disaster pre & post

8/18/2019 Disaster Pre & Post

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INTRODUCTION TO DAMAGEAND NEEDS ASSESSMENT

METHODOLOGY AND BASICCONCEPTS

Ricardo Zapata Marti

UN ECLAC


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PURPOSES OF DISASTER

VALUATION – Serve as a means to mob!"e e#terna!

$oo%eraton& assstan$e an' !oans

– Be$ome a too! n %o!$( )orm*!aton an' %ost+

'saster reso*r$e a!!o$aton

– Be$ome a too! n !on,+term rs- mt,aton

strate,( settn,

–Determne nee's )or re$onstr*$ton an'mt,aton

– Create .stor$a! re$or'


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INFORMATION NEEDS OF

DISASTER VALUATION• Type:

– Contribution of analysts in all sectors of the econoy! as"ell as social scientists

– #eo$raphically specific inforation – %inal analysis ust ha&e both disa$$re$ated and national

accountin$ &ersions

• 'ources: – E( ante data )pre*e(istin$ conditions! baselines+ – E(*post data )on the basis of nuerous sources and

estiates fro the affected population to econoic! socialand en&ironental effects, Can be both priary and second*hand,+


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DISASTERS/ FRAME0OR1 FOR

VALUATION


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VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY

V*!nerab!t(/ E(posure to ris-s $i&en the e(istin$institutional and socioeconoic situation! anifestedin:

• Mar$inali.ation!

• /nforal housin$ and econoy!

• 0o&erty!

• Conditions in huan settleents and the situation ofproducti&e acti&ities )priary! industrial! tertiary orser&ices+1 their lin-a$e internally and "ith theen&ironent,


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PHASES IN A DISASTER

The disaster cycle:

⇒EMERGENCY ⇒REHABILITATION

⇒RECONSTRUCTION

⇒

PREVENTION AN MITIGATION ⇒ ALERT AN PREPARATION


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THE DISASTER CYCLE ANDTHE DISASTER CYCLE AND

NEEDS ASSESSMENTNEEDS ASSESSMENTEmer,en$(• /n the iediateafterath! priority is

to sa&e li&es

• Assessment

e))orts $an be,n:

affected population!

deaths! "ounded!

issin$! direct

daa$es toproperty and

infrastructure! both

public and pri&ate,

Re.ab!taton• 0riority is to return

acti&ities in the

affected area to

noral,

• Assessment o)'re$t an' n're$t

'ama,es $an be,n!and an appraisal

should be initiated ofsecondary effects,

Re$onstr*$ton• 0riority is to ipleentmt,aton so that pre*

disaster &ulnerability is

not rebuilt,

• E(: constructionpro2ects odify pre*

e(istin$ infrastructure

and en&ironental

conditions that led todaa$e by the disaster ,


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CONNECTING THE CYCLE/ THE

LIN1 BET0EEN NEEDS

ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION

• Mt,aton meas*res re!( on s%e$)$ n)ormaton %rov'e'

b( t.e nee's assessment

• Mt,aton n$!*'es/ – A!!o$atn, reso*r$es to2ar' nstt*tona!& or,an"atona!

an' str*$t*ra! meas*res

– Trann, an' or,an"aton& n$!*'n, at t.e $omm*nt(

!eve!

– Devsn, ear!( 2arnn, s(stems

• O2ners.% o) a$tons s )*n'amenta! to b*!' tr*st


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TIMELINESS AND ACCURACY OF

VALUATION• 30n'o2 o) nee'4 5 30n'o2 o) o%%ort*nt(4

• Tme!( res%onse to nee's

– 3aluation ust ai to reduce disaster ipact and a&oidreconstruction of pree(istin$ &ulnerability

– Assessent ust be done in tie to obili.e necessary internal and4 or e(ternal resources to help

• A$$*ra$(

– 3aluation ust ai to ensure coparability and ethodolo$icalconsistency! and

– To be acceptable by technical standards – 5ud$ent calls! assuptions and indirect calculations are necessary

– The acceptable ar$in of error is 67*689

– 3aluation ust nonetheless be accurate enou$h to attractin&estent and pro2ects


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DISASTER VALUATION

CONCEPTSDre$t 'ama,es• Im%a$t on assets

– /nfrastructure

– Capital

– 'toc-s

• O$$*r mme'ate!('*rn, or a)ter t.e

%.enomenon t.at$a*se' t.e 'saster

In're$t Dama,es• E))e$ts on )!o2s

– 0roduction

– Reduced incoe andincreased e(penses

• Are %er$eve' a)tert.e %.enomenon& )or

a tme+%ero' t.at $an!ast )rom 2ee-s tomont.s& t!!re$*%eraton o$$*rs


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SECTOR b( SECTOR VALUATION

METHODOLOGY• So$a! Se$tors

– ousin$

– ealth

– Education! culture! sports

• In)rastr*$t*re

– Transport and

counications

– Ener$y

– ;ater and se"era$e

• Pro'*$tve se$tors – #oods: a$riculture! industry

– 'er&ices: coerce!

touris! etc,

• G!oba! m%a$t –


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SOCIAL SECTOR

• Each social $roup=s de$ree of &ulnerability to a natural disasteris different! and the se&erity of ne$ati&e ipact of naturaldisasters is as directly related to social ine>ualities anddepri&ations as to the natural ha.ard itself,

• A So$a! Im%a$t Assessment )'/A+ can be crucial in

deterinin$:* "hat iti$ation is necessary

* "hat iti$ation alternati&es e(ist

* "hich iti$ation strate$ies are ost li-ely to "or-

• Accurate assessents of ipacts should pay attention to,en'ere' '))erenta!s and ust be based on sound pre*e(istin$ socio*deo$raphic data


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DYNAMIC GLOBAL EFFECTS

Ma$roe$onom$ e))e$ts/• Re%er$*ssons on t.e natona! or re,ona! e$onom( a)ter

'saster

• T.e '*raton o) re%er$*ssons 'e%en'n, on t.e

$.ara$terst$s an' ma,nt*'e o) 'saster

• T.e e))e$ts are re)!e$te' b(/

– #ross ?oestic 0roduct $ro"th

– 0erforance of the e(ternal sector – E&olution of public finance

– /ncreases of prices and inflation


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DISASTER RIS1 REDUCTION

/nternal policies:

* /nclude &ulnerability reduction as an ob2ecti&e of de&elopent plansalon$side $oals of:

• Copetiti&e $ro"th• E>uitable de&elopent• 'ustainable and sustained de&elopent• 'ocial participation

E(ternal policies:

* /ntroduce ris- ana$eent as part of the re$ional4internationala$enda! alon$side:

• E(ternal copetiti&e insertion• @enefitin$ fro the $lobali.ation process

• /nclusi&e re$ional insertion


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DISASTER RIS1 REDUCTION

Se$tora! $om%onents/• Montorn,& ana!(ss an' $!mate )ore$astn,& n$!*'n, at t.e

!o$a! !eve!

• Contn,en$( %!ans n -e( se$tors& )or e#am%!e/

• A,r$*!t*re& $att!e rasn,&

• R*ra! %overt(&

• Ener,( an' base!nes

• 0ater an' .ea!t.

• Inter$onne$te' s(stems

• Re,*!aton o) bas$ serv$es 2t. s%onsors.% o) %rvateenter%rse

• Fo$*se' %!ans )or v*!nerab!e ,ro*%s& n$!*'n, )orem%!o(ment& )oo' ava!ab!t( an' n*trton

• E'*$aton to re'*$e v*!nerab!t(

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