district rahim yar khan (punjab) and district nowshera and ......2010 district rahim yar khan...
TRANSCRIPT
2010
District Rahim Yar Khan (Punjab) and District Nowshera and District Charsadda (KPK)
Report by: Asif Kabani and Maliha A. Kabani (Consultant) with support from I-LAP Team
INTERFAITH
LEAGUE
AGAINST
POVERTY
PARTICIPATORY RAPID HUMANITARIAN NEED
ASSESSMENT (PRHNA) REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Figures ................................................................................................................................................................... 6 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Research Methodology ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
Sampling ............................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Sample size and distribution ................................................................................................................................................. 15
Selection of the number of villages for the survey: ......................................................................................................... 15
Selection of UCs and villages ............................................................................................................................................ 15
Methodology - Data collection .............................................................................................................................................. 16
Data gathering process .................................................................................................................................................... 16
Information Management ................................................................................................................................................ 16
About the Organization ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
Vision ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Mission .................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
Objectives .............................................................................................................................................................................. 20
Background of 2010 Flood in Pakistan ............................................................................................................................... 21 Impact of Flood Wave ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
Aftermath ......................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Charsadda and Nowshera Floods Situational Assessment and Findings ............................................................................. 26
Chasadda: ............................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Nowshera .............................................................................................................................................................................. 26
The Longer Term Impact ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Need of the detailed Survey and ILAP Response ................................................................................................................... 27
I-LAP Targeted UCs of Charsadda ................................................................................................................................... 30
I-LAP Targeted UCs of Nowshera ................................................................................................................................... 30
Priority of Needs .............................................................................................................................................................. 31
1- Agriculture and Livelihood ........................................................................................................................................ 32
Key Findings Agriculture and Livelihood losses ..................................................................................................................... 33
Losses to Stored Food Items .................................................................................................................................................. 34
Losses to businesses and employment .................................................................................................................................. 35
The highest priorities for resuming agricultural work and livelihood activities .................................................................... 36
Losses in Livestock ................................................................................................................................................................. 37
2- Shelter solutions and the repair and rebuilding of their houses ............................................................................... 38 3- WASH (Water, Sanitation, Hygiene) .......................................................................................................................... 42
Water .................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Sanitation .............................................................................................................................................................................. 45
Hygiene ................................................................................................................................................................................. 46
Environmental issues relating to public health ..................................................................................................................... 47
Nutrition ................................................................................................................................................................................ 48
Health .................................................................................................................................................................................... 48
Nowshera and Charsadda Health Issues: .............................................................................................................................. 49
4- Social Protection, Food Security and Social Safety Nets ............................................................................................ 51
Food stock ............................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Markets ................................................................................................................................................................................. 54
5- Others – Cross cutting issues of Vulnerability, Protection, Gender issues women/cultural issues/PEACE, Mass Communications and Environment .................................................................................................................................... 56
ID cards and documentation ................................................................................................................................................. 56
Vulnerability and Protection Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 56
Community Services and Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................ 56
Education .............................................................................................................................................................................. 57
Health service delivery .......................................................................................................................................................... 57
Mass Communication............................................................................................................................................................ 59
Vulnerable Children ............................................................................................................................................................... 59
Disputes at the Site ............................................................................................................................................................... 59
Violence against Women ...................................................................................................................................................... 60
RAHIM YAR KHAN FLOODS SITUATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND FINDINGS ............................................................................ 64
Demography: ........................................................................................................................................................................ 64
Religion: ................................................................................................................................................................................ 64
Languages ............................................................................................................................................................................. 65
Literacy and education .......................................................................................................................................................... 65
The Flood ............................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Priority of Needs .................................................................................................................................................................... 67
Tehsils & Unions in the District of Rahim Yar Khan .......................................................................................................... 68
1- Agriculture and Livelihood ........................................................................................................................................ 70
Key Findings Agriculture and Livelihood losses ..................................................................................................................... 71
Losses to businesses and employment .................................................................................................................................. 74
The highest priorities for resuming agricultural work and livelihood activities .................................................................... 75
2- Shelter solutions and the repair and rebuilding of their houses ............................................................................... 77 3- WASH (Water, Sanitation, Hygiene) .......................................................................................................................... 80
Water .................................................................................................................................................................................... 80
Sanitation .............................................................................................................................................................................. 83
Hygiene ................................................................................................................................................................................. 83
Environmental issues relating to public health ..................................................................................................................... 84
Nutrition ................................................................................................................................................................................ 85
Health .................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
4- Social Protection, Food Security and Social Safety Nets ............................................................................................ 87
Food stock ............................................................................................................................................................................. 87
Markets ................................................................................................................................................................................. 89
5- Others – Cross cutting issues of Vulnerability, Protection, Gender issues women/cultural issues/PEACE, Mass Communications and Environment .................................................................................................................................... 91
ID cards and documentation ................................................................................................................................................. 91
Vulnerability and Protection Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 91
Community Services and Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................ 91
Education .............................................................................................................................................................................. 92
Health service delivery .......................................................................................................................................................... 92
Mass Communication............................................................................................................................................................ 94
Vulnerable Children ............................................................................................................................................................... 94
Disputes at the Site ............................................................................................................................................................... 94
Violence against Women ...................................................................................................................................................... 95
RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................ 98
Livelihood (Agriculture, Livestock, Cash-for-Work and others) ............................................................................................. 98
Agriculture/ Farming ............................................................................................................................................................. 98
Livestock ................................................................................................................................................................................ 99
Shelter and Food Security .................................................................................................................................................... 100
Health and WASH ................................................................................................................................................................ 101
Interfaith Harmony and Peace ............................................................................................................................................ 104
Education ............................................................................................................................................................................ 106
TABLE OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: MAP INDICATING FOCUS AREA ............................................................................................................................................ 12
FIGURE 2: DISTRICT RAHIM YAR KHAN OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................ 13
FIGURE 3: NOWSHERA OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
FIGURE 4: CHARSADDA OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
FIGURE 5: DATA COLLECTION MECHANISM ......................................................................................................................................... 16
FIGURE 6: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT MECHANISM .......................................................................................................................... 16
FIGURE 8: TRAINING SESSION ........................................................................................................................................................... 17
FIGURE 9: DATA COLLECTION WITH COMMUNITY .................................................................................................................................. 17
FIGURE 7: TRAINING SESSION ........................................................................................................................................................... 17
FIGURE 10: WE THE COMMUNITY ..................................................................................................................................................... 18
FIGURE 11: GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS SELECTED FOR DATA COLLECTION ........................................................................................................ 18
FIGURE 12: MAP OF FLOOD HIT AREAS IN PAKISTAN (2010) .................................................................................................................. 22
FIGURE 13: TRACK OF FLOOD WAVE ALONG INDUS RIVER ....................................................................................................................... 23
FIGURE 14: FLOOD FLOW ................................................................................................................................................................. 24
FIGURE 15: PRIORITY NEEDS TO REVIVE COMMUNITY LIFE CYCLE ............................................................................................................ 31
FIGURE 16 - CHANGE IN LIVELIHOOD .................................................................................................................................................. 32
FIGURE 17 - PERCENTAGE OF CROPLAND LOST ..................................................................................................................................... 33
FIGURE 18 - PERCENT OF CROP LOSS .................................................................................................................................................. 33
FIGURE 19 - HOW LONG LOST ASSETS SHOULD HAVE LASTED .................................................................................................................. 34
FIGURE 20 - EFFECT ON BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT .................................................................................................................................. 35
FIGURE 21 - DECLINE IN HOUSEHOLD INCOME ..................................................................................................................................... 35
FIGURE 22 - 1ST HIGHEST NEEDS ...................................................................................................................................................... 36
FIGURE 23 - 2ND HIGHEST NEEDS ..................................................................................................................................................... 36
FIGURE 25: LIVESTOCK LOSS ............................................................................................................................................................. 37
FIGURE 24: IMPACT OF LIVESTOCK LOSS .............................................................................................................................................. 37
FIGURE 26 - LAND OWNERSHIP ......................................................................................................................................................... 38
FIGURE 27 - MAIN MATERIAL AND TYPE OF HOUSE .............................................................................................................................. 39
FIGURE 28: MAIN MATERIAL NEEDED ................................................................................................................................................. 40
FIGURE 29: CURRENT SITUATION OF SHELTER ...................................................................................................................................... 41
FIGURE 30 - DRINKING WATER SOURCES, BEFORE AND AFTER FLOODS ..................................................................................................... 42
FIGURE 31 - SUFFICIENT DRINKING WATER SOURCES ............................................................................................................................ 43
FIGURE 32 - STATUS OF REPAIR OF WATER SOURCES............................................................................................................................. 43
FIGURE 33 - WATER CONTAINMENT METHOD ..................................................................................................................................... 44
FIGURE 34 - WATER TREATMENT METHODS SINCE FLOODS .................................................................................................................... 44
FIGURE 35 - SITE OF DEFECATION ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
FIGURE 36 - SOAP AND WATER BEFORE EATING ................................................................................................................................... 46
FIGURE 37 - SANITARY NAPKINS SINCE THE FLOODS .............................................................................................................................. 46
FIGURE 38 - POOLS OF STAGNANT WATER .......................................................................................................................................... 47
FIGURE 39 - NEAREST HEALTH FACILITY FOR ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ..................................................................................................... 49
FIGURE 40 - HEALTH PROBLEMS ........................................................................................................................................................ 50
FIGURE 41 - AVAILABLE FOOD STOCK ................................................................................................................................................. 52
FIGURE 42 - LOSS OF FOOD STOCKS ................................................................................................................................................... 53
FIGURE 43 - SPENDING ON FOOD ...................................................................................................................................................... 53
FIGURE 44 - ACCESS TO FUNCTIONAL MARKETS ................................................................................................................................... 54
FIGURE 45 - COMMODITIES AVAILABLE NOW ....................................................................................................................................... 54
FIGURE 46 - WOMEN ACCESS TO FUNCTIONAL MARKETS ....................................................................................................................... 55
FIGURE 47 - MEN ACCESS TO FUNCTIONAL MARKETS ............................................................................................................................ 55
FIGURE 48 - COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE ........................................................................................................................................ 56
FIGURE 49 - EDUCATION .................................................................................................................................................................. 57
FIGURE 50 – HEALTH SETTINGS ......................................................................................................................................................... 57
FIGURE 51 - HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY TIME ...................................................................................................................................... 58
FIGURE 52 - HEALTH LEVEL OF DAMAGE ............................................................................................................................................. 58
FIGURE 53 - MASS COMMUNICATION ............................................................................................................................................... 59
FIGURE 54 - CONFLICTS RESOLUTION ................................................................................................................................................. 60
FIGURE 55 - PERCEPTION OF SECURITY ............................................................................................................................................... 60
FIGURE 56 - MINORITIES.................................................................................................................................................................. 61
FIGURE 57 - INTERFAITH DIALOGUE ................................................................................................................................................... 61
FIGURE 58 - PEACE MISSION ........................................................................................................................................................... 62
FIGURE 60: RAHIM YAR KHAN FLOOD SITUATION (COURTESY UNOCHA) ................................................................................................ 66
FIGURE 61 - CHANGE IN LIVELIHOOD .................................................................................................................................................. 70
FIGURE 62 - LIVE STOCK LOSSES ........................................................................................................................................................ 72
FIGURE 63 - PERCENTAGE OF CROPLAND LOST ..................................................................................................................................... 72
FIGURE 64 - PERCENT OF CROP LOSS .................................................................................................................................................. 73
FIGURE 65 - HOW LONG LOST ASSETS SHOULD HAVE LASTED .................................................................................................................. 73
FIGURE 66 - EFFECT ON BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT .................................................................................................................................. 74
FIGURE 67 - DECLINE IN HOUSEHOLD INCOME ..................................................................................................................................... 75
FIGURE 68 - 1ST HIGHEST NEEDS ...................................................................................................................................................... 75
FIGURE 69 - 2ND HIGHEST NEEDS ..................................................................................................................................................... 76
FIGURE 70 - LAND OWNERSHIP ......................................................................................................................................................... 77
FIGURE 71 - MAIN MATERIAL AND TYPE OF HOUSE .............................................................................................................................. 78
FIGURE 72: MAIN MATERIAL UTILIZATION/ NEEDED ............................................................................................................................... 79
FIGURE 73 - DRINKING WATER SOURCES, BEFORE AND AFTER FLOODS ..................................................................................................... 80
FIGURE 74 - SUFFICIENT DRINKING WATER SOURCES ............................................................................................................................ 81
FIGURE 75 - STATUS OF REPAIR OF WATER SOURCES............................................................................................................................. 81
FIGURE 76 - WATER CONTAINMENT METHOD ..................................................................................................................................... 82
FIGURE 77 - WATER TREATMENT METHODS SINCE FLOODS .................................................................................................................... 82
FIGURE 78 - SITE OF DEFECATION ...................................................................................................................................................... 83
FIGURE 79 - SOAP AND WATER BEFORE EATING ................................................................................................................................... 84
FIGURE 80 - SANITARY NAPKINS SINCE THE FLOODS .............................................................................................................................. 84
FIGURE 81 - POOLS OF STAGNANT WATER .......................................................................................................................................... 85
FIGURE 82 - NEAREST HEALTH FACILITY FOR ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ..................................................................................................... 86
FIGURE 83: I-LAP TEAM INVESTIGATING MNCH HEALTH ISSUES IN THE COMMUNITIES ................................................................................ 86
FIGURE 84 - AVAILABLE FOOD STOCK ................................................................................................................................................. 87
FIGURE 85 - LOSS OF FOOD STOCKS ................................................................................................................................................... 88
FIGURE 86 - SPENDING ON FOOD ...................................................................................................................................................... 88
FIGURE 87 - ACCESS TO FUNCTIONAL MARKETS ................................................................................................................................... 89
FIGURE 88 - COMMODITIES AVAILABLE NOW ....................................................................................................................................... 89
FIGURE 89 - WOMEN ACCESS TO FUNCTIONAL MARKETS ....................................................................................................................... 90
FIGURE 90 - MEN ACCESS TO FUNCTIONAL MARKETS ............................................................................................................................ 90
FIGURE 91 - COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE ........................................................................................................................................ 91
FIGURE 92 - EDUCATION .................................................................................................................................................................. 92
FIGURE 93 - HEALTH ....................................................................................................................................................................... 92
FIGURE 94 - HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY TIME ...................................................................................................................................... 93
FIGURE 95 - HEALTH LEVEL OF DAMAGE ............................................................................................................................................. 93
FIGURE 96 - MASS COMMUNICATION ............................................................................................................................................... 94
FIGURE 97 - CONFLICTS RESOLUTION ................................................................................................................................................. 95
FIGURE 98 - PERCEPTION OF SECURITY ............................................................................................................................................... 95
FIGURE 99 - MINORITIES.................................................................................................................................................................. 96
FIGURE 100 - INTERFAITH DIALOGUE ................................................................................................................................................. 96
FIGURE 59: KEY AGRICULTURE DATA (COURTESY FAO) ......................................................................................................................... 98
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: OVERVIEW........................................................................................................................................................................ 13
TABLE 2: DISTRUCTION ANALYSIS OF KPK AND PUNJAB ......................................................................................................................... 14
TABLE 3: SAMPLE SIZE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
SOURCE: NDMA,PDMAS,GBDMA,FDMA TABLE 4 - PAKISTAN FLOOD LOSSES (AS OF 13 OCTOBER 2010)................................................ 24
TABLE 5: FLOOD AFFECTED COMMUNITIES ........................................................................................................................................... 28
TABLE 6: AFFECTED POPULATION OF KPK ........................................................................................................................................... 29
TABLE 7: I-LAP TARGETED UCS OF CHARSADDA ................................................................................................................................... 30
TABLE 8: I-LAP TARGETED UCS OF NOWSHERA .................................................................................................................................... 30
TABLE 9 - SHELTER NEED ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 39
TABLE 10 - ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 64
TABLE 11 - TEHSILS & UNIONS IN THE DISTRICT OF RAHIM YAR KHAN ...................................................................................................... 69
TABLE 12 - SHELTER NEED ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................................. 78
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
RYK Rahim Yar Khan
I-LAP Interfaith League Against Poverty
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
MDG Millennium Development Goals
KPK Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa
PRHNA Participatory Rapid Humanitarian Needs Assessment
OVERVIEW
On 21 June, the Pakistan Meteorological Department cautioned that urban and flash flooding could
occur from July to September in the north parts of the country. The same department recorded above-
average rainfall in the months of July and August 2010, and monitored the flood wave progression, that
change the whole socio economic scenario of Pakistan leading to
worst crises and heighten gaps towards achievement of Millennium
Development Goals.
Keeping in consideration the disaster‟s magnitude and in-line with I-
LAP‟s mission the organization immediately responded to support
the people in catastrophe with all possible means. As part of
response phase I-LAP started with Food items, NFI distribution,
shelter and WASH in three badly affected districts naming Rahim
Yar Khan (Punjab), Nowshera (KPK) and Charsadda (KPK).
A Participatory Rapid Humanitarian Needs Assessment (PRHNA) was conducted in the above
mentioned three districts .
This Rapid Assessment was conducted based on the international best practice, methods and tools used
in Pakistan Flood 2010 by Government, UN and development partners in Pakistan. This assessment was
conducted in 2 adversely flood affected provinces of Pakistan from 15th
to 21st October 2010. People
living in villages, as well as camps, collective centres and sites of spontaneous displacement were
surveyed across a total of 3 district Punjab: R.Y. Khan and KPK: Charsadda and Nowshera. Teams of
male and female researchers carried out household assessments with close to 770 households and
facilitated separate male and female community focus group discussions in 96 villages and settlements.
The aim of the assessment was to provide deep insight into situation in three adversely affected districts
and advice and facilitate response to these regions. The modus operandi for the research has been
based on standard format and table so donor and partners can use the information and produce a
detailed summary of findings in line with the information needs defined by the clusters in Pakistan under
the auspices of the Inter Cluster Coordination Mechanism.
The assessment had a total working time frame of approximately 10 days to identify community needs.
Information from the community was gathered on tools naming „Household Assessment‟ and
„Community Assessment‟ by the enumerators who were priority trained on the tool and divided in teams.
At second stage the information gathered through questionnaire was entered into database developed by
the consultant based on the international formats used by development partners. A highly qualified and
charged team of students provided their day and night services to enter such through data in a short time
of few hours. Another team of professionals supported in data normalization alongside I-LAP‟s field
teams. Detail analysis of data was done by the consultant to diagnose areas where communities need
immediate humanitarian response to survive and recover from calamity. This report has been majorly
divided into two segments, the first part gives holistic picture of suffering and dire needs focused on the
three regions, and the second part discusses in detail all three regions (Rahim Yar Khan, Nowshera and
Charsadda) separately and highlight elements that need to be addressed in context of local scenario.
Figure 1: Map indicating focus area
Province Districts
Included
Tehsils
Included
UCs
included
Villages/
settlements
included
HH Level
Interviews
Community
Level
Interviews
Punjab 1 4 12 See list 400 36
KPK 2 3 8 See list 400 69
Total 3 7 20 See list 800 105
Table 1: Overview
Figure 2: District Rahim Yar Khan Overview
Province Persons affected Villages affected Homes destroyed or damaged
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 4,365,909 2,834 181,433 Punjab 8,200,000 3,000 500,000 Total 17,620,310 at least 10,952 1,237,493 Table 2: Distruction Analysis of KPK and Punjab
Figure 3: Nowshera Overview
Figure 4: Charsadda Overview
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Sampling
The geographic scope of the floods and the time frame available, a geographically dispersed
purposive sample of the population in areas most affected was covered in the assessment. The
objective of the assessment was to survey at the household and community levels, against a pre-
defined questionnaire, the circumstances, needs and priorities of people affected by the floods.
As such, this kind of assessment paints a picture of humanitarian needs and gives a voice to those
affected by the disaster. This information can be combined with other sources including
population projections and historical baseline information to make assumptions of overall needs,
but it cannot be statistically extrapolated to arrive at firm numeric conclusions.
Sample size and distribution
Selection of the number of villages for the survey:
As of the 17th August, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) reported a total of
8,518 villages affected by the floods. Of the total, 3% (237) were in Gilgit Baltistan, 33% (2,834)
were in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 32% (2,587) were in Punjab and 32% (2,760) were in Sindh. I-
LAP has intervened in two of the mentioned provinces, with two districts in KPK and one
district in Punjab. The sample has been taken from these three areas. The sample size is as
follow:
Province District Population size Sample % Confidential Level
Punjab Rahim Yar Khan 5,500 7.27% 95%
Khyber Pukhtankhan
Charsada 4,000 6.49% 95%
Nowshera 4,000 6.49% 95% Table 3: Sample Size
Secondly, the available human resources and logistics that could be mobilized at short notice and
considering the distances and accessibility of affected areas from provincial hubs in terms of
what could be covered in the 2-6 days available for field research.
Selection of UCs and villages
ILAP was working with the communities in KPK and Punjab on areas needing support
for sustainable community development. When flood hit the areas, the organization
immediately responded to the situation in the areas through rescue and relief efforts.
Many members of the team comprise locals, thus they are very close to the real situation.
Based on the fact, the UCs and villages were identified by the team where immediate
response is much needed in comparison and where other aid agencies are not much
present, to avoid duplication of funding. (see Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4) .
Methodology - Data collection
In each village/site, 2 types of questionnaires were administered;
Household questionnaires: administered by male and female enumerators/ social
organizers with the most informed male and female household members. 10 household
questionnaires were conducted per village/site.
Community questionnaires: administered separately by male and female social organizers
with male and female community groups of approximately 10-15 people.
Data gathering process
Figure 5: Data Collection Mechanism
Information Management
Figure 6: Information Management Mechanism
Assessment ToolsMeeting with
Program TeamsRevision and
finalization of tool
Training of Field Teams
Physical Survey in R.Y. Khan, Charsada
and Nowshera
Verfication of data received in field
Offices
Assessment Tools Data Entry
Management Information System
Selectionof Forms and Verification of
data from field
Technical Correction to Clean and
Normalized data Pivot Analysis
Review of data with data Analyst
Figure 8: Training Session
Figure 9: Data collection with community
Figure 7: Training Session
Figure 10: WE the community
Figure 11: Geographic Regions selected for data collection
ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION
The Interfaith League Against Poverty is a non-profit organization, works in partnership with
International and National Partners. I-LAP is a nonpartisan, development organization dedicated
to promote the religious tolerance, acceptance, and respect for all religions in Pakistani society.
The organization has always responded to the people in difficult situation no matter it is natural
calamity or man-made hard to survival situation. The organization has supported many
communities in 2005 earthquake response and touched many lives that were at risk from all
respects. When this year, flood hit majority areas of Pakistan and created a situation where
survival was no less difficult than rescue as the population affected was more than ever expected.
Since the day emergency has been announced in the areas I-LAP immediately started its
operations in adversely affected areas including Nowshera and Charsadda in KPK and Rahim
Yar Khan in Punjab. Besides providing food and non-food-items (NFIs) the organization has
moved along the community in the response and rehabilitation phase and aims at Community
Rebuilding and stand along community till the enter the era of revival of all everyday activities.
Vision
“To create a new generation of peace workers, peace defenders, and peace negotiators towards
catalyzing positive changes in the community towards prevention of conflicts and promotion and
sustenance of peace in the multi-ethnic, multi-cultural Pakistan and beyond”
Mission
Play vital role in creating awareness among citizens about the importance of interfaith harmony,
peace, tolerance and respect for all on the basis of humanity and develop the sense of
belongingness within the society.
Objectives
The objective of I-LAP shall be to render the essential services to the unrecalled people who live
in the neglected areas of Islamabad District. The following are the main objectives of I-LAP.
To create interfaith harmony among people following varied religions to bring lasting
peace and balance in the society leading to sustainable progress
To eradicate illiteracy through formal and informal means for expansion of basic
education through involvement of community to enhance moral, cultural and spiritual
values of education.
Empower women and other vulnerable groups through providing facility of vocational
centres and entrepreneurship opportunities with the participation of youth of low-income
areas to enhance their capacities through skill development.
BACKGROUND OF 2010 FLOOD IN PAKISTAN
On 21 June, the Pakistan Meteorological Department cautioned that urban and flash flooding
could occur from July to September in the north parts of the country. The same department
recorded above-average rainfall in the months of July and August 2010, and monitored the flood
wave progression, that change the whole socio economic scenario of Pakistan leading to worst
crises and heighten gaps towards achievement of Millennium Development Goals. Even UN-
Secretary General Ban-Ki-Moon expressed in his visit that he has never seen such disaster with
such big impact and magnitude. “A heart-wrenching day for me and for my delegation” said
Ban Ki-moon. “ I will never forget the destruction and sufferings I have witnessed today, …In
the past I
have visited
scenes of
many natural
disasters
around the
world, but
nothing like
this. The
scale of this
disaster is so
large and
there are so
many people
in so many places in so much need.”
“I will never forget the destruction and sufferings
I have witnessed today”…
United Nations Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon
Figure 12: Map of Flood Hit Areas in Pakistan (2010)
Impact of Flood Wave
In early August, the heaviest flooding moved southward along the Indus River from severely-affected
northern regions toward western Punjab, where at least 1,400,000 acres (570,000 ha) of cropland was
destroyed, and the southern province of Sindh. The crops affected were cotton, sugarcane, rice, pulses,
tobacco and animal fodder. Floodwaters and rain destroyed 700,000 acres (3,000 km2) of cotton,
200,000 acres (800 km2) acres each of rice and cane, 500,000 tonnes of wheat and 300,000 acres (1,000
km2) of animal fodder. According to the Pakistan Cotton Ginners Association, the floods destroyed 2
million bales of cotton, which led to an increase in futures of the commodity in international market.
170,000 citizens (or 70% of the population) of the historic Sindh town of Thatta fled advancing flood
waters on 27 August 2010.
By mid-September the floods generally had began to recede, although in some areas, such as Sindh, new
floods were reported; the majority of the displaced persons had not been able to return home.
Figure 13: Track of flood wave along Indus River
At one point, approximately one-fifth of Pakistan's total land area was underwater. According to
Pakistani government data the floods directly affected about 20 million people, mostly by destruction of
property, livelihood and infrastructure, with a death toll of close to 2,000. The number of individuals
affected by the flooding exceeds the combined total of individuals affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean
tsunami, the 2005 Kashmir earthquake and the 2010 Haiti earthquake.
Aftermath
The power infrastructure of Pakistan also took a severe blow from the floods, which damaged 10,000
transmission lines and transformers, feeders and power houses in different flood-hit areas. Flood water
inundated Jinnah Hydro power and 150 power houses in Gilgit. The damage caused a power shortfall of
3.135 gigawatt. Aid agencies have warned that outbreaks of diseases, such as: gastroenteritis, diarrhea,
and skin diseases due to lack of clean drinking water and sanitation can pose a serious new risk to flood
victims. On 14 August, the first documented case of cholera emerged in the town of Mingora, striking
fear into millions of stranded flood
victims, who are already suffering from
gastroenteritis and diarrhea. Pakistan
has also faced a malaria outbreak. It has
been reported by the International Red
Cross that a large number of
unexploded ordinance, such as mines
and artillery shells, have been flushed
down stream by the floods from areas
in Kashmir and Waziristan and
scattered in low lying areas, posing a
future risk to returning inhabitants. The
United Nations estimated that 800,000
people have been cut off by floods in
Pakistan and are only reachable by air. It also stated that at least 40 more helicopters are needed to ferry
lifesaving aid to increasingly desperate people. Many of those cut off are in the mountainous northwest,
where roads and bridges have been swept away.
Province Deaths Injured Houses Damaged Population Affected
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 1,156 1,198 200,799 3,800,000
Punjab 110 350 509,814 8,200,000
Total 1,974 3,028 1,910,439 20,274,250
Source: NDMA,PDMAs,GBDMA,FDMA
Table 4 - Pakistan Flood Losses (as of 13 October 2010)
The degree of severity to which people have been affected by the floods varies depending on their
particular losses and damages. UN assessments have been launched in at least three provinces to identify
severely affected families who require life-saving humanitarian assistance. The UN experts have
identified 2.7 million people in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 5.3 million in Punjab and 4.4 million in Sindh that
are in need of immediate humanitarian assistance.
Figure 14: Flood flow
Charsadda and Nowshera Floods Situational Assessment
and Findings----------------------------------
Devastating floods after the westerlies and monsoon combined
CHARSADDA AND NOWSHERA FLOODS SITUATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND FINDINGS
The local population faced the accumulated flood waters from Kabul and Swat rivers and from
numerous flood channels flowing from the adjoining FATA regions and Malakand Division.
Even when the flood waters receded the River Kabul continued to flow much beyond its normal
span. Indus River had caused a massive flood water back flow resulting in extensive flooding in
the southern parts of Nowhsera district and in Swabi. The Humanitarian losses are extensive in
terms of loss of lives, livelihoods and housing, as follows:
Chasadda:
27 deaths are reported by the district government. However, PDMA losses update of 1 August,
2200 hours, indicates 39 deaths; All 29 Union Councils affected; One million is affected by the
disaster as per DCO (they require assistance in some shape); 60,000 are considered to be most
vulnerable. They are being provided daily food support so far by the District Government and are
among the poorest segments; Internally displaced persons are being housed in 500 educational
intuitions across the district; There has been an extensive loss of standing sugarcane and other
crops in particular along the eastern bank of River Kabul. Clearly the poorest sections who
constitute 80% of the district population1 are the worst affected; Nearly 1000 people have
temporarily migrated to Peshawar; and Dead livestock pose a serious health hazard.
Nowshera
Nowshera is the worse hit out the two districts as massive flooding along either banks of the
Kabul River has caused immense losses in lives, habitats, standing crops and in livelihoods. With
respect to Nowshera, the PDMA update of 1 August, 2200 hours indicates: Loss of Life: 167
(local civil and military authorities, however, indicate that the loss of life could be as high as
800- 900; Internally displaced: 500,000; and Nearly 4000 are still trapped in life threatening
situations. Vulnerability to Water Borne Diseases: The stagnant flood waters pose a major threat
of onset of water borne diseases in both the districts: diarrhea, AWT, malaria etc. Loss of
Communication Infrastructure: Some road links have been restored but the severed road access,
land lines and mobile cell services are seriously impeding assessments of losses and response
services delivery. Governance Capacity: has been seriously undermined as many government
officials are among the floods affected and are not attending to their functions; The poor
governance capacity combined with frustrations caused by general lack of access to relief
assistance is generating public frustration and causing serious law and order situations.
The Longer Term Impact
The short term vulnerabilities are likely to be accentuated by major losses sustained by the
agricultural infrastructure of the region due to damages caused to the water regulatory Munda
Headwork (in Upper Charsadda close to Mohmand Agency) and to the irrigation canals. This is
likely to gravely undermine the winter crops yield over and above the current losses to the staple
and cash crops.
Need of the detailed Survey and ILAP Response
Given the dire situation, the humanitarian response must concurrently address Humanitarian
needs of the flood affected areas in Nowhsera district in particular; Assessments that facilitate in
focusing the response to the needs; and Resource mobilization efforts. In the light of this need
identification by relevant clusters / agencies ILAP decided to facilitate the process of deployment
of respective response outreach across the affected regions. It was noticed that vulnerable
communities seem to be poorly represented in the local decision making forums. Therefore it
was decided by ILAP board to include them in the humanitarian response outreach; The
dimensions of the floods disaster are still not fully known at this stage due to a massive gap in
communicating at least what is known. Therefore, improving upon information management
constitutes a priority area; It was highly recommended by the inter-agency network working in
the region that assessment must factor support to the host families who, as in the past, are
accommodating most IDPs across the affected regions; It has been observed that disaster
response must factor serious constraints accruing from reduced capacity of the local governance,
severed land communications and cell phone coverage; and
Last but not the least the response must be guided by the considerations of humanity, neutrality
and impartiality to avert the possibility of the response being guided by political and religious
considerations.
Table 5: Flood affected communities
Table 6: Affected Population of KPK
I-LAP Targeted UCs of Charsadda
S.No Name UC Expected
Population
1. Agra 30000
2. Mirza Dher 100000
3. Nissatta 60000
4. Hisara
Yasinzai
40000
5. Hisara 25000
6. Rajar 40000
7. Tangi 60000
8. Tarnab 50000
Table 7: I-LAP targeted UCs of Charsadda
I-LAP Targeted UCs of Nowshera
S.No Name UC Expected Population
1. Naway Killay 5000
2. Chowki Town 4000
3. Chowki Memrez 20000
4. Akbar Pura 12000
5. Chowki Darab 8000
6. Balu 4000
7. Taru Jabba 20000
8. Kabal River 10000
Table 8: I-LAP targeted UCs of Nowshera
Priority of Needs
Food Security;
Livelihood Agriculture, Live stock, business and employment
WASH with emphasis on potable water distribution;
Health: preventing water borne diseases;
Shelter: The needs identified in the two targeted districts are 10,000 for each;
Clothing for the vulnerable;
Provision of de-watering pumps; and
Generating awareness of disease prevention through mass communication.
Figure 15: Priority Needs to Revive Community Life Cycle
Food Security;
Livelihood
WASH
Health
Shelter
Clothing for the vulnerable;
Provision of de-watering pumps;
and
Awareness through mass
communication.
Key
Fin
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gs
are
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at A
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ura
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ivit
ies,
liv
esto
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nd
pro
tect
ion
an
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esto
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on
of
pro
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e as
sets
are
cru
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fo
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f co
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un
itie
s 1- AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOOD
Key Findings that Agricultural activities, livestock, and protection and restoration of
productive assets are crucial for revival of communities
Based on household recall of their main source of livelihood before the floods,
significant changes in livelihood have occurred as a result of the floods.
Before flood most of the communities were dependent on farming/ landowner
and livestock as major source of income as following graphs indicates, after flood major
fall in the activity can be observed
After flood skilled wage labour has increased from 40% that indicates high need
for CASH FOR WORK grants for community revival
Figure 16 - Change in Livelihood
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Before After
Change in Livelihood
Remittances
Unskilled wage labor
Skilled wage labor
Shopkeeper/Trader
Income support (Zakat/Aid etc)
Services(Govt or Pvt)
Agri. Commodities trade (fruit and vegetables)
Livestock
Farming/Landowner
Key Findings Agriculture and Livelihood losses
Agricultural losses are dramatic.
KPK reports the least agricultural land lost (around 50%).
Significant losses in animal fodder.
Over 40% of households report losing the majority or their entire rice crop.
In spite of losses, households still possess livestock.
A large proportion of fodder has been lost so feed for these animals is a priority.
The most often cited reason for the inability to plant the next crop was that the households do not
expect the floodwaters to recede in time.
Figure 17 - Percentage of Cropland Lost
Figure 18 - Percent of Crop Loss
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Punjab
KPK
Percentage of Cropland Lost
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Rice Pulse Cotton Sugar Cane Maize Vegetables
Percent of Crop Loss
5=76-100%
4=51-75%
3=26-50%
2= 1-25%
1= None
Figure 19 - How long Lost Assets Should have Lasted
Losses to Stored Food Items
Most of the communities have lost their stored food and grains
45% respondent communities have lost all types of food items
50% has lost stored seeds, resulting in crucial damage to ability to cultivate next crop creating an
alarming situation to livelihood
50-60% have lost all fodder and shelter for their livestock in addition to animal loss
These figures raises alarming situation in reference to upcoming livelihood revival in the
communities
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Loss of stored grain, seeds and straw
One quarter
Half
Three quarters
All
Losses to businesses and employment
Non-farm livelihoods were heavily affected by the floods
Households not engaged in agriculture report that there business or employment situation has
been “totally effected” by the floods.
Households reported that their non-agricultural livelihood had not been impacted.
Figure 20 - Effect on Business Employment
Figure 21 - Decline in Household Income
The highest priorities for resuming agricultural work and livelihood activities
Note: highest 1st and 2
nd highest need are inter linked with other Inputs (seed, fertilizers, tools), Finance
(cash for work, etc), Land reclamation Repair and Rehabilitation and Material Assistance.
Figure 22 - 1st Highest Needs
Figure 23 - 2nd Highest Needs
A. Cash for work8% B. Food for
work7%
C. Food aid17%
D. Shelter19%
E. Agricultural Inputs26%
F. Livestock23%
1st Highest Needs of your household now
G. NFI22%
H. Nutrition12%
J. WASH24%
K. Education19%
L. Health21%
M. Protection2%
2nd Highest Needs of your household now
Loss of Livelihood Soruce
Mother and Child Health
(mal-nutrition)
National Impact
(nutrition as major source
of protein)
Losses in Livestock
Livestock was a major livelihood source in the communities, in addition to that livestock was
also important for other areas in the country and to cover the nutrition of the local families, thus
the loss will not only result in economic losses but will also reflect on local and national health
specifically in reference to mother and
child health, creating and alarming
situation towards achievement of MDG
3 and 4.
50-60% have lost all fodder and shelter
for their livestock in addition to animal
loss
These figures raises alarming situation
in reference to upcoming livelihood
revival in the communities
Figure 25: Livestock Loss
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Before After
Livestock (Animals)
9. Animals Lost in Flood
8. Camels
7. Donkey/mules
6. Oxen
5. Horses
4. Poultry
3. Sheep/goats
2. Buffaloes
1. Cows
Figure 24: Impact of Livestock Loss
2- SHELTER SOLUTIONS AND THE REPAIR AND REBUILDING OF THEIR HOUSES
42% of households surveyed reported that their house was completely destroyed
Only 9% of households surveyed reported that their houses were not damaged
86% of households reported that they owned the land they lived on prior to the floods
27% reported that they are concerned that they have lost the land their house was build on
Materials to be used for re-building and repair
o Tent
o Temporary shelter
o Cash to purchase non-food items
Figure 26 - Land Ownership
Table 9 - Shelter Need Assessment
Figure 27 - Main Material and Type of House
Figure 28: Main material needed
The assessment indicates dire need for shelter as only 4% of the communities are in settled in
their residence, all rest 96% has suffered one way or the other.
The most needy are the 54% whose shelter are all destroyed and they have most of the building
materials meaning they need immediate support in form of material and grant and shelter too
24% are left with debris that means they immediately need some material to re-use some of the
material they are left with
Winter season has started in the region and already weather at night is chilli, just after a month
the weather will be cold and if the shelter is still not provided many lives of vulnerable will be at
risk and pneumonia could raise death toll.
Figure 29: Current situation of Shelter
37%
6%30%
15%
3%
9%
Current Situation of Shelter
1. On the site of the house (damaged house/tent)
2. Spontaneous settlement
3. Camp
4. Host family
5. Rented accommodation
6. Collective centers (schools/public buildings)
3- WASH (WATER, SANITATION, HYGIENE)
Water
Increased use of unprotected water sources for drinking across,
Approximately a 20% drop in the sufficiency of water reported
The drop in access to protected water sources was most pronounced in Punjab
Reduction in the quantity of drinking water available across
Disrepair and damage to water sources as compared to the pre-flood situation.
Households in the survey report using some kind of water treatment method
Households reported having appropriate, safe water storage.
It is adult women who are most likely to be the ones collecting water.
Figure 30 - Drinking Water Sources, Before and After Floods
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Before After
Drinking water source (WS1, WS2)
Other unimproved sources
Other Improved sources
Bowser/Tanker
Piped water supply
Unprotected hand pump
Protected hand pump
Unprotected well/spring
Protected well/spring
Canals/ponds/rivers
Figure 31 - Sufficient Drinking Water Sources
Figure 32 - Status of Repair of Water Sources
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1=Sufficient
Drinking Water Source Sufficient
Before
After
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Before After
Status of Repair of Water Sources
3=Not working
2= Disrepair
1= Good
Figure 33 - Water Containment Method
Figure 34 - Water Treatment Methods Since Floods
Boiling6%
Filtering3%
Open storage39%
Dirty container13%
Closed container39%
Water Containment
Chemical disinfection6%
Boiling12%
Filtering6%
Solar20%
Decanting9%
No Water Treatment Reported
47%
Water Treatment Method Since Floods
Sanitation
At the household level men and women reported separately about the availability and condition
of latrines.
The results show very little difference between the reporting of men and women and also
illustrate that their perceptions were consistent.
Less than 10-20% of households had access to a toilet that was considered to be clean and in
good working order.
For men, women, boys and girls there has been a decrease in the use of household latrines and an
increase in the use of communal latrines and in defecating in the open.
Figure 35 - Site of Defecation
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1
Site of Defecation
5=(open field(away from shelter)
4= Near to Shelter(Excrement left)
3=Near to shelter(Excrement removed)
2=latrines(Household)
1=Latrines(communal)
Hygiene
Interviews with households indicate that many people know about washing hands prior to eating
but are not available with sources. Only 6% of households report not washing hands at all.
Figure 36 - Soap and Water Before Eating
Figure 37 - Sanitary Napkins since the Floods
Yes, water and soap26%
Only water68%
Neither water nor soap6%
Soap and Water Before Eating
Environmental issues relating to public health
Stagnant water remained where people were living
The most stagnant water was reported in Punjab
Women are most likely, in all provinces, to be the ones responsible for removing garbage from
houses/shelters.
Households reported a lot of vectors (in this case mosquito) around their dwellings.
Dengue cases are also an alarm to human life not only in the flood affected region but also the
other areas of the country too as people are rapidly moving between regions these days.
Figure 38 - Pools of Stagnant Water
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1
Pools of Stagnant Water
3. A lot
2. Few
1. None
Nutrition
The floods have had a negative impact on infant feeding practices.
Nursing mothers report at the household level that they have reduced breast feeding and
some have stopped breast feeding since the floods
Women report that they do not have sufficient privacy to breast feed
Mothers with young children report having to reduce the complementary food given.
Across both provinces there were reports of distribution of infant feeding supplies.
Specialized nutrition interventions were seldom reported by households
Health
Community groups report they are most likely to access health care from a hospital or heath
centre.
Fever, skin disease are the most common health concerns in the communities.
Main issue is accessibility to the area due to destruction of roads and bridges.
Diarrheal cases are increasing due to contaminated water
The district health staff are also affected by the floods. Human resource support is provided by
EDO H, Mardan
Medicines stock damaged/destroyed in most of the health facilities.
Nowshera and Charsadda Health Issues:
Total 23 UCs are affected out of 47 affected completely and cut off from three sides due to
destruction of roads and bridges. The affected population is .7 million. Telephone and cellular
service is not working in the district. Jalozai camp is also affected and Diarrheal Treatment Center is
needed to be establish in Jalozai camp. One DTC each in Pabbi Satellite Hospital and DHQ
Nowshera is needed.
DHQ Nowshera is fully affected by floods and hospital infrastructure is fully damaged.
Jalozai camp was cut off for last 3 days due to destruction of main bridge by floods.
Diarrheal cases are increasing in Jalozai camp due to contaminated water
The district health staff is also affected by the floods. Human resource support is provided by
EDO H, Peshawar to Pabbi Satellite Hospital.
Drugs stock is damaged, Cholera kits, IEHK, MEHK needed.
Figure 39 - Nearest Health Facility for Access to Health Care
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
BHU ( Basic Health Unit)
RHC( Rural Health Centre)
THQ(Tehsil Headquarters
Hospital)
DHQ(district Headquarters
Hospital)
Civil dispensary Temporary Health Facility
Mobile Clinic
Health Facility for Access to Health Care
Male
Female
Figure 40 - Health Problems
4- SOCIAL PROTECTION, FOOD SECURITY AND SOCIAL
SAFETY NETS
Food stock
Households reported having received food aide in the two
weeks before the survey
On average, male and female community groups report
that children aged between 1 and 5 years old receive less
than 2.5 meals a day. There is no reported difference in the
amount of food given to male and female children in this
age group.11
Mostly households lost all food stock as a result of the
floods.
The assessment indicated an absence of food stock of
households reported having no food stock
DISRUPTION OF
LOCAL ECONOMY,
MONEY AND MARKETS
The floods has resulted in
major change in socio-
economic patterns of the
residing communities due
to disruption in livelihood
sources and destruction of
shelter. The situation has
raised many social issues
questioning availability of
protection mechanism for
children and women and
other vulnerable groups
specifically minorities in
the region.
Figure 41 - Available Food Stock
Near to 60% of the respondents told that they have no food stock, meaning that they need very
regular supply of food for their survival, and they are already mal-nourished as now it has been
more than 90 days that they are in this situation.
And 15% respondents have less than one week‟s food storage
Only 7% of the respondents told that people have more than two weeks food stock with them
Indicating high need of food items and food security as major area to be focused
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1
Available Food Stock
Don’t know
2 – 4 weeks
1- <2 weeks
< 1 week
No food Stock
Figure 42 - Loss of Food Stocks
Figure 43 - Spending on Food
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Loss of Food Stocks
3. None
2=Part,
1=Full,
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
1. Bread Wheat, Wheat Flour
2. Rice
3. Maize
4. Dhal Chana
5. Oil, Ghee ,Butter
6. Sugar
7. Milk, Cheese, yogurt
8. Meat ,fish ,eggs
9. Vegetables, Fruits
Spend LAST WEEK for FOOD (Rs.)
Markets
Communities and sites men had access to a functioning market.
Communities surveyed women had access to a functioning market.
Communities the closest market was said to be closed.
Figure 44 - Access to Functional Markets
Figure 45 - Commodities Available now
Figure 46 - Women Access to Functional Markets
Figure 47 - Men Access to Functional Markets
5- OTHERS – CROSS CUTTING ISSUES OF VULNERABILITY, PROTECTION, GENDER ISSUES
WOMEN/CULTURAL ISSUES/PEACE, MASS COMMUNICATIONS AND ENVIRONMENT
ID cards and documentation
Households in both provinces surveyed reported the loss of documents such as National ID
Cards, Property documents and Birth or Death certificates.
Vulnerability and Protection Issues
Households report resorting to a range of coping strategies that are known to have negative
impacts. These include; debt, borrowing, reducing meal size, skipping meals and women eating
less than men.
A few weeks in to the disaster a small number of households report they will spend less on health
care in order to purchase food and others report they will withdraw children from school.
Community Services and Infrastructure
Very few services for women (such as, women‟s shelters, psychological counseling, legal aid, ID
card issuance, or women‟s health facilities) were found to exist in the communities covered by
the survey.
The highest priority in terms of the restoration of community infrastructure for both male and
female community groups were mosques.
Most people surveyed don‟t know about the status of government buildings in their place of
origin
Figure 48 - Community Infrastructure
Education
The most frequently mentioned reason for children not going to school by both male and female
community groups in the areas surveyed was that the schools had been damaged in the floods.
Although schools were on vacation at the time of the survey, the Education Cluster had opened
some learning centres and these could be what is reflected
Figure 49 - Education
Health service delivery
Most community groups (424 out of 689) had access to a health facility within an hour of where
they are staying.
Many of these health facilities are damaged to some degree.
Community groups report using hospitals and health centres much more than any other kind of
health facility
Figure 50 – Health settings
Figure 51 - Health Service Delivery Time
Figure 52 - Health Level of Damage
Mass Communication
61% of households have an active cell phone.
SMS as a means of passing on information is mentioned by only 9% of households.
Word of mouth is the way most people receive information (82%)
The best way for women to receive information is from their husband or another male family
member (81%).
Figure 53 - MASS Communication
Vulnerable Children
137 male community groups (38%) and 107 female community groups (35%) reported seeing or
knowing of children at the site who were considered “vulnerable”. Examples of vulnerable
children were given as “orphans, without their usual care givers, who don‟t appear to be with
adults, who are disabled”.
Unaccompanied elderly people had been observed by the community groups at the places they
were staying.
Disputes at the Site
Male community groups in 102 (out of 359) sites and female community groups in 84 (out of
309 sites) reported disputes in their community since the floods.
Reasons for disputes were ranked the same by separate male and female groups; access to food,
access to NFIs, rubbish/waste disposal, use of latrines and bathing facilities were the most
common causes of disputes.
Both men and women see family elders as the most effective in resolving disputes; this is
followed in both groups by police.
Figure 54 - Conflicts Resolution
Violence against Women
Households reported suspected violence against women in KPK, Punjab and Sindh
Over 10% of the total sample households reported violence against women with some of the
households in these three provinces saying violence against women was common.
No reports of violence came from the province of Gilgit Baltistan at the household level
Figure 55 - Perception of Security
Figure 56 - Minorities
Figure 57 - Interfaith Dialogue
YES25%
NO56%
Don’t Know19%
Minorities been equally treated during food and NFI distributions AFTER flood
Yes80%
No5%
Maybe15%
Should a NGOs (I-LAP) hold a Interfaith Dialogue
Figure 58 - PEACE Mission
Yes75%
No10%
Don’t Know15%
PEACE Mission and Committees
RAHIM YAR KHAN FLOODS SITUATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND
FINDINGS ……………………………….
Waters when receded towards Rahim Yar Khan washed out all
life.........and left people with no food, no crop, no shelter & all pain
RAHIM YAR KHAN FLOODS SITUATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND FINDINGS
Rahim Yar Khan is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan, the city of Rahim Yar Khan is
the capital. The district lies between 27.40' - 29.16' north latitudes and 60.45' - 70.01' east
longitudes. The Indus flows on the northern outskirts of the districts of Dera Ghazi Khan and
Muzaffargarh. Rahim Yar Khan is bounded on the north by Muzaffargarh District, on the east
by Bahawalpur District, on the south by Jaisalmer (India) and Ghotki District of Sindh province
and on the west by Rajanpur District. The district has an area of 11,880 square kilometers and
comprises four Tehsils, which contain a total of 122 Union Council there are four municipal
committees and five town committees in the district as follows:
Province District Tehsil
Punjab Rahim Yar Khan Rahim Yar Khan
Sadiq Abad
Khan Pur
Liaquat Pur
Table 10 - Administrative divisions
Demography:
According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the total population of Rahim Yar Khan district was
3,141,053 of which 19.16% were urban an intercensal percentage increase of 70.6 since March,
1981 when it was 1,841,451. The average annual growth rate was 3.2 percent during this period.
The total area of the district is 11,880 square kilometers which gives population density of 264
persons per square kilometer as against 155 persons observed in 1981 indicating a fast growth
rate of the district.
Religion:
The population of the district is predominantly Muslims i.e. 96.7 percent. The next higher
percentage is of Hindu (Jati) with 1.8 percent, followed by Scheduled Castes 0.6 percent. While
other minorities like Christians, Ahmadi etc. are very small in number. The proportion of
population of Muslims is higher in urban than rural areas. Christians are mostly living in urban
areas representing 1.2 percent as compare to 0.2 percent in rural areas. Ahmadis are equal in
proportion in urban and rural areas
Languages
Siraiki is the predominant language being spoken in the district, representing 72.6 percent of the
population, followed by Punjabi and Urdu spoken by 17.3 and 2.9 percent respectively and
Sindhi by 2.0 percent while others speak Pushto, Balochi, Bravi, Dari etc.
Literacy and education
The literacy ratio in the district has increased from 20.0 percent in 1981 to 33.1 percent in 1998.
The literacy ratio for males is 43.4 percent as against 21.8 percent for females. The ratio is much
higher in urban when compared with rural areas both for male and female. In 1998, 33.1 percent
of the population was reported as being able to read at least one language. This was up from 20
percent in 1981. In urban areas, 65.0 percent of males and 48.4 percent of women were able to
read. In rural areas, 37.9 percent of males, and 14.9 percent of females were able to read. there is
a kh.freed college a university campus of islamia university of BWP a medical college and a
women college.
The Flood
When flood entered Rahim Yar Khan,
it washed away not only crops but
hopes of thousands of families for
better future as flood water totally
destroyed ready crops of cotton, maize,
mango trees and others. As reported by
UN-OCHA in Rahim Yar Khan more
than 100,000 families are vulnerable
and needed immediate response for
survival. More than .5 million are
affected directly by the flood waters.40 out of 125 UCs are affected, 89 villages badly affected, affected
area in acres is more than 110,775, crop area affected is
112,229 acres, housed damaged/destroyed include
13,425 (Source : Punjab Government Board of Revenue and
Crisis and Relief Department report dated 7 Aug 2010).
Figure 59: Rahim Yar Khan Flood Situation (Courtesy UNOCHA)
Priority of Needs
Food Security;
Livelihood Agriculture, Live stock, business and employment
WASH with emphasis on potable water distribution;
Health: preventing water borne diseases;
Shelter: The needs identified in the two targeted districts are 10,000 for each;
Clothing for the vulnerable;
Provision of de-watering pumps; and
Generating awareness of disease prevention through mass communication.
Tehsils & Unions in the District of Rahim Yar Khan
Name Of Tehsil Name Of Union Council Name of Affected Survey
Villages
Total
Population
Rahim Yar
Khan
Code 1A
Rajan Pur Kalan
Code 1A1
Mud Manthar 2579
Rasool Pur 2072
Kot Karam Khan
Code 1A2
Bait ALLAH Wasaya 1519
Makhan Bella 2542
Chak 46 785
Kot Karam Khan 6297
Kacha Mahazi 1483
Muslim Abad 1234
Abad Pur Code
1A3
Nonari 7190
Bait Meer Ahmed 3502
Chak 49 489
Abad Pur 5763
Shah Pur
Code 1A4
Ehsan Pur 3915
Fateh Pur Tawana 1626
Chak Veha 910
Kacha Gopang 755
Thul Khair Muhammad
Code 1A6
Bait Dur Muhammad 542
Faiz Abad 1176
Khalti 3390
Thul Hassan 3651
Haji Pur
Code 1A5
Haji pur 2196
Kachi Zaman 3817
Manak 1120
Nawaz Abad 1090
Hamid Pur 2305
Khan Pur
Code 1D
Chacharan Sharif
Code 1D1
Chacharan Sharif 11480
Bait Mugal 613
Ahmed Kudan 4007
Mud Adil 1561
Bait Faiz Abad 208
Mehran 430
Kadir Pur
Code 1D2
Choudhry 1130
Waghwan 3671
Gud pur 350
Chak Ahmad Yar 1150
Chak Faiz Ahmad 208
Laiquat Pur
Code 1C
Jhok Ghulab Shah
Code 1C1
Bana Roya 3873
Ghabol 3222
Bait ALLAH Wasay 2881
Bait Soi 2230
Tibi Jhulan 3790
Bait Imam Bukhsh Macchi 1621
Ahmed Ali Lar
Code 1C2
Ahmed Ali Lar 2592
Mud Daulat Shah 1700
Fakhar Abad 1900
Sadiq Abad
Code 1B
Malik Ibrahim
Code 1B2
Chak 205 4500
Chak 206 2300
Chak 216 2500
Table 11 - Tehsils & Unions in the District of Rahim Yar Khan
1- AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOOD
Based on household recall of their main source of livelihood before the floods, significant
changes in livelihood have occurred as a result of the floods.
The percentage of household describing themselves as without a main source of livelihood
Farming has reduced from around 50 to 60%% of household‟s main form of livelihood to being
cited as the main source of livelihood for less than 10%.
Figure 60 - Change in Livelihood
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Before After
Change in Livelihood
Remittances
Unskilled wage labor
Skilled wage labor
Shopkeeper/Trader
Income support (Zakat/Aid etc)
Services(Govt or Pvt)
Agri. Commodities trade (fruit and vegetables)
Livestock
Farming/Landowner
Key Findings that Agricultural activities, livestock, and protection and
restoration of productive assets have Changes in Livelihood
Key Findings Agriculture and Livelihood losses
Agricultural losses are dramatic.
For Rahim Yar Khan estimate losses to cropland of between 90% and 100%
Almost 50% of households growing cotton report losing their entire crop.
Significant losses in animal fodder.
Over 40% of households report losing the majority or their entire rice crop.
In spite of losses, a few households still possess livestock.
A large proportion of fodder has been lost so feed for these animals is a priority.
The most often cited reason for the inability to plant the next crop was that the households do not
expect the floodwaters to recede in time.
The Potential Impact of the Loss of the Cotton Harvest on Women‟s Income
Cotton, which was approaching harvest when the floods occurred, was the crop where most losses
were reported.
Around 45% of households involved in agriculture reported losing this year‟s entire cotton crop.
A further 10% reported losing some of their cotton crop.
The inability to harvest cotton will have a significant impact on women in areas where cotton is
farmed.
Harvesting cotton is an important form of income generation for women.
The harvest is the only part of the cotton cycle that women are involved in and frequently, but the
time of the harvest,
Women have taken out loans from informal money lenders in anticipation of the income they will
make.
Figure 61 - Live Stock Losses
Figure 62 - Percentage of Cropland Lost
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Before After
Livestock (Animals)
9. Animals Lost in Flood
8. Camels
7. Donkey/mules
6. Oxen
5. Horses
4. Poultry
3. Sheep/goats
2. Buffaloes
1. Cows
0 20 40 60 80 100
Punjab
KPK
Percentage of Cropland Lost
Figure 63 - Percent of Crop Loss
Figure 64 - How long Lost Assets Should have Lasted
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Rice Pulse Cotton Sugar Cane Maize Vegetables
Percent of Crop Loss
5=76-100%
4=51-75%
3=26-50%
2= 1-25%
1= None
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Stored food grains Stored seed Straw/Hay etc Animal Shelter
Loss of stored grain, seeds and straw
One quarter
Half
Three quarters
All
Losses to businesses and employment
Non-farm livelihoods were heavily affected by the floods
Households not engaged in agriculture report that there business or employment situation has
been “totally effected” by the floods.
Households reported that their non-agricultural livelihood had not been impacted.
Figure 65 - Effect on Business Employment
Figure 66 - Decline in Household Income
The highest priorities for resuming agricultural work and livelihood activities
Note: highest 1st and 2
nd highest need are inter linked with other Inputs (seed, fertilizers, tools), Finance
(cash for work, etc), Land reclamation Repair and Rehabilitation and Material Assistance.
Figure 67 - 1st Highest Needs
A. Cash for work7%
B. Food for work7%
C. Food aid14%
D. Shelter16%
E. Agricultural Inputs30%
F. Livestock26%
1st Highest Needs of your household now
Figure 68 - 2nd Highest Needs
G. NFI20%
H. Nutrition11%
J. WASH29%
K. Education18%
L. Health20%
M. Protection2%
2nd Highest Needs of your household now
2- SHELTER SOLUTIONS AND THE REPAIR AND REBUILDING OF THEIR HOUSES
More 39% of households surveyed reported that their house was completely destroyed
Only 7% of households surveyed reported that their house was not damaged
66% of households reported that they owned the land they lived on prior to the floods
20% reported that they are concerned that they have lost the land their house was build on
o Materials to use for re-building and repair
o Tent
o Temporary shelter
o Cash to purchase non-food items
Figure 69 - Land Ownership
Table 12 - Shelter Need Assessment
Figure 70 - Main Material and Type of House
Figure 71: Main material utilization/ needed
3- WASH (WATER, SANITATION, HYGIENE)
Water
Increased use of unprotected water sources for drinking across,
Approximately a 20% drop in the sufficiency of water reported
The drop in access to protected water sources was most pronounced in Punjab
Reduction in the quantity of drinking water available across
Disrepair and damage to water sources as compared to the pre-flood situation.
Households in the survey report using some kind of water treatment method
Households reported having appropriate, safe water storage.
It is adult women who are most likely to be the ones collecting water.
Figure 72 - Drinking Water Sources, Before and After Floods
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Before After
Drinking water source (WS1, WS2)
Other unimproved sources
Other Improved sources
Bowser/Tanker
Piped water supply
Unprotected hand pump
Protected hand pump
Unprotected well/spring
Protected well/spring
Canals/ponds/rivers
Figure 73 - Sufficient Drinking Water Sources
Figure 74 - Status of Repair of Water Sources
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1=Sufficient
Drinking Water Source Sufficient
Before
After
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Before After
Status of Repair of Water Sources
3=Not working
2= Disrepair
1= Good
Figure 75 - Water Containment Method
Figure 76 - Water Treatment Methods Since Floods
Boiling7%
Filtering3%
Open storage33%
Dirty container17%
Closed container40%
Water Containment
Chemical disinfection
13%
Boiling14%
Filtering14%
Solar9%
Decanting8%
No Water Treatment Reported
42%
Water Treatment Method Since Floods
Sanitation
At the household level men and women reported separately about the availability and condition
of latrines.
The results show very little difference between the reporting of men and women and also
illustrate that their perceptions were consistent.
Less than 10-20% of households had access to a toilet that was considered to be clean and in
good working order.
For men, women, boys and girls there has been a decrease in the use of household latrines and an
increase in the use of communal latrines and in defecating in the open.
Figure 77 - Site of Defecation
Hygiene
Interviews with households indicate that many people know about washing hands prior to eating.
Only 6% of households report not washing hands at all.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1
Site of Defecation
5=(open field(away from shelter)
4= Near to Shelter(Excrement left)
3=Near to shelter(Excrement removed)
2=latrines(Household)
1=Latrines(communal)
Figure 78 - Soap and Water Before Eating
Figure 79 - Sanitary Napkins since the Floods
Environmental issues relating to public health
Stagnant water remained where people were living
The most stagnant water was reported in Punjab
Yes, water and soap35%
Only water58%
Neither water nor soap
7%
Soap and Water Before Eating
Women are most likely, in all provinces, to be the ones responsible for removing garbage from
houses/shelters.
Households reported a lot of vectors (in this case mosquito) around their dwellings.
Figure 80 - Pools of Stagnant Water
Nutrition
The floods have had a negative impact on infant feeding practices.
Nursing mothers report at the household level that they have reduced breast feeding and
some have stopped breast feeding since the floods
Women report that they do not have sufficient privacy to breast feed
Mothers with young children report having to reduce the complementary food given.
Across both provinces there were reports of distribution of infant feeding supplies.
Specialized nutrition interventions were seldom reported by households
Health
Community groups report they are most likely to access health care from a hospital or heath
centre.
Fever, skin disease are the most common health concerns in the communities.
Main issue is accessibility to the area due to destruction of roads and bridges.
Diarrheal cases are increasing due to contaminated water
The district health staff are also affected by the floods. Human resource support is provided by
EDO H, Mardan
Medicines stock damaged/destroyed in most of the health facilities.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
Pools of Stagnant Water
3. A lot
2. Few
1. None
Figure 81 - Nearest Health Facility for Access to Health Care
Figure 82: I-LAP team investigating MNCH health issues in the communities
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
BHU ( Basic Health Unit)
RHC( Rural Health Centre)
THQ(Tehsil Headquarters
Hospital)
DHQ(district Headquarters
Hospital)
Civil dispensary Temporary Health Facility
Mobile Clinic
Health Facility for Access to Health Care
Male
Female
4- SOCIAL PROTECTION, FOOD SECURITY AND SOCIAL SAFETY NETS
Disruption of the local economy: money and markets
Food stock
Households reported having received food aide in the two weeks before the survey
On average, male and female community groups report that children aged between 1 and 5 years
old receive less than 2.5 meals a day. There is no reported difference in the amount of food given
to male and female children in this age group.11
Mostly households lost all food stock as a result of the floods.
The assessment indicated an absence of food stock of households reported having no food stock
Figure 83 - Available Food Stock
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1
Available Food Stock
Don’t know
2 – 4 weeks
1- <2 weeks
< 1 week
No food Stock
Figure 84 - Loss of Food Stocks
Figure 85 - Spending on Food
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Loss of Food Stocks
3. None
2=Part,
1=Full,
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
1. Bread Wheat, Wheat Flour
2. Rice
3. Maize
4. Dhal Chana
5. Oil, Ghee ,Butter
6. Sugar
7. Milk, Cheese, yogurt
8. Meat ,fish ,eggs
9. Vegetables, Fruits
Spend LAST WEEK for FOOD (Rs.)
Markets
Communities and sites men had access to a functioning market.
Communities surveyed women had access to a functioning market.
Communities the closest market was said to be closed.
Figure 86 - Access to Functional Markets
Figure 87 - Commodities Available now
Figure 88 - Women Access to Functional Markets
Figure 89 - Men Access to Functional Markets
5- OTHERS – CROSS CUTTING ISSUES OF VULNERABILITY, PROTECTION, GENDER ISSUES
WOMEN/CULTURAL ISSUES/PEACE, MASS COMMUNICATIONS AND ENVIRONMENT
ID cards and documentation
Households in both provinces surveyed reported the loss of documents such as National ID
Cards, Property documents and Birth or Death certificates.
Vulnerability and Protection Issues
Households report resorting to a range of coping strategies that are known to have negative
impacts. These include; debt, borrowing, reducing meal size, skipping meals and women eating
less than men.
A few weeks in to the disaster a small number of households report they will spend less on health
care in order to purchase food and others report they will withdraw children from school.
Community Services and Infrastructure
Very few services for women (such as, women‟s shelters, psychological counseling, legal aid, ID
card issuance, or women‟s health facilities) were found to exist in the communities covered by
the survey.
The highest priority in terms of the restoration of community infrastructure for both male and
female community groups were mosques.
Most people surveyed don‟t know about the status of government buildings in their place of
origin
Figure 90 - Community Infrastructure
Education
The most frequently mentioned reason for children not going to school by both male and female
community groups in the areas surveyed was that the schools had been damaged in the floods.
Although schools were on vacation at the time of the survey, the Education Cluster had opened
some learning centres and these could be what is reflected
Figure 91 - Education
Health service delivery
Most community groups (424 out of 689) had access to a health facility within an hour of where
they are staying.
Many of these health facilities are damaged to some degree.
Community groups report using hospitals and health centres much more than any other kind of
health facility
Figure 92 - Health
Figure 93 - Health Service Delivery Time
Figure 94 - Health Level of Damage
Mass Communication
61% of households have an active cell phone.
SMS as a means of passing on information is mentioned by only 9% of households.
Word of mouth is the way most people receive information (82%)
The best way for women to receive information is from their husband or another male family
member (81%).
Figure 95 - MASS Communication
Vulnerable Children
137 male community groups (38%) and 107 female community groups (35%) reported seeing or
knowing of children at the site who were considered “vulnerable”. Examples of vulnerable
children were given as “orphans, without their usual care givers, who don‟t appear to be with
adults, who are disabled”.
Unaccompanied elderly people had been observed by the community groups at the places they
were staying.
Disputes at the Site
Male community groups in 102 (out of 359) sites and female community groups in 84 (out of
309 sites) reported disputes in their community since the floods.
Reasons for disputes were ranked the same by separate male and female groups; access to food,
access to NFIs, rubbish/waste disposal, use of latrines and bathing facilities were the most
common causes of disputes.
Both men and women see family elders as the most effective in resolving disputes; this is
followed in both groups by police.
Figure 96 - Conflicts Resolution
Violence against Women
Households reported suspected violence against women in KPK, Punjab and Sindh
Over 10% of the total sample households reported violence against women with some of the
households in these three provinces saying violence against women was common.
No reports of violence came from the province of Gilgit Baltistan at the household level
Figure 97 - Perception of Security
Figure 98 - Minorities
Figure 99 - Interfaith Dialogue
YES20%
NO60%
Don’t Know20%
Minorities been equally treated during food and NFI distributions AFTER flood
Yes80%
No5%
Maybe15%
Should a NGOs (I-LAP) hold a Interfaith Dialogue
Yes77%
No9%
Don’t Know14%
PEACE Mission and Committees
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the assessment conducted by I-LAP in the selected communities and also after the desk review
of available rapid assessments of the region mentioned by varied UN Agencies with support of local
organizations, the situation analysis reflects following key recommendations to be strategies as priority
to save millions of lives from any further loss and to ensure revival of life in the washed-off
communities. These significant recommendations are not only meant for only these communities but if
not responded as urgent the situation will reflect on Pakistan‟s economy badly might leading to national
food-security issues and out-break of epidemic resulting massive life loss. Rise in food prices across the
country, non-availability of food in flood hit areas, rising Dengue virus cases, mal-nourished children
since last 90 days, loss of 48 learning days of school going age are already alarming indicators of
upcoming threats. Thus following recommendations must be considered of high significance and crucial.
Livelihood (Agriculture, Livestock, Cash-for-Work and others)
Agriculture/ Farming
Agriculture was the main sources of income before the
disaster. The floods have badly affected this income
sources. Enabling farmers to plant in time for
September/October wheat planting season (Rabi season).
If missed, the impact will be catastrophic on food
security and agricultural livelihoods and may last up to
two years
Crop maximization project needs to be focused to
introduce new farming techniques, better yielding
methods, value addition through better seeding input, and packaging.
Organizing Farming Community, Social Mobilization
Productivity Enhancement of Crops
Capacity Building of Farmers
Figure 100: Key Agriculture Data (Courtesy FAO)
Empowerment Of Farmers
Establishment of Animal First Aid Centre
Establishment of Revolving Fund at village level
Establishment of Agriculture Implements Pool
Establishment of Input Sales & Marketing Centre
Initiating Income Diversification Interventions
Additional mechanisms may include providing necessary
support like seeds, tractors, tools and even the use of food
vouchers for those communities who can readily access
Provision of emergency cash or immediate cash-for-work
activities would significantly help families meet their basic
needs.
Livestock
Keep existing livestock alive and healthy. Immediate need of
feed and veterinary input is has to be meet at emergency basis
otherwise much more stock will perish.
Keeping surviving livestock alive will enable herds to be rebuilt
through a programme of natural herd increase during the next
calving season. The additional young animals are necessary to
rebuild livestock numbers, while milk production will contribute
as an indispensable source of food security for vulnerable
families.
The United Nations
humanitarian operations
spokesman Maurizio
Giuliano said:
"The devastation to crops is
immense. I think it’s safe to
say it will take some billions
of dollars to recover. Even
though we don’t have
estimates yet, I am referring
to livelihood for agriculture
and farming to get back in
shape."
Shelter and Food Security
Immediate need for rebuilding houses, at many sites debris in from of bricks and other material
is available. People need some construction material input and guidance to Build Better Back.
Provision of Cash-for-Work grants for community infrastructure rebuilding will not support in
revival of community activities but will also provide people with work opportunities at their own
site.
Agriculture input will lead to solutions to food security too. Provision of food supplies till
enough stock get replenished with each house hold is must otherwise will lead to infant
mortality.
Functioning markets, options include the subsidization of staple foods for affected communities
Animal shelter should be developed on urgent basis before winter to protect the animals from
harsh winter weather.
Health and WASH
Provision of clean latrine is high need of the time. Feared outbreak of diarrhea, skin allergy, eye
diseases, cholera, dysentery, malaria, typhoid, scabies, gastroenteritis and other waterborne diseases
could badly affect a large number of displaced people in the flood-affected areas, especially in Rahim
Yar Khan district, as mentioned by Punjab health secretary Fawad Hasan Fawad.
The current situation, water purification tablets or drops, instructions and information sessions on their
use, and provision of appropriate water carriers may be the fastest way to address the need for drinking
water.
Establishment of Diarrheal Treatment Center in DHQs
Diarrhea treatment kits, IEHK kits and Anti snakes venoms are needed.
Psychosocial support is urgently needed because the affected population has lost property and
shelter.
Hygiene promotion interventions – water purification tabs, mineral water, water tinkering is
some areas is needed for next 5-6 days. Chlorination of water
Tents are needed for temporary health facilities at different places.,
Referral system needed to be strengthened.
Vaccination campaigns
Mass communication campaigns/awareness
NFIs for winter good i.e blankets, matters, winter tentes, wrinter cloting, must be distributed to
these and other flood-affected communities. Cooking utensils, water storage containers, and
women‟s/children‟s hygiene kits should be prioritized. As there are reports that sewage systems
have been blocked, provision of soap and towels will help reduce the risk of disease.
NGOs should provide medical care through mobile teams with free medicines in mobile health
units to affected areas. Free Ambulance transportation services could be provided to the sick or
injured on the portions of roads which are still intact, helping them reduce the time and energy
they need to spend traveling to receive health support. Medicines must be supplied to functioning
health facilities. Doctors and trained health workers should be mobilized to such health facilities.
Pregnant women nearing child birth should be identified and Lady Health Workers should be
mobilized in affected communities to help women address reproductive health concerns
Interfaith Harmony and Peace
Several affected communities belonging to the middle and lower middle class social groups refuse to
come out in the public and seek any form of aid. These communities
were observed to be aggregating in hidden clusters at considerable
distances from the main roads and away from regular IDP camps.
Special efforts are needed to supply aid to these communities in a
dignified manner so that they accept assistance. Presently the
communities are in desperate need for food stock, functional
markets and are feeling vulnerable and needs protection, especially,
women and children. Many of the food and non-food items aid is
dependent on the provision of some identity specifically CNIC.
Communities and people belonging to minorities who have lost the
ID cards and documentation are suffering much more than others. In
order to avoid increased suffering and neglection towards any community all people needs to be
preached concept of harmony in difficult teams between groups and clans of different cast, ethnicity or
“In the Bible it finds
mention in the expression
' Love thy neighbor as
yourself '; in the Koran it
is, no one of you is a
believer until he desires
for his brother that which
he desires for himself; in
Talmud ' regard your
neighbor's gain as your
own gain and your
neighbor's loss as your
own loss', in Buddhism it
finds expression in terms
such as ' hurt not others
in ways that you yourself
would find hurtful' .”
religion, as no religion or school of thought denies love and sacrifice for others. Following are the
salient steps towards achievement of the goal
Mass awareness campaign to create and foster spirit of generous consideration amongst the
people, professing and practicing different faiths.
Engaging religious heads, spiritual masters and intellectual leadership in multidimensional
exchanges and dialogue.
To unite the people in the bonds of eternal human relations, friendship, good fellowship, co-
operation, harmony and mutual understanding.
Facilitating relevant actions at the end of people, communities, societies and comity of nations to
discourage violence in all its forms and manifestations.
Engaging government and non-governmental organizations in propagating the theory of peaceful
co- existence in every nook and corner of the world.
To assist and help in building a strong base for a just moral and social world order.
To create a network for preserving human dignity of individual and also its human rights.
Education
Education is a fundamental human right for all people. Education is especially critical for millions of
children and youth affected by disasters, and yet it is often significantly disrupted in emergency
situations, denying learners the transformative effects of quality education.
Education in emergencies comprises learning opportunities for all ages. It encompasses early childhood
development, primary, secondary, non-formal, technical, vocational, higher and adult education.
Minimum Standards for Education: Preparedness, Response, Recovery
Communities prioritise education in times of crisis. Schools and other learning spaces are often at the
heart of the community and symbolise opportunity for future generations and hope for a better life.
Learners and their families have aspirations, and education is the key to increasing each person‟s ability
to participate fully in the life of their society – economically, socially and politically.
Until recently, humanitarian relief entailed the provision of food, shelter, water and sanitation and health
care. Education was seen as part of longer term development work rather than as a necessary response to
emergencies.
However, education‟s life-sustaining and life-saving role has been recognised and the inclusion of
education within humanitarian response is now considered critical.
Education is an integral part of the planning and provision of humanitarian response, which goes beyond
providing immediate relief. Coordination and collaboration between education and other emergency
sectors are essential for an effective response that addresses the rights and needs of all learners.
Immediate needs include:
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Thorough assessment of school infrastructure and supplies damage (already initiated by PMIU)
Arrangement of education facilities through Child Friendly Learning Spaces, that will help
children in psychosocial up-healing, getting-back to track and covering the gap made in their
education year. These CFLS can be set-up with support of communities at some central easily
accessible safe point and teachers can serve till the school revive
Reconstruction of schools based on the assessment
Provision of teaching learning aids to schools and children who have lost their bags and books in
flood
Setting-up accelerated learning centers to support children in catching-up their education who are
busy with their families in building back
School based nutrition and health facilities
Teacher training on Disaster Risk Reduction
Organization of children and their training on DRR
In addition, community-based family tracing and reunification systems should be instated, as
well as child protection and referral networks, to ensure that children are reconnected with their
families and the most vulnerable receive the support they need. It is also crucial to resume
educational services for children immediately to help restore a sense of normalcy to their lives.
School infrsture improvements, and Materials, provide.
