sau khi hn ................................................................................................................. 433 8.5. Hn ng ng v cc b phn ng ng.................................................................................. 433 8.6. Ch to ng ng, vng dn n v on ng ko................................................................... 433 8.7. Hn lp t v ni ghp................................................................................................................ 433 9. Cc yu cu c bit i vi vt liu v cc qu trnh hn.............................................................. 434 9.1. Thp cc bon c lp ph /lp lt bn trong ng ........................................................................... 434 9.2. Thp khng g duplex ................................................................................................................... 435 9.3. Thp khng g martensit (13 % Cr)............................................................................................... 435 TCVN 6475-13: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin26 27. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 Phn 13: Kim tra khng ph hy 1. Quy nh chung ................................................................................................................................437 1.1. Phm vi p dng ...........................................................................................................................437 1.2. Cc phng php kim tra khng ph hy ...................................................................................437 1.3. Cc quy trnh kim tra khng ph hy............................................................................................438 1.4. Chng nhn nhn s kim tra .......................................................................................................439 1.5. Bo co .........................................................................................................................................440 1.6. Thi gian thc hin NDT ................................................................................................................440 2. Ti liu vin dn..........................................................................................................................440 3. Kim tra khng ph hy th cng v kim tra bng mt thng cc mi hn..................................443 3.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................443 3.2. Kim tra bng k thut chp nh phng x....................................................................................443 3.3. Kim tra siu m ............................................................................................................................445 3.4. Kim tra bng cc ht t ................................................................................................................448 3.5. Kim tra cht lng thm thu .........................................................................................................449 3.6. Kim tra bng dng xoy ...............................................................................................................450 3.7. Kim tra bng mt thng..............................................................................................................452 4. Kim tra khng ph hy cc vt liu c bn v mi hn ph............................................................452 4.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................452 4.2. Kim tra cc tm v ng ................................................................................................................452 4.3. Vt liu rn ....................................................................................................................................453 4.4. Cc vt liu c.............................................................................................................................454 4.5. Cc mi hn ph ...........................................................................................................................455 5. Kim tra khng ph hy t ng ......................................................................................................455 5.1. Quy nh chung .............................................................................................................................45527 28. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 5.2. Kim tra siu m t ng.............................................................................................................. 455 6. Ch tiu chp nhn ca kim tra khng ph hy ............................................................................. 458 6.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 458 6.2. Ch tiu chp nhn da trn nh gi ti hn k thut (ECA)....................................................... 459 7. Kim tra khng ph hy cc tm v di ti nh my ch to .......................................................... 459 7.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 459 7.2. Kim tra siu m cc tm v di bng thp C-Mn v thp duplex ............................................... 459 7.3. Kim tra siu m tm v di c lp ph ....................................................................................... 461 8. Kim tra khng ph hy ng ti nh my ch to ng .................................................................... 461 8.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 462 8.2. Cc u ng cha c kim tra.................................................................................................. 462 8.3. Kim tra khng ph hy cn thc hin cho tt c cc ng .......................................................... 462 8.4. Kim tra khng ph hy i vi ng c lin................................................................................ 463 8.5. Kim tra khng ph hy cc ng hn h quang di lp tr dung (SAW).................................... 469 8.6. Kim tra khng ph hy th cng................................................................................................. 473 8.7. Kim tra khng ph hy cc mi hn sa cha trn ng ng. ................................................. 476 8.8. Kim tra bng mt thng cc mi hn trn ng ng............................................................... 476 9. Kim tra cc mi hn trn trong lp t, cc mi hn ca b phn ng ng v cc b phn chu p lc khc.................................................................................................................................... 477 9.1. Quy nh chung ............................................................................................................................ 477 9.2. Kim tra khng ph hy v kim tra bng mt thng ................................................................. 477 9.3. Ch tiu chp nhn......................................................................................................................... 478 9.4. Sa cha mi hn.......................................................................................................................... 484 10. Ch tiu chp nhn i vi cc b phn ng ng, thit b, cc hng mc kt cu, vt liu c bn v cc mi hn ph ...................................................................................................................... 48428 29. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:2007 10.1. Quy nh chung........................................................................................................................... 484 10.2. Ch tiu chp nhn ca kim tra khng ph hy th cng i vi tm v di...............................485 10.3. Ch tiu chp nhn i vi cc vt rn..........................................................................................485 10.4. Ch tiu chp nhn i vi vt c................................................................................................486 10.5. Ch tiu chp nhn i vi cc mi hn ph.................................................................................487 11. Kim tra siu m t ng cc mi hn trn.....................................................................................487 11.1. Quy nh chung ...........................................................................................................................487 11.2. Cc yu cu c bn.....................................................................................................................487 11.3. Quy trnh ......................................................................................................................................494 11.4. Hiu chun ..................................................................................................................................496 11.5. Kim tra ti hin trng ...............................................................................................................497 11.6. Kim tra li...................................................................................................................................499 11.7. nh gi v bo co....................................................................................................................500 11.8. Chng nhn ................................................................................................................................501 11.9. Hiu lc ca chng nhn .............................................................................................................505 Ph lc A. Yu cu i vi u d...507 Ph lc B. Xc nh tc sng ngang trong ng thp....50929 30. TCVN 6475-1:2007 TCVN 6475-13:200730 31. TCVN 6475-1:2007t i u c h u n quc giaTcvn 6475-1: 2007 Xut bn ln 2Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 1: Quy nh chung Rules for Classification and Technical Supervision of Subsea Pipeline Systems Part 1: General Requirement1. Phm vi p dng 1.1. Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu v phn cp v gim st k thut trong qu trnh thit k, ch to v khai thc cc h thng ng ng bin, k c cc h thng ng ng t cc ca sng v vng bin Vit Nam dng vn chuyn ring l hoc hn hp cc cht hydr ccbon trng thi lng hoc kh, nh du th, cc sn phm ca du, cc loi kh. 1.2. H thng ng ng bin (sau y gi tt l ng ng) bao gm ton b cc ng ng, ng ng, cc van, cc thit b ph tr, cc thit b an ton, h thng chng n mn v cc h thng lin quan khc. 1.3. Tiu chun ny l c s k thut c p dng cho cc giai on v hot ng: thit k, ch to, lp t, vn hnh, bo dng, gim st k thut v phn cp ng ng. 1.4. Cc hot ng gim st k thut v phn cp cc ng ng do c quan ng kim Vit Nam (sau y vit tt l ng kim) thc hin. Ngoi ng kim Vit Nam, ch u t c php s dng thm ng kim nc ngoi ty thuc vo quy m v c im ca cng trnh (nu cn). Hot ng gim st k thut c tin hnh trn c s cc quy nh ca tiu chun ny v cc tiu chun khc c lin quan. 31 32. TCVN 6475-1:2007 1.5. Cho php p dng cc yu cu trong cc quy phm, tiu chun k thut tng ng khc nu c ng kim chp nhn. 1.6. Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho cc ng mm, ng ng ng, cc ng cp iu khin ngm di bin v cc ng ng khng phi bng thp. 1.7. Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc phng php ri ng hnh ch S (S-lay), hnh ch J (J-lay), ko ng (towing), v cc phng php ri ng gy ra bin dng do. Ngoi ra tiu chun ny cn a ra cc yu cu v lp t ng ng cng nh cc yu cu v kt cu bo v v gn gi cc ng ng. 2. Ti liu vin dn Trong tiu chun ny, cc tiu chun sau y c vin dn: TCVN 6475-6: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 6: TI trngTCVN 6475-7: 2007 - Quy phm phn cp v gim st k thut h thng ng ng bin Phn 7: Ch tiu thit k;3. i tng gim st ca ng kim 3.1. Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc i tng sau y: Cc ng ng thp hn;Cc ng ng thp hn;Cc bung phng v nhn thoi (pig trap);Cc van, cc thit b iu khin v ph tng;Cc thit b an ton;Cc lp ph bo v;H thng bo v catt.3.2. Trong tiu chun ny, khi cp ti ng ng c ngha l cp ti mt hoc ton b cc i tng nu trong 3.1. Tiu chun ny khng ch gii hn p dng cho nhng i tng k trn m c th b sung nhng i tng khc mt cch thch hp theo yu cu ca cc c quan c thm quyn hoc ch ng ng.32 33. TCVN 6475-1:2007 3.3. Cc ng ng c thit k hoc ch to theo cc tiu chun hoc Quy nh khc vi cc yu cu ca tiu chun ny phi c xem xt phn cp ty thuc vo s tng ng gia cc tiu chun thit k v ch to. Trong nhng trng hp , cn thng bo cho ng kim bit ngay giai on ban u c c s phn cp. 4. Tin trnh thc hin phn cp 4.1. Vic phn cp v gim st k thut mt h thng ng ng bin c tin hnh theo cc giai on ca d n v theo tin ra. Cng tc gim st k thut do ng kim Vit Nam thc hin l mt phn ca qu trnh phn cp. Cng tc gim st k thut c tin hnh trong tt c cc giai on ca d n v phi bao hm tt c cc kha cnh trong d n . 4.2. Cc bc tin hnh cng tc phn cp bao gm: 4.2.1. Tin phn cp (nu c): Xem xt thit k s b (conceptual design).4.2.2. Phn cp: Xt duyt thit k bao gm c thit k chi tit (detail design);Gim st k thut trong qu trnh thi cng: o oSn xut v gia cng cc b phn ca ng ng;oCh to h thng bo v chng n mn v lp bc gia ti;oLp t ng ng;o Sn xut ng;Hon thin ng ng.Cp giy chng nhn.4.2.3. Duy tr hiu lc ca Giy chng nhn: Kim tra trong khai thc, bo dng v sa cha.5. Nguyn tc gim st k thut 5.1. Quy nh chung v gim st k thut33 34. TCVN 6475-1:2007 5.1.1. Cng tc gim st k thut l mt hot ng kim tra c lp v mang tnh h thng i vi cc giai on khc nhau trong qu trnh thit k, ch to v hot ng ca mt h thng ng ng bin nhm xc nh h thng ng ng c p ng c cc yu cu v mc ch ra khng. 5.1.2. Cng tc gim st k thut c ng kim tin hnh nhm xc nh cc li hoc h hng lin quan n ng ng, nhm lm gim ri ro trong vn hnh h thng ng ng, sc khe v an ton cho con ngi c lin quan cng nh vng ph cn vi h thng ng ng. 5.1.3. Cng tc gim st k thut ch yu nhm vo tnh ton vn ca h thng ng ng, an ton cho con ngi v bo v mi trng. 5.1.4. Phng php gim st chnh ca ng kim: ng kim thc hin vic gim st theo nhng trnh t c quy nh trong tiu chun ny, ng thi ng kim cng c th tin hnh kim tra bt thng bt c hng mc no ph hp vi tiu chun ny trong trng hp ng kim thy cn thit. 5.1.5. thc hin cng tc gim st, ch cng trnh, nh thu phi to mi iu kin thun li cho ng kim vin tin hnh kim tra, th nghim vt liu v cc sn phm chu s gim st ca ng kim k c vic ng kim vin c t do n tt c nhng ni sn xut v th nghim vt liu v cc sn phm . 5.1.6. Cc c quan thit k, ch cng trnh, nh thu v nh my ch to cc sn phm cng nghip phi thc hin cc yu cu ca ng kim trn c s cc quy nh hin hnh c lin quan khi thc hin cng tc gim st k thut. 5.1.7. Nu d nh c nhng sa i trong qu trnh ch to lin quan n vt liu, kt cu, my mc, trang thit b v sn phm cng nghip khc vi cc bn v v ti liu c duyt th cc bn v hoc ti liu sa i phi c trnh cho ng kim xem xt v duyt thit k sa i trc khi thi cng. 5.1.8. Nu c nhng tranh chp xy ra trong qu trnh gim st gia ng kim vin v cc c quan x nghip (ch cng trnh, nh thu, nh ch to vt liu v sn phm) th cc c quan x nghip ny c quyn xut kin ca mnh trc tip vi tng cp t thp ln cao ca ng kim gii quyt. 5.1.9. ng kim c th t chi khng thc hin cng tc gim st, nu nh thu hoc xng ch to vi phm c h thng cc yu cu ca tiu chun ny hoc vi phm hp ng v gim st vi ng kim. 5.1.10. Trong trng hp pht hin thy vt liu hoc sn phm c khuyt tt, tuy c cp Giy chng nhn hp l, ng kim vn c quyn yu cu tin hnh th nghim li hoc khc phc nhng khuyt tt , ng kim c th thu hi v hy b Giy chng nhn cp. 34 35. TCVN 6475-1:2007 5.1.11. Trong qu trnh thc hin gim st, ng kim c th tin hnh kim tra s ph hp ca kt cu, cng ngh theo cc tiu chun v quy trnh khng c quy nh trong tiu chun ny nhng nhm mc ch thc hin cc yu cu ca tiu chun ny. 5.1.12. ng kim c ng kim vin trc tip thc hin vic kim tra ch to vt liu v sn phm hoc c th y quyn vic kim tra ny cho cc t chc phn cp khc ph hp vi cc tha thun thay th ln nhau trong gim st. 5.2. Gim st trc tip 5.2.1. Gim st trc tip l hnh thc gim st do ng kim vin trc tip tin hnh, da trn cc h s k thut c ng kim duyt cng nh nhng tiu chun v yu cu b sung c ng kim chp nhn. Da vo tiu chun ny v ty thuc vo iu kin c th, ng kim s quy nh khi lng kim tra, o c v th nghim trong qu trnh gim st. 5.2.2. Sau khi thc hin gim st v nhn c nhng kt qu tha ng v th nghim vt liu v sn phm, ng kim s cp hoc xc nhn Giy chng nhn. 5.3. Gim st gin tip 5.3.1. Gim st gin tip l gim st do nhng ngi ca cc T chc kim tra k thut hoc cn b k thut ca nh my c ng kim y quyn thc hin da theo h s k thut c ng kim duyt. 5.3.2. Gim st gin tip c thc hin theo nhng hnh thc sau: Cn b c ng kim u quyn;X nghip c ng kim u quyn;H s c ng kim cng nhn.5.3.3. Da vo cc yu cu ca tiu chun ny v ty thuc vo iu kin c th, ng kim s quy nh cc iu kin tin hnh gim st gin tip, khi lng kim tra, o c v th nghim c tin hnh trong qu trnh gim st. 5.3.4. Tu thuc vo hnh thc gim st gin tip v kt qu gim st, ng kim hoc xng ch to s cp chng ch cho i tng c gim st. 5.3.5. ng kim vin s kim tra la chn bt k mt sn phm no chu s gim st gin tip ca35 36. TCVN 6475-1:2007 ng kim ti cc nh my ch to. 5.3.6. Nu xt thy c vi phm trong gim st gin tip hoc cht lng gim st gin tip khng t yu cu, ng kim c quyn hy hp ng gim st gin tip v trc tip tin hnh gim st. 5.4. Gim st k thut theo ri ro 5.4.1. Mc gim st k thut c phn chia theo ri ro ca ng ng. Nu ri ro ca ng ng cao th mc gim st k thut cng cao v ngc li. 5.4.2. Mc gim st k thut quy nh trong tiu chun ny ch m t mc tham gia ca ng kim trong cng tc phn cp v gim st k thut v khng lm thay i cp ca giy chng nhn. 5.4.3. H thng ng ng bin c gim st k thut theo cc mc thp, va v cao. Cc mc gim st k thut c nh ngha nh sau: Mc thp l mc gim st k thut p dng khi ri ro i vi ng ng bin l thp do cht trong ng n ho, ng ng t trong vng mi trng bin thch hp hay khi nh thu c nhiu kinh nghim trong thit k, thi cng cc ng ng tng t.Mc va l mc gim st k thut thng thng v c p dng vi phn ln cc ng ng bin.Mc cao l mc gim st k thut s dng khi ri ro i vi ng ng cao hn, v d khi cht trong ng c n mn cao, trong iu kin mi trng bt li, khi c s i mi v k thut hay khi nh thu khng c nhiu kinh nghim trong thit k v ch to cc ng ng bin tng t.5.4.4. Ni dung cng vic ca cc mc gim st k thut c a ra bng 5.4-1.36 37. TCVN 6475-1:2007 Bng 5.4-1: Tm tt ni dung cng vic trong cc mc gim st k thut McM t ni dung cng vicHng dn p dng mc gim st k thutThpXem xt nguyn tc chung v cc h Thit k ng ng c kim nghim vi thng khai thc trong qu trnh thit k cht trong ng n ho hay ng ng t trong v ch to.vng mi trng bin n ho.Xem xt cc ti liu thit k, quy trnh ng ng khng phc tp c nh thu c ch to v cc bo co chng nhn. Chng kin tng t trong qu trnh thH hng t gy hu qu i vi an ton, mih thng v bt u hot ng. Vakinh nghim thit k v thi cng.trng hoc khi xt theo quan im thng miXem xt nguyn tc chung v cc h thng khai thc trong thit k v chng ng t ti vng c iu kin mi trng va phi.to. Xem xt chi tit cc nguyn tc ch yuD n c mc mi (l thng) va phi.v cc ti liu thit k c la chn di s h tr ca cc tnh ton c lp n gin. Chng kin ton b qu trnh th H hng gy hu qu va phi i vi an ton, chng nhn quy trnh v xem xt bo mi trng hoc khi xt theo quan im thng co kt qu.mi.Chng kin tng t ti hin trng. CaoXem