First India‐Africa Dialogue and Media Briefing on Air Quality and MobilityBriefing on Air Quality and Mobility

Designing cities for sustainable transport

P t d bPresented by:Adarsha Kapoor, Deputy Programme Manager,Clean air and Sustainable Mobility programme, C t f S i d E i t N D lhiCentre for Sceience and Environment, New Delhi

What is a city

How are cities perceived‐ by users

• Congestion

• Parking

• Safety

• Comfort

• Untidy

• Unmanaged

How are cities perceived‐ by planners

What is the context of Urban Mobility C i i d i ll ti ?Crisis and air pollution?

Is it a local problem?

Is it a problem within project boundary?Is it a problem within project boundary?

Is it the complex problem of the Urban Environment‐ Both Micro and Macro?Environment Both Micro and Macro?

If congestion is a problem

Flyovers and expressways are not the solution

Automobile Dependent Planning

This figure illustrates the self‐reinforcing cycle of increased automobile dependency and sprawl. 

If congestion is a problem

Mobility Planning is a solution

U d di R l i f i lUnderstanding Relation of city plan with Air Pollution and Mobility crisisy

City Transportation Structure

Highway Based Network Based

Land use structure of a city

TODTransit Oriented Development

Park TOD

TAD:• Separates the Community from the Station.

• Auto‐oriented environment.

Transit “Adjacent” Development

U d t di P i i l fUnderstanding Principles of sustainable planningp g

Redefining mobility

urce: Interne

tIm

age So

Plan for Movement of people and not machines

Transport InfrastructureDesign Transport Infrastructure for; 

‘MOBILITY OF PEOPLE’

Pedestrians

C li tCyclists

Intermediate Public Transport

Public Transport and

CarsCars

Sustainable Transport System

1. Equitable

2. Energy Efficient

3. Environment friendly

4. Affordable4. Affordable

5 Safe5. Safe

L C b F i D lLow Carbon Footprint DevelopmentTransit Oriented Developmentp

Smart UrbanismNew UrbanismNew UrbanismSustainable City

It is a city or its part that induces people to preferIt is a city or its part that induces people to prefer the use of public transportation, walking & cycling. 

The Guiding Principles are to: 

1.  Reduce private vehicle dependency and induce public transport use – through design, policy & enforcement measuresenforcement measures. 

2. Provide Public Transport access to maximum2.  Provide Public Transport access to maximum number of people – through densification and enhanced connectivity.

1 2Sustainable Urban Development

Public Transit System: Provision & Funding

Landuse-Transportation Synergy:

1 2

3Discourage Private Car3

4Equitably distribute Public realm

4

1 2GOALS:

•High Quality, Speed &

Public Transit System: Provision & Funding

Landuse-Transportation Synergy:

1 2g Q y, pComfortable Public Transportation

•Efficient Feeder Network. (Intermediate Para Transit

3

(Intermediate Para Transit, more feeders, Dedicated HOV lanes)

•Walking-Cycling

Discourage Private Car3Connectivity

•Multi Modal Integration. (Facilitate easy and efficient transfers between various

4

transfers between various modes)

Equitably distribute Public realm

4

1 2• Revise Parking Laws to

GOALS & STRATEGIES:

Public Transit System: Provision & Funding

Landuse-Transportation Synergy:

1 2• Revise Parking Laws to delink it from landuse and link it to spatial proximity to public transport facilities.

o low/ expensive parking

3

o low/ expensive parking close to transportation hubs

o enforcement of cycle parking provisions

Discourage Private Car3parking provisions.

o congestions pricing in areas well served by public transport.

k d id / k d

4

o park and ride/ park and walk policies

o shared parking options

HOV l i t t d i

Equitably distribute Public realm

4• HOV lanes in street design standards to encourage carpooling

• Mega carpool scheme (CoT)g p ( )

1 2 • Provide for DedicatedPublic Transit System: Provision & Funding

Landuse-Transportation Synergy:

1 2 • Provide for Dedicated Infrastructure for Public Transport to ensure priority in movement for Public Transport.

3

• Provide ample dedicated space for Non Motorized Transport to encourage walking and cycling

Discourage Private Car3 walking and cycling

• Limit the space for Private Vehicles to discourage people from using Personal Motor

hi l

4

vehicles.

• Provide High Density Compact Development to ensure maximum people stay

Equitably distribute Public realm

4 p p yand work in close proximity of Public Transport systems.

Opportunity in African Cities

Very High percentage of people walk and use Public Transport

Ample opportunities to Improve Public Transport, walking and cycling infrastructure

Existing developments which encourage Live and Work Developments

Existing Compact High Density City Centers