donohue - ap euro la belle epoque [1871-1914]: “the beautiful era”

Donohue - AP Euro

La Belle Epoque

[1871-1914]:

“The Beautiful Era”

Characteristics of La Belle Characteristics of La Belle EpochEpoch1.1. MaterialismMaterialism

Higher standard of livingHigher standard of living Development “zones”Development “zones”• Inner ZoneInner Zone Br, Fr, Ger, Br, Fr, Ger,

Belg, Belg, No. It,W. AustriaNo. It,W. Austria

•Outer ZoneOuter Zone Ire., Iberian Ire., Iberian Pen., most of Italy, Europe Pen., most of Italy, Europe easteastof Ger.of Ger.

•Underdeveloped ZoneUnderdeveloped Zone Afro-AsiaAfro-Asia

2.2. Increased European PopulationIncreased European Population3.3. Growth of Cities & Urban LifeGrowth of Cities & Urban Life4.4. Migration from EuropeMigration from Europe

1850-1940 1850-1940 60 million left 60 million left EuropeEurope

Went to Went to US, Argentina, Brazil, US, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Canada,

Australia/N. Zeal.Australia/N. Zeal.5.5. ““Second” Industrial RevolutionSecond” Industrial Revolution

Steam Steam electricity electricity Internal combustion & diesel Internal combustion & diesel

engines.engines. Cars, planes, submarines.Cars, planes, submarines.

Characteristics of La Belle Characteristics of La Belle EpochEpoch

5. “Second” Industrial Revolution Second” Industrial Revolution Britain Britain “The World’s Industrial “The World’s Industrial Workshop” Workshop” Corporations Corporations limited liability of limited liability of

investments. investments. Mass production.Mass production.

6.6. Free Trade [esp. in England]Free Trade [esp. in England]7.7. World Markets [Global Economy, World Markets [Global Economy,

Part II]Part II]8.8. Advance of DemocracyAdvance of Democracy

Extension of the vote to the Extension of the vote to the working class.working class.

Creating a “welfare state.”Creating a “welfare state.”


9.9. The Appeal of SocialismThe Appeal of Socialism By the 1880s, most socialist By the 1880s, most socialist

parties were Marxist [esp. Ger. parties were Marxist [esp. Ger. & Fr.]& Fr.]

Not very successful in England.Not very successful in England.10.10. Faith in Science AloneFaith in Science Alone

Science at the core of Science at the core of industrialization.industrialization.

““New Wonders” of daily life.New Wonders” of daily life. Charles DarwinCharles Darwin• Origin of SpeciesOrigin of Species [1859] [1859]• ““survival of the fittest”survival of the fittest”


10.10. Faith in Science Alone [con’t.]Faith in Science Alone [con’t.] ““Social Darwinism” Social Darwinism” Herbert Herbert

SpenserSpenser EugenicsEugenics Newtonian Science turned on its Newtonian Science turned on its

headhead• Einstein Einstein “Theory of “Theory of

Relativity”Relativity” nature & energy nature & energy were were separate & distinct. separate & distinct.

•Max Planck Max Planck Quantum Quantum PhysicsPhysics


10.10. Faith in Science Alone [con’t.]Faith in Science Alone [con’t.] Professionalization of “new” Professionalization of “new”

sciences [anthropology, sciences [anthropology, archeaology,etc.]archeaology,etc.]• PsychologyPsychology

Ivan Pavlov Ivan Pavlov conditioned conditioned responsesresponses

Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud psychoanalysispsychoanalysiso The Interpretation of The Interpretation of

DreamsDreams [1900] [1900]o The role of the The role of the

unconscious [the id, unconscious [the id, ego, super ego].ego, super ego].


11.11. New Trends in PhilosophyNew Trends in Philosophy AgnosticismAgnosticism NihilismNihilism•Friedrich NietzscheFriedrich Nietzsche

ÜbermenschÜbermensch “Super “Super Man”Man”

IrrationalismIrrationalism ExistentialismExistentialism•Sören Kierkegaard Sören Kierkegaard existence existence

proceeds essenceproceeds essence12.12. Internal Religious StrugglesInternal Religious Struggles

modernists vs. fundamentalistsmodernists vs. fundamentalists


13.13. Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism Dreyfus AffairDreyfus Affair Theodore Herzl Theodore Herzl Der Der

JudenstaatJudenstaat [ [The Jewish StateThe Jewish State], ], 18961896• ““Father of Modern Zionism”Father of Modern Zionism”

14.14. Women’s MovementWomen’s Movement Emmeline PankhurstEmmeline Pankhurst

15.15. The “New” ImperialismThe “New” Imperialism16.16. Militarism Militarism glorification of war glorification of war


donohue - ap euro la belle epoque [1871-1914]: “the beautiful era”

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