dipix pixel detector designed in soi technology
DESCRIPTION
This is a presentation Measurements of DIPIX SensorTRANSCRIPT
Measurements of DIPIX2 SensorsCZ-n, FZ-n and FZ-p
Mohammed Imran Ahmed
Supervisor:
Prof. Marek Idzik (AGH)Dr. Piotr Kapusta (IFJ)Prof. Michal Turala (IFJ)
March 16, 2012
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 1 / 29
Outline
1 IntroductionCZ-n, FZ-n and FZ-p
2 Study of Pixel BehaviourSaturation Test
3 Laser MeasurementsHalo IssueOptimization of Back Voltage and Integration time
4 Measurements with Americium sourceData CleaningSignal Clusters and Energy plotsComparison of ENC and SNR for CZ-n and FZ-n
5 Conclusion
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 2 / 29
Outline
1 IntroductionCZ-n, FZ-n and FZ-p
2 Study of Pixel BehaviourSaturation Test
3 Laser MeasurementsHalo IssueOptimization of Back Voltage and Integration time
4 Measurements with Americium sourceData CleaningSignal Clusters and Energy plotsComparison of ENC and SNR for CZ-n and FZ-n
5 Conclusion
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 3 / 29
CZ-n, FZ-n and FZ-p
DIPIX is a Dual mode Integration type PIXel with reduced pixel sizeof 14 µm.Each pixel is also provided with and without CDS (Correlated DoubleSampling).Three detectors are designed in this Family of DIPIX2 (CZ-n, FZ-nand FZ-p).FZ-p sensor : Miss-handling of wafer (p-substrate is changed to ’n’instead of ’p’) result wrong implantation.Total number of pixels 256x256 divided into two regions, each with asize of 128x256 pixels.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 4 / 29
CZ-n, FZ-n and FZ-p
DIPIX is a Dual mode Integration type PIXel with reduced pixel sizeof 14 µm.Each pixel is also provided with and without CDS (Correlated DoubleSampling).Three detectors are designed in this Family of DIPIX2 (CZ-n, FZ-nand FZ-p).FZ-p sensor : Miss-handling of wafer (p-substrate is changed to ’n’instead of ’p’) result wrong implantation.Total number of pixels 256x256 divided into two regions, each with asize of 128x256 pixels.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 4 / 29
Outline
1 IntroductionCZ-n, FZ-n and FZ-p
2 Study of Pixel BehaviourSaturation Test
3 Laser MeasurementsHalo IssueOptimization of Back Voltage and Integration time
4 Measurements with Americium sourceData CleaningSignal Clusters and Energy plotsComparison of ENC and SNR for CZ-n and FZ-n
5 Conclusion
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 5 / 29
Saturation Test
Saturation Test
Saturation test is to check whether the detector is capable of operating inlong run measurements (INTPIX3 was saturating).
Test Setup :
Parameters DIPIX2Environment DarkSignal NoNo. of Frames 60000Integration Time 500µsScan Time (pixel readout time) 640 ns/pixelRST time without cds and with cds 2040 ns and 2160 nsRSTV for N and P (wafer) 750mV and 1300mV
The back voltage for CZ-n = 100 V, FZ-n= 70 V.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 6 / 29
Saturation Test
Saturation Test
Saturation test is to check whether the detector is capable of operating inlong run measurements (INTPIX3 was saturating).
Test Setup :
Parameters DIPIX2Environment DarkSignal NoNo. of Frames 60000Integration Time 500µsScan Time (pixel readout time) 640 ns/pixelRST time without cds and with cds 2040 ns and 2160 nsRSTV for N and P (wafer) 750mV and 1300mV
The back voltage for CZ-n = 100 V, FZ-n= 70 V.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 6 / 29
Saturation Test
Saturation Test
Saturation test is to check whether the detector is capable of operating inlong run measurements (INTPIX3 was saturating).
Test Setup :
Parameters DIPIX2Environment DarkSignal NoNo. of Frames 60000Integration Time 500µsScan Time (pixel readout time) 640 ns/pixelRST time without cds and with cds 2040 ns and 2160 nsRSTV for N and P (wafer) 750mV and 1300mV
The back voltage for CZ-n = 100 V, FZ-n= 70 V.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 6 / 29
Saturation Test of CZ-n
Figure: Saturation test of CZ-n with CDS. (3 graphs each with 20000 framesmeasured subsequently.)
Figure: Saturation test of CZ-n without CDS.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 7 / 29
Saturation Test CZ-N Zoom
Figure: Left fig: with CDS, Right fig: without CDS
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 8 / 29
Saturation Test of FZ-n
Figure: Saturation test of FZ-n with CDS. (3 graphs each with 20000 framesmeasured subsequently.)
Figure: Saturation test of FZ-n without CDS.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 9 / 29
Saturation Test FZ-n Zoom
Figure: Left fig: with CDS, Right fig: without CDS
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 10 / 29
Saturation Test
Summary
DIPIX is not saturating (contrary to INTPIX3) and so it may work forlong time run.
Small initial changes in number of counts may probably be reduced bymaintaining a constant temperature.
FZ-n:
Strange oscillations using CDS. More study of CDS readout is needed.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 11 / 29
Saturation Test
Summary
DIPIX is not saturating (contrary to INTPIX3) and so it may work forlong time run.
Small initial changes in number of counts may probably be reduced bymaintaining a constant temperature.
FZ-n:
Strange oscillations using CDS. More study of CDS readout is needed.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 11 / 29
Outline
1 IntroductionCZ-n, FZ-n and FZ-p
2 Study of Pixel BehaviourSaturation Test
3 Laser MeasurementsHalo IssueOptimization of Back Voltage and Integration time
4 Measurements with Americium sourceData CleaningSignal Clusters and Energy plotsComparison of ENC and SNR for CZ-n and FZ-n
5 Conclusion
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 12 / 29
Laser Setup
Laser Details
Laser Driver PDL 800-DFrequency 80 MHzModes of operation PulseLaser Head wavelength 1060 nm3D setup X,Y and Z
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 13 / 29
Laser Setup
Laser Details
Laser Driver PDL 800-DFrequency 80 MHzModes of operation PulseLaser Head wavelength 1060 nm3D setup X,Y and Z
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 13 / 29
Halo in FZ-n
Figure: Back voltage was set to a) Left fig. 10V, b) Right fig. 70V
Halo Issue
A bunch of pixels around the hit pixel(halo) having 12 to 15 % of hitpixel count is seen.
This problem is seen in all sensors. The worse is FZ-n.
Halo depends mostly on Laser Intensity (increase with intensity).
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 14 / 29
Halo in FZ-n
Figure: Back voltage was set to a) Left fig. 10V, b) Right fig. 70V
Halo Issue
A bunch of pixels around the hit pixel(halo) having 12 to 15 % of hitpixel count is seen.
This problem is seen in all sensors. The worse is FZ-n.
Halo depends mostly on Laser Intensity (increase with intensity).
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 14 / 29
Optimization of Back Voltage and Integration time
Parameters CZ-n Type FZ-n Type
Back Voltage 80V 70VIntegration Time 100µs 100µs
Table: Optimized Back Voltage and Integration Time
Optimization
The presence of halo, force us to do the scan of back voltage andIntegration time to optimize them in order to reduce halo.
Optimization is used to reduce the halo and spot size.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 15 / 29
Optimization of Back Voltage and Integration time
Parameters CZ-n Type FZ-n Type
Back Voltage 80V 70VIntegration Time 100µs 100µs
Table: Optimized Back Voltage and Integration Time
Optimization
The presence of halo, force us to do the scan of back voltage andIntegration time to optimize them in order to reduce halo.
Optimization is used to reduce the halo and spot size.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 15 / 29
CZ-n before and after optimization
Figure: a) Left fig. Before optimization , b)Right fig. After optimization
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 16 / 29
FZ-n before and after optimization
Figure: a) Left fig. Before optimization , b)Right fig. After optimization
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 17 / 29
Laser Measurements
Summary
Halo is seen in all sensors and depends mostly on Intensity. Is itpossible that halo is caused by large charge generation disturbing theelectric field?
Optimized Back voltage and Integration time result in smaller spotsize.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 18 / 29
Outline
1 IntroductionCZ-n, FZ-n and FZ-p
2 Study of Pixel BehaviourSaturation Test
3 Laser MeasurementsHalo IssueOptimization of Back Voltage and Integration time
4 Measurements with Americium sourceData CleaningSignal Clusters and Energy plotsComparison of ENC and SNR for CZ-n and FZ-n
5 Conclusion
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 19 / 29
Americium Radiation Data and Setup
Am-241 source is used with the activity of 10mCi(=370MBq).
The rate of incident photon is low.
Setup is placed in black box.
Radiation Data
Type Energy
Gamma 59.5KeVGamma 26.3KeVGamma 13.9KeV
Cu L x-ray 8.01KeVNp L-x-ray 17.7KeVNp L-x-ray 20.7KeV
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 20 / 29
Americium Radiation Data and Setup
Am-241 source is used with the activity of 10mCi(=370MBq).
The rate of incident photon is low.
Setup is placed in black box.
Radiation Data
Type Energy
Gamma 59.5KeVGamma 26.3KeVGamma 13.9KeV
Cu L x-ray 8.01KeVNp L-x-ray 17.7KeVNp L-x-ray 20.7KeV
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 20 / 29
Americium Radiation Data and Setup
Am-241 source is used with the activity of 10mCi(=370MBq).
The rate of incident photon is low.
Setup is placed in black box.
Radiation Data
Type Energy
Gamma 59.5KeVGamma 26.3KeVGamma 13.9KeV
Cu L x-ray 8.01KeVNp L-x-ray 17.7KeVNp L-x-ray 20.7KeV
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 20 / 29
Data Cleaning using CZ-n
Integration Time and Scan Time 100 µs, 640 ns/pixelBack Voltage 80 VRSTV and RST time 750 mV, 2040 nsRun Mode calib data and signal dataCalib run (dark, no source) 500 eventsAm-241 run (dark) 20000 events
Table: Parameter setting of sensor CZ-n Type
Noise cleaning
Calib data is used to remove bad pixels.
Bad frames and common mode noise are removed from both caliband Am-241 run.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 21 / 29
Data Cleaning using CZ-n
Integration Time and Scan Time 100 µs, 640 ns/pixelBack Voltage 80 VRSTV and RST time 750 mV, 2040 nsRun Mode calib data and signal dataCalib run (dark, no source) 500 eventsAm-241 run (dark) 20000 events
Table: Parameter setting of sensor CZ-n Type
Noise cleaning
Calib data is used to remove bad pixels.
Bad frames and common mode noise are removed from both caliband Am-241 run.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 21 / 29
Data Cleaning
Sensor = CZ-n, CDS = no, No. of frames = 20000 Am-241 and 500calib runs.
Back voltage = 80 V, IT = 100 µs, Pixel scan time = 640 ns.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 22 / 29
Clustering
Number of pixels in a cluster depends on deposited energy.Total 4σ threshold is use to get hit pixels and these pixels are used tofind the cluster.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 23 / 29
Clustering
Number of pixels in a cluster depends on deposited energy.Total 4σ threshold is use to get hit pixels and these pixels are used tofind the cluster.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 23 / 29
CZ-n signal Clusters and Energy plots
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 24 / 29
ENC and SNR Results
CZ N-Type Without CDS
Region IT(µs) Noise (ADC) Signal Noise(ADC) ENC(e−) SNR 59.5KeV (ADC)
1100 4.32 4.38 86 189 815500 - - '107 '153 812
CZ N-Type With CDS
Region IT Noise Signal Noise(ADC) ENC(e−) SNR 59.5KeV (ADC)
1100 4.53 4.59 90 180 817500 - - '117 '139 810
FZ N-Type Without CDS
Region IT(µs) Noise (ADC) Signal Noise(ADC) ENC(e−) SNR 59.5KeV (ADC)
1100 - - '99 '164 657500 - - '109 '150 645
2100 - - '129 '126 543500 - - '144 '113 535
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 25 / 29
ENC and SNR Results
CZ N-Type Without CDS
Region IT(µs) Noise (ADC) Signal Noise(ADC) ENC(e−) SNR 59.5KeV (ADC)
1100 4.32 4.38 86 189 815500 - - '107 '153 812
CZ N-Type With CDS
Region IT Noise Signal Noise(ADC) ENC(e−) SNR 59.5KeV (ADC)
1100 4.53 4.59 90 180 817500 - - '117 '139 810
FZ N-Type Without CDS
Region IT(µs) Noise (ADC) Signal Noise(ADC) ENC(e−) SNR 59.5KeV (ADC)
1100 - - '99 '164 657500 - - '109 '150 645
2100 - - '129 '126 543500 - - '144 '113 535
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 25 / 29
Am-241 Measurements summary
CZ-n:
1st region is the best of all sensor (ENC=86e− and SNR=189 usingAm-241 source 59.6keV), 2nd region is having lot of bad and hotpixels.
Readout with CDS give similar results.
FZ-n:
CDS is not working for this sensor.
SNR is worse than CZ-n, may be due to halo.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 26 / 29
Am-241 Measurements summary
CZ-n:
1st region is the best of all sensor (ENC=86e− and SNR=189 usingAm-241 source 59.6keV), 2nd region is having lot of bad and hotpixels.
Readout with CDS give similar results.
FZ-n:
CDS is not working for this sensor.
SNR is worse than CZ-n, may be due to halo.
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 26 / 29
Outline
1 IntroductionCZ-n, FZ-n and FZ-p
2 Study of Pixel BehaviourSaturation Test
3 Laser MeasurementsHalo IssueOptimization of Back Voltage and Integration time
4 Measurements with Americium sourceData CleaningSignal Clusters and Energy plotsComparison of ENC and SNR for CZ-n and FZ-n
5 Conclusion
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 27 / 29
Conclusion
Conclusion
No saturation is found in dipix2 sensors and may work for long timerun.
With laser Halo problem can be reduced using small intensity andoptimized back voltage. Halo is not seen with americium.
CZ-n is having good SNR and ENC (86e-), whereas FZ-n is worse.
Various readout issues need to be studied (e.g. CDS and pixel scantime).
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 28 / 29
Conclusion
Conclusion
No saturation is found in dipix2 sensors and may work for long timerun.
With laser Halo problem can be reduced using small intensity andoptimized back voltage. Halo is not seen with americium.
CZ-n is having good SNR and ENC (86e-), whereas FZ-n is worse.
Various readout issues need to be studied (e.g. CDS and pixel scantime).
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 28 / 29
Thanks
Thank you for your attention!
Imran (AGH and IFJ, Krakow Poland) Measurements of DIPIX2 Sensors March 16, 2012 29 / 29