Do Now-With a PartnerEssential Question:

Has industrialization produced more benefits or more

problems for the nation? 1880-1920

Industrial Growth: Post Civil War- Rapid Expansion & Growth

Enduring Understandings: Economic & Industrial Growth

1. Industrial/Economic growth requires the presence of the Factors of Production including :

a. raw materialsb. labor forcec. Research & development + technologyd. machinery & factoriese. entrepreneurs f. mass markets

Enduring Understandings: Economic & Industrial Growth

2. Rapid industrialization requires a rapidly growing labor force.

3. Industrialization requires overseas resources, markets and protection for these interests. 4. Industrialization results in consolidation of business and the accumulation of vast wealth in the hands of a small number of people.

1870

1900

• Immigrants--Jobs in new industries & factories, construction of buildings, railroads and canals=OVERCROWDING in the Cities

• Nativism-– The attitude and policy of favoring native born Americans over immigrants

• Led to a push to restrict immigration• Focused on new immigrants with different language and religion

– Chinese Exclusion Act-1882-not repealed until 1943– 1907-”Gentlemen’s Agreement” Japanese Immigration was Stopped.

Conditions in Urban slums– Sanitation

-horse manure filled streets/factory pollution/ No garbage removal

-thrown into ventilation shafts=rats etc..– Water

• little or no running water• Shared bathrooms 8-10 apts./or outhouses• Unsafe to drink-disease

Tenement houses-

6-7 story buildings/solid blocks of deep buildings-no windows or ventilation in the inside rooms.

Immigrant Family Lodgings

Immigrant Family Lodgings

Men’s LodgingsMen’s Lodgings

Women’s LodgingsWomen’s Lodgings

Dumbbell Tenement Plan

Dumbbell Tenement Plan

Tenement House Act of 1879, NYCTenement House Act of 1879, NYC

• Limited water supply/crowded wooden structures/candles/kerosene lamps=

Crime* pickpockets/thieves/con-men/street gangs* insufficient or corrupt police

Private settlement Houses were developed to assist immigrants Hull House-Jane Addams-Chicago 1893

”Bandits’ Roost””Bandits’ Roost”

Mullen’s Alley ”Gang”Mullen’s Alley ”Gang”

Mulberry Street Bend, 1889

Mulberry Street Bend, 1889

Blind Beggar, 1888Blind Beggar, 1888

A Struggling Immigrant Family

A Struggling Immigrant Family

The Other Side of the City – Jerome Mansion

The Other Side of the City – 5th Avenue

The Other Side of the City – Cornelius Vanderbilt’s Mansion

The Other Side of the City – Cornelius Vanderbilt’s Mansion

The Other Side of the City – Charles Schwab’s Mansion

The Other Side of the City – Charles Schwab’s Mansion

The Other Side of the City – Carnegie’s Mansion

The Other Side of the City – Early Luxury Apartments

The Gilded Age-

Social IssuesCHILD LABOR

• Exploited for low wages• Helped support their families• No education-work $• Trapped in an unskilled workforce for a lifetime

* Significant impact on health

Cigar Makers Shucking Oysters

Women & African Americans struggle for Opportunity

1890s – Basement Saloon

Temperance movement

1890s – Basement Saloon

Temperance movement

Essential Question: What impact do corrupt politicians have on society?

Government & Business

The golden age of the power of Big Business.–Huge gap

between the wealthy and the poor.

–Widespread abuse of power in government and business.

Power of Business• Trusts- a combination of firms or business designed to

form a monopoly. Consolidate & buy up smaller competitors.

• Big Business influenced politics– Business funded politicians-lobby– Government supported businesses over labor unions in strikes– Bribery/Scandals

• Laissez-faire Capitalism– Government should play a very limited role in business

“HANDS OFF”– Social Darwinism

Cartoon #10

Essential Questions: Should anyone have a

obligation to help the suffering poor and control the power of

big business in a nation ??

– 1877-1914: Answer now Please

Reform: Pendleton Act 1883 Reform: Pendleton Act 1883

Reform: Pendleton Act 1883 Reform: Pendleton Act 1883 Patronage=the spoils

system

A Civil Service Act.

1883 14,000 out of117,000 federal govt.jobs became civilservice exam positions.

1900 100,000 out of 200,000 -exam required.

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act-1890• Congress passed the act to end the practice of

trusts/monopolies. To restore competition.• The act made it illegal for business firms to

combine in order to set prices and prevent competition.– Standard Oil-John D. Rockefeller– Andrew Carnegie-US Federal Steel– J.P. Morgan-Consolidated the Steel & Railroad

industries/Banker and Financier-- created GE– Beef trust, Tobacco trust, Copper Trust etc…– The act was not strictly enforced until T.

Roosevelt and the Progressives gained power– ROBBER BARONS or CAPTAINS of INDUSTRY ????