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Page 1: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or
Page 2: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Discovery of the Cell

• Invention of the microscope

-Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or “cells”

-Anton van Leeuwenhoek: used a single lens microscope to observe pond water and found a new world of living things.

Page 3: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Cell Theory

• After numerous observations, scientists compiled their thoughts to form the cell theory.

• The cell theory states:

1. All living things are composed of cells

2. Cells are the basic structure and function in living things

3. New cells are produced from existing cells

Page 4: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

• Does it have a Nucleus?

• Nucleus: membrane bound organelle that contains genetic information (DNA). Controls the cells activities

• *HINT*• “U-CARRY-IT” *HAS A NUCLEUS• Eukaryote *has a nucleus• Prokaryote *does NOT

Page 5: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Prokaryotes vs. Eurkaryotes

Cells do not contain a nucleus

Cells contain a nucleus

No membrane bound organelles

Membrane bound organelles

DNA is found within (no specific area)

DNA is found in nucleus

Ex: bacteria Ex: animal cell, plant cell

Page 6: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Prokaryote

Page 7: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Two Types of Eukaryotes

Page 8: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or
Page 9: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Eukaryotic Cells

• Eukaryotic cells are divided into two major parts: organelles and cytoplasm.

• Organelles are “little organs” with specialized functions.

• Cytoplasm (both) is the major portion of the cell outside the nucleus.

Page 10: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Nucleus (both)

• Controls most cell processes

• Contains DNA- instructions for life

• NUCLEOLUS (both)

– Region inside nucleus where assembly of ribosomes begin

Page 11: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Nucleus Con’tNUCLEAR ENVELOPE (both)

surrounds the nucleus allows materials to comein and out

CHROMATIN (both)

Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA

Page 12: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Ribosomes (both)

• Produce PROTEINS by following coded instructions from the nucleus

Page 13: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Endoplasmic reticulum (both)

• 2 Kinds of ER– SMOOTH= is smooth– ROUGH=has ribosomes on it **“BUMPY”

• FUNCTIONS:• Lipid components of the cell membrane

are assembled in the ER.

• The ER is where proteins and other materials are exported from the cell

Page 14: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Golgi apparatus (both)

• Function: modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials for storage or secretion

• Put the “finishing touches” on proteins before they are ready to leave the “factory”

Page 15: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Lysosomes (both)

• Filled with digestive enzymes

FUNCTION:• Break down lipids, carbohydrates, or

proteins or break down organelles that are no longer useful.

• Clean up the “junk”

Page 16: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Vacuoles (both)

• Sac-like structures that store materials.

• “Storage bins”

• ***It is very large in a plant cell

Page 17: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Mitochondria (both)

• “Powerhouse” of the cells

• Convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convient for the cell to use.

• Key function: ENERGY or ATP

Page 18: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Chloroplasts (plant only)

• Only found in plants

• Contain chlorophyll

• Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy during photosynthesis

Page 19: Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope -Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in 1665. He called what he saw “chambers” or

Cytoskeleton (both)

• Network of proteins that helps the cell maintain its shape.

• Made of Microfilaments and Microtubules

• In Animal cells there are CENTRIOLES– They help with cell division


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