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Distributed Pressure System (DPS) Based on High Precision Brillouin Sensing Technology

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.THIS DOCUMENT AND ANY DATA AND INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE CONFIDENTIAL AND THE PROPERTY OF NEUBREX CO., LTD (NEUBREX) AND COPYRIGHT. NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT, DATA, OR INFORMATION SHALL BE DISCLOSED TO OTHERS OR REPRODUCED IN ANY MANNER OR USED FOR ANY PURPOSE WHATSOEVER, EXCEPT WITH THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM NEUBREX.

•High resolution is absolutely necessary for high precision

•Temperature and Strain•Totally SM fiber scheme leads to economic, stable, long distance solution

•Fiber cable is the system – it is the sensor, is the communication line, is all you need

Neubrex Co., Ltd Kobe , JapanDr. KINZO KISHIDA

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Pressure of underground water will seal the fuel in liquid phase for long time. As long as the water is exist, The storage is safe

Underground Fuel Storage Sealed by Water

観測井 観測井Observation Well Observation Well

Water comb

Water comb

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Reaction of DPS in water pressure monitoring

Observation WellObservation

Well

Water comb

Fuel Tank

Pressure Distribution

Pressure Distribution

Water leak

Low pressure

Neubrescope

Electric Sensor

Electric Sensor

Packer

Waterlever

Well Head

Electric cables

DPS FO cable

House

Field Test PlanPrinciple

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DPS design and lab calibration

DPS cable

Skin PTF

…fibersStrength member

Elastic layer

Size Action image

Position Pressure (MPa)

Pres

sure

(MPa

)

Stra

in

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Whole SM Fiber Optical Scheme

NBX-6010

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10cm may be the essential request for DTSS

All range view

Ripple of period about90cm, 150με

Position Mark

PackerDTSS with 1m spatial resolution is difficulty to reach a precision of 100με (i.e. 5℃)

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GUI DEMO

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Installation

Extend to building

NBX-6010

DPS Cable Bobbin

Field Test

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P (MPa) T (℃）

DPDT＝Distributed Pressure andDistributed TemperatureSystem

Max. Pressure Range: 2MPa (200m)

Max. temperature : 45 (℃）

Pressure precision : ±0.01MPa (1m)

Application:Underground Storage of fuelEPSDam

Spec:

Field Test Results

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Principle

Loght Source

Receiver

Optical PulseOptical fiber

（Frequency Analysis）

Incident

SBS

■ Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS)

⇒Phonon in fiber is stimulated by pump light, the SBSis generated as a backwards scatter light

Frequency of SBSν±11GHz

Raileigh

Incident Frequency：ν

RamanFrequency

Raman

Pow

er o

f SB

S

Contents of back scattering

Probe

CW

Pump

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BOTDA For distributed strain measuring

Peak of local frequency represent the magnitude of strain (temperature)

Spatial Resolution (SP) is decided by the length of pump pulse

ε

0

Strain

Strain Distribution

Brillouin Gain Spectrum (BGS)

Strain magnitude

Strain location

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NeubreScope Based on PPP technologyNeubreScope Based on PPP technology

Pulse PrePump light ( Ap(t))

0

Probe light (CW)

0dBm

t0z = 0 z = 10m

Optical fiber

+25dBm

t

D=1ns

Dpre=13ns

0dBm

1200 με20 cm

Detection circuitPosition C

Position B

Position A

0

Pump light (Pulse only)

+25dBm

t

D=1ns

0

Pump light (Pulse-PrePump only)

tDpre=13ns

0dBmequals to H4

equals to H1

Sampling oscilloscope

equals to H

NeubreScope

Other venders

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70

74

78

82

86

90

10.300 10.500 10.700 10.900 11.100 11.300

Brillouin Frequency shift(GHz)

SBS

(dB

)Position A Position B Position C

Sampling interval: 10 MHz

Spectrums at all positions (pulse light only)

Spectrum by Simple Pulse Pump

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70

74

78

82

86

90

10.300 10.500 10.700 10.900 11.100 11.300

Brillouin Frequency shift(GHz)

SBS

(dB

)Position A Position B Position C

Sampling interval: 10 MHz

Spectrums at all positions (step pulse light)

Spectrum by Pulse PrePump

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-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Position(m)

Str

ain(μ

ε）

Calculated strain values (from BGS spectrum)

Position C

Position B

Position A

Sampling interval: 5 cmStrain distribution obtained by PPP

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To Achieve request of DPS, High quality signal processing is developed

High quality signals examples

Previous quality signals by NBX-6000

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Progress Measured by Repeatability

–10 0 100

100

200

–40 –20 0 20 400

100

200

Freq

uenc

y

ε –ε [ με ]

standarddeviationσ =10.4με

NBX-6000 NBX-6010

standarddeviationσ=2.9με

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NEUBRESCOPE NBX-6000

Spatial Resolution: less than 10cmStrain Precision : ±25με (±0.0025%)

Repeatability： ±15με (±0.0015%)

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Light Source

PC

10GHz Digitizer

10GHz receiver

1.5m

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

10 20 30 40 50 60

Distance(m)

Strain(μ

ε) 2m 1m 75cm 50cm 30cm 20cm 15cm 10cm 5cm

Cut edge Technology of PPP-BOTDA NBX-6020: 2cm Spatial Resolution

Brillouin Spectrums of 1cm space

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

50.6 50.7 50.8

Distance(m)

Strain(μ

ε)

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

55.3 55.4 55.5

Distance(m)

Strain(μ

ε)

10cm 5cm

Neubrescope NBX-6020

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Feature PPP-BOTDA conventional

Spatial resolution 10cm 1m

10cm resolution 1km ×

1m resolution 30km 10km

Measurement time 3min 2min

Repeatability 10με 50με?

Max. available measurement distance

Strain accuracy 25με Approx. 100με

Temperature accuracy 0.6℃ 1℃

Measurement distance vs. resolution

Technical details and comparison

Neubrescope® by PPP-Pulse Pre-Pump

The only one commercialized high precision DTSS

10

3

30

30

10

100

521Pulse time (ns)

measurement distance (km) 2051

502010Resolution (cm)

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NeubreScope NBX-6000 Series

NBX-60202cm, ±25με

NBX-600010cm, ±25με

Hi Resolution

Hi Precision

=> High resolution and High accuracy and High Speed=> Strain／Temperature／Pressure combine

Com

merc

ial av

aila

ble

use

R&D

PPP-BOTDA

NBX-603010cm、±10με

Next generation

NBX-6000(PM)10cm、±2μεPanda Fiber

NBX-60505cm、±10με

NBX-6010Distributed Pressure

NBX-6100PPP-v2

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0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Temperature, ℃

Dis

tance, m

③

④

⑤

⑥

②①

289

334

349

383

409

439

# 5

① Jul 25 13:57

② Jun 3 08:16

③ Jun 3 13:00

④ Jun 4 15:30

⑤ Jun 5 12:50

⑥ Jun 17 17:03

Temperature changes during operation

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23

Safe Zone Abnormal Warn Danger Rapture

200

- 200 50

0

730

1500

① Jul 25 13:57

② Jun 3 08:16

③ Jun 3 13:00

④ Jun 4 15:30

⑤ Jun 5 12:50

⑥ Jun 17 17:03

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

-600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Strain, με

Dis

tance, m

③

④⑤

⑥

②

289

334

349

383

409

439

# 5

Mechanical strain changes during operation without thermal effect

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Submarine cableSubmarine cable Horiguchi et al, NTT（1989）

•SP～100m•Desktop System

Application toApplication toCivil engineeringCivil engineering

NEUBRESCOPENEUBRESTATION

NEUBREGATE

•SP～1m•Portable•Strain Precision 100με

Application to metal structuresApplication to metal structures •SP<10cm•Strain Precision<10με•Structural Health Monitoring system

Ando Co., Ltd NTT（1992 ～2002）

2ns for 5km

Neubrex SolutionA full SM FO system for smart structure